CN108812176A - A kind of organic substrate and preparation method thereof suitable for vegetable cultivation - Google Patents
A kind of organic substrate and preparation method thereof suitable for vegetable cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108812176A CN108812176A CN201810383628.2A CN201810383628A CN108812176A CN 108812176 A CN108812176 A CN 108812176A CN 201810383628 A CN201810383628 A CN 201810383628A CN 108812176 A CN108812176 A CN 108812176A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of organic substrates suitable for vegetable cultivation, and by Mikania micrantha, bamboo fibre, peat, Chinese medicine slag, rotted leaf, earthworm soil, excrement of animals, beneficial microbe colony, sepiolite particle, potassium breeze and water are made；The Chinese medicine slag is made of peppermint, oyster shell powder, kuh-seng, ginger powder；The rotted leaf is made of at least one of Firmiana simplex leaf, tobacco leaf, willow leaf and peach leaf to ferment.The present invention passes through the ratio between scientific matching each component, it is extracted by the science to Chinese medicine slag and the science of rotted leaf selects, it can make mutual help between each ingredient, play more preferably effect, formula is scientific and reasonable for this organic substrate, and nutrient is efficiently complete, and substrate preparation is at low cost, recruitment is few, easy to operate, eliminate the miscellaneous works such as preparation, circulation, monitoring, the management of nutrient solution, product high yield and high quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, and in particular, to a kind of organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation and its
Preparation method.
Background technique
Organic substrate refers to using organic matter such as agricultural crop straw, mushroom slag, turf, sawdust, feces of livestock and poultry etc., it is fermented or
It after high-temperature process, is mixed in a certain ratio, forms a full nutrition cultivation matrix raw material relatively stable and with buffer function.
Earliest matrix, both at home and abroad commonly peat, vermiculite, perlite.These three matrix sources are few, and transportation cost is high, and nutrient contains
Measure low, and property is stablized, and the supply of nutrient has certain limitation mainly by Additional nutrient solution, popularization and application.As matrix is educated
The development of seedling and substrate culture technology, various regions make full use of local resources, reduce matrix cost, and the range of substrate source material constantly expands
Greatly.
Currently, common several seedling mediums have both at home and abroad：It is rock wool, vermiculite, turf, slag ash, mushroom slag, perlite, thin
Sand, charing rice chaff, wood sawdust, coconut husk, reed end, plane slag, corncob, rice bran, cotton seed hulls, soybean residue and organic and inorganic material and
The matrix etc. of microorganism formulation compounding is passed through a certain proportion of compounding in these base starting materials, between them, be can solve
The physical behavior of matrix provides a good growing environment, but its nutrient limitation for containing to rice shoot, itself ground nutrient is not
It is able to satisfy the demand of seedling growth, needs other Additional nutrient solution.
Traditional Chinese medicine ingredients are added in current soilless culture substrate, it has also become a trend of substrate culture, during scientist utilizes
The nutrition of medicine decomposed fermentation together with wastes of crops, animal wastes with drug effect itself, can make full use of Chinese medicine it is effective at
Point, vegetable growth can not only be promoted, while also having the function of sterilization.
But in the preparation of practical matrix, the value that the characteristic of Chinese medicine does not play completely, or even do not have Chinese medicine itself makes
Do not play the role of insect-pest in, therefore how to manufacture a kind of nutrition equilibrium, comprehensive seedling development and vegetable growth are provided
Required nutrient；Comprehensive insect-pest, without spraying insecticide again during the growth process；Preparation process is convenient, controllably；It can be on a large scale
The novel organic substrate of popularization and application is scientist's urgent problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to prior art deficiency problem, provides a kind of organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation, selects Mikania micrantha
It is primary raw material with bamboo fibre, by being aided with Chinese medicine slag and rotted leaf, mine trace element and peat, earthworm soil, excrement of animals, has
Beneficial microorganism flora；Ratio between scientific matching each component can be made each by the selection of science extraction and rotted leaf to Chinese medicine slag
Mutual help between a ingredient plays more preferably effect, and formula is scientific and reasonable for this organic substrate, and nutrient is efficiently complete, and
Substrate preparation is at low cost, recruitment is few, easy to operate, eliminates the miscellaneous works such as preparation, circulation, monitoring, the management of nutrient solution, product
High yield and high quality.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation, this method makes
Reasonable production technology is adjusted, guarantees organic substrate for the characteristic of this organic substrate with the equipment that the art is common
Quality and stability, it is easy to spread.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
Organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation of the invention is made by following parts by weight raw material：Mikania micrantha 20~
30 parts, 20~30 parts of bamboo fibre, 20~30 parts of peat, 12~20 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 10~15 parts of rotted leaf, 30-45 parts of earthworm soil, domestic animal
Just 5~10 parts of animal manure, 1~6 part of beneficial microbe colony, 10~20 parts of sepiolite particle, 3~8 parts of potassium breeze and water 50~70
Part；Wherein, in parts by weight, the Chinese medicine slag is by 3~5 parts of peppermint, 10~15 parts of oyster shell powder, 1~3 part of kuh-seng, ginger powder 1
~2 parts of compositions；The rotted leaf is made of at least one of Firmiana simplex leaf, tobacco leaf, willow leaf and peach leaf to ferment.
Further, the organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation is made by following parts by weight raw material：Mikania micrantha
30 parts, 20 parts of bamboo fibre, 20 parts of peat, 18 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 12 parts of rotted leaf, earthworm native 40 parts, 10 parts of excrement of animals, beneficial to micro- life
5 parts of object flora, 15 parts of sepiolite particle, 34 parts of potassium breeze and 50 parts of water；Wherein, in parts by weight, the Chinese medicine slag is by peppermint 3
Part, 15 parts of oyster shell powder, 3 parts of kuh-seng, 2 parts of ginger powder compositions.
In addition, the rotted leaf of this organic substrate is conducive to Firmiana simplex leaf, tobacco leaf, willow leaf and the peach of vegetable cultivation by choosing
At least one of leaf makes leaf mould not only show self restraint water source, maintenance of soil fertility by the manufacture craft of special leaf mould
Effect, and the multi-party flour nutrition of plant growth is kept, make the high survival rate of vegetables.
Another object of the present invention is to disclose a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation,
S1. Mikania micrantha, bamboo fibre raw material are handled
S11. Mikania micrantha, bamboo fibre raw material are taken according to parts by weight, are ground into pulverizer with 0.5~1.0mm partial size
Based on mixed powder；
S12. mixed powder obtained by step S11 is added in reactor, first low whipping speed is the item of 80~100r/min
6~8h is stirred under part；
S13. 1.5~3 parts of surfactants are added, are uniformly mixed, slow cooling keeps the temperature 3~3.5h to 0~-4 DEG C
After be to slowly warm up to room temperature, obtain mixed material one；
S2. peat is weighed according to parts by weight, and earthworm soil is put into 1~2h of grinding, fine powder in grinder and crosses 160~200 mesh
Sieve arrive mixed material two, it is spare；
S3. Chinese medicine slag raw material is handled
S31. it after being pulverized oyster shell powder, kuh-seng, ginger powder using micronized pulverization technology, mixes；Obtain mixture
The micro mist of material three；
S32. micro mist described in step S31 is subjected to microwave abstracting effective component using water extraction or alcohol extracting method；
S33. the effective component by the extraction of step S32 is centrifuged one, obtains microwave abstracting liquid one；
S34. peppermint is dried, crushes, is fitted into reaction kettle, carry out supercritical CO2Extraction and centrifuge separation two, are extracted
Take liquid two；
S4. peat, rotted leaf are weighed according to parts by weight, and rotted leaf is prepared into leaf mould, beneficial microbe bacterium by excrement of animals
Group；It is placed in 30~50min of uniform stirring in blender, dry 2~3h is subsequently placed into baking oven, obtains mixed material four；
S5. mixed material one and mixed material two are added in the resulting mixed material four of step S4, stirring 30~
40min adds microwave abstracting liquid one and extract liquor two, continues 20~30min of stirring；It is placed in 22~27 DEG C, fermentation 24~
36h；
S6. water, the stack retting 25~28 days under the conditions of 80~90 DEG C is added in the mixed material after fermenting；
S7. the resulting fermentation material of step S6 is prepared into moisture content is 20%~30%.
Further, the excrement of animals is at least one of pig manure, cow dung, horsehit.
Further, the beneficial microbe colony is to contain photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacillus, yeast flora, unwrapping wire
Flora, der Pilz flora.
Further, the processing method of the leaf mould：
Y1. by at least one of Firmiana simplex leaf, tobacco leaf, willow leaf and peach leaf, crushing is in bulk, addition sepiolite particle,
Potassium breeze and water；
Y2. garbage is put into container and adds water, so that its is rotted, the fermented processed hot summer days；
Y3. Firmiana simplex leaf, tobacco leaf, willow leaf and peach leaf are pressed：Garbage=1：0.8~1.2 ratio is prepared mixing and is stirred
It mixes and mongolian oak leaf leaf mould is uniformly made.
Further, the garbage is melon skin fruit bits, dish leaf, at least one of branches and leaves.
Further, the surfactant is at least one of isosteareth and Avocado Oil.
Further, when the microwave abstracting of step S3, microwave power is 300~800W, and speed-frequency is 35~45Hz, extraction
Taking the time is 10~25min, and speed of agitator is 100~400r/min；The revolving speed of centrifuge separation one is 3000~5000r/min,
The time of centrifuge separation one is 15~30min.
Further, the supercritical CO2Extraction：Control supercritical CO2Extracting pressure is 25~30MPa, and extraction temperature is
35~42 DEG C, CO2Flow be 30~50L/h, extraction time be 3h~4.5h, it is described centrifuge separation two pressure be 10~
12MPa, temperature are 30~50 DEG C.
Further, when the ultramicro grinding of step S31, the initial particle size of the Chinese medicine slag raw material is 200~300 mesh, is ground
Mill air pressure is 0.8~1.0MPa, and speed-frequency is 40~50Hz.
Organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation of the invention selects Mikania micrantha and bamboo fibre is by reasonably selecting raw material
Primary raw material, by being aided with Chinese medicine slag and rotted leaf, mine trace element and peat, earthworm soil, excrement of animals, beneficial microbe bacterium
Group；Ratio between scientific matching each component, is extracted by the science to Chinese medicine slag and the science of rotted leaf selects, and can make each ingredient
Between mutual help, play more preferably effect, comprehensive insect-pest, without spraying insecticide again during the growth process；Preparation process is convenient,
Be conducive to the germination of vegetables, growth of seedling improves vegetables survival rate.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
Formula is scientific and reasonable for organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation of the invention, and nutrient is efficiently complete, and matrix
It prepares that at low cost, recruitment is few, easy to operate, eliminates the miscellaneous works such as preparation, circulation, monitoring, the management of nutrient solution, product high yield
It is high-quality.
The preparation method of organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation of the invention according to the difference of raw material, and selects reasonable
Technique can effectively play the drug effect of raw material itself, really play the role of insect-pest by the processing to different traditional Chinese medicine ingredients.
Nutrient needed for organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation of the invention provides comprehensive seedling development and vegetable growth；Entirely
Face insect-pest, without spraying insecticide again during the growth process；Preparation process is convenient, controllably.In addition, raw material used in the present invention
Cheap and easy to get, preparation method is easy, environmentally protective, is suitable for large-scale production, has a good application prospect.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated combined with specific embodiments below.Unless stated otherwise, it is used in the embodiment of the present invention
Raw material and method are the raw material of this field regular market purchase and conventional use of method, used equipment are that this field is routinely set
It is standby.
Organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation of the invention is made by following parts by weight raw material：Mikania micrantha 20~
30 parts, 20~30 parts of bamboo fibre, 20~30 parts of peat, 12~20 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 10~15 parts of rotted leaf, 30-45 parts of earthworm soil, domestic animal
Just 5~10 parts of animal manure, 1~6 part of beneficial microbe colony, 10~20 parts of sepiolite particle, 3~8 parts of potassium breeze and water 50~70
Part；Wherein, in parts by weight, the Chinese medicine slag is by 3~5 parts of peppermint, 10~15 parts of oyster shell powder, 1~3 part of kuh-seng, ginger powder 1
~2 parts of compositions；The rotted leaf is made of at least one of Firmiana simplex leaf, tobacco leaf, willow leaf and peach leaf to ferment.
Mikania micrantha is a kind of liana for liking climbing up by holding on to superpower fertility, and can secrete venom, inhibits it
His plant growth.All after covering other plant, make the plant death by suffocation because photosynthesis is destroyed.In king in 2014
Will it is remote et al.《Chinese gardening digest》In deliver《The comprehensive utilization and exploitation of Alien Invasive Plants Mikania micrantha》Document, it is indicated that
Extracts from Mikania micrantha after extraction has the characteristics that significant desinsection, bacteriostatic activity, the disease of especially suitable prevention and treatment vegetables.
The chemical component of bamboo fiber is mainly cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and three belongs to high glycan, total amount
90% or more of fiber dry mass, followed by protein, fat, pectin, tannin, pigment, ash content etc. are accounted for, there is natural suppression
The effect of bacterium, insect prevention, deodorization, the bamboo fibre and Mikania micrantha selected in this organic substrate make matrix not only good air permeability, are suitable for
The growth and development of vegetables root, and the raw material of Mikania micrantha and bamboo fibre is easy to get, it is easy to process.
Peppermint in Chinese medicine slag can effective mosquito repellent, insect prevention effect；Oyster shell powder, kuh-seng and ginger are compatible, can not only make
The drug effect performance of Chinese medicine itself is stronger, and vegetables can be given to provide more comprehensively volume nutrition, thoroughly improves prior art mesostroma
Subalimentation requires supplementation with nutrient solution or replaces the operation of matrix.
Its specific embodiment is shown in following examples.
Embodiment 1
(1) it is suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation
The organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation of the present embodiment is made of following components by weight parts number ratio：Mikania micrantha 30
Part, 20 parts of bamboo fibre, 20 parts of peat, 12 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 15 parts of rotted leaf, earthworm native 30 parts, 10 parts of excrement of animals, beneficial microbe
2 parts of flora, 20 parts of sepiolite particle, 8 parts of potassium breeze and 50 parts of water；Wherein, in parts by weight, Chinese medicine slag is by 3 parts of peppermint, oyster
15 parts of shell powder, 1 part of kuh-seng, 2 parts of ginger powder compositions；Rotted leaf is 1 by Firmiana simplex leaf, tobacco leaf, willow leaf and peach leaf in mass ratio:1:
2:1 ferments；Excrement of animals is pig manure, cow dung, horsehit by 1:1:The mixing of 1 mass ratio；Beneficial microbe colony is to contain light
Close the flora of bacterium, lactobacillus, yeast flora, actinomycete group, der Pilz.
(2) preparation method suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation
The preparation method of the organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation of the present embodiment, includes the following steps：
S1. Mikania micrantha, bamboo fibre raw material are handled
S11. Mikania micrantha, bamboo fibre raw material are taken according to parts by weight, are ground into based on 1.0mm partial size in pulverizer
Mixed powder；
S12. mixed powder obtained by step S11 is added in reactor, under conditions of first low whipping speed is 100r/min
Stir 6h；
S13. be added 1.5 parts of surfactants (isosteareth), be uniformly mixed, slow cooling to 0~-4 DEG C,
It is to slowly warm up to room temperature after heat preservation 3h, obtains mixed material one；
S2. peat is weighed according to parts by weight, and earthworm soil is put into grinder and grinds 2h, fine powder crosses arriving for 200 mesh screens
Mixed material two, it is spare；
S3. Chinese medicine slag raw material is handled
S31. it after being pulverized oyster shell powder, kuh-seng, ginger powder using micronized pulverization technology, mixes；Obtain mixture
The micro mist of material three；The initial particle size of Chinese medicine slag raw material is 200~300 mesh, and grinding air pressure is
0.8~1.0MPa, speed-frequency are 40~50Hz；
S32. the micro mist of step S31 is subjected to microwave abstracting effective component using water extraction or alcohol extracting method；
S33. by the effective component of the extraction of step S32 in the case where revolving speed is 5000r/min, 15min centrifuge separation one is carried out,
Obtain microwave abstracting liquid one；Microwave power is 800W, speed-frequency 35Hz, extraction time 10min, and speed of agitator is
400r/min；
S34. peppermint is dried, crushes, is fitted into reaction kettle, carry out supercritical CO2Extraction and centrifuge separation two, are extracted
Take liquid two；Control SCF-CO 2 pressure is 25MPa, and extraction temperature is 42 DEG C, and CO2 flow is 30L/h, and extraction time is
4.5h, the revolving speed for being centrifugated two is 4000r/min, and the time for being centrifugated two is 30min.
S4. peat is weighed according to parts by weight, and rotted leaf is prepared into leaf mould, excrement of animals, beneficial microbe colony；It sets
The uniform stirring 50min in blender is subsequently placed into baking oven dry 3h, obtains mixed material four；
S5. mixed material one and mixed material two are added in the resulting mixed material four of step S4, stir 40min,
Microwave abstracting liquid one and extract liquor two are added, continues to stir 20min；27 DEG C are placed in, ferment 36h；
S6. water, the stack retting 25 days under the conditions of 90 DEG C is added in the mixed material after fermenting；
S7. the resulting fermentation material of step S6 is prepared into moisture content is 20%~30%.
Wherein, the preparation method of leaf mould：
Y1. Firmiana simplex leaf, tobacco leaf, willow leaf and peach leaf are crushed in bulk, sepiolite particle, potassium breeze and water is added；
Y2. garbage (melon skin fruit bits, dish leaf, branches and leaves mix in any proportion) is put into container and adds water, make its corruption
Rotten, the fermented processed hot summer days；
Y3. Firmiana simplex leaf, tobacco leaf, willow leaf and peach leaf are pressed：Garbage=1：0.8 mass ratio, which is prepared, to be mixed
It is even that mongolian oak leaf leaf mould is made.
Embodiment 2
(1) it is suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation
The organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation of the present embodiment is made of following components by weight parts number ratio：Mikania micrantha 20
Part, 30 parts of bamboo fibre, 30 parts of peat, 20 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 10 parts of rotted leaf, earthworm native 45 parts, 10 parts of excrement of animals, beneficial microbe
6 parts of flora, 10 parts of sepiolite particle, 3 parts of potassium breeze and 70 parts of water；Wherein, in parts by weight, Chinese medicine slag is by 5 parts of peppermint, oyster
10 parts of shell powder, 3 parts of kuh-seng, 1 part of ginger powder composition；Rotted leaf is 1 by Firmiana simplex leaf, tobacco leaf, willow leaf and peach leaf in mass ratio:1:
1:1 ferments；Excrement of animals is pig manure, cow dung, horsehit by 1:1:The mixing of 1 mass ratio；Beneficial microbe colony is to contain light
Close the flora of bacterium, lactobacillus, yeast flora, actinomycete group, der Pilz.
(2) preparation method suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation
The preparation method of the organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation of the present embodiment, includes the following steps：
S1. Mikania micrantha, bamboo fibre raw material are handled
S11. Mikania micrantha, bamboo fibre raw material are taken according to parts by weight, are ground into based on 0.5mm partial size in pulverizer
Mixed powder；
S12. mixed powder obtained by step S11 is added in reactor, first low whipping speed stirs under conditions of being 80r/min
Mix 8h；
S13. 3 parts of surfactants (isosteareth) are added, are uniformly mixed, slow cooling is protected to 0~-4 DEG C
It is to slowly warm up to room temperature after warm 3h, obtains mixed material one；
S2. peat is weighed according to parts by weight, and earthworm soil is put into grinder and grinds 1h, fine powder crosses arriving for 200 mesh screens
Mixed material two, it is spare；
S3. Chinese medicine slag raw material is handled
S31. it after being pulverized oyster shell powder, kuh-seng, ginger powder using micronized pulverization technology, mixes；Obtain mixture
The micro mist of material three；The initial particle size of Chinese medicine slag raw material is 200~300 mesh, and grinding air pressure is
0.8~1.0MPa, speed-frequency are 40~50Hz；
S32. the micro mist of step S31 is subjected to microwave abstracting effective component using water extraction or alcohol extracting method；
S33. by the effective component of the extraction of step S32 in the case where revolving speed is 3000r/min, 25min centrifuge separation one is carried out,
Obtain microwave abstracting liquid one；Microwave power is 300W, speed-frequency 45Hz, extraction time 25min, and speed of agitator is
200r/min；
S34. peppermint is dried, crushes, is fitted into reaction kettle, carry out supercritical CO2Extraction and centrifuge separation two, are extracted
Take liquid two；Control SCF-CO 2 pressure is 30MPa, and extraction temperature is 35 DEG C, and CO2 flow is 50L/h, and extraction time is
3h, the revolving speed for being centrifugated two is 5000r/min, and the time for being centrifugated two is 25min.
S4. peat is weighed according to parts by weight, and rotted leaf is prepared into leaf mould, excrement of animals, beneficial microbe colony；It sets
The uniform stirring 30min in blender is subsequently placed into baking oven dry 2h, obtains mixed material four；
S5. mixed material one and mixed material two are added in the resulting mixed material four of step S4, stir 30min,
Microwave abstracting liquid one and extract liquor two are added, continues to stir 30min；22 DEG C are placed in, fermentation is for 24 hours；
S6. water, the stack retting 25 days under the conditions of 90 DEG C is added in the mixed material after fermenting；
S7. the resulting fermentation material of step S6 is prepared into moisture content is 20%~30%.
Wherein, the preparation method of leaf mould is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 3
(1) it is suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation
The organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation of the present embodiment is made of following components by weight parts number ratio：Mikania micrantha 22
Part, 30 parts of bamboo fibre, 26 parts of peat, 18 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 12 parts of rotted leaf, earthworm native 40 parts, 8 parts of excrement of animals, beneficial microbe
4 parts of flora, 10 parts of sepiolite particle, 5 parts of potassium breeze and 55 parts of water；Wherein, in parts by weight, Chinese medicine slag is by 5 parts of peppermint, oyster
10 parts of shell powder, 3 parts of kuh-seng, 1 part of ginger powder composition；Rotted leaf is 2 by Firmiana simplex leaf, tobacco leaf, willow leaf and peach leaf in mass ratio:2:
1:1 ferments；Excrement of animals is pig manure, cow dung, horsehit by 1:1:The mixing of 1 mass ratio；Beneficial microbe colony is to contain light
Close the flora of bacterium, lactobacillus, yeast flora, actinomycete group, der Pilz.
(2) preparation method suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation
The preparation method of the organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation of the present embodiment, it is substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference
It is in when, the microwave abstracting of step S3, microwave power 500W, speed-frequency 40Hz, extraction time 15min, stirring
Revolving speed is 200r/min；Remaining method is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 4
(1) it is suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation
The organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation of the present embodiment is made of following components by weight parts number ratio：Mikania micrantha 30
Part, 20 parts of bamboo fibre, 20 parts of peat, 18 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 12 parts of rotted leaf, earthworm native 40 parts, 10 parts of excrement of animals, beneficial microbe
5 parts of flora, 15 parts of sepiolite particle, 34 parts of potassium breeze and 50 parts of water；Wherein, in parts by weight, the Chinese medicine slag is by peppermint 3
Part, 15 parts of oyster shell powder, 3 parts of kuh-seng, 2 parts of ginger powder compositions；Rotted leaf presses quality by Firmiana simplex leaf, tobacco leaf, willow leaf and peach leaf
Than being 2:2:1:1 ferments；Excrement of animals is pig manure, cow dung, horsehit by 1:1:The mixing of 1 mass ratio；Beneficial microbe colony
For containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacillus, yeast flora, actinomycete group, der Pilz flora.
(2) preparation method suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation.
The preparation method of the organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation of the present embodiment, it is substantially the same manner as Example 3, difference
It is in when, the microwave abstracting of step S3, microwave power 300W, speed-frequency 40Hz, extraction time 25min, stirring
Revolving speed is 100r/min；Remaining method is same as Example 1.
Comparative example 1~5
The raw material of comparative example 1~5 chooses, the step of preparation process of comparative example 1~comparative example 3 identical with embodiment 4
Same as Example 3, technological parameter is shown in Table 1；The preparation step of comparative example 4 and comparative example 5 is substantially the same manner as Example 3, no
It is step S4 with place, step S4 uses Mechanical Crushing crusher machine, the ultra micro of technological parameter and embodiment 3 in comparative example 4
Crush identical, step S4 is extracted using low-temperature ultrasonic in comparative example 5, and extraction temperature is 40~50 DEG C, extract power
In 40KW~80KW, time 25min, specific data are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
| Speed-frequency, Hz | Microwave power, w | Extraction time, min | Speed of agitator, r/min | |
| Comparative example 1 | 30 | 850 | 30 | 80 |
| Comparative example 2 | 65 | 900 | 5 | 450 |
| Comparative example 3 | 55 | 250 | 40 | 80 |
| Comparative example 4 | 40 | 300 | 25 | 100 |
| Comparative example 5 | 40 | —— | 25 | —— |
Comparative example 6
Comparative example 6 selects component similar to Example 4 to prepare, the difference is that in component without Chinese medicine slag at
Point.Preparation method is similar to Example 3, the difference is that without step S1 processing.
Comparative example 7
Comparative example 7 selects component similar to Example 4 to prepare, the difference is that being free of rotted leaf in component.It is made
Preparation and addition in Preparation Method without leaf mould.
1~embodiment of embodiment 4 and comparison 1~comparison 7 organic substrate are used for the nursery of pakchoi, comparative test effect
Fruit is as follows：
Varieties of Brassica campestris：It is early to receive No. 1；
The seeding and growing seedling phase：On 2 12nd, 2017
Rearing condition：Vinyl house, environment temperature：20-26 DEG C of daytime, 15 DEG C of night or so.Seed treatment, sowing, no
Emergence rate index with the Chinese cabbage of matrix is shown in Table 2.
Table 2
| Application rate | Emergence quantity | Emergence rate (%) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 300 | 263 | 87.7 |
| Embodiment 2 | 300 | 265 | 88.3 |
| Embodiment 3 | 300 | 273 | 91.0 |
| Embodiment 4 | 300 | 282 | 94.0 |
| Comparative example 1 | 300 | 250 | 83.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 300 | 231 | 77.0 |
| Comparative example 3 | 300 | 220 | 73.3 |
| Comparative example 4 | 300 | 216 | 72.0 |
| Comparative example 5 | 300 | 210 | 70.0 |
| Comparative example 6 | 300 | 208 | 69.3 |
| Comparative example 7 | 300 | 217 | 72.3 |
As shown in Table 2, the organic substrate of comparative example is apparently higher than using this organic substrate emergence rate for being suitable for vegetable cultivation.
It is entire to grow by the above-mentioned pakchoi by 1~embodiment of embodiment 4 and comparison 1~comparison 7 organic substrate plantation
It does not apply fertilizer in the process, does not add other nutriments, observe its disease pest disease incidence and survival rate, be shown in Table 3.
Table 3
As shown in Table 3, this organic substrate for being suitable for vegetable cultivation can be provided needed for comprehensive seedling development and vegetable growth
Nutrient；Comprehensive insect-pest is conducive to the germination of vegetables, seedling without spraying insecticide again during the growth process and nutrient solution
Growth improves vegetables survival rate.
Detailed process equipment and processing step of the invention that the present invention is explained by the above embodiments, those skilled in the art
Member is not it should be appreciated that the present invention is limited by above-described embodiment, and the above embodiments and description only describe the present invention
Principle, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, this is to this field
It is it will be apparent that these changes and improvements all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention for technical staff.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of organic substrate suitable for vegetable cultivation, which is characterized in that be made by following parts by weight raw material：Mikania micrantha
20~30 parts, 20~30 parts of bamboo fibre, 20~30 parts of peat, 12~20 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 10~15 parts of rotted leaf, earthworm soil 30-45
Part, 5~10 parts of excrement of animals, 1~6 part of beneficial microbe colony, 10~20 parts of sepiolite particle, 3~8 parts of potassium breeze and water 50
~70 parts；Wherein, in parts by weight, the Chinese medicine slag is by 3~5 parts of peppermint, 10~15 parts of oyster shell powder, 1~3 part of kuh-seng, life
1~2 part of ginger powder composition；The rotted leaf is made of at least one of Firmiana simplex leaf, tobacco leaf, willow leaf and peach leaf to ferment.
2. a kind of preparation method suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step：
S1. Mikania micrantha, bamboo fibre raw material are handled
S11. Mikania micrantha, bamboo fibre raw material are taken according to parts by weight, are ground into based on 0.5~1.0mm partial size in pulverizer
Mixed powder；
S12. mixed powder obtained by step S11 is added in reactor, under conditions of first low whipping speed is 80~100r/min
Stir 6~8h；
S13. 1.5~3 parts of surfactants are added, are uniformly mixed, slow cooling delays after keeping the temperature 3~3.5h to 0~-4 DEG C
Slowly it is warming up to room temperature, obtains mixed material one；
S2. peat is weighed according to parts by weight, and earthworm soil is put into 1~2h of grinding, fine powder in grinder and crosses 160~200 mesh screens
Arrive mixed material two, it is spare；
S3. Chinese medicine slag raw material is handled
S31. it after being pulverized oyster shell powder, kuh-seng, ginger powder using micronized pulverization technology, mixes；Obtain mixed material three
Micro mist；
S32. micro mist described in step S31 is subjected to microwave abstracting effective component using water extraction or alcohol extracting method；
S33. the effective component by the extraction of step S32 is centrifuged one, obtains microwave abstracting liquid one；
S34. peppermint is dried, crushes, is fitted into reaction kettle, carry out supercritical CO2Extraction and centrifuge separation two, obtain extract liquor
Two；
S4. peat is weighed according to parts by weight, and rotted leaf is prepared into leaf mould, beneficial microbe colony by excrement of animals；It is placed in and stirs
30~50min of uniform stirring in machine is mixed, dry 2~3h is subsequently placed into baking oven, obtains mixed material four；
S5. mixed material one and mixed material two are added in the resulting mixed material four of step S4, stir 30~40min,
Microwave abstracting liquid one and extract liquor two are added, 20~30min of stirring is continued；22~27 DEG C are placed in, ferment 24~36h；
S6. water, the stack retting 25~28 days under the conditions of 80~90 DEG C is added in the mixed material after fermenting；
S7. the resulting fermentation material of step S6 is prepared into moisture content is 20%~30%.
3. the preparation method suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the animal manure
It just is at least one of pig manure, cow dung, horsehit.
4. the preparation method suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described beneficial to micro-
Biological flora be containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacillus, yeast flora, actinomycete group, der Pilz flora.
5. the preparation method suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the leaf mould
Preparation method：
Y1. it by at least one of Firmiana simplex leaf, tobacco leaf, willow leaf and peach leaf, crushes in bulk, sepiolite particle, potassium mine is added
Powder and water；
Y2. garbage is put into container and adds water, so that its is rotted, the fermented processed hot summer days；
Y3. Firmiana simplex leaf, tobacco leaf, willow leaf and peach leaf are pressed：Garbage=1：0.8~1.2 mass ratio, which is prepared, to be mixed
Mongolian oak leaf leaf mould is uniformly made.
6. the preparation method suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the kitchen rubbish
Rubbish is melon skin fruit bits, dish leaf, at least one of branches and leaves.
7. the preparation method suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the surface is living
Property agent be at least one of isosteareth and Avocado Oil.
8. the preparation method suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation according to claim 2, which is characterized in that step S3's is micro-
When wave extracts, microwave power is 300~800W, and speed-frequency is 35~45Hz, and extraction time is 10~25min, speed of agitator
For 100~400r/min；Centrifuge separation one revolving speed be 3000~5000r/min, be centrifugated one time be 15~
30min。
9. the preparation method suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described overcritical
CO2Extraction：Control supercritical CO2Extracting pressure is 25~30MPa, and extraction temperature is 35~42 DEG C, CO2Flow is 30~50L/
H, extraction time are 3h~4.5h, and the revolving speed of the centrifuge separation two is 4000~5000r/min, are centrifugated two time and are
25~30min.
10. the preparation method suitable for the organic substrate of vegetable cultivation according to claim 2, which is characterized in that step S31's
When ultramicro grinding, the initial particle size of the Chinese medicine slag raw material is 200~300 mesh, and grinding air pressure is 0.8~1.0MPa, revolving speed frequency
Rate is 40~50Hz.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115644023A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-01-31 | 吉林农业大学 | Soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20181116 |