CN108793995A - 一种Nb2O5掺杂BaTiO3基片式PTC热敏陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种Nb2O5掺杂BaTiO3基片式PTC热敏陶瓷及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种Nb2O5掺杂BaTiO3基片式PTC热敏陶瓷及其制备方法。该样品的组成化学式为Ba m (Ti1‑x Nb x )O3+y SiO2,其中m=0.994mol%~1.018mol%;x=0.2mol%~0.8mol%;y=0.01mol%~0.10mol%。本发明采用湿法流延工艺技术制备出Nb2O5掺杂BaTiO3基片式PTC生坯体,通过还原‑再氧化的共烧结工艺制备出片式PTC热敏陶瓷。而且通过B位施主替换法,引入Nb2O5作为施主掺杂剂,对样品进行掺杂改性和性能优化,得到了较低电阻的片式PTC热敏电阻,且还原气氛烧结有利于拓宽施主掺杂剂的半导化区间。采用优化和调控样品的化学计量比,制作出高偏化学计量比(Ba/Ti比位于1.003~1.006范围内)的片式PTC热敏陶瓷,这样不仅可以获得较低的室温电阻而且还可以获得较大的升阻比,解决了该样品的低电阻和高升阻比难以同时匹配的相互矛盾难题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能陶瓷材料技术领域,其具体涉及Nb2O5掺杂BaTiO3基片式PTC热敏陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着微电子技术和表面贴装技术(SMT)的快速地发展,促进了电子陶瓷材料及其元器件朝着微型化、片式化和集成化方向发展,目前,片式PTC热敏材料与器件已成为一个研究热点,它已广泛地应用于低压电路中起过流和过热保护作用。首先,德国西门子公司首先提出制造片式热敏电阻元件,其次,日本的村田公司成功地制备出了多层片式PTC热敏电阻,并且实现了产业化生产。而我国学者在该领域的研究起步较晚,涌现出了一些研究机构,如:华中科技大学教育部敏感陶瓷工程研究中心、中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所、中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所等。直到如今,国内在片式PTC热敏电阻领域还尚未实现产业化,但市场对该类器件的需求量是日益剧增。
近年来,在美国专利US20080204187A1中他们采用流延法制备出了钛酸钡基片式PTC热敏陶瓷,研究了Ba位和Ti位的原子比值(0.996至1.008)对样品的电性能以及PTC效应的影响,同时还研究了在不同的施主掺杂剂对样品PTC特性的影响,如:Y2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3等A位施主添加剂。该实验得出样品的相对密度为70%,并且获得了较好的PTC效应。但该未明确最佳的化学计量比值的范围,也未指出施主掺杂含量的最佳半导化区域,尤其是没提到B位施主掺杂剂对BaTiO3基片式PTC陶瓷样品的电性能的影响。在化学计量比的实验研究方面,Hideaki Niimi等人(J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2007, 90(6): 1817–1821)研究了Ba/Ti比对CaCO3掺杂半导体BaTiO3基陶瓷[(Bam-0.202Ca0.2La0.002)TiO3 + 0.01SiO2] 的PTC效应的影响,他采用了水基流延法制备出了片式PTC样品(样品的尺寸:3.2mm × 2.5mm ×0.8mm),然后把样品在还原气氛(氧分压为1.0 × 10-19 MPa)中1350℃烧结2 h,并在空气中800℃再氧化热处理1 h。结果表明:当1.005 ≤ {(Ba+Ca+La) / Ti} ≤ 1.010时,该样品可以展示出较好的PTC效应,其中m为1.005的样品的PTC效应是最好的,其升阻比为2个数量级。然而,该研究存在着升阻比不高的问题。为了解决室温电阻与升阻比矛盾的问题,我们需要更加深入地研究Ba/Ti比和施主掺杂剂对BaTiO3基片式热敏陶瓷的电性能和PTC效应的影响。
综上所述,为了解决钛酸钡基片式PTC热敏陶瓷的室温电阻和升阻比相互矛盾的问题,我们必须寻找一些新的制备方法。为此,我们提出了添加B位施主掺杂剂,以及深入地研究基于B位施主掺杂剂的不通化学计量比来调控该片式PTC热敏陶瓷的室温电阻和升阻比。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于,针对钛酸钡基片式PTC热敏陶瓷的室温电阻和升阻比相互矛盾的缺陷,提供一种Nb2O5掺杂BaTiO3基片式PTC热敏陶瓷及其制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是: 一种Nb2O5掺杂BaTiO3基片式PTC热敏陶瓷,其特征在于,该样品的组成化学式为Ba m (Ti1-x Nb x )O3 + y SiO2,其中m = 0.994mol ~ 1.018 mol;x = 0.2 mol% ~ 0.8 mol%;y = 0.01mol% ~ 0.10 mol%。
一种Nb2O5掺杂BaTiO3基片式PTC热敏陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1.按照化学式Ba m (Ti1-x Nb x )O3 + y SiO2来配置样品粉体,将其置于高能球磨机中球磨90 min,球磨机的转速为2400 r/min,接着经过干燥、过筛后将粉体装进坩埚内,再置于箱式高温炉中1150℃预烧2 h,生成BaTiO3基粉体材料;
2.将预烧后的粉体再次进行行星式球磨5 h,接着经过干燥、过筛;
3.在粉体中加入粘合剂、分散剂、增塑剂和消泡剂,然后置于卧室球磨机上球磨18 h,形成流延浆料;
4.采用流延成型工艺方法将浆料制成厚度为50 μm的生坯片,交错地印刷Ni内电极,叠层压片和切片,在样品的二端形成一种并联结构,如图1所示,制备出片式PTC热敏陶瓷材料的生坯体;
5.将生坯体置于管式气氛炉内在3% H2/N2还原气氛中1190℃烧结0.5~6 h,获得片式PTC陶瓷;
6.将烧结后的片式PTC陶瓷放在箱式炉内在空气中600~900℃进行再氧化热处理,已重新获得PTC效应;
7.在样品的二端表面上涂上一层电极,利用低阻数字万用表和电阻-温度测试系统来测试样品的PTC效应。
本发明具有如下优点:
1.采用湿法流延工艺技术制备出Nb2O5掺杂BaTiO3基片式PTC生坯体,通过还原-再氧化的共烧结工艺制备出片式PTC热敏陶瓷。
2.通过B位施主替换法,引入Nb2O5作为施主掺杂剂,对样品进行掺杂改性和性能优化,得到了较低电阻的片式PTC热敏电阻,且还原气氛烧结有利于拓宽施主掺杂剂的半导化区间。
3.采用优化和调控样品的化学计量比,制作出高偏化学计量比(Ba/Ti比位于1.003~1.006范围内)的片式PTC热敏陶瓷,这样不仅可以获得较低的室温电阻而且还可以获得较大的升阻比,解决了该样品的低电阻和高升阻比难以同时匹配的相互矛盾难题。
附图说明
图1 具有二对Ni内电极的片式PTC热敏陶瓷的结构示意图;
图2 典型样品的电阻-温度特性曲线。
符号说明:1a ~ 1b:BaTiO3基材料; 2a ~ 2b:Ni内电极;3b:In-Ga端电极 。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明作详细的描述。
实施例1
(1)BaTiO3基片式PTC热敏材料粉体的制备
BaTiO3基片式PTC热敏材料的组分按照下面的公式:
Ba m (Ti1-x Nb x )O3 + y SiO2,其中m = 0.994 、0.997、1.000、1.003、1.006、1.012、1.018mol;x = 0.35 mol%;y = 0.05 mol%。对应样品分别用SP1、SP2、SP3、SP4、SP5、SP6和SP7来标记。按上式比例依次称量BaCO3、SiO2、Nb2O5和TiO2,称量时还需考虑这些物质的纯度。BaCO3、SiO2、Nb2O5和TiO2的纯度校正方法分别为:高温酌减量法、重量法、高温酌减量法和氧化还原滴定法,得出他们相应的纯度分别为:99.8%、99.99%、99.99%和99.8%。以ZrO2球作为球磨介质,加入适量的去离子水,水的电阻应高于1MΩ以上,将称量好的混合物放入高能球磨机内球磨和混合90 min,球磨机的转速为2400 rpm。将球磨后的浆料放入115℃的烘箱内干燥16 ~ 18 h,水分控制在4~10%范围内,如果浆料过稀,那烘干时间会更长。而一旦过度洪干那混好的浆料会因润湿性或密度差别而分离,可能会出现表层结皮现象等。因而,烘干后的料应进行过筛,筛子的网孔径应选择45目。将过筛后的粉料装入坩埚内,用坩埚圆盖挤压结实,然后用细玻璃棒在粉料中均匀地打7个小孔,先在箱式炉的底部放置一些V型锆条,然后将坩埚都置于二根锆条的上面,接着这些粉料需在1150℃下预烧2 h,预烧升温速率应控制在250℃/h为宜。如果升温速率过快,粉体内的CO2气体就来不及流出而形成灰色或者黑色心。
将预烧后的粉体倒入研钵内打碎和研细,再倒入聚氨酯球磨罐内,以ZrO2球作为球磨介质,加入适量的去离子水,使得料:球:水的质量比是1 : 2 : 1.3,在南大行星式球磨机上球磨5小时,再次将球磨后的浆料放入烘箱内在115℃干燥16 ~ 18 h, 再过60目的筛子,最后钛酸钡基片式PTC热敏材料的粉体就制备好了。
(2)制备流延浆料
本发明采用了湿法流延工艺技术,将(1)中制备好的300g粉末装入尼龙罐中,加入54g无水乙醇、0.90g消泡剂、90g甲苯和0.90g分散剂,以ZrO2球作为球磨介质,在卧式球磨机上混料5 ~ 8 h,球磨机的转速控制在120 rpm;然后加入84g粘合剂,再次放在卧式球磨机上继续球磨8~10 h,制成流延浆料。
(3)流延片和生坯体样品的制备
为了除去浆料内残留的少量气泡,需将(2)中制备好的流延浆料过300目尼农筛,以便于流延制备出稳定的、无气孔的和均匀的薄生坯片。利用大型钢带流延机制备出厚为55 µm的生坯片,在50℃下先在钢板上用15 MPa的压力压一层生粉膜,再用相同的压力压三层生坯片,作为Ni电极的保护层,然后用丝网印刷Ni电极浆料,拿到50℃烘箱中烘3 min,紧接着在其上面再压一层生坯片,在纵向方向上平移一下丝网的位置,与前一个电极的位置相比可以形成一个错位,再次印刷Ni电极浆料,在50℃烘箱中再烘3 min,然后继续交替地压生坯片和印Ni电极,多层叠压在一起,最上面还需要连续地压3层生坯体,以形成保护层,最后进行等静压,然后将之切成长宽厚分别为:3.8 mm、1.6 mm和1.4 mm的生坯体样品,制备出片式PTC热敏材料生坯体。
(4)共烧结成型技术
将生坯体样品整齐地排在锆板上面,再将之放入烘箱内从室温经过32 h后才加热至330℃,并在330℃保温6 h,而后在2 h内降至室温。这时我们就可以很容易地除去样品表面上的一层生粉膜。
接下来,我们将样品放入刚玉氧化铝真空管式炉内,抽完真空后,通入3% H2/N2还原气体在1190℃烧结2 h,气体流速在1个标准大气压下控制在200 cm3/min以内,升温和降温速率分别均为200℃/h,当温度降至800℃时就随炉冷却了。将烧结后的样品放入箱式炉内在600℃下再氧化热处理1 h,升温速率和降温速率均为300℃/h。
(5)涂电极和性能测试
用砂纸研磨片式PTC热敏陶瓷元件的二端,除去样品表面上Ni被氧化的层面,用棉签清理样品表面上的灰尘,在样品的二个端面上涂In-Ga电极,用低电阻测试仪表测量其室温电阻,使用华中科技大学研究的电阻-温度特性测试系统来测试样品的阻温特性曲线,它以1.6 ℃/min的速率从室温升至250℃,每个测试温度点需要保温2 min。
该Nb2O5掺杂BaTiO3基片式PTC热敏材料在还原气氛中1190℃烧结2 h,并在空气中600℃再氧化热处理1 h后样品的室温电阻随着Ba/Ti比的增加而呈现出先减小后增大的变化趋势,其升阻比(Rmax/Rmin))则呈现出相反的变化趋势。尤其是Ba/Ti比为1.006的片式PTC热敏陶瓷展示一个最好的PTC效应,其室温电阻和升阻比分别为0.11 Ω和1.08 × 103,该样品的平均晶粒尺寸大小为1.1 μm。具体的电性能如表所示。
实施例2
(1)BaTiO3基片式PTC热敏材料粉体的制备
基于例1我们可以得出m为1.006时片式样品可以获得较好的PTC特性,所以,本发明的样品的组分按照下面的公式Ba m (Ti1-x Nb x )O3 + y SiO2,其中m = 1.006 mol;x = 0.35mol%;y = 0.05 mol%。对应样品用SP5标记。按上式比例依次称量BaCO3、SiO2、Nb2O5和TiO2,以ZrO2球作为球磨介质,加入适量的去离子水,将称量好的混合物放入高能球磨机内球磨和混合90 min,球磨机的转速为2400 rpm。将球磨后的浆料放入115℃的烘箱内干燥16 ~18 h,经烘干、再将过45目筛后的粉料装入坩埚内,用坩埚圆盖挤压结实,然后用细玻璃棒在粉料中均匀地打7个小孔,先在箱式炉的底部放置一些V型锆条,然后将坩埚都置于二根锆条的上面,接着这些粉料需在1150℃下预烧2 h,预烧升温速率应控制在250℃/h为宜。
将预烧后的粉体倒入研钵内打碎和研细,再倒入聚氨酯球磨罐内,以ZrO2球作为球磨介质,加入适量的去离子水,使得料:球:水的质量比是1 : 2 : 1.3,在行星式球磨机上球磨5小时,再次将球磨后的浆料放入烘箱内在115℃干燥16 ~ 18 h, 再过60目的筛子,最后钛酸钡基片式PTC热敏材料的粉体就制备好了。
(2)制备流延浆料
本发明采用了湿法流延工艺技术,将(1)中制备好的300g粉末装入尼龙罐中,加入54g无水乙醇、0.90g消泡剂、90g甲苯和0.90g分散剂,以ZrO2球作为球磨介质,在卧式球磨机上混料5 ~ 8 h,球磨机的转速控制在120 rpm;然后加入84g粘合剂,再次放在卧式球磨机上继续球磨8~10 h,制成流延浆料。
(3)流延片和生坯体样品的制备
为了除去浆料内残留的少量气泡,需将(2)中制备好的流延浆料过300目尼农筛,以便于流延制备出稳定的、无气孔的和均匀的薄生坯片。利用大型钢带流延机制备出厚为55 µm的生坯片,在50℃下先在钢板上用15 MPa的压力压一层生粉膜,再用相同的压力压三层生坯片,作为Ni电极的保护层,然后用丝网印刷Ni电极浆料,拿到50℃烘箱中烘3 min,紧接着在其上面再压一层生坯片,在纵向方向上平移一下丝网的位置,与前一个电极的位置相比可以形成一个错位,再次印刷Ni电极浆料,在50℃烘箱中再烘3 min,然后继续交替地压生坯片和印Ni电极,多层叠压在一起,最上面还需要连续地压3层生坯体,以形成保护层,最后进行等静压,然后将之切成长宽厚分别为:3.8 mm、1.6 mm和1.4 mm的生坯体样品,制备出片式PTC热敏材料生坯体。
(4)共烧结成型技术
将生坯体样品整齐地排在锆板上面,再将之放入烘箱内从室温经过32 h后才加热至330℃,并在330℃保温6 h,而后在2 h内降至室温。这时我们就可以很容易地除去样品表面上的一层生粉膜。
接下来,我们将样品放入刚玉氧化铝真空管式炉内,抽完真空后,通入3% H2/N2还原气体在1190℃烧结0.5 h、1 h、2 h、4 h和6 h(分别用SP8、SP9、SP10、SP11、SP12),气体流速在1个标准大气压下控制在200 cm3/min以内,升温和降温速率分别均为200℃/h,当温度降至800℃时就随炉冷却了。将烧结后的样品放入箱式炉内在800℃下再氧化热处理1 h,升温速率和降温速率均为300℃/h。
(5)涂电极和性能测试
用砂纸研磨片式PTC热敏陶瓷元件的二端,除去样品表面上Ni被氧化的层面,用棉签清理样品表面上的灰尘,在样品的二个端面上涂In-Ga电极,用低电阻测试仪表测量其室温电阻,使用华中科技大学研究的电阻-温度特性测试系统来测试样品的阻温特性曲线,它以1.6 ℃/min的速率从室温升至250℃,每个测试温度点需要保温2 min。
该BaTiO3基片式PTC陶瓷的平均晶粒尺寸和相对密度随着烧结时间的增加而增大,而其室温电阻随着烧结时间的增大而减小,升阻比则呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势。尤其是在1190℃烧结2 h的片式PTC热敏陶瓷展示一个最好的PTC特性,其室温电阻和升阻比分别为0.14 Ω和4.0 × 103(如图2所示);该样品的相对密度为84.9%。具体的电性能如表所示。
实施例3
(1)BaTiO3基片式PTC热敏材料粉体的制备
基于例1和例2,本发明的样品的组分按照下面的公式Ba m (Ti1-x Nb x )O3 + y SiO2,其中m= 1.006 mol;x = 0.35 mol%;y = 0.05 mol%。对应样品用SP5标记。按上式比例依次称量BaCO3、SiO2、Nb2O5和TiO2,以ZrO2球作为球磨介质,加入适量的去离子水,将称量好的混合物放入高能球磨机内球磨和混合90 min,球磨机的转速为2400 rpm。将球磨后的浆料放入115℃的烘箱内干燥16 ~ 18 h,经烘干、再将过45目筛后的粉料装入坩埚内,用坩埚圆盖挤压结实,然后用细玻璃棒在粉料中均匀地打7个小孔,先在箱式炉的底部放置一些V型锆条,然后将坩埚都置于二根锆条的上面,接着这些粉料需在1150℃下预烧2 h,预烧升温速率应控制在250℃/h为宜。
将预烧后的粉体倒入研钵内打碎和研细,再倒入聚氨酯球磨罐内,以ZrO2球作为球磨介质,加入适量的去离子水,使得料:球:水的质量比是1 : 2 : 1.3,在行星式球磨机上球磨5小时,再次将球磨后的浆料放入烘箱内在115℃干燥16 ~ 18 h, 再过60目的筛子,最后钛酸钡基片式PTC热敏材料的粉体就制备好了。
(2)制备流延浆料
本发明采用了湿法流延工艺技术,将(1)中制备好的300g粉末装入尼龙罐中,加入54g无水乙醇、0.90g消泡剂、90g甲苯和0.90g分散剂,以ZrO2球作为球磨介质,在卧式球磨机上混料5 ~ 8 h,球磨机的转速控制在120 rpm;然后加入84g粘合剂,再次放在卧式球磨机上继续球磨8~10 h,制成流延浆料。
(3)流延片和生坯体样品的制备
为了除去浆料内残留的少量气泡,需将(2)中制备好的流延浆料过300目尼农筛,以便于流延制备出稳定的、无气孔的和均匀的薄生坯片。利用大型钢带流延机制备出厚为55 µm的生坯片,在50℃下先在钢板上用15 MPa的压力压一层生粉膜,再用相同的压力压三层生坯片,作为Ni电极的保护层,然后用丝网印刷Ni电极浆料,拿到50℃烘箱中烘3 min,紧接着在其上面再压一层生坯片,在纵向方向上平移一下丝网的位置,与前一个电极的位置相比可以形成一个错位,再次印刷Ni电极浆料,在50℃烘箱中再烘3 min,然后继续交替地压生坯片和印Ni电极,多层叠压在一起,最上面还需要连续地压3层生坯体,以形成保护层,最后进行等静压,然后将之切成长宽厚分别为:3.8 mm、1.6 mm和1.4 mm的生坯体样品,制备出片式PTC热敏材料生坯体。
(4)共烧结成型技术
将生坯体样品整齐地排在锆板上面,再将之放入烘箱内从室温经过32 h后才加热至330℃,并在330℃保温6 h,而后在2 h内降至室温。这时我们就可以很容易地除去样品表面上的一层生粉膜。
接下来,我们将样品放入刚玉氧化铝真空管式炉内,抽完真空后,通入3% H2/N2还原气体在1190℃烧结2 h,气体流速在1个标准大气压下控制在200 cm3/min以内,升温和降温速率分别均为200℃/h,当温度降至800℃时就随炉冷却了。将烧结后的样品放入箱式炉内在650℃下再氧化热处理0 h、1 h、2 h、6 h、8 h(分别用SP13、SP14、SP15、SP16、SP17),升温速率和降温速率均为300℃/h。
(5)涂电极和性能测试
用砂纸研磨片式PTC热敏陶瓷元件的二端,除去样品表面上Ni被氧化的层面,用棉签清理样品表面上的灰尘,在样品的二个端面上涂In-Ga电极,用低电阻测试仪表测量其室温电阻,使用华中科技大学研究的电阻-温度特性测试系统来测试样品的阻温特性曲线,它以1.6 ℃/min的速率从室温升至250℃,每个测试温度点需要保温2 min。
该BaTiO3基片式PTC陶瓷的室温电阻随着再氧化时间的增加而增大,而其升阻比则呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势。尤其是在650℃再氧化6 h的片式PTC热敏陶瓷展示一个最好的PTC特性,其室温电阻和升阻比分别为0.23 Ω和1.5 × 103。具体的电性能如表所示:
Claims (2)
1.一种Nb2O5掺杂BaTiO3基片式PTC热敏陶瓷,其特征在于,该样品的组成化学式为Ba m (Ti1-x Nb x )O3 + y SiO2,其中m = 0.994 mol% ~ 1.018 mol%;x = 0.2 mol% ~ 0.8 mol%;y= 0.01mol% ~ 0.10 mol%。
2.一种Nb2O5掺杂BaTiO3基片式PTC热敏陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下具体步骤:
1) 按照化学式Ba m (Ti1-x Nb x )O3 + y SiO2来配置样品粉体,将其置于高能球磨机中球磨90 min,球磨机的转速为2400 r/min,接着经过干燥、过筛后将粉体装进坩埚内,再置于箱式高温炉中1150℃预烧2 h,生成BaTiO3基粉体材料;
2)将预烧后的粉体再次进行行星式球磨5 h,接着经过干燥、过筛;
3)在粉体中加入粘合剂、分散剂、增塑剂和消泡剂,然后置于卧室球磨机上球磨18 h,形成流延浆料;
4)采用流延成型工艺方法将浆料制成厚度为50 μm的生坯片,交错地印刷Ni内电极,叠层压片和切片,在样品的二端形成一种并联结构,如图1所示,制备出片式PTC热敏陶瓷材料的生坯体;
5)将生坯体置于管式气氛炉内在3% H2/N2还原气氛中1190℃烧结0.5~6 h,获得片式PTC陶瓷;
6)将烧结后的片式PTC陶瓷放在箱式炉内在空气中600~900℃进行再氧化热处理,已重新获得PTC效应;
7)在样品的二端表面上涂上一层电极,利用低阻数字万用表和电阻-温度测试系统来测试样品的PTC效应。
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CN110065966A (zh) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-07-30 | 广东石油化工学院 | 一种黑化钛酸钡材料的制备方法 |
CN114591078A (zh) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-06-07 | 肇庆学院 | 一种BaTiO3基片式PTC热敏陶瓷及其制备方法 |
CN114591078B (zh) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-10-28 | 肇庆学院 | 一种BaTiO3基片式PTC热敏陶瓷及其制备方法 |
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