CN108823801B - 一种抗菌无纺布复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗菌无纺布复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108823801B
CN108823801B CN201810748002.7A CN201810748002A CN108823801B CN 108823801 B CN108823801 B CN 108823801B CN 201810748002 A CN201810748002 A CN 201810748002A CN 108823801 B CN108823801 B CN 108823801B
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woven fabric
parts
blend
composite material
drying
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CN108823801A (zh
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万全军
曹仁广
张帅杰
张植民
薛其旺
朱波涛
杨秀华
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CHTC Jiahua Nonwoven Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种抗菌无纺布复合材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:(1)按重量份分别称取聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯30~50份、聚乳酸20~30份和聚丙烯30~40份进行充分混合,得混合物A;(2)将步骤(1)中的混合物与1‑4份的抗静电剂、0.5‑2份的抗菌剂进行共混,然后通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到共混物;(3)将步骤(2)中共混物进行真空干燥,干燥后的共混物通过螺杆挤压机加热、熔融、挤出、拉伸、冷却、自粘合形成无纺布;(4)对步骤(3)得到的无纺布的一侧喷涂防辐射层,最后放入干燥箱内干燥定型;本发明制备的医用无纺布复合材料既有抗菌性,又能防辐射、抗静电性能,主要应用于医用口罩的制备。

Description

一种抗菌无纺布复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于无纺布领域,特别是涉及一种医用无纺布复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
无纺布(非织造布)是一种不需要纺纱织布而形成的织物,只是将纺织短纤维或者长丝进行定向或随机撑列,形成纤网结构,然后采用机械、热粘或化学等方法加固而成。简单的讲就是:它不是由一根一根的纱线交织、编结在一起的,而是将纤维直接通过物理的方法粘合在一起的,所以,当你拿到你衣服里的粘称时,就会发现,是抽不出一根根的线头的。非织造布突破了传统的纺织原理,并具有工艺流程短、生产速度快,产量高、成本低、用途广、原料来源多等特点,在日常生产和生活中有着广泛的应用。但是,随着人们健康意识的提高和对生活质量的重视,如何赋予己经广泛应用的无纺布材料的优良的性能,成为当前一个热门的课题。中国专利CN1970865A公开了一种将表面镀银的纤维添加进无纺布纤维中的技术,具有杀灭常见细菌的能力。中国专利CN201109221Y公开了一种抗菌复合无纺布材料,它由三层材料复合而成,外层为吸水无纺布制作的吸水层,中间层为PE,PU膜或防水透气膜制作的防水层,里层为抗菌无纺布制作的抗菌层,使之同时具备了吸水、防水、抗菌的功能。中国专利CN 104695137A公开了一种抗静电无纺布,该无纺布由聚酯,聚酰胺类聚合物,抗静电剂制备得到,该发明制备的无纺布纤维直径较细,得到无纺布具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、过滤效率优、柔软性好、舒适感强等优点,可广泛应用于医用和工业用口罩、保暖材料、过滤材料、医疗卫生材料、吸油材料、擦拭布、电池隔板以及隔音材料等领域。中国专利CN204076983U公开了一种用于制作医用口罩的无纺布复合材料,包括亲肤层、吸水层、第一PE层、除菌层、第二PE层和亲水PP无纺布层,所述亲肤层上粘结有一层吸水层,所述吸水层上粘结有第一PE层,第一PE层上粘结有除菌层,所述除菌层的上部粘结有第二PE层,第二PE层上粘结有亲水PP无纺布层。
无纺布用途广泛,其中医用无纺布方面,包括一次性口罩、防护服、手术衣、隔离衣、实验服,护士帽、手术帽、医生帽、手术包、产妇包、急救包、尿布、枕套、床单、被套、鞋套等一次性医用耗材系列。与传统的纯棉机织医用纺织品相比,医用非织造织物具有对细菌、尘埃过滤性高、手术感染率低、消毒灭菌方便、易于与其它材料复合等特点。医用非织造产品作为用即弃的一次性用品,不仅使用便利,安全卫生,还能有效地防止细菌感染和医原性交叉感染。我国每年消耗大量的医用无纺布,但目前市售的医用无纺布功能比较单一,缺少一种集抗菌性、防辐射、抗静电等多功能于一身的医用无纺布。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术的不足,提供一种医用多功能无纺布,该无纺布既有抗菌性,又能防辐射、抗静电性能。
为解决上述问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种医用无纺布复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按重量份分别称取聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯30~50份、聚乳酸20~30份和聚丙烯30~40份进行充分混合,得混合物A;
(2)将步骤(1)中的混合物与1-4份的抗静电剂、0.5-2份的抗菌剂进行共混,然后通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到共混物;
(3)将步骤(2)中共混物进行真空干燥,干燥后的共混物通过螺杆挤压机加热、熔融、挤出、拉伸、冷却、自粘合形成无纺布;
(4)对步骤(3)得到的无纺布的一侧喷涂防辐射层,最后放入干燥箱内干燥定型。
所述聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯的结构式为:
Figure BDA0001724801330000031
其中,10≤x≤40,10≤y≤40。
所述的抗静电剂为阴离子抗静电剂,具体为含有有机磺酸盐类的抗静电剂,其通式为(R-SO3)nM,其中R为C6-C18的直链烷基或烷基苯基,M是碱金属或碱土金属离子,n为1或2。
所述的抗菌剂为载银纳米二氧化钛或生物多肽类抗菌剂,所述生物多肽类抗菌剂选自硫酸鱼精蛋白、ε-聚赖氨酸、硫酸多粘菌素或纳他霉素中的一种或多种组合。
另外,步骤(2)中的挤出温度为220-250℃;步骤(3)中的共混物的真空干燥温度为80-120℃,干燥时间24-48h;步骤(3)中的混合物在制备熔喷无纺布的过程中,熔融温度为230-290℃;滚筒与喷丝口的距离为5-30cm,滚筒转速为20-35r/min;喷丝孔两侧的热气流的流速为50-250m/sec,温度为210-320℃;步骤(4)中的干燥定型温度为80-110℃,定型时间为5-20h。
根据本发明制备方法制备得到的医用无纺布复合材料,其厚度为0.2-0.4mm,克重为20-40g/m2,并且其主要应用于医用口罩的制备。
本发明的技术效果为:
(1)本发明的无纺布集抗菌性、防辐射、抗静电等功能于一身,基本能解决医用各个方面的需求;
(2)本发明得到的无纺布具有很好的广谱抗菌性,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌4小时检测,抗菌率均达到99.9%,另外,其具有十分持久的抗静电性能以及防辐射效果;
(3)本发明使用聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚乳酸和聚丙烯三种原料复配,制得的无纺布材料比表面积大、拉力弹性好、延展性好不易折断的性能;
(4)本发明设备简单、工艺流程短、能耗低,采用熔喷方法制备无纺布,使其纤维直径较细。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的阐述:
实施例1
一种医用无纺布复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按重量份分别称取聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯30份、聚乳酸20份和聚丙烯30份进行充分混合,得混合物A;
(2)将步骤(1)中的混合物与2份的十二烷基苯磺酸钠、1份的载银二氧化钛进行共混,然后通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到共混物,挤出温度为230℃;
(3)将步骤(2)中共混物在100℃真空干燥32h,使得含水率小于120ppm,干燥后的共混物通过螺杆挤压机加热、在260℃下熔融、挤压成熔体,当熔体从模头的喷丝孔挤出时,受到喷丝孔两侧流速为90m/sec,温度为260℃的高压热气流喷吹,共混物熔体被拉伸成超细纤维,凝聚在离喷头距离10cm的滚筒式接收器上,接收器的滚筒转速为28r/min,自粘合成无纺布;
(4)对步骤(3)得到的无纺布的一侧喷涂防辐射层,最后放入干燥箱内干燥定型,干燥温度为100℃,干燥时间为12h。
实施例2
一种医用无纺布复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按重量份分别称取聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯40份、聚乳酸30份和聚丙烯40份进行充分混合,得混合物A;
(2)将步骤(1)中的混合物与3份的十二烷基苯磺酸钠、1份的ε-聚赖氨酸进行共混,然后通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到共混物,挤出温度为230℃;
(3)将步骤(2)中共混物在110℃真空干燥36h,使得含水率小于100ppm,干燥后的共混物通过螺杆挤压机加热、在280℃下熔融、挤压成熔体,当熔体从模头的喷丝孔挤出时,受到喷丝孔两侧流速为100m/sec,温度为280℃的高压热气流喷吹,共混物熔体被拉伸成超细纤维,凝聚在离喷头距离12cm的滚筒式接收器上,接收器的滚筒转速为30r/min,自粘合成无纺布;
(4)对步骤(3)得到的无纺布的一侧喷涂防辐射层,最后放入干燥箱内干燥定型,干燥温度为80℃,干燥时间为15h。
实施例3
一种医用无纺布复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按重量份分别称取聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯50份、聚乳酸30份和聚丙烯40份进行充分混合,得混合物A;
(2)将步骤(1)中的混合物与4份的十二烷基苯磺酸钠、2份的载银二氧化钛进行共混,然后通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到共混物,挤出温度为250℃;
(3)将步骤(2)中共混物在120℃真空干燥20h,使得含水率小于110ppm,干燥后的共混物通过螺杆挤压机加热、在250℃下熔融、挤压成熔体,当熔体从模头的喷丝孔挤出时,受到喷丝孔两侧流速为120m/sec,温度为270℃的高压热气流喷吹,共混物熔体被拉伸成超细纤维,凝聚在离喷头距离20cm的滚筒式接收器上,接收器的滚筒转速为25r/min,自粘合成无纺布;
(4)对步骤(3)得到的无纺布的一侧喷涂防辐射层,最后放入干燥箱内干燥定型,干燥温度为90℃,干燥时间为18h。
实施例4
一种医用无纺布复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按重量份分别称取聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯30份、聚乳酸20份和聚丙烯30份进行充分混合,得混合物A;
(2)将步骤(1)中的混合物与2份的十二烷基苯磺酸钠、1份的硫酸鱼精蛋白进行共混,然后通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到共混物,挤出温度为220℃;
(3)将步骤(2)中共混物在120℃真空干燥24h,使得含水率小于100ppm,干燥后的共混物通过螺杆挤压机加热、在280℃下熔融、挤压成熔体,当熔体从模头的喷丝孔挤出时,受到喷丝孔两侧流速为150m/sec,温度为240℃的高压热气流喷吹,共混物熔体被拉伸成超细纤维,凝聚在离喷头距离12cm的滚筒式接收器上,接收器的滚筒转速为26r/min,自粘合成无纺布;
(4)对步骤(3)得到的无纺布的一侧喷涂防辐射层,最后放入干燥箱内干燥定型,干燥温度为80℃,干燥时间为20h。
实施例5
一种医用无纺布复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按重量份分别称取聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯38份、聚乳酸25份和聚丙烯35份进行充分混合,得混合物A;
(2)将步骤(1)中的混合物与1.8份的十二烷基苯磺酸钠、1.6份的硫酸多粘菌素进行共混,然后通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到共混物,挤出温度为240℃;
(3)将步骤(2)中共混物在100℃真空干燥28h,使得含水率小于120ppm,干燥后的共混物通过螺杆挤压机加热、在240℃下熔融、挤压成熔体,当熔体从模头的喷丝孔挤出时,受到喷丝孔两侧流速为100m/sec,温度为230℃的高压热气流喷吹,共混物熔体被拉伸成超细纤维,凝聚在离喷头距离18cm的滚筒式接收器上,接收器的滚筒转速为24r/min,自粘合成无纺布;
(4)对步骤(3)得到的无纺布的一侧喷涂防辐射层,最后放入干燥箱内干燥定型,干燥温度为110℃,干燥时间为15h。
性能测试
对本发明实施例1-5所得产品所得产品的性能进行测试,抗菌性:将产品碎片浸渍于菌液中,检测其表面受污染状况;防辐射:用辐射检测仪检测使用该产品后辐射剂量率的减少量,单位μSv/h;抗静电:用体积电阻,Ω.cm表示;测试结果见下表。
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 市售无纺布
抗菌性 99% 98% 100% 96% 97% 75%
防辐射 103 108 105 101 106 92
抗静电 10<sup>8</sup> 10<sup>8</sup> 10<sup>8</sup> 10<sup>8</sup> 10<sup>8</sup> 10<sup>8</sup>
从上表可知,实施例1-5的无纺布产品具有十分优异的抗菌、防辐射以及抗静电的性能。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种抗菌无纺布复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)按重量份分别称取聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯30~50份、聚乳酸20~30份和聚丙烯30~40份进行充分混合,得混合物A;
(2)将步骤(1)中的混合物与1-4份的抗静电剂、0.5-2份的抗菌剂进行共混,然后通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到共混物,其中,挤出温度为220-250℃;
(3)将步骤(2)中共混物进行真空干燥,干燥后的共混物通过螺杆挤压机加热、熔融、挤出、拉伸、冷却、自粘合形成无纺布;
(4)对步骤(3)得到的无纺布的一侧喷涂防辐射层,最后放入干燥箱内干燥定型;
其中,所述无纺布为医用无纺布;所述聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯的结构式为:
Figure FDA0002762481330000011
其中,10≤x≤40,10≤y≤40。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无纺布复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的抗静电剂为阴离子抗静电剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的无纺布复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的阴离子抗静电剂为含有有机磺酸盐类的抗静电剂,其通式为(R-SO3)nM,其中R为C6-C18的直链烷基或烷基苯基,M是碱金属或碱土金属离子,n为1或2。
4.根据权利要求3所述的无纺布复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的抗菌剂为载银纳米二氧化钛或生物多肽类抗菌剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的无纺布复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述生物多肽类抗菌剂选自硫酸鱼精蛋白、ε-聚赖氨酸、硫酸多粘菌素或纳他霉素中的一种或多种组合。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的医用无纺布复合材料,其特征在于,所述无纺布厚度为0.2-0.4mm,克重为20-40g/m2
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CN104514041B (zh) * 2013-09-29 2018-09-21 上海杰事杰新材料(集团)股份有限公司 一种可降解纤维及其制备方法
CN103757825B (zh) * 2014-02-18 2016-05-11 杭州杭润布艺有限公司 口罩用非织造布及其生产工艺
CN103992549A (zh) * 2014-05-16 2014-08-20 惠州市沃特新材料有限公司 一种用于pp无纺布的抗菌色母粒组合物及其制备方法
CN105177750B (zh) * 2015-09-17 2017-10-13 宁波鑫泰生纺织科技有限公司 一种多功能的聚酯纤维被垫

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