CN108853268A - 一种普外科伤口冲洗用中药制剂 - Google Patents
一种普外科伤口冲洗用中药制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药应用领域,特别公开了一种普外科伤口冲洗用中药制剂。该一种普外科伤口冲洗用中药制剂由麻黄、桂枝、防风、大青叶、大蓟、白芷、紫苏叶、连翘、红藤、虎杖、瞿麦、黄芩、黄连、黄柏、金银花、厚朴、白芍。本发明所选药材配伍相宜,并利用现代先进的医药制药技术制成,具有杀菌广、作用速度快、稳定性强等优点,对人体肌肤无刺激,用后无残留、易溶于水、安全无毒副作用。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及中药应用领域,特别涉及一种普外科伤口冲洗用中药制剂。
(二)背景技术
现有技术中的常用消毒液均为化学药剂,其气味冲鼻,对人们的刺激性较强,特别是过敏性体质的患者更是不能使用,其局限性大大限制了消毒液的使用,特别是在患者换药时,消毒不彻底或刺激性强会引起患者的不适,严重者会引起强烈的过敏反应,如不及时救治会导致患者致残致伤,给医院的正常工作带来极大的不便。
(三)发明内容
本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足,提供了一种制备简单、疗效显著的一种普外科伤口冲洗用中药制剂。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种普外科伤口冲洗用中药制剂,由以下重量份数的中药制成:
麻黄15-20份、桂枝18-25份、防风16-26份、大青叶12-29份、大蓟18-26份、白芷16-25份、紫苏叶16-31份、连翘15-29份、红藤13-28份、虎杖15-27份、瞿麦16-26份、黄芩15-26份、黄连10-26份、黄柏15-28份、金银花19-26份、厚朴15-26份、白芍16-29份。
其优选的各原料的重量配比为:
麻黄15份、桂枝18份、防风16份、大青叶12份、大蓟18份、白芷16份、紫苏叶16份、连翘15份、红藤13份、虎杖15份、瞿麦16份、黄芩15份、黄连10份、黄柏15份、金银花19份、厚朴15份、白芍16份。
本发明所用中药的药性如下:
麻黄:性温,味辛、微苦。归肺经、膀胱经。发汗散寒、宣肺平喘、利水消肿。属解表药下属分类的辛温解表药。用治风寒感冒、胸闷喘咳、风水浮肿、支气管哮喘。多用治表症已解、气喘咳嗽。对心血管系统,具有拟肾上腺能神经作用,升血压作用可产生快速的耐受性;对呼吸系统有平喘、镇咳、祛痰作用;可使汗腺分泌增加;具有明显的利尿作用;具有抗变态反应作用及一定的抗炎作用;具有解热作用及不同程度的抗病原微生物作用;可兴奋中枢,影响神经肌肉的传递。有利胆作用,可降低血尿素氮和升高血清胆固醇。可兴奋虹膜辐射肌而使瞳孔扩大;还可以兴奋离体子宫,而对正常妇女则可减少子宫的活动。麻黄碱对胃肠道分泌通常表现抑制。可引起血糖升高,但作用弱而不恒定。能抗过敏,对流感病毒有抑制作用;麻黄油乳剂有镇痛作用及引起肌肉瘫痪现象,对蟾蜍心脏有抑制作用;麻黄定碱能降低血压。含多种生物碱及挥发性盐基苄基甲胺等。其中以麻黄碱为主要有效成分,占总生物碱量的40%~90%,另含大量微量元素、左旋麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱、左旋去甲基麻黄碱、麻黄恶唑酮等成分。
桂枝:味辛、甘,性温。归膀胱经,心经,肺经。发表解肌、温经通脉、助阳化气、平冲降气,属辛温解表药。用治风寒感冒、脘腹冷痛、血寒经闭、关节痹痛、痰饮、水肿、心悸、奔豚。具有一定的抗菌、抗病毒作用;对中枢系统,具有解热镇痛、镇静及抗惊厥的作用;具有明显的抗炎的作用;能使心肌营养性血流量增加,还具有抗过敏、抗凝血等作用。含挥发油。油中主要成分是桂皮醛。另含苯甲酸苄酯、乙酸肉桂酯、β-荜澄茄烯、菖蒲烯、香豆精等成分。
防风:性温,味甘、辛。归膀胱经、肝经、脾经,发表、祛风、除湿。属解表药下分类辛温解表药。内服治疗感冒、头痛、发热、无汗、风湿痹痛、四肢拘挛、皮肤风湿瘙痒、破伤风等症。解热、降温;镇痛、镇静和抗惊厥;抗菌;抗炎;增强免疫系统功能;抑制离体十二指肠、离体气管和回肠平滑肌收缩;抗组胺;抗凝。防风煎剂或醇浸剂,给兔灌胃或给大鼠腹腔注射,有解热作用;给小鼠灌胃或腹腔及皮下注射防风煎剂及醇浸剂,有镇痛作用;肌注正丁醇提取物,可降低大鼠血液黏度;防风煎剂、醇浸剂灌服或腹腔给药,对大鼠、小鼠具抗炎免疫作用。防风煎剂具抗菌、抗病毒作用。含挥发油,油中有20种化合物,含量较高的有辛醛、β-甜没药烯、升麻素苷、β-荜澄茄烯、防风色酮醇、亥茅酚、升麻素、甲基丁香酚、β-蒎烯、石防风素、防风酸性多糖、镰叶芹二醇、香草酸,人参炔醇(相对含量为82.6%),此外含有色原酮、香豆素、聚乙炔类、多糖类等成分。
大青叶:性寒,味苦。归心经、胃经。清热解毒、凉血清斑。属清热药下分类的清热解毒药。用治温病、血热发斑、壮热不退、痄腮、喉痹、丹毒以及血热妄行的上部出血症等。具有抗病原微生物作用,尚具有抗内毒素的作用。对大鼠有利尿作用,对大鼠蛋清性“关节炎”及右旋糖酐性“关节炎”均有明显的抗炎作用。
大蓟:性凉,味甘、苦。归心经、肝经。凉血止血、祛瘀消肿。属止血药下属分类的凉血止血药。外用鲜品适量,捣敷。用治衄血、吐血、尿血、便血、崩漏下血、外伤出血、痈肿疮毒。止血;有降低血压的作用;抗菌;对无论离体、在位、已孕、未孕,或慢性子宫瘘实验,均显现明显兴奋作用,可使子宫张力增加,收缩幅度加大,逐渐发生痉挛性收缩,对十二指肠肠管呈抑制作用。据报道,全草显生物碱及挥发油反应,对脑膜炎球菌、白喉杆菌有抑制作用。鲜叶含有柳穿鱼素、柳穿鱼苷、6一甲氧基柳穿鱼苷、6,4’一二甲氧基黄芩素-7-鼠李葡萄糖苷、5,7-二羟基-6,4’一二甲氧基黄酮。另含三十二烷醇、ψ-蒲公英固醇乙酸酯、β-香树脂醇乙酸酯等成分。
白芷:性温,味辛。归胃经、大肠经、肺经。散风除湿、通窍止痛、消肿排脓。属解表药下属分类的辛温解表药。用治感冒头痛、眉棱骨痛、鼻塞、鼻渊、牙痛、白带、疮疡肿痛。有较好的止痛作用,尤其对头痛等有良好的效果,并有解毒、消炎作用。近来发现,对心脏冠脉有扩张作用,可考虑用治冠心病。水煎剂还对多种细菌如大肠杆菌、宋氏痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、绿脓杆菌、霍乱杆菌等有抑制作用。对人型结核杆菌亦有抑制作用,甲醇提取物有抗辐射作用。另外还具有解热、镇痛、抗炎;缩短凝血时间、扩张冠状血管、降血压;光敏作用;具有抗微生物等作用。含挥发油。挥发油中检出29种化合物,含量较高的有甲基环葵烷、1-十四碳烯、月桂酸乙酯、数种呋喃香豆素。另外还含欧前胡素、白芷毒素、东莨菪素、白当归素、异欧前胡内酯、水合白当归素、异回芹内酯、氧化前胡素、茴香脑、香芹酚、棕榈酸等。
紫苏叶:性温,味辛。归肺经、脾经。解表散寒,行气和胃。属解表药下属分类的辛温解表药。用于风寒感冒,咳嗽呕恶,妊娠呕吐,鱼蟹中毒。具有镇静及较弱的解热作用;可使兴奋性膜产生抑制作用;能促进消化液分泌,增强胃肠蠕动;对呼吸系统,可产生止咳祛痰平喘作用,对血液系统,具有止血和抗凝血双重作用;升高血糖;调节机体免疫功能,具有抗诱变能力;抗微生物,具有广的抗菌作用。对腺苷酸环化酶有轻度抑制作用,有很强的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制作用;有显著抗氧化作用;尚有抗炎作用。
连翘:性微寒,味苦。归肺经、心经、小肠经。清热解毒、消肿散结。属清热药下属分类的清热解毒药。用治痈疽、瘰疬、乳痈、丹毒、风热感冒、温病初起、温热入营、高热烦渴、神昏发斑、热淋尿闭。抗微生物;抑制磷酸二酯酶、脂氧酶作用;镇吐;抗肝损伤;抗炎;抑制弹性蛋白酶活性;降低自发性高血压等。含木脂素类、黄酮类、挥发性成分、苯乙烷类、乙基环己醇类、三萜类及香豆素类等化合物。还有桦木酸、连翘苷、牛蒡子苷、罗汉松脂苷、松脂素、连翘醇苷C、连翘醇苷D等。
红藤:性平,味苦。归大肠经、肝经。清热解毒、活血祛风、止痛。属活血化瘀药下属分类的活血止痛药。用治肠痈腹痛、经闭痛经、风湿痹痛、跌扑肿痛。动物实验表明,水提醇沉物可提高耐缺氧能力、减弱心缩力、减慢心率、减少心输出量、减轻心肌梗死和心肌缺血程度、改善心肌梗死所致心肌乳酸代谢紊乱,具直接扩张冠状动脉的作用,对胃肠道平滑肌具抑制作用,亦具降压、增加血液中cAMP和cGMP含量的作用。
虎杖:性微寒,味微苦。归肝经、胆经、肺经。祛风利湿、散瘀止痛、止咳化痰。属利水渗湿药下分类的利湿退黄药。用治关节疼痛、经闭、湿热黄疸、慢性支气管炎、高血脂症、烫火伤、跌扑损伤等。药理实验表明,本品能调节血脂,能延缓动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展;并能改善高血脂动物的血液高黏状态,使血黏度恢复正常,防治血栓的形成和血瘀症;并有抗肝损伤、抗休克、抗菌、镇咳、降压、平喘、抗氧化、抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、镇静、改善微循环的作用。含有蒽醌类衍生物,据分析总量可达2.1010,以游离型为主(1.4%),结合型含量较低(0.6%)。并含有芪类化合物芪三酚(即白藜芦醇)及其苷芪三酚苷(即虎杖苷)等,含一定量的鞣质、多个黄酮类化合物。可用紫外分光光度法、薄层扫描法、反相高效液相色谱法测定白藜芦醇的含量,或用分光光度法测定总蒽醌的含量(以大黄素计不得少于1.5%)。另含大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、6-羟基芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、异槲皮苷、虎杖素、柠檬酸、苹果酸等成分。
瞿麦:性寒,味苦。归心经、小肠经。利尿通淋、破血通经。属利水渗湿药下属分类的利尿通淋药。用治热淋、石淋、小便不通、淋沥涩痛、月经闭止。药理研究表明,有利尿、降血压的作用;对离体蛙心、兔心有明显抑制作用;尚有微溶血作用;对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌有抑制作用。含皂苷、糖类维生素A样物质。全草尚含少量生物碱、金圣草素-6-顺式-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、金圣草素-6-反式-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、茴香脑、瞿麦皂苷、瞿麦吡喃酮苷、水杨酸甲酯等成分。
黄芩:性寒,味苦。归肺经、胆经、脾经、大肠经、小肠经。清热燥湿、泻火解毒、止血、安胎。属清热药下属分类的清热燥湿药。用治湿温、暑温胸闷呕恶、湿热痞满、泻痢、黄疸、肺热咳嗽、高热烦渴、血热吐衄、痈肿疮毒、胎动不安。黄芩具有较广的抗菌谱,体外试验,对杆菌、球菌有抑制作用,对流感病毒、皮肤真菌亦有作用,临床用于治疗病毒性眼病及上呼吸道感染有较好疗效。动物试验表明,水煎剂具有抗炎、免疫促进和镇静解热作用;提取物有抑制HIV-1生长的作用。具有抗微生物、抗变态反应、降血压、利尿、降血脂、抗血小板聚集和抗凝、保肝、保护肾损伤的作用;低剂量促进免疫细胞增殖,高剂量则抑制;延缓白内障发生。含黄酮类化合物,是黄芩的有效成分,还含少量甾醇和氨基酸。黄酮类化合物主要有黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩苷、汉黄芩素、黄芩素粗毛豚草素等,另黏毛黄芩素、二氢木蝴蝶素A等。
黄连:性寒,味苦。归心经、脾经、胃经、肝经、胆经、大肠经。清热燥湿、泻火解毒。属清热药下属分类的清热燥湿药。用治湿热痞满、呕吐吞酸、泻痢、黄疸、高热神昏、心火亢盛、血热吐衄、目赤、牙痛、消渴、痈肿疔疮。外用适量,治湿疹、湿疮、耳道流脓。动物试验表明,小檗碱有抗菌、抗病毒及原虫、利胆、抗腹泻、抗炎和抗脑缺血、抗微生物、降压、抗心肌缺血及心肌梗死、抗心律失常、抑制中枢神经系统、止腹泻、抗溃疡、利胆、降血糖、抑制DNA的合成、抑制血小板聚集等作用。含小檗碱,并含黄连碱、甲基黄连碱、掌叶防己碱、小檗红碱、表小檗碱、黄连碱、巴马汀、药根碱等。用核磁共振氢谱法可鉴别黄连的真伪。小檗碱为黄连中主要有效成分。
黄柏:性寒,味苦。归肾经、膀胱经。清热燥湿、泻火除蒸、解毒疗疮。属清热药下属分类的清热燥湿药。用治湿热泻痢、黄疸、带下、热淋、骨蒸劳热、盗汗、遗精;疮疡肿毒、湿疹瘙痒。具有抗病原微生物及病原虫的作用;具有一定的解热和抗炎作用;有降低血压、兴奋心脏的作用,具有明显抗心律失常作用;影响消化系统功能及抑制中枢神经系统,还有抗血小板凝聚作用,有降低血糖、镇痛、祛痰等作用。药理实验表明,对胰腺分泌有促进作用。含小檗碱,并含木兰碱、黄柏碱等多种生物碱以及内酯、甾醇、黏液质、黄酮类、生物碱、挥发油、固醇、糖类等化学成分。其中有盐酸小檗碱、黄柏苷、豆固醇、黄柏酮等成分。
金银花:性寒,味甘。归肺经、心经、胃经。清热解毒、凉散风热。属清热药下属分类的清热解毒药。用治痈肿疔疮、喉痹、丹毒、热毒血痢、风热感冒、温病发热。现临床上多制成各种制剂,用于治疗咽喉炎症、肺结核并发呼吸道感染、肺炎和细菌性痢疾、外科化脓性感染、子宫颈糜烂以及眼科急性炎症。具有抗病原微生物、抗毒、抗炎、解热、促进炎细胞吞噬功能、降血脂、中枢兴奋、抗生育、预防胃溃疡、兴奋子宫作用。含木樨草素、肌醇1%及挥发油、萜类等化学成分。其中有绿原酸、异绿原酸、白果醇、β-谷固醇、豆固醇、豆固醇-D-葡萄糖苷等成分。
厚朴:性温,味苦、辛。归脾经、胃经、肺经、大肠经。燥湿消痰、下气除满。属化湿药。用治湿滞伤中、脘痞吐泻、食积气滞、腹胀便秘、痰饮喘咳。具有肌肉松弛作用;小剂量兴奋肠管平滑肌,而大剂量具有抑制作用;具有抗溃疡的作用,有显著的中枢抑制作用,降血压,抗病原微生物,抗肿瘤;还有抗血小板和抑制细胞内钙流动等作用。含挥发油、生物碱、皂苷,以及鞣质和微量烟酸等。含厚朴酚和厚朴新酚、丁香树脂酚-4’-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、厚朴木脂体A、厚朴木脂体B、厚朴木脂体C、厚朴木脂体D、厚朴木脂体E、厚朴木脂体F、厚朴木脂体G、厚朴木脂体H、厚朴木脂体I、龙脑基厚朴酚等成分。
白芍:性微寒,味苦、酸。归肝经、脾经。平肝止痛、养血调经、敛阴止汗。属补虚药下属分类的补血药。用治头痛眩晕、胸胁疼痛、泻痢腹痛、自汗盗汗、阴虚发热、月经不调、崩漏、带下等。应用HPLC研究表明,芍药根经去皮、水煮后苷类成分略有下降,但其中的有害成分苯甲酸则明显降低。有解痉、镇痛、抗炎、抗心肌缺血等药理作用。白芍应用较广泛,有的学者认为许多作用类似“人参”。野生品种与栽培品种作用相似。对中枢有抑制作用,可解热降温,镇静催眠;具有解痉、抗炎、抗溃、增强细胞免疫和体液免疫、扩张血管,增加血流量、耐缺氧、降血压、抑制血小板凝集、抗菌、保肝、抗诱变抗肿瘤、抑制肥大细胞组织胺释放、神经接头去极化等作用;有毒。本品含芍药苷、羟基芍药苷、苯甲酰芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、氧化芍药苷、白芍苷、常春藤皂苷元、芍药苷元酮、没食子酰芍药苷、山柰酚-3,7-二-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、胡萝卜苷、β-谷固醇、芍药乳糖酮等,挥发油中主要含苯甲酸、牡丹酚等。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
本发明所选药材配伍相宜,并利用现代先进的医药制药技术制成,具有杀菌广、作用速度快、稳定性强等优点,对人体肌肤无刺激,用后无残留、易溶于水、安全无毒副作用。
(四)具体实施方式
实施例1:
取麻黄20份、桂枝25份、防风26份、大青叶9份、大蓟26份、白芷25份、紫苏叶31份、连翘29份、红藤28份、虎杖27份、瞿麦26份、黄芩26份、黄连26份、黄柏28份、金银花26份、厚朴26份、白芍29份,将上述原料清洗干净,以常规提取方法萃取汁液后,加入辅助药剂,利用现代先进的制药科技,制成药剂,即为本发明。
用法用量:换药前使用本发明的水剂反复冲洗,清洁伤口。
实施例2:
取麻黄20份、桂枝25份、防风26份、大青叶9份、大蓟26份、白芷25份、紫苏叶31份、连翘29份、红藤28份、虎杖27份、瞿麦26份、黄芩26份、黄连26份、黄柏28份、金银花26份、厚朴26份、白芍29份,将上述原料清洗干净,以常规提取方法萃取汁液后,加入辅助药剂,利用现代先进的制药科技,制成药剂,即为本发明。
用法用量:换药前使用本发明的水剂反复冲洗,清洁伤口。
实施例3:
取麻黄18份、桂枝22份、防风21份、大青叶23份、大蓟22份、白芷22份、紫苏叶25份、连翘26份、红藤23份、虎杖22份、瞿麦22份、黄芩23份、黄连22份、黄柏24份、金银花23份、厚朴23份、白芍25份,将上述原料清洗干净,以常规提取方法萃取汁液后,加入辅助药剂,利用现代先进的制药科技,制成药剂,即为本发明。
用法用量:换药前使用本发明的水剂反复冲洗,清洁伤口。
Claims (3)
1.一种普外科伤口冲洗用中药制剂,其特征为,由以下重量份数的中药制成:麻黄15-20份、桂枝18-25份、防风16-26份、大青叶12-29份、大蓟18-26份、白芷16-25份、紫苏叶16-31份、连翘15-29份、红藤13-28份、虎杖15-27份、瞿麦16-26份、黄芩15-26份、黄连10-26份、黄柏15-28份、金银花19-26份、厚朴15-26份、白芍16-29份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种普外科伤口冲洗用中药制剂,其特征为,由以下重量份数的中药制成:麻黄15份、桂枝18份、防风16份、大青叶12份、大蓟18份、白芷16份、紫苏叶16份、连翘15份、红藤13份、虎杖15份、瞿麦16份、黄芩15份、黄连10份、黄柏15份、金银花19份、厚朴15份、白芍16份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种普外科伤口冲洗用中药制剂,其特征在于:将上述原料清洗干净,以常规提取方法萃取汁液后,加入辅助药剂,利用现代先进的制药科技,制成药剂,即为本发明。
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