CN102172183A - Seedling culturing substrate block and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Seedling culturing substrate block and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102172183A CN102172183A CN201110033790XA CN201110033790A CN102172183A CN 102172183 A CN102172183 A CN 102172183A CN 201110033790X A CN201110033790X A CN 201110033790XA CN 201110033790 A CN201110033790 A CN 201110033790A CN 102172183 A CN102172183 A CN 102172183A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A90/40—Monitoring or fighting invasive species
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Abstract
The invention relates to a seedling culturing substrate block and a preparation method thereof. The seedling culturing substrate block provided by the invention comprises Eupatorium adenophorum as a major ingredient. The major ingredient of the seedling culturing substrate block provided by the invention comprises one or more of Flaveria bidentis, Mikania micrantha, Eupatorium odoratum, guayule, Cenchrus Paciflorus and Solanum rostratum, and the content of the major ingredient is 20-50 wt%; the major ingredient comprises peat or vermiculite, and has the content of 50-80 wt%; and the auxiliary material comprises a nutrient ingredient and a regulator, and has the content of 1-2 wt%. By using the seedling culturing substrate block provided by the invention, nutrients needed by plant growth and contained in a conventional seedling culturing substrate can be provided; meanwhile, roots of seedlings can be promoted to grow and the survival rate of plant breeding is increased because the Eupatorium adenophorum is added to the raw materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant planting field, particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of seedling medium piece and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the development of globalization of world economy and liberalization of international trade, the exotic invasive species constitute a serious threat to China's grain security, ecological safety, human and livestock health, the sustainable development of serious harm agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries.The exotic plant of invading China according to investigations has 188 kinds, and big diffusions of China such as pernicious instruction plant of some of them such as Huang Dingju, Eupatorium adenophorum, Mikania micrantha, fragrant eupatorium herb, guayule, Sandbur, thorn calyx black nightshade spread, and harm is caused disaster.
The many departments of China carried out research to external instruction plant, the main method that adopts the control instruction plant is for manually pulling out and chemical control, depend merely on and manually pull out the annual fund that needs hundred million yuan of inputs, and chemical control is influential to ecotope, so also there is not the effective hierarchy of control so far.And if can utilize, will reduce gradually the biomass of exotic invasive plant to external instruction plant, also reduce diffusion and the harm of exotic invasive plant.
Therefore, can be low-cost, to utilize the exotic invasive plant to high production and environmental friendliness be the comprehensive regulation and the best approach of utilizing the exotic invasive plant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of seedling medium piece.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of seedling medium piece.
According to seedling medium piece of the present invention, the major ingredient of described seedling medium piece comprises Eupatorium adenophorum.
According to seedling medium piece of the present invention, the major ingredient of described seedling medium piece comprises one or more in Huang Dingju, Mikania micrantha, fragrant eupatorium herb, guayule, Sandbur and the thorn calyx black nightshade, and its content is 20wt%～50wt%.
According to seedling medium piece of the present invention, the major ingredient of described substrate block comprises peat or vermiculite, and its content is 50wt%～80wt%.
According to seedling medium piece of the present invention, the auxiliary material of described substrate block comprises nutrient component and conditioning agent, and its content is 1wt%～2wt%.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for preparing above-mentioned seedling medium piece, and this method may further comprise the steps:
1) preparation contains the major ingredient of Eupatorium adenophorum: to Eupatorium adenophorum screen, chemical examination, innoxious and matrix processing, the Eupatorium adenophorum cane is pulverized sorting then, carries out grain composition, drying obtains meeting the Eupatorium adenophorum raw material of the technical standard of compressing clamp dog;
2) preparation contains the major ingredient of peat or vermiculite: screening peat or vermiculite, natural drying, pulverize and step 1) in contain Eupatorium adenophorum major ingredient mix, obtain major ingredient;
3) with step 2) in major ingredient and auxiliary material mix, form the preparation material, obtain seedling medium piece of the present invention through dry method compression moulding.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the method for preparing the seedling medium piece of the present invention specifically may further comprise the steps:
1) adds the major ingredient that the exotic invasive plant stem is made: external instruction plant cane (is comprised Eupatorium adenophorum, can also comprise in Huang Dingju, Mikania micrantha, fragrant eupatorium herb, guayule, Sandbur and the thorn calyx black nightshade one or more when logical) screen and chemically examine (laboratory indexes mainly contains: unit weight, water-holding capacity, expansion rate of water absorption, porosity, ash content, electrical conductivity, salt content, acid-base value, the content of organic matter, content of humic acid, cation exchange capacity and nutrient content etc.), carry out innoxious again and the matrix processing.Harmless treatment is that the exotic invasive plant stem is piled corruption and fermentation through suitable Processes and apparatus, mainly utilize multiple action of microorganisms, organic residual body carry out mineralization, humification and innoxious, make the nutrient of the organic of various indissolubles, be converted into soluble nutrient and humus, the germ that the high temperature (60～70 ℃) that is produced when utilize piling up simultaneously kills in the raw material to be brought, worm's ovum and weed seed, reach innoxious purpose, the main purpose of this process is to make that organic matter fully decomposes in the exotic invasive plant, slaking is removed the disadvantageous reduction composition of plant growth; Then the exotic invasive plant stem is pulverized sorting, carry out reasonable grain composition (it is best that 1～3mm grain composition accounts for 45%～55% o'clock the product quality that suppresses), remove too much ash content and big block, make the grade size of material consistent, the physicochemical property homogeneous is dried to water content＜20% again, reaches the technology standard-required of compressible clamp dog, this raw material standard requires also to comprise: ash content＜35%, resolution 20%～30%, unit weight 0.3～0.5g/cm
3, water-holding capacity＞400%, 1～3mm grain composition greater than 50%, induced worm egg death rate 〉=95%, colititer≤1/10, redox potential value (Eh) 200～600mV.The exotic invasive plant stem accounts for 20%～50% of major ingredient total amount.
2) add the major ingredient that mud (grass) charcoal or vermiculite are made: select the fiber content height, the mud that impurity is few (grass) charcoal or vermiculite, adopt natural drying, water content is not less than carried out grinding and processing at 40% o'clock, the rotating speed of cracker can not be too high, in order to avoid make fiber meticulous, should carry out sub-sieve after the pulverizing, remove too much ash content and the big block of not pulverizing, making the fiber grade be controlled at 1～3mm 〉=60% is advisable, raw material after the pulverizing can not meticulously can not contain diameter greater than the 3mm blocky-shaped particle, the former can make the substrate block of compression forming too fine and close, and the latter can destroy the integrality when expanding.Standby through the raw material of the pulverizing woven bag of to pack into, before carrying out compression process, moisture is air-dry be mixed with exotic invasive plant material and auxiliary material to about 15% after, can carry out the briquetting operation, mud (grass) charcoal or vermiculite account for 50%～80% of seedling medium piece major ingredient total amount.
3) add auxiliary material: auxiliary material mainly comprises nutrient component and conditioning agent, and nutrient component is the composite fertilizer of nitrogenous phosphorus potassium, and conditioning agent is that dolomite dust, white lime etc. account for about 1%～2% of major ingredient.Compacting material behind the adding auxiliary material should reach following standard: electrical conductivity EC≤0.8mS/cm, pH value 5.5～6.5, the content of organic matter 〉=40%, humus＞25%, C/N ratio 15～25: 1, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O 〉=3%, Ca+Mg+S 〉=120mg/kg, B+Cu+Zn+Mn+Mo+Fe 〉=15mg/kg.Before main ingredient was mixed, auxiliary material need be magnified, to reach the uniform requirement that is mixed.
4) major ingredient and auxiliary material are dropped into mixing arrangement, carry out abundant mixing, form the preparation material, enter press afterwards with different moulds, pressure curve in accordance with regulations, through pressurization-pressurize-decompression dry method compression moulding mode, the solid seedling medium piece product that powder raw material is pressed into different size (can be divided into cylinder shape, square type, plate etc. according to the shape of block; Well format can be divided into aperture, macropore, diplopore, porous etc. according to reserving seed for planting in advance; Can be divided into thin piece, chunk, add chunk according to block thickness, can be divided into the special use of solanberry class, melon special use, leaf vegetables special use, cotton special use, flowers special use, lawn special use, tobacco special use etc. according to suitable crop; Difference according to nutrient formulation can be divided into plain edition, spacetabs type and organic type etc.), after indexs such as product appearance profile, the degree of packing, weight, rebound degree are tested, what reach test stone (table 1) is the qualified products packing case of packing into, put the application of waiting to dispatch from the factory in storage, through the disqualified upon inspection product, can not return breaking plant again so long as be subjected to polluting, compacting is produced again again, and general disqualification rate is controlled at 2%～3%.During at the flowers and other crops seed germination to the characteristics of matrix nutrient conditional request harshness, also can adopt secondary to add material one-shot forming technology, with the raw material separated into two parts, part nutrient content is low, top at substrate block, be convenient to seed germination, bottom nutrient content height, can supply seedling stage nutrient demand.
The present invention is by being that the seedling medium piece of raw material can be widely used in crop seedlings such as vegetables, flowers, cotton, forest, medicinal material with external instruction plant.During use, only need seedling medium piece water is fully expanded, just can sow or divide seedling, seedling stage, emphasis was carried out moisture, temperature treatment, need not fertilising, the seedling of breeding is healthy and strong neat, disease takes place few, need not slow seedling after the field planting, especially have easy and simple to handle, save labor, become advantages such as seedling is rapid, fertilizing soil, both be suitable for factorial seedling growth and used, and also very be easy to peasant household of basic unit and directly use, and be particularly suitable for the relative backward areas of grow seedlings of vegetable technology and use, be the grow seedlings new trend of industry industrialized development of China, have good application and marketing prospect.
Seedling medium of the present invention, not only can provide the contained plant growing of conventional seedbed system matrix required nutrient, added Eupatorium adenophorum in the raw material simultaneously, add the growth that can also promote the seedling root by Eupatorium adenophorum, increased the survival rate of plant breeding, the exotic plant that the present invention in addition added is not limited to the Eupatorium adenophorum that the present invention mentions, Huang Dingju, Mikania micrantha, fragrant eupatorium herb, guayule, Sandbur and thorn calyx black nightshade etc., the exotic plant of chemical examination standard and compacting standard all can be used to prepare seedling medium of the present invention among the present invention as long as meet.
The present invention utilizes exotic invasive plant stem (the particularly cane of Eupatorium adenophorum) can realize for feedstock production seedling medium piece: turn bane into boon (1), a large amount of fund of preventing and treating of annual saving; (2) by utilizing, reduce the population quantity of exotic invasive plant, and then reduce of the erosion of exotic invasive plant soil; (3) by utilizing, can effectively control diffusion and the harm of exotic invasive plant; (4) by purchase exotic invasive plant, directly improve outlying mountain area peasant's cash income; (5) improvement for the exotic invasive biology provides a new approach.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a seedling medium piece processing method flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, preparation are the seedling medium piece of raw material with external instruction plant
Concrete preparation technology:
1) adds the major ingredient that the exotic invasive plant stem is made: external instruction plant cane is screened and chemically examines, pile corruption and fermentation, then the exotic invasive plant stem is pulverized sorting, carry out reasonable grain composition (1～3mm grain composition accounts for 45%～55%), remove too much ash content and big block, make the grade size of material consistent, the physicochemical property homogeneous, be dried to water content＜20% again, reach the technology standard-required of compressible clamp dog, this raw material standard requires also to comprise: ash content＜35%, resolution 20%～30%, unit weight 0.3～0.5g/cm
3, water-holding capacity＞400%, 1～3mm grain composition greater than 50%, induced worm egg death rate 〉=95%, colititer≤1/10, redox potential value (Eh) 200～600mV.The exotic invasive plant is that Eupatorium adenophorum, Huang Dingju, Mikania micrantha, fragrant eupatorium herb, guayule, Sandbur or thorn calyx black nightshade cane account for 20% of major ingredient total amount.
2) add the major ingredient that mud (grass) charcoal is made: selection fiber content height, mud (grass) charcoal that impurity is few, adopt natural drying, water content is not less than carried out grinding and processing at 40% o'clock, should carry out sub-sieve after the pulverizing, remove too much ash content and the big block of not pulverizing, make the fiber grade be controlled at 1～3mm 〉=60%, before carrying out compression process, moisture is air-dry be mixed with exotic invasive plant material and auxiliary material to about 15% after, can carry out the briquetting operation.Mud (grass) charcoal accounts for 80% of seedling medium piece major ingredient total amount.
3) add auxiliary material: auxiliary material mainly comprises nutrient component and conditioning agent, accounts for about 1%～2% of major ingredient.Compacting material behind the adding auxiliary material should reach following standard: electrical conductivity EC≤0.8mS/cm, pH value 5.5～6.5, the content of organic matter 〉=40%, humus＞25%, C/N ratio 15～25: 1, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O 〉=3%, Ca+Mg+S 〉=120mg/kg, B+Cu+Zn+Mn+Mo+Fe 〉=15mg/kg.Before main ingredient was mixed, auxiliary material need be magnified, to reach the uniform requirement that is mixed.
4) major ingredient and auxiliary material are dropped into mixing arrangement, carry out abundant mixing, form the preparation material, enter press afterwards with different moulds, pressure curve in accordance with regulations, through pressurization-pressurize-decompression dry method compression moulding mode, powder raw material is pressed into cylinder shape, macropore, chunk, the special use of solanberry class, plain edition seedling medium piece.
The product needed that the present invention prepares is tested to indexs such as its outward appearance profile, the degree of packing, weight, rebound degrees, and its test stone is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 is the test stone of product of the present invention
Embodiment 2, preparation are the seedling medium piece of raw material with external instruction plant
Exotic invasive plant Eupatorium adenophorum, Huang Dingju, Mikania micrantha, fragrant eupatorium herb, guayule, Sandbur or thorn calyx black nightshade cane account for 50% of major ingredient total amount, and mud (grass) charcoal accounts for 50% of major ingredient total amount; Other preparation processes are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3, preparation are the seedling medium piece of raw material with external instruction plant
Exotic invasive plant Eupatorium adenophorum, Huang Dingju, Mikania micrantha, fragrant eupatorium herb, guayule, Sandbur or thorn calyx black nightshade cane account for 35% of major ingredient total amount, and mud (grass) charcoal accounts for 65% of major ingredient total amount; Other preparation processes are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4, preparation are the seedling medium piece of raw material with external instruction plant
Selecting vermiculite in the step 2 is raw material, and other preparation processes are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5 preparations are only to contain the seedling medium piece of Eupatorium adenophorum in the external instruction plant
The exotic invasive plant only contains the Eupatorium adenophorum cane, accounts for 50% of major ingredient total amount, and mud (grass) charcoal accounts for 50% of major ingredient total amount; Other preparation processes are with embodiment 1.
The effect assessment of the seedling medium piece that contains Eupatorium adenophorum that embodiment 6, the present invention prepare
Substrate block that the present inventor obtains embodiment 1～4 and the influence to the tomato root growth that only contains the Eupatorium adenophorum substrate block of common matrix and embodiment 5 are investigated, and its result is shown in table 2～4.
The substrate culture of table 2 Eupatorium adenophorum is to the influence of tomato root growth
From table as can be seen, tomato ground fresh weight under two kinds of substrate cultures, seedling stage, difference was not remarkable, the fructescence significant difference.The Eupatorium adenophorum substrate culture is higher than contrast matrix, and the ground fresh weight comparison under the Eupatorium adenophorum substrate culture is according to having increased by 50.2%; And under the Eupatorium adenophorum substrate culture, underground fresh weight all is higher than contrast in seedling stage and fructescence, the root apparent contrast that is higher than kept burning day and night under the fructescence Eupatorium adenophorum substrate culture.
Table 3 different substrates is handled the whole Gent in back and is levied parameter
By whole parameter more as can be seen, each characteristic parameter of root that adopts Eupatorium adenophorum matrix tomato is all obviously greater than common matrix contrast.
Table 4 different substrates is handled the influence to different seedling age young root vigor
By the mensuration of different seedling ages (20 days and 50 days) root system vigor, the result shows that employing Eupatorium adenophorum matrix group is all than common matrix control group vigor height.
Therefore by top contrast as can be seen, the present invention's substrate block of containing Eupatorium adenophorum is grown to plant root and is had obvious facilitation.
Claims (8)
1. a seedling medium piece is characterized in that, the major ingredient of described seedling medium piece comprises Eupatorium adenophorum.
2. seedling medium piece according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the major ingredient of described seedling medium piece comprises one or more in Huang Dingju, Mikania micrantha, fragrant eupatorium herb, guayule, Sandbur and the thorn calyx black nightshade, and its content is 20wt%～50wt%.
3. seedling medium piece according to claim 1 is characterized in that the major ingredient of described seedling medium piece comprises peat or vermiculite, and its content is 50wt%～80wt%.
4. seedling medium piece according to claim 1 is characterized in that the auxiliary material of described seedling medium piece comprises nutrient component and conditioning agent, and its content is 1wt%～2wt%.
5. a method for preparing the described seedling medium piece of claim 1 is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
1) preparation contains the major ingredient of Eupatorium adenophorum: to Eupatorium adenophorum screen, chemical examination, innoxious and matrix processing, then the Eupatorium adenophorum cane is pulverized sorting, carry out grain composition, drying, obtain containing the major ingredient of Eupatorium adenophorum;
2) preparation contains the major ingredient of peat or vermiculite: screening peat or vermiculite, natural drying is pulverized, then with step 1) in contain Eupatorium adenophorum major ingredient mix, obtain major ingredient;
3) with step 2) in major ingredient and auxiliary material mix, form the preparation material, obtain the seedling medium piece through dry method compression moulding.
6. the method for preparing the seedling medium piece according to claim 5 is characterized in that, grain composition is that the content of 1～3mm particle is 45%～55% in the described step 1).
7. the method for preparing the seedling medium piece according to claim 5 is characterized in that, dry back feed particles water content＜20% in the described step 1).
8. the method for preparing the seedling medium piece according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in described step 2) in, the particle that obtains 1～3mm pulverized, its content 〉=60%.
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| CN102696693A (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2012-10-03 | 贵阳学院 | Compound type botanical pesticide and manufacturing method and application thereof |
| CN103159556A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-06-19 | 中国农业大学 | Production and preparation method and system of transplanting substrate |
| CN105130572A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-12-09 | 泽桑梓 | Mikania micrantha culture medium used for cultivating pleurotus ostreatus and preparation method thereof |
| CN105284493A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-02-03 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Method for controlling Cenchrus pauciflorus by using leguminous forage |
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| CN102696693A (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2012-10-03 | 贵阳学院 | Compound type botanical pesticide and manufacturing method and application thereof |
| CN102696693B (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2014-08-13 | 贵阳学院 | Compound type botanical pesticide and manufacturing method and application thereof |
| CN103159556A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-06-19 | 中国农业大学 | Production and preparation method and system of transplanting substrate |
| CN103159556B (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2014-09-10 | 中国农业大学 | Production and preparation method and system of transplanting substrate |
| CN105130572B (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2018-07-06 | 泽桑梓 | It is a kind of to be used to cultivate Mikania micrantha culture medium of oyster mushroom and preparation method thereof |
| CN105130572A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-12-09 | 泽桑梓 | Mikania micrantha culture medium used for cultivating pleurotus ostreatus and preparation method thereof |
| CN105284493A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-02-03 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Method for controlling Cenchrus pauciflorus by using leguminous forage |
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| CN107021805A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2017-08-08 | 北京中农赛世农业科技有限公司 | Rice nursery substrate and rice nursery substrate plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN105777354A (en) * | 2016-03-20 | 2016-07-20 | 华中农业大学 | Bovine dung vermicompost seedling culture matrix block and preparation method thereof |
| CN106358850B (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-05-17 | 上海园林绿化建设有限公司 | Removal method for invasive plant in ecological restoration project |
| CN106358850A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-02-01 | 上海园林绿化建设有限公司 | Removal method for invasive plant in ecological restoration project |
| CN108812176A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-11-16 | 湖南省绿之优生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of organic substrate and preparation method thereof suitable for vegetable cultivation |
| CN108586144A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-09-28 | 贵州永合益环保科技有限公司 | A kind of flyash soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN112189534A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-08 | 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所 | Floating cultivation substrate |
| CN112335489A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-09 | 海南大学 | Preparation method of horticultural cultivation medium block of tricholoma matsutake |
| CN114651699A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-06-24 | 四川省亿尚农业旅游开发有限公司 | Method for preparing flower culture medium by using stems and leaves of fruit mulberry as main raw materials |
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