CN107188736A - A kind of special culture medium of watermelon seedlings nutritive cube and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of special culture medium of watermelon seedlings nutritive cube and preparation method thereof, it is characterised in that：It is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Chinese prickly ash wood leaf, the fresh material of other plant tissue, 80% ~ 90% petroleum ether aqueous solution, beta cyclodextrin, luffa, manioc waste, brown sugar residue, brewery's filter mud, water hyacinth powder, medical stone granule, leaf mould, urea, seawood meal and appropriate water；Luffa is used for watermelon seedlings nutritive cube; luffa belongs to the vascular bundle of unfresh towel gourd; with very strong toughness and water absorbing capacity; wherein surface has also been coated with the derived essential oil of volatile plant repellent action; it can be very good to avoid bacterium infection to addle the interference with pest and disease damage; the coated essential oil of cyclodextrin is wherein utilized, with good permanence, the survival rate of watermelon seedlings is protected.

Description

A kind of special culture medium of watermelon seedlings nutritive cube and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technology field of plantation, and in particular to a kind of special culture medium of watermelon seedlings nutritive cube And preparation method thereof.

Background technology

Modern agricultural planting is a big Important Economic strategy and policy of various countries, but the disease on thing followed crops The incidence of insect pest also more and more higher, unreasonable along with agricultural chemicals uses, and not only soil, lake and air are by different journeys The influence of degree, the various insects harmed the crops also play the suitable resistance to the action of a drug, chemicals is applied to the difficulty of crops More and more higher is spent, the use of agricultural chemicals, which is more or less in the product of crops, has residual, is detrimental to health, with people couple Healthy values, and how to make the incidence of pest and disease damage reduces, while the use of chemicals is reduced, as current unavoidable Major issue.

Before pest and disease damage generation, fundamentally prevent the generation of insect, show the essential oil of pepper wood to evil by research Worm has fabulous effect of walking quickly and keeping away, and pepper wood is Rutaceae xanthoxylum, because the wooden complete stool of pepper has strong pepper fragrance, itself Rare pest and disease damage (only accidental anthracnose and aphid at present), and periphery plant also rare pest and disease damage.But applied to agricultural Aspect, effect is general, and one side extract single effect targetedly can only have effect, its secondary amounts is less simultaneously to some insects And the extraction of essential oil thing of plant is applied to the preventing and treating of insect by the scheme of neither one system, so invention is wanted to add other concentration Insect walks quickly and keeps away plant extracts and pepper wood is used cooperatively, while extending action time and the effect of extract using protective agent.

Studied by the extraction to the wooden blade of pepper, it is found that essential oil contains substantial amounts of expelling parasite, desinsection, sterilization component, wherein Most effective composition is limonene（0.18%）And methyl cinnamate（More than 85%）.There is powerful antibacterial to live for limonene and australene Property, growth, the breeding of a variety of pathogens can be suppressed.There is limonene obvious repellent and poisoning to live to mosquito and other insects Property, australene has cytotoxicity to mosquito.Alpha-terpineol is respectively provided with stronger antibacterial to gram-negative bacteria and gram positive bacteria and lived Property, the synthesis of bacterial nucleic acid and the expression of soluble protein can be suppressed by cell membrane and cell leakage change.Menthol And menthol material has certain repellent effect to aedes albopictus.The acetal compound of citronellal is to Anopheles sinensis, white Line yellow-fever mosquito, Culex pipiens pallens show comparatively ideal repellent activity.

The content of the invention

In order to improve the insect pest effect of cultivation matrix, invention is sprayed using the stalk of crops as carrier on the surface of stalk The derived essential oil of the insect pest effect of plant extract is applied, then is wrapped up with analogs such as cyclodextrin, natural preventive is played and reduces disease pest The effect that evil occurs, is realized particular by following method：

A kind of special culture medium of watermelon seedlings nutritive cube, is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Chinese prickly ash wood leaf 45 ~ 65, other The fresh material 20 ~ 30 of plant tissue, 80% ~ 90% petroleum ether aqueous solution 30 ~ 50, beta-schardinger dextrin 10 ~ 20, luffa 60 ~ 100, manioc waste 20 ~ 30, brown sugar residue 35 ~ 45, brewery's filter mud 15 ~ 25, water hyacinth powder 20 ~ 35, medical stone granule 10 ~ 22, leaf mould 5 ~ 10, urea 1 ~ 2, seawood meal 5 ~ 12 and appropriate water；

The fresh material of other plant tissue is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Eucalyptus leaves 10 ~ 15, Mikania micrantha 5 ~ 10, Folium Meliae 20 ~ 30, orange peel 15 ~ 25 and jackfruit pomace 10 ~ 20.

The preparation method of the special culture medium of watermelon seedlings nutritive cube, this method includes following steps,

（1）The wooden leaf of Chinese prickly ash and the fresh material of other plant are mixed, the material is dried by way of lyophilized, ground 100 ~ 140 mesh sieves, by solid-liquid ratio 1:4 ~ 6 ratio is added portionwise into 80% ~ 90% petroleum ether aqueous solution, passes through ultrasonic cell-break Instrument acts on 5 ~ 10min, and then 45 ~ 65 DEG C of constant temperature, which is stood, extracts 2 ~ 3h, and petroleum ether solvent is reclaimed in vacuum distillation after the completion of extraction, is obtained To rough extraction of essential oil thing.

（2）Beta-schardinger dextrin and enough water are mixed into saturation, added（1）Described rough extraction of essential oil thing is mixed Close, luffa be put into the water added with urea 20 ~ 30h of immersion, after the completion of pull dryness in the sun out, be put into foregoing mixed liquor In, 5 ~ 10 DEG C of low temperature is placed 15 ~ 25h and is coated with, after the completion of pull luffa out, the drying under the conditions of 60 ~ 80 DEG C.

（3）Mixing manioc waste, brown sugar residue and other following residual components being not directed to, add brewery and filter your environmental sealing Fermentation 20 ~ 25 days, after the completion of spread fermentation material out and dry and disperse smell in 5 ~ 7 days, the ball milling that adds water adds medical stone granule into slurry, Fermentation slurry is set to be wrapped in particle surface after stirring.

（4）Finally will（2）The luffa with（3）Gained fermentation material is mixed, and keeps water content 20 ~ 30%.

By testing and screening, some plant tissues rich in insect resistace are added as major ingredient, incidentally using the wooden leaf of pepper auxiliary Material：Eucalyptus leaves, Mikania micrantha, Folium Meliae, orange peel and jackfruit pomace composition, ground 80 ~ 120 mesh lyophilized by low-temp low-pressure The powder of sieve, the granularity of material is smaller, the progress of easier extraction process, then by the powder of grinding and organic solvent 80% ~ The 90% petroleum ether aqueous solution presses solid-liquid ratio 1:After 4 ~ 6 ratio mixing, 5 ~ 10min is acted in ultrasonic cell disruption instrument, it is permanent 45 ~ 65 DEG C of temperature, which is stood, extracts 2 ~ 3h, reclaims petroleum ether using Rotary Evaporators vacuum distillation after the completion of extraction, petroleum ether solvent can Reuse.Solvent is while extraction essential oil, and other active components of plants also can be by a certain degree of extraction, other Material includes some terpenoids, derivative of fatty acid, alkaloid, flavone compound and nitrogen-containing compound indoles etc., While by ultrasonic disruption, cell release content preferably carries out the progress of extraction step.The extract so obtained The essential oil not only extracted containing emphasis of the present invention, also includes the cell extract of various fresh plant tissues, improves crop to evil Worm walks quickly and keeps away effect, while be conducive to the growth of plant.

Although the Extracts from Plant Recourses of extraction has good repellent effect to insect above, organic matter is belonged to after all Category, itself belong to the material of structure class, once destructurized, its due effect can also be affected, particularly one Denier is exposed in natural environment, it is easy to neutralized by rugged environment, and most importantly this extract is a kind of to walk quickly and keep away Insect-pest effect is reached, if its action effect effective time under natural environment is too short, estimated effect well will not had Really, thus invention by it using the stalk of crops as carrier, be made a kind of matrix of plantation, rather than fertilizer directly applies fertilizer like that Mode is shed in big field.

Allow matrix of the extract with planting to lump together, crop field or nursery are together discharged into itself as a unit Or the preparation in small sections of a vegetable plot, because prior plant extracts is just blended with matrix, belong to the combination of unified system, so less Can be by environment too much influence.Invention is coated with the essence oil lamp vegetable active extract extracted using beta-schardinger dextrin as coating agent, Its action time and effect can preferably be played.

The object fixed using stalk as extraction of essential oil liquid and beta-schardinger dextrin mixing and absorption, one side stalk belongs to organic Matter, pollution is not resulted in when as planting matrix, while the reservoir storage under stalk short texture, dampness is high, Suction after extraction of essential oil liquid and beta-schardinger dextrin mixed liquor, extraction of essential oil thing is just fixed in drying process, last stalk can be made For the structure-steel framing of matrix, keep matrix to breathe freely, prevent hardened, prevent germ and pest and disease damage also of great advantage for matrix.

Beneficial effects of the present invention：Luffa is used for watermelon seedlings nutritive cube, luffa belongs to the vascular bundle of unfresh towel gourd, With very strong toughness and water absorbing capacity, wherein surface has also been coated with the derived essential oil of volatile plant repellent action, can be with Bacterium infection is avoided to addle the interference with pest and disease damage well, wherein using the coated essential oil of cyclodextrin, with permanent well Property, protect the survival rate of watermelon seedlings.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

A kind of special culture medium of watermelon seedlings nutritive cube, by following weight（Kg）Raw material be made：Chinese prickly ash wood leaf 55, other plants The fresh material 26 of thing tissue, 80% ~ 90% petroleum ether aqueous solution 45, beta-schardinger dextrin 14, luffa 80, manioc waste 24, brown sugar residue 40, brewery Filter mud 18, water hyacinth powder 30, medical stone granule 18, leaf mould 6, urea 1, seawood meal 8 and appropriate water；

The fresh material of other plant tissue is by following weight（Kg）Raw material be made：Eucalyptus leaves 12, Mikania micrantha 8, Folium Meliae 24, tangerine Skin 20 and jackfruit pomace 16.

The preparation method of the special culture medium of watermelon seedlings nutritive cube, this method includes following steps,

（1）The wooden leaf of Chinese prickly ash and the fresh material of other plant are mixed, the material, ground 120 mesh are dried by way of lyophilized Sieve, by solid-liquid ratio 1:5 ratio is added portionwise into 80% ~ 90% petroleum ether aqueous solution, is acted on by ultrasonic cell disruption instrument 8min, then 55 DEG C of constant temperature, which is stood, extracts 2.5h, and petroleum ether solvent is reclaimed in vacuum distillation after the completion of extraction, is obtained rough essential oil and is carried Take thing.

（2）Beta-schardinger dextrin and enough water are mixed into saturation, added（1）Described rough extraction of essential oil thing is mixed Close, luffa is put into the water added with urea and soaks 22h, after the completion of pull dryness in the sun out, be put into foregoing mixed liquor, it is low Temperature 7 DEG C place 20h be coated with, after the completion of pull luffa out, under the conditions of 65 DEG C drying.

（3）Mixing manioc waste, brown sugar residue and other following residual components being not directed to, add brewery and filter your environmental sealing Fermentation 22 days, after the completion of spread fermentation material out and dry and disperse smell in 5 ~ 7 days, the ball milling that adds water adds medical stone granule, stirring into slurry After fermentation slurry is wrapped in particle surface.

（4）Finally will（2）The luffa with（3）Gained fermentation material is mixed, and keeps water content 20 ~ 30%.

Test group is set, the special culture medium of watermelon seedlings nutritive cube of the present invention is used for the system of watermelon seedlings nutritive cube It is standby, matrix is put into nutritive cube.

Control group is set, in the planting matrix used, the unlocked rough extraction of essential oil thing of luffa of addition, other into Divide consistent with matrix of the invention with preparation method, management all same of the later stage for watermelon seedlings.

As a result：More preferably, pest and disease damage incidence is low for the watermelon seedlings growing way of test group plantation, and survival rate is high, big for the later stage Field transplanting and in the future yield, which have, to be obviously improved.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of special culture medium of watermelon seedlings nutritive cube, it is characterised in that：It is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Chinese prickly ash wood Leaf 45 ~ 65, the fresh material 20 ~ 30 of other plant tissue, 80% ~ 90% petroleum ether aqueous solution 30 ~ 50, beta-schardinger dextrin 10 ~ 20, luffa 60 ~ 100, manioc waste 20 ~ 30, brown sugar residue 35 ~ 45, brewery's filter mud 15 ~ 25, water hyacinth powder 20 ~ 35, medical stone granule 10 ~ 22, rotted leaf Soil 5 ~ 10, urea 1 ~ 2, seawood meal 5 ~ 12 and appropriate water；

The fresh material of other plant tissue is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Eucalyptus leaves 10 ~ 15, Mikania micrantha 5 ~ 10, Folium Meliae 20 ~ 30, orange peel 15 ~ 25 and jackfruit pomace 10 ~ 20.

2. the preparation method of the special culture medium of watermelon seedlings nutritive cube according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：This method Comprising following steps,

（1）The wooden leaf of Chinese prickly ash and the fresh material of other plant are mixed, the material is dried by way of lyophilized, ground 100 ~ 140 mesh sieves, by solid-liquid ratio 1:4 ~ 6 ratio is added portionwise into 80% ~ 90% petroleum ether aqueous solution, passes through ultrasonic cell-break Instrument acts on 5 ~ 10min, and then 45 ~ 65 DEG C of constant temperature, which is stood, extracts 2 ~ 3h, and petroleum ether solvent is reclaimed in vacuum distillation after the completion of extraction, is obtained To rough extraction of essential oil thing；

（2）Beta-schardinger dextrin and enough water are mixed into saturation, added（1）Described rough extraction of essential oil thing mixing, will Luffa is put into the water added with urea 20 ~ 30h of immersion, after the completion of pull dryness in the sun out, be put into foregoing mixed liquor, low temperature 5 ~ 10 DEG C place 15 ~ 25h be coated with, after the completion of pull luffa out, under the conditions of 60 ~ 80 DEG C drying；

（3）Mixing manioc waste, brown sugar residue and other following residual components being not directed to, add brewery and filter your environmental sealing fermentation 20 ~ 25 days, after the completion of spread fermentation material out and dry and disperse smell in 5 ~ 7 days, the ball milling that adds water adds medical stone granule, stirring into slurry After fermentation slurry is wrapped in particle surface；

（4）Finally will（2）The luffa with（3）Gained fermentation material is mixed, and keeps water content 20 ~ 30%.