CN108886017A - 通过氢退火恢复钴电阻 - Google Patents
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Abstract
因在从钴互连件上去除表面氧化物和在钴互连件上沉积含氮膜期间发生的氮化作用而造成的钴互连件的电阻增大通过氢热退火或等离子体处理解决。穿过薄覆盖层去除氮化物,薄覆盖层可以是介电阻挡层或蚀刻终止层。
Description
技术领域
本公开内容涉及一种形成分层结构的方法,分层结构具有用于在集成电路(诸如互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)结构)中的层间连接的导电钴互连件。
背景技术
随着CMOS装置的临界尺寸(CD)减小,导电互连件的线电阻增大。导电互连件典型地是铜。为了解决增大线电阻的问题,导电互连件可以由钴而不是铜形成。
在化学机械抛光(CMP)之后,钴互连件的暴露表面倾向于形成覆盖的薄氧化钴层,必须将之去除。一种用于去除薄氧化钴层的方法是用氨等离子体(由NH3形成的等离子体)来处理结构。此处理可增强结构的时间相关介电击穿(TDDB)行为。在不损坏下方的层的情况下去除氧化钴层是有挑战性的。
发明内容
根据第一方面,一种处理工件的方法包括:在工件上形成介电层和延伸穿过介电层的层间互连件;通过在由含氮气体形成的等离子体中处理工件来从层间互连件的暴露表面上去除氧化物;和在层间互连件上沉积厚度不超过、例如小于例如100埃的阈值厚度的沉积层。方法进一步包括:通过从穿过介电阻挡层的层间互连件上去除氮来减小层间互连件的电阻;和将介电阻挡层的厚度增大到高于阈值厚度。
在一个实施方式中,含氮气体包括氨。在一个实施方式中,层间互连件包括钴。
在一个实施方式中,阈值厚度不超过50埃,并且可以为约20埃。
在一个实施方式中,从层间互连件上去除氮包括将工件暴露于氢等离子体、自由基或氢热退火。
在一个实施方式中,介电阻挡层包括硅和以下中的一种或多种:碳、氧或氮。
在一个实施方式中,阈值厚度小至足以允许通过氢等离子体、自由基或氢热退火穿过介电阻挡层去除氮。
根据第二方面,一种处理工件的方法包括:在工件上形成介电层和延伸穿过介电层的层间互连件;和通过在由含氮气体形成的等离子体中处理工件或氢等离子体、自由基或氢热退火来从层间互连件的暴露表面上去除氧化物。方法进一步包括:在层间互连件上沉积厚度小于阈值厚度的蚀刻终止层;通过从穿过蚀刻终止层的层间互连件中去除氮,减小层间互连件的电阻;和将蚀刻终止层的厚度增大到高于阈值厚度。
在一个实施方式中,层间互连件包括钴。
在一个实施方式中,阈值厚度小于50埃,或可以为约20埃。
在一个实施方式中,从层间互连件上去除氮包括将工件暴露于氢等离子体、自由基或氢热退火。
在一个实施方式中,蚀刻终止层包括含氮材料,诸如AlN。
在一个实施方式中,含氮气体包括氨。
在一个实施方式中,阈值厚度小至足以允许通过氢等离子体、自由基或氢热退火穿过蚀刻终止层去除氮。
附图说明
为了获得并且可详细地理解本发明的示例性实施方式,上文简要地概述的本发明的更特别的描述可以参考本发明的实施方式进行,实施方式示出在随附附图中。将了解,本文中不讨论某些所熟知的工艺,以便不模糊本发明。
图1A、图1B、图1C、图1D和图1E描绘了集成电路结构的连续的侧视图,连续的侧视图对应于一系列的工艺操作。
图2是对应于图1A至图1E的连续性的工艺操作序列的流程框图。
图3A、图3B、图3C、图3D和图3E描绘了集成电路结构的连续的侧视图,连续的侧视图对应于一系列的工艺操作。
图4是对应于图3A至图3E的连续性的工艺操作序列的流程框图。
为了促进理解,已经尽可能地使用相同的元件符号标示各图共有的相同要素。将构想,一个实施方式的要素和特征可有益地并入在其他实施方式中,不再赘述。然而,应注意,附图仅示出了本发明的示例性的实施方式,并且因此不应视为限制本发明的范围,因为本发明可允许其他等效实施方式。
具体实施方式
如前所述,去除氧化钴层而不损坏下方的层是有挑战性的。我们发现钴互连件有一个问题是暴露于氮或含氮物质(诸如氨等离子体)会导致钴互连件的电阻增大。我们认为这是由于钴互连件的氮化造成的。这种增大可能是显著的,例如约5%至25%,这取决于结构大小和装置密度。因此,一个问题是如何避免因氮化而造成的增大的电阻。
在一些情况下,在去除氧化钴之后,在钴互连件上沉积介电阻挡层。这样的介电阻挡层含有硅与其他材料(诸如碳、氧和/或氮)的组合。钴互连件与含硅阻挡层的接触引起钴互连件的硅化。这样的硅化增大钴互连件的线电阻。因此,第二个问题是如何在钴互连件的顶部提供含硅阻挡层而不会因来自蚀刻终止层的硅对钴互连件的硅化而导致电阻增大。
在其他情况下,在去除氧化钴之后,在钴互连件上沉积蚀刻终止层。蚀刻终止层典型地是含氮材料,诸如氮化铝(AlN),并且留在适当位置至少直到工艺中的后续蚀刻操作完成。即使使用非氨工艺去除氧化钴(例如氢等离子体,自由基或气体退火),含氮蚀刻终止层与钴互连件的接触也会导致钴互连件的氮化,这增大钴互连件的线电阻。因此,第三个问题是如何在钴互连件的顶部提供含氮蚀刻终止层而不会因来自蚀刻终止层的氮对钴互连件的氮化而导致电阻增大。
参考图1A以及图2A的框200,介电层90是形成在诸如半导体晶片的工件92上的多层半导体结构的多个层中的一个。介电层90可以包括具有低介电常数的材料的底部介电层100。钴互连件104从底部介电层100延伸穿过介电层90到介电层90的顶表面90a。结构包括大量的钴互连件,在附图中仅示出其中一个。因此,钴互连件104是延伸穿过介电层90的多个互连件中的一个。工件92通过化学机械抛光进行处理,这使钴互连件104的顶表面104a暴露。顶表面104a在暴露时氧化以形成氧化钴层106。工件92放置在等离子体反应腔室107中(以虚线表示),其中它可以在图2的其余工艺中保留。或者,工艺的不同操作可以在不同腔室中进行,而不一定在一个腔室中。
如图1B描绘,通过采用氨等离子体的氧化物还原工艺去除氧化钴层106(图2的框205)。来自氨等离子体的一些氮积聚在顶表面104a下方并在钴互连件104中形成含氮区108。这可以被称为氮化。钴互连件104中氮的存在增大了钴互连件的电阻。
含氮区108对硅化具有抗性或不受硅化作用,并且暂时留在原位以防止在随后的含硅介电阻挡层沉积期间的硅化,如现在将描述。
如图1C所示,沉积介电阻挡层110(图2的框210)。此沉积可使用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)工艺、或使用物理气相沉积(PVD)工艺、或使用例如原子层沉积(ALD)工艺来执行。介电阻挡层110很薄(约20埃)。介电阻挡层110可以是包括诸如碳、氧和/或氮的其他材料的含硅材料和/或可以以低介电常数为特征。
如图1D所示,钴互连件104中的氮通过在腔室中采用氢的氢等离子体、自由基或氢热退火去除(图2的框215)。介电阻挡层110足够薄(例如,在5-100埃的范围内,例如小于100埃,或小于50埃,诸如20埃),以通过氢等离子体、自由基或氢热退火从钴互连件104穿过介电阻挡层110去除氮。氮的这种去除消除氮化,否则会增大钴互连件104的电阻。我们发现通过氢的这种处理使钴互连件的电阻恢复到钴互连件暴露于氨等离子体之前的原始(较小)值。
此后,如图1E所示,通过沉积附加的介电阻挡层材料112,可以将介电阻挡层110的厚度增大到期望的厚度(例如,高达300埃,例如,100埃)(图2的框220)。例如,此沉积可使用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)工艺或使用物理气相沉积(PVD)工艺或使用原子层沉积(ALD)工艺来执行。
现在将描述第二实施方式。参考图3A以及图4的框400,介电层190是形成在诸如半导体晶片的工件192上的多层半导体结构的多个层中的一个。介电层190可以包括低介电常数的底部介电层300。钴互连件304从底部介电层300延伸穿过介电层190到介电层190的顶表面190a。结构包括大量的钴互连件,在附图中仅示出其中一个。因此,钴互连件304是延伸穿过介电层190的多个互连件中的一个。工件192通过化学机械抛光进行处理,这使钴互连件304的顶表面304a暴露。顶表面304a在暴露时氧化以形成氧化钴层106。工件192放置在等离子体反应腔室307中(以虚线表示),并且它可以在图4的其余工艺中保留在那里。或者,工艺的不同操作可以在不同腔室中执行。
如图3B描绘,通过在反应腔室中产生氨等离子体来去除氧化钴层306(图4的框405)。或者,可以在活性预清洁工艺中进行氧化钴去除,该工艺采用了活性物质,诸如(但不限于)氢自由基。如果使用氨等离子体去除氧化钴,那么来自氨等离子体的氮积聚在顶表面304a下方以在钴互连件304中形成含氮区域308。钴互连件304中氮的存在增大了钴互连件的电阻。
如图3C所示,沉积蚀刻终止层310(图4的框410)。蚀刻终止层310很薄(约20埃)。蚀刻终止层310可以是含氮材料,诸如氮化铝(AlN),并且因此其沉积有助于钴互连件304的氮化。这是重要的特征,其中使用活性预清洁工艺来执行氧化钴去除,因为活性预清洁工艺不提供钴互连件的氮化。在这种情况下,通过AlN蚀刻终止层沉积提供氮化。例如,可以在CVD工艺或PECVD工艺或物理气相沉积(PVD)工艺中或使用原子层沉积(ALD)工艺来执行AlN蚀刻终止层310的沉积。
如图3D所示,使用氢气(H2)通过腔室中的氢等离子体、自由基或氢热退火去除钴互连件中的氮(例如,在含氮区308中)(图4的框415)。蚀刻终止层310足够薄(例如,在5-100埃的范围内,例如小于100埃,或小于50埃,诸如20埃),以通过氢等离子体、自由基或氢热退火从钴互连件304穿过蚀刻终止层310去除氮。氮的这种去除消除氮化,否则会增大钴互连件304的电阻。氢热退火可以在200-500摄氏度的温度范围内进行。我们发现通过氢的这种处理使钴互连件的电阻恢复到钴互连件通过氨等离子体或含氮蚀刻终止暴露于钴氮化之前的原始(较小)值。
此后,如图3E所示,通过在薄蚀刻终止层310上沉积附加的蚀刻终止材料312,可以将蚀刻终止层310的厚度增大到期望的厚度(例如,高达300埃,例如100埃)(图4的框420)。薄蚀刻终止层310保护钴互连件免受附加的蚀刻终止材料312中的氮的影响。例如,此沉积可通过CVD或PVD工艺或ALD工艺来执行。
优点:
上述实施方式通过氮化和硅化解决了钴互连件的电阻增大的问题。在通过氨等离子体从钴互连件中去除表面氧化物期间发生氮化。通过穿过介电层的氢处理来去除氮化,并防止硅化。通过在沉积含硅层的同时暂时将氮化物留在适当位置来利用钴互连件的氮化。在沉积含硅层期间,氮化物阻挡钴互连件的硅化。通过初始的含硅层去除氮,初始含硅层足够薄以使氢能够穿过初始的含硅层抽出钴互连件中的氮。此后,可以通过进一步沉积含硅材料而不使钴互连件硅化来增大含硅层的厚度,因为初始的含硅材料薄层保护钴互连件。等离子体反应腔室107可以是能够执行上述过程或操作中的每一个而不从等离子体反应器(集成工具)107移除工件的集成工具。在一个实施方式中,集成工具在相同腔室中执行前述操作。在另一实施方式中,集成工具在不同腔室中执行不同操作。在另一实施方式中,在不同工具中执行不同操作。
上述实施方式通过从含氮蚀刻终止层(例如,AlN)的氮化解决了钴互连件的电阻增大的问题。在这种情况下,通过将钴暴露于含氮膜而发生氮化。通过穿过初始AlN层的氢处理去除氮化。初始的AlN层足够薄以使氢能够穿过初始AlN层抽出钴互连件中的氮。此后,可通过进一步沉积AlN材料而不氮化钴互连件来增大AlN层的厚度,因为初始的薄AlN层保护钴互连件。等离子体反应腔室107可以是能够执行上述过程或操作中的每一个而不从等离子体反应腔室(集成工具)107移除工件的集成工具。在一个实施方式中,集成工具在相同腔室中执行前述操作。在另一实施方式中,集成工具在不同腔室中执行不同操作。在另一实施方式中,在不同工具中执行不同操作。
尽管上述内容涉及本发明的实施方式,但也可在不脱离本发明的基本范围的情况下设计本发明的其他以及另外实施方式,并且本发明的范围是由随附权利要求书来确定。
Claims (18)
1.一种处理工件的方法,包括:
在所述工件上形成介电层和延伸穿过所述介电层的层间互连件;
从所述层间互连件的暴露表面上去除氧化物;
在所述层间互连件上沉积厚度小于阈值厚度的沉积层,所述沉积层包括介电阻挡层或蚀刻终止层中的一个;
通过从穿过所述沉积层的所述层间互连件中去除氮,减小所述层间互连件的电阻;和
将所述沉积层的厚度增大到高于所述阈值厚度。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述层间互连件包括钴。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述阈值厚度不超过100埃。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述阈值厚度不超过50埃。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述阈值厚度为约20埃。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中去除所述氧化物包括在由含氮气体形成的等离子体中处理所述工件。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述含氮气体包括氨。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述从所述层间互连件上去除氮包括用氢等离子体、自由基或氢热退火中的一种处理所述层间互连件。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述沉积层是介电阻挡层。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述介电阻挡层包括硅。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述介电阻挡层进一步包括碳、氧或氮中的一种或多种。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述沉积层是包括含氮材料的蚀刻终止层。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述蚀刻终止层包括氮化物。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述蚀刻终止层包括AlN。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述阈值厚度小至足以允许通过氢等离子体、自由基或氢热退火穿过所述沉积层去除氮。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述氢热退火在200-500摄氏度的温度范围内进行。
17.一种处理工件的方法,包括:
提供集成工具;
在所述工件上形成介电层和延伸穿过所述介电层的层间互连件;
在所述集成工具的相应腔室中执行以下相应操作:
(a)从所述层间互连件的暴露表面上去除氧化物;
(b)在所述层间互连件上沉积厚度小于阈值厚度的沉积层,所述沉积层包括介电阻挡层或蚀刻终止层中的一个;
(c)通过从穿过所述沉积层的所述层间互连件中去除氮,减小所述层间互连件的电阻;和
(d)将所述沉积层的厚度增大到高于所述阈值厚度。
18.一种处理工件的方法,包括:
提供工具;
在所述工件上形成介电层和延伸穿过所述介电层的层间互连件;
在所述工具的一个腔室中执行以下相应操作:
(a)从所述层间互连件的暴露表面上去除氧化物;
(b)在所述层间互连件上沉积厚度小于阈值厚度的沉积层,所述沉积层包括介电阻挡层或蚀刻终止层中的一个;
(c)通过从穿过所述沉积层的所述层间互连件中去除氮,减小所述层间互连件的电阻;和
(d)将所述沉积层的厚度增大到高于所述阈值厚度。
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US20070292603A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-12-20 | Lam Research Corporation | Processes and systems for engineering a barrier surface for copper deposition |
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