CN108753834B - ddx27基因缺失斑马鱼突变体的制备方法 - Google Patents
ddx27基因缺失斑马鱼突变体的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种斑马鱼ddx27基因缺失突变体的制备方法;包括如下步骤:确定ddx27基因敲除的靶点在斑马鱼ddx27基因第6个外显子上,设计gRNA序列;以pUC19‑‑gRNA scaffold质粒为模板,使用引物T7‑ddx27‑sfd、tracr rev进行PCR扩增;PCR产物纯化、体外转录获得gRNA;将gRNA与Cas9蛋白导入斑马鱼中,培养获得稳定遗传的ddx27基因突变体。另外,本发明还公开了ddx27基因缺失斑马鱼突变体的表型,对于研究其生物学功能有重要作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分子生物学领域,具体涉及一种利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术,获得ddx27基因缺失斑马鱼突变体的具体方法。
背景技术
CRISPR/Cas系统属于细菌和古细菌的适应性免疫防御机制。它是在生物不断进化的过程中产生,用来保护自身基因组免受外源核酸的干扰。1987年大阪大学(OsakaUniversity)的研究人员在Escherichia coli K12的碱性磷酸酶基因附近发现了成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromicrepeat,CRISPR)和CRISPR相关基因(CRISPR-associated genes,Cas gene)。CRISPR RNA(crRNA)以碱基互补的形式引导Cas蛋白识别入侵的外源基因组,并对其DNA进行剪切。根据Cas蛋白的序列和结构将CRISPR/Cas系统分为I型、II型和III型。I和II型CRISPR-Cas系统可以降解外源DNA,而III型CRISPR-Cas系统不仅可以降解外源DNA,还可以降解外源RNA。另外,I和III型CRISPR-Cas系统介导的外源核酸的降解需要多种Cas蛋白共同参与,而II型CRISPR-Cas系统则只需要一个单一的Cas9蛋白,它的这一特点,使得II型Cas9迅速在生物学领域得到了广泛的应用。II型CRISPR/Cas系统即CRISPR/Cas9系统,已被发展成为一套理想的程序化的基因编辑工具。Cas9介导的基因编辑依赖两个连续的步骤:首先,Cas9核酸内切酶在crRNA的介导下对基因组DNA进行剪切;然后,DNA的DSB会被细胞内天然的DNA修复系统进行修复。
相比于传统的基因编辑技术,CRISPR/Cas9具有更高效率,更方便操作,具有以下优点:
1.只需要合成一个gRNA即可实现对基因的特异性修饰,Cas蛋白不具有特异性,
2.编码gRNA的序列不超过150bp,便于构建,
3.较短的gRNA序列也避免了超长编码载体对机体造成的不良影响。
已有研究显示DExD/H-box家族作为RNA解旋酶超家族成员之一参与RNA代谢的各个方面。它们存在于利用RNA解旋酶或核糖核蛋白(ribonucleoprotein,RNP)酶的大多数生物体中。在细胞内该酶能水解核苷三磷酸(nucleotide triphosphate,NTP),与其他蛋白组成复合体发挥作用。DExD/H-box家族在几乎所有涉及RNA的细胞进程中发挥重要作用,如基因转录、mRNA前体剪接、mRNA输出、核糖体生成、翻译起始、细胞器基因表达、RNA降解等,影响RNA的生成及RNA的多态性,但是这些酶在体内的性质以及具体的功能研究仍较少描述。
已有报道多集中于临床肿瘤病例分析,DDX27高表达于癌变组织,促进细胞增殖以及集落形成,由此可作为潜在的治疗药物靶点。本发明利用斑马鱼这一模式生物,通过CRISPR/Cas9技术对其基因组进行基因编辑,实现目的基因的定位敲除,从而获得ddx27基因突变体,这将为后续的分子机制研究以及疾病建模方面的应用提供基础支持。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种ddx27基因缺失斑马鱼突变体的制备方法;本发明设计了新的gRNA靶点序列,设计在ddx27第六个外显子上,gRNA靶点序列为:GGACAGATTCATGTCCTGGA,从而对ddx27基因进行了敲除。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
本发明涉及一种通过CRISPR/Cas9技术制备斑马鱼ddx27基因缺失突变体的方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、确定ddx27基因敲除的靶点在斑马鱼ddx27基因第6个外显子上设计gRNA序列;
S2、设计合成gRNA的上游引物T7-ddx27-sfd、下游引物tracr rev;
S3、以pUC19-gRNA scaffold质粒为模板,使用引物T7-ddx27-sfd、tracr rev进行PCR扩增;
S4、对步骤S3的PCR产物进行体外转录,转化获得gRNA;
S5、将gRNA与Cas9蛋白导入斑马鱼中;
S6、培养获得稳定遗传的斑马鱼ddx27基因突变体。
优选的,步骤S1中,所述靶点序列为GGACAGATTCATGTCCTGGA(SEQ ID NO.1)。
下游引物R1(trans reverse),即引物tracr rev的序列为:
AAAAAAAGCACCGACTCGGTGCCAC(SEQ ID NO.3)
优选的,步骤S3中,所述pUC19-gRNA scaffold质粒的序列为GTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGCAAGTTAAAATAAGGCTAGTCCGTTATCAACTTGAAAAAGTGGCACCGAGTCGGTGCTTTTTTT(SEQ IDNO.7)。
优选的,步骤S4中,所述gRNA的序列为TAATACGACTCACTATAGGCATCTGCATGAATACACAGTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGCGGACAGATTCATGTCCTGGACGTTATCAACTTGAAAAAGTGGCACCGAGTCGGTGCTTTTTTT(SEQ ID NO.6)。
优选的,步骤S5中,将gRNA与Cas9蛋白导入斑马鱼具体为:将gRNA与Cas9蛋白混合,显微注射到斑马鱼一细胞期胚胎中;其中,gRNA终浓度为80-100ng/μL,Cas9蛋白终浓度为800ng/μL;总体积V=1μL。
优选的,步骤S6具体包括如下步骤:
A1、分别取导入gRNA与Cas9蛋白的斑马鱼以及野生型未注射的斑马鱼胚胎进行ddx27基因敲除检测,确定ddx27基因敲除阳性F0养至成鱼;
A2、将ddx27基因敲除阳性F0成鱼与野生型斑马鱼外交进行可遗传性及有效突变检测,筛选可遗传的有效突变F1进行喂养至成鱼;经基因型鉴定获得ddx27F1突变体斑马鱼;
A3、将相同突变的ddx27F1突变体斑马鱼内交,获得ddx27F2突变体斑马鱼;
A4、鉴定为F2代中ddx27基因敲除的纯合子即所述稳定遗传的斑马鱼ddx27基因突变体。
优选的,步骤A1中,ddx27基因敲除检测采用的引物序列包括:
上游引物ddx27-F:GAAAGGAAAGAGGAAAATGG(SEQ ID NO.4);
下游引物ddx27-R:TTCGTTGTTTGATTCCTATT(SEQ ID NO.5)。
更优选的,步骤S6包括如下步骤:
4.检测亲鱼待敲除的基因是否为纯合子:
4.1在靶点周围设计引物,使其距离靶位点两侧都大于100bp,且引物距离靶点的距离之差的绝对值大于100bp;
4.2选择一对健康的WT斑马鱼作为亲本,剪尾巴进行PCR,将PCR产物直接送去测序;
4.3要求实验材料(待注射的成鱼)对靶点序列为纯合子(分析峰图)。如果测序结果显示靶点序列为杂合子,最好重新选择实验材料。
5.显微注射:将gRNA与Cas9蛋白导入斑马鱼中,混合注射体系,使终浓度为:gRNA:80-100ng/μL;cas9蛋白:800ng/μL;总体积V=1μL。
6.注射当天晚上,需将死卵挑出,同时换一半新水,之后每天早晚换水一次,受精48h,T7E1酶检测敲除成功F0斑马鱼进行饲养。
7.3-4个月斑马鱼性成熟后,将突变的F0斑马鱼与野生型的斑马鱼杂交,得到一定概率的杂合子,收集胚胎提取基因组,使用检测引物进行PCR后,TA克隆送测序确定基因型,确定可遗传且为有效突变的F1斑马鱼进行饲养。
8.经过3-4个月后性成熟后,F1突变体斑马鱼成年的雄鱼与雌鱼再次剪尾巴,进行基因型鉴定筛选,将突变体斑马鱼再次交配,从而得到纯合ddx27基因缺失突变体斑马鱼。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1)首次利用CRISPR/Cas9技术设计一段特异的打靶位点,实现斑马鱼中ddx27基因的特异敲除。ddx27基因共编码776个氨基酸,而缺失27bp的突变体编码233个氨基酸,缺失14bp、5bp的突变体均编码238个氨基酸。
2)ddx27基因突变可稳定遗传,便于后续ddx27基因功能机制的深入研究。
3)ddx27-/-不同突变类型的突变体斑马鱼均出现纯合致死现象,约6-7dpf全部死亡。
4)ddx27-/-突变体斑马鱼表型严重,在3dpf时观察到小头,小眼,心包水肿等明显的发育迟缓、畸形的现象。
附图说明
图1为ddx27基因F0敲除检测;其中,(a)ddx27F0斑马鱼胚胎PCR产物凝胶电泳结果;(b)T7E1内切酶酶切鉴定凝胶电泳结果;(c)PCR产物测序峰图结果;
图2为ddx27F0germline transmission检测结果;其中,(a)、(b)T7E1内切酶酶切鉴定凝胶电泳结果;(c)PCR产物测序峰图结果;
图3为F1-ddx27成年斑马鱼基因型检测结果;其中,(a)部分T7E1内切酶酶切鉴定凝胶电泳结果;(b)PCR产物连接转化挑选单克隆测序序列比对结果;
图4为ddx27不同缺失类型突变体表型统计结果图(经卡方检验P>0.05,差异不显著,符合孟德尔遗传定律);其中,(a)ddx27-27bp表型比例统计图,(b)ddx27-14bp表型比例统计图,(c)ddx27-5bp表型比例统计图;
图5为ddx27不同缺失类型突变体&野生型表型对照图(3dpf);其中,(a)ddx27-27bp突变体&野生型表型对照图(3dpf),(b)ddx27-14bp突变体&野生型表型对照图(3dpf),(c)ddx27-5bp突变体&野生型表型对照图(3dpf),(d)ddx27-27bp突变体&野生型10尾表型对照图(3dpf),(e)ddx27-14bp突变体&野生型10尾表型对照图(3dpf),(f)ddx27-5bp突变体&野生型10尾表型对照图(3dpf);
图6为ddx27(-27bp)F2斑马鱼基因型检测凝胶电泳结果;
图7为ddx27(-14bp)F2斑马鱼基因型检测凝胶电泳结果;
图8为ddx27(-5bp)F2斑马鱼基因型检测凝胶电泳结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干调整和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例
1材料及设备
1.1实验用鱼
本实验中所用的斑马鱼均为AB品系,购置于中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所斑马鱼平台。
1.2质粒
pUC19-gRNAscaffold质粒来源于文献:Chang N,Sun C,Gao L,Zhu D,Xu X,ZhuX,Xiong JW,Xi JJ.Genome editing with RNA-guided Cas9nuclease in zebrafishembryos,Cell Res,2013,23(4):465-472。
在gRNA产物合成中用到的pUC19-gRNAscaffold质粒模板序列为:
GTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGCAAGTTAAAATAAGGCTAGTCCGTTATCAACTTGAAAAAGTGGCACCGAGTCGGTGCTTTTTTT(SEQ ID NO.7)。
1.3主要试剂
DNAClean&Contentrator-5(ZYMO RESEARCH,D4004),普通DNA纯化试剂盒(TIANGEN,DP204-03),T7in vitro Transcription Kit(Ambion,AM1314),乙醇(无水乙醇)(国药集团化学试剂有限公司,10009218),GenCrispr NLS-Cas9-NLS(金斯瑞,Z03389-25),Premix TaqTM(Ex TaqTMVersion 2.0plus dye)(TAKARA,RR902),DNAMarker I(TIANGEN,MD101-02),T7endonuclease 1(NEW ENGLANDInc.,M0302L),快速质粒小提试剂盒(TIANGEN,DP105),DH5a感受态细胞(天根生化科技有限公司,CB101-03),2BEasyTaq PCR SuperMix(+dye)(TAKARA,AS111-12),LB Broth(上海生工,D915KA6602),LB Broth agar(上海生工,D911KA6566),pMDTM19-T Vector Cloning Kit(TAKARA,6013)。
1.4主要仪器
PCR仪(品牌:BIO-RAD,型号:c1000TouchTM Thermal Cycler),小离心机(品牌:eppendorf,型号:Centrifuge 5424),震荡混匀仪(品牌:VORTEX-GENIE,型号:G560E),紫外分光光度计(品牌:Thermo Scientific,型号:Nanodrop 2000C),电泳仪(品牌:BIO-RAD,型号:PowerPac Basic),照胶仪(品牌:Bio-Rad,型号:Gel Doc EZ Imager),电子天平(品牌:METTLER TOLEDO,型号:AL104),玻璃毛细管(品牌:WPI,型号:TW100F-4),Milli-Q Direct8超纯水系统(品牌:Millipore,型号:Milli-Q Direct 8),垂直拉针仪(品牌:NARISHIGE,型号:PC-10),恒温摇床(品牌:Innova,型号:40R),磨针器(品牌:NARISHIGE,型号:EG-400),微量注射泵(品牌:WARNER,型号:PLI-100A),恒温水浴锅(品牌:精宏,型号:H1401438,DK-8D),4℃冰箱(品牌:Haier,型号:HYC-610),-40℃低温冰箱(品牌:Haier,型号:DW-40L508),-80℃超低温冰箱(品牌:Pana-sonic,型号:MDF-U53V),高压蒸汽灭菌锅(品牌:SANYO,型号:MLS-3780)。
2实验方法
2.1 gRNA合成
(1)靶点设计
a、下载序列:在Ensembl数据库查找并下载斑马鱼ddx27的基因序列。
b、靶点设计:利用http://zifit.partners.org/ZiFiT/ChoiceMenu.aspx网站在ddx27基因ATG之后的外显子序列上设计靶点(表1)。ddx27设计靶点在第六个外显子上。
c、靶点特异性检测:在NCBI网站将设计的靶点序列通过blast比对,验证靶位点特异性。
d、亲本检测:将用于基因敲除的WT斑马鱼剪尾并用碱裂解法获得基因组DNA,进行PCR扩增靶点附近的一段序列。
e、酶切检测:用T7E1内切酶酶切检测WT斑马鱼,看T7E1酶能否将扩增的片段切开,若切不开,则可用于后续敲除检测;若被切开,则需要根据扩增序列信息选择特异性的酶进行酶切检测。
f、测序鉴定:将PCR产物送测序,峰图及序列比对,确认亲本为纯合子,不存在自然突变,从而保证后续制备的突变体为基因敲除后造成的。
表1 ddx27靶位点序列
(2)设计检测引物:设计的引物应保证距离靶点两侧大于100bp,并且上下游引物到靶点的距离与下游引物到靶点的距离应相差大于100bp,至少50bp。引物扩增应具备特异性,扩增片段约500bp。引物在上海生工生物工程股份有限公司合成(表2)。
表2实验所用引物信息
(3)gRNA产物合成:以pUC19-gRNA scaffold质粒为模板,使用引物T7-ddx27-sfd、tracr rev和2×EasyTaq PCR Super Mix(+dye)扩增片段并用试剂盒纯化。
(4)体外转录:
反应体系:
表3
注意:最后添加10×Transcription Buffer和T7Enzyme mix
混匀并短暂离心后,37℃孵育80min;之后向体系中加入1μL TURBO DNase并混匀,短暂离心后37℃孵育15min。
(5)纯化gRNA:
a、向20μL体外转录体系中加入2.5μL 4M的LiCl和100μL体无水乙醇,混匀并短暂离心后放于-80℃冰箱至少1h。
b、到时间后从冰箱取出,4℃,12000rmp,离心15min。弃上清后用70%乙醇清洗沉淀。4℃,8000rmp,离心5min。弃上清后将离心管放于通风橱中使乙醇挥发干净。
c、根据沉淀大小加入适量DEPC水溶解gRNA沉淀。
d、用Nanodrop检测浓度和OD值并用电泳检测。
所述gRNA的序列为TAATACGACTCACTATAGGCATCTGCATGAATACACAGTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGCGGACAGATTCATGTCCTGGACGTTATCAACTTGAAAAAGTGGCACCGAGTCGGTGCTTTTTTT(SEQ IDNO.6)。
2.2显微注射
将gRNA与Cas9蛋白(购买于GenCrispr NLS-Cas9-NLS(金斯瑞,Z03389-25))混合,利用显微注射仪器将混合后的物质注射到斑马鱼一细胞期胚胎中,每次注射都留一批未注射的同批次胚胎作为对照组。混合注射终浓度:gRNA为100ng/μL,Cas9蛋白为800ng/μL。
2.3检测敲除是否成功及敲除效率(T7E1酶切检测)
a、提取鱼卵基因组
每组5枚卵,加35μL 50mM NaOH,95℃孵育20min,中间取出振荡,短暂离心一次。之后加3.5μL 1M的Tris·HCl(pH≈8.0),剧烈振荡混匀后离心。
b、PCR扩增目的片段
根据靶点附近设计的引物扩增目的片段。
PCR反应体系:
表4
H<sub>2</sub>O | to 25μL |
酶 | 12.5μL |
F | 0.5μL |
R | 0.5μL |
模板 | 10ng |
PCR反应条件:
98℃预变性2sec;98℃变性10sec,60.3℃退火30sec,72℃延伸1min,共32个循环;72℃再延伸5min;4℃保存。
2%琼脂糖凝胶120V电泳25min。
c、T7E1内切酶酶切检测
表5
H<sub>2</sub>O | to 10μL |
PCR产物 | 5μL |
Buffer | 1.1μL |
95℃孵育5min,冷却至室温,加0.25μL T7E1酶,37℃孵育45min。
d、电泳检测
电泳后利用凝胶电泳成像仪对电泳的琼脂糖凝胶成像,观察目的条带,判断敲除是否成功。
2.4 ddx27纯合突变体斑马鱼基因型鉴定
不同的缺失类型进行基因型筛选鉴定。
3实验结果
3.1 ddx27突变体的构建
3.1.1 ddx27F0基因敲除检测结果
T7E1酶切结果显示ddx27基因敲除成功。测序峰图显示在靶点处出现套峰,证明敲除成功(图1)。
3.1.2 ddx27F0germline transmission检测结果
取6尾ddx27F0基因检测敲除成功的成鱼与野生型斑马鱼外交,得到的F1胚胎5枚一管,取3-4管进行T7E1酶切鉴定,酶切结果显示,有2尾斑马鱼将突变传递给后代(图2)。
3.1.3 ddx27F1杂合突变体斑马鱼基因型鉴定
剪尾检测72尾外交获得的斑马鱼ddx27基因,经T7E1检测,获得22条阳性斑马鱼,进行TA克隆,确定发生有效突变。
发生有效突变的22尾斑马鱼中-27bp的突变体筛选到5尾;-14bp的突变体筛选到13尾;-5bp的突变体筛选到4尾(图3)。
3.1.4 ddx27F2突变体斑马鱼表型观察拍照
(1)将ddx27不同缺失类型杂合突变体内交(incross),产卵后收集培养用于早期胚胎发育观察,在3d时观察到小头,小眼,心包水肿等明显的发育迟缓、畸形的现象。每种突变类型取3对不同杂合突变体为亲本用于产卵,统计异常表型以及其sibling数目,并进行卡方检验可知,差异不显著,符合孟德尔遗传定律(图4)。
(2)为进一步确定ddx27突变体表型,故取3d大ddx27不同缺失类型突变体&野生型进行观察拍照,并用于后续基因型鉴定(图5)。
3.1.5 ddx27F2纯合突变体斑马鱼基因型鉴定
(1)单枚胚胎检测ddx27+/-(-27bp)内交所产3d大小的F2斑马鱼,经电泳检测,通过条带位置进行基因型判断,其中6尾阳性杂合子斑马鱼,4尾野生型斑马鱼,并且表型异常组均为纯合子,与图5(d)观察相一致(图6)。
(2)单枚胚胎检测ddx27+/-(-14bp)内交所产3d大的F2斑马鱼,经电泳检测,通过条带位置进行基因型判断,表型异常组均为纯合子,与图5(e)观察相一致(图7)。
(3)单枚胚胎检测ddx27+/-(-5bp)内交所产3d大的F2斑马鱼,经电泳检测,通过条带位置进行基因型判断,表型异常组均为纯合子,与图5(f)观察相一致(图8)。
Claims (3)
1.一种斑马鱼ddx27基因缺失突变体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
S1、确定ddx27基因敲除的靶点在斑马鱼ddx27基因第6个外显子上设计gRNA序列;所述靶点序列为如SEQ ID NO.1所示的序列;所述gRNA的序列为如SEQ ID NO.6所示的序列;
S2、设计合成gRNA的上游引物T7-ddx27-sfd、下游引物tracrrev;
S3、以pUC19-gRNAscaffold质粒为模板,使用引物T7-ddx27-sfd、tracrrev进行PCR扩增;所述引物T7-ddx27-sfd的序列为如SEQ ID NO.2所示的序列;所述引物tracr rev的序列为如SEQ ID NO.3所示的序列;
S4、对步骤S3的PCR产物进行体外转录,转化获得gRNA;
S5、将gRNA与Cas9蛋白导入斑马鱼中;
S6、培养获得稳定遗传的斑马鱼ddx27基因突变体;具体包括如下步骤:
A1、分别取导入gRNA与Cas9蛋白的斑马鱼以及野生型未注射的斑马鱼胚胎进行ddx27基因敲除效率的检测,确定ddx27基因敲除阳性的F0养至成鱼;
A2、将ddx27基因敲除阳性F0成鱼与野生型斑马鱼外交,进行可遗传性及有效突变检测,筛选可遗传的有效突变F1进行喂养至成鱼;经基因型鉴定获得ddx27F1突变体斑马鱼;
A3、将相同突变的ddx27F1突变体斑马鱼内交,获得ddx27F2突变体斑马鱼;
A4、鉴定为F2代中ddx27基因敲除的纯合子即所述稳定遗传的斑马鱼ddx27基因突变体;
获得的ddx27-/-突变体斑马鱼具有发育迟缓、畸形的明显表型;所述发育迟缓、畸形包括小头、小眼、心包水肿。
2.根据权利要求1所述的斑马鱼ddx27基因突变体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S5中,将gRNA与Cas9蛋白导入斑马鱼具体为:将gRNA与Cas9蛋白混合,显微注射到斑马鱼一细胞期胚胎中;其中,gRNA终浓度为80-100ng/μL,Cas9蛋白终浓度为800ng/μL;总体积V=1μL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的斑马鱼ddx27基因突变体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤A1中,ddx27基因敲除检测采用的引物序列包括如SEQ ID NO.4所示的序列的上游引物ddx27-F和如SEQ ID NO.5所示的序列的下游引物ddx27-R。
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