CN108752008B - 一种多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷及其制备方法,通过在有机溶剂中加入陶瓷粉体、烧结助剂、分散剂、单体和交联剂,球磨混合得到浆料,除泡后,加入引发剂和催化剂,并经溶剂置换后,得到多孔Si2N2O坯体,最终经气压烧结,得到多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷,与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于,本发明使用了乙二醇为溶剂制备多孔Si2N2O陶瓷,乙二醇的低表面张力保证了凝胶较小的干燥收缩,从而可获得高气孔率的Si2N2O陶瓷;且凝胶在乙二醇中的聚合为溶液聚合,保证了坯体的高强度,可实现大尺寸工件的近净成型;因此,本发明制备的多孔Si2N2O陶瓷材料具有优良的抗热震性能、抗氧化性和透波性能,是一种具有优良力、热、电综合性能的耐高温透波材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及耐高温透波陶瓷材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种多孔Si2N2O 耐高温透波陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
耐高温透波材料的主要应用领域是导弹、航天飞船的天线罩和天线窗,其主要功能是承载、隔热、导流和透波等,需要材料有足够的力学性能,良好的高温稳定性和透波性能。
目前常用的天线罩和天线窗材料是SiO2、Si3N4和Sialon陶瓷。其中,SiO2陶瓷具有优异的透波性能,可在中低温(低于1200℃)环境下服役,但其力学性能较差;Si3N4和Sialon陶瓷具有良好的力学性能和高温(1200-1500℃)稳定性,但透波性能一般(介电常数分别为7.9和8.5),且烧结温度较高(高于1700℃)。
另一方面,陶瓷多孔化后具有更好的隔热透波性能,使用凝胶注模成型多孔陶瓷,可获得组织均匀的陶瓷坯体。而凝胶注模工艺根据所用溶剂不同可分为水基和非水基。以水作溶剂制备的凝胶强度较高,但在干燥过程中收缩较大,无法制备高气孔率的陶瓷坯体,且Si3N4在水中会缓慢水解;以有机溶剂制备的凝胶,其干燥收缩较小,可制备高气孔率的陶瓷坯体,但目前常用的有机溶剂均不能溶解凝胶,其聚合反应为沉淀聚合,得到的凝胶聚合度低,强度低,无法制备大尺寸工件。
鉴于上述缺陷,本发明创作者经过长时间的研究和实践提出了本发明。
发明内容
本发明提供一种多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
第一步:在有机溶剂中加入陶瓷粉体、烧结助剂、分散剂、单体和交联剂,用Si3N4球球磨混合20-24小时,得到浆料;
第二步:将第一步所述浆料在100Pa的真空箱中缓慢搅拌4-6分钟,再加入引发剂和催化剂,搅拌2-4分钟后倒入模具中,在30-50℃的环境下固化0.5-1 小时,随后脱模,得到Si2N2O凝胶;
第三步:将第二步所述Si2N2O凝胶置入45-55℃的无水乙醇中浸泡24-72 小时,进行溶剂置换,将置换后的Si2N2O凝胶置入40-60℃的烘箱中干燥24-48 小时,得到多孔Si2N2O凝胶;
第四步:将第三步所述多孔Si2N2O凝胶置入空气炉中,以0.3-0.5℃/min 的升温速率从室温升至600℃并保温2-4小时,得到多孔Si2N2O坯体;
第五步:将第四步所述Si2N2O坯体置入石墨坩埚中,并用保护粉体将Si2N2O 坯体完全覆盖,将所述石墨坩埚置入气压烧结炉中,在保护气氛下以5-15℃/min 的升温速率升至1500-1700℃并保温1-4小时,随炉冷却至室温,得到多孔Si2N2O 陶瓷。
较佳的,第一步中所述有机溶剂为乙二醇,且所述陶瓷粉体与所述有机溶剂的体积比为1:(1.5-9)。
较佳的,第一步所述陶瓷粉体为Si3N4和SiO2的混合粉体,且所述Si3N4和所述SiO2的质量比为1:(0.42-0.43)。
较佳的,第一步所述烧结助剂为Li2CO3,且所述烧结助剂与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:(12-32)。
较佳的,第一步所述分散剂为聚乙二醇,且所述分散剂与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:(49-99)。
较佳的,第一步所述单体为丙烯酰胺,第一步所述交联剂为N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,且所述单体与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:(5-9);所述交联剂与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:(125-270)。
较佳的,第二步所述引发剂为过硫酸铵,所述催化剂为四甲基乙二胺,且所述的引发剂与第一步所述所述单体的质量比为1:(30-40),所述催化剂与第一步所述单体的质量比为1:(1000-1200)。
较佳的,第五步所述保护粉体为h-BN、Si3N4和SiO2的混合粉体,且所述h-BN、所述Si3N4和所述SiO2的质量比为1:2:(0.5-1)。
较佳的,第五步所述保护气氛为氮气,气压为1-4MPa。
利用上述方法制备的一种多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷。
与现有技术比较,本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明使用了乙二醇为溶剂制备多孔Si2N2O陶瓷,乙二醇的低表面张力保证了凝胶较小的干燥收缩,从而可获得高气孔率的Si2N2O陶瓷;
2、凝胶在乙二醇中的聚合为溶液聚合,保证了坯体的高强度,可实现大尺寸工件的近净成型;
3、本发明制备的多孔Si2N2O陶瓷材料具有优良的抗热震性能、抗氧化性和透波性能,是一种具有优良力、热、电综合性能的耐高温透波材料。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中制备的一种多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷的XRD图谱。
图2为本发明实施例1中制备的一种多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷的断口扫描图像。
图3为本发明实施例1中制备的一种多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷的介电常数及介电损耗图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例,对本发明上述的和另外的技术特征和优点作更详细的说明。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
第一步:在乙二醇中加入Li2CO3、聚乙二醇、丙烯酰胺和N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,用Si3N4球球磨混合24小时,得到浆料,其中所述陶瓷粉体为Si3N4和 SiO2的混合粉体,且所述Si3N4和所述SiO2的质量比为1:0.42;所述陶瓷粉体与所述乙二醇的体积比为1:8;所述Li2CO3与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:19;所述聚乙二醇与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:98,;所述丙烯酰胺与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:8;所述N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:200;
第二步:将第一步所述浆料在100Pa的真空箱中缓慢搅拌5分钟除泡,再加入过硫酸铵和四甲基乙二胺,搅拌2-4分钟后倒入模具中,在40℃的环境下固化1小时,随后脱模,得到Si2N2O凝胶,其中所述过硫酸铵与第一步所述丙烯酰胺的质量比为1:40,所述四甲基乙二胺与第一步所述丙烯酰胺的质量比为 1:1200;
第三步:将第二步所述Si2N2O凝胶置入50℃的无水乙醇中浸泡48小时,进行溶剂置换,用所述无水乙醇置换出凝胶中原有的溶剂,将置换后的Si2N2O 凝胶置入60℃的烘箱中干燥24小时,得到多孔Si2N2O凝胶;
第四步:将第三步所述多孔Si2N2O凝胶置入空气炉中,以0.5℃/min的升温速率从室温升至600℃并保温2小时,得到多孔Si2N2O坯体;
第五步:将第四步所述Si2N2O坯体置入石墨坩埚中,并用保护粉体将Si2N2O 坯体完全覆盖,将所述石墨坩埚置入气压烧结炉中,在2MPa的氮气保护气氛下以10℃/min的升温速率升至1600℃并保温2小时,当温度较低时,原材料反应不充分,转化不完全;当温度较高时,Si2N2O易发生分解,后随炉冷却至室温,最终得到多孔Si2N2O陶瓷,其中,所述的保护粉体为h-BN、Si3N4和SiO2的混合粉体,且所述h-BN、所述Si3N4和所述SiO2的质量比为1:2:0.5。
请参见图1、图2和图3,
图1为本实施例中制备的一种多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷的XRD图谱;
图2为本实施例中制备的一种多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷的断口扫描图像;
图3为本实施例中制备的一种多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷的介电常数及介电损耗图。
图1中衍射峰均为Si2N2O陶瓷的衍射峰,且未观察到其他杂杂质的衍射峰,说明本发明可制备纯相的多孔Si2N2O陶瓷;通过图2可以观察到,本方法制备的多孔Si2N2O陶瓷,其显微形貌是组织均匀的Si2N2O棒晶,陶瓷烧结完全,且晶粒生长充分;通过图3可以观察到,本方法制备的多孔Si2N2O陶瓷,其介电常数较低,介电性能满足透波材料的要求。
因此,本发明使用了乙二醇为溶剂制备多孔Si2N2O陶瓷,乙二醇的低表面张力保证了凝胶较小的干燥收缩,从而可获得高气孔率的Si2N2O陶瓷;且凝胶在乙二醇中的聚合为溶液聚合,保证了坯体的高强度,可实现大尺寸工件的近净成型;另外,本发明制备的多孔Si2N2O陶瓷材料由于具有较低的热膨胀系数 (3.5×10-6/K),因此具有较好的抗热震性能,Si2N2O本身是Si3N4氧化的中间产物,因此其抗氧化性较Si3N4更好,而本发明制备的多孔Si2N2O陶瓷的介电常数 (6.4)低于一般Si3N4和Sialon致密材料的介电常数(分别为7.9和8.5),因此其透波性能更好,因此,本发明制备的多孔Si2N2O陶瓷具有优良的抗热震性能、抗氧化性和透波性能,是一种具有优良力、热、电综合性能的耐高温透波材料。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于,第一步所述陶瓷粉体为Si3N4和SiO2的混合粉体,且所述Si3N4和所述SiO2的质量比为1:0.43;所述陶瓷粉体与所述乙二醇的体积比为1:1.5;所述Li2CO3与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:12;所述聚乙二醇与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:49,;所述丙烯酰胺与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:5;所述N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:125,其它与实施例1相同。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于,第一步所述陶瓷粉体为Si3N4和SiO2的混合粉体,且所述Si3N4和所述SiO2的质量比为1:0.43;所述陶瓷粉体与所述乙二醇的体积比为1:9;所述Li2CO3与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:32;所述聚乙二醇与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:99,;所述丙烯酰胺与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:9;所述N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:270,其它与实施例1相同。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于,第二步所述过硫酸铵与第一步所述丙烯酰胺的质量比为1:30,所述四甲基乙二胺与第一步所述丙烯酰胺的质量比为1:1000,其它与实施例1相同。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于,第二步所述过硫酸铵与第一步所述丙烯酰胺的质量比为1:35,所述四甲基乙二胺与第一步所述丙烯酰胺的质量比为1:1085,其它与实施例1相同。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于,第三步变为:将第二步所述Si2N2O 凝胶置入55℃的无水乙醇中浸泡72小时,进行溶剂置换,用所述无水乙醇置换出凝胶中原有的溶剂,将置换后的Si2N2O凝胶置入50℃的烘箱中干燥48小时,得到多孔Si2N2O凝胶,其它与实施例1相同。
实施例7
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于,第四步变为,将第三步所述多孔Si2N2O 凝胶置入空气炉中,以0.3℃/min的升温速率从室温升至600℃并保温4小时,得到多孔Si2N2O坯体,其它与实施例1相同。
实施例8
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于,第五步所述保护粉体为h-BN、Si3N4和SiO2的混合粉体,且所述h-BN、所述Si3N4和所述SiO2的质量比为1:2:1,其它与实施例1相同。
实施例9
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于,第五步所述保护气氛氮气的气压为4MPa,且以5℃/min的升温速率升至1500℃并保温1小时,后随炉冷却至室温,最终得到多孔Si2N2O陶瓷,其它与实施例1相同。
实施例10
本实施例为实施例1的对比实施例,本实施例中用去离子水代替第一步所述乙二醇作为溶剂,其它与实施例1相同。结果发现,以去离子水作溶剂时,凝胶胚体的干燥收缩率大于30%,较大的收缩致使材料产生很大的内应力,因此,干燥后有明显的变形和开裂,而本发明中以乙二醇作溶剂时,凝胶胚体的干燥收缩率小于5%,形状无变化。因此,乙二醇为溶剂制备多孔Si2N2O陶瓷,乙二醇的低表面张力保证了凝胶较小的干燥收缩,从而可获得高气孔率的Si2N2O陶瓷;且凝胶在乙二醇中的聚合为溶液聚合,保证了坯体的高强度,可实现大尺寸工件的近净成型。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,对本发明而言仅仅是说明性的,而非限制性的。本专业技术人员理解,在本发明权利要求所限定的精神和范围内可对其进行许多改变,修改,甚至等效,但都将落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括以下步骤:
第一步:在有机溶剂中加入陶瓷粉体、烧结助剂、分散剂、单体和交联剂,用Si3N4球球磨混合20-24小时,得到浆料,其中所述有机溶剂为乙二醇,且所述陶瓷粉体与所述有机溶剂的体积比为1:(1.5-9);
第二步:将第一步所述浆料在100Pa的真空箱中缓慢搅拌4-6分钟,再加入引发剂和催化剂,搅拌2-4分钟后倒入模具中,在30-50℃的环境下固化0.5-1小时,随后脱模,得到Si2N2O凝胶;
第三步:将第二步所述Si2N2O凝胶置入45-55℃的无水乙醇中浸泡24-72小时,进行溶剂置换,将置换后的Si2N2O凝胶置入40-60℃的烘箱中干燥24-48小时,得到多孔Si2N2O凝胶;
第四步:将第三步所述多孔Si2N2O凝胶置入空气炉中,以0.3-0.5℃/min的升温速率从室温升至600℃并保温2-4小时,得到多孔Si2N2O坯体;
第五步:将第四步所述Si2N2O坯体置入石墨坩埚中,并用保护粉体将Si2N2O坯体完全覆盖,将所述石墨坩埚置入气压烧结炉中,在保护气氛下以5-15℃/min的升温速率升至1500-1700℃并保温1-4小时,随炉冷却至室温,得到多孔Si2N2O陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,第一步所述陶瓷粉体为Si3N4和SiO2的混合粉体,且所述Si3N4和所述SiO2的质量比为1:(0.42-0.43)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,第一步所述烧结助剂为Li2CO3,且所述烧结助剂与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:(12-32)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,第一步所述分散剂为聚乙二醇,且所述分散剂与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:(49-99)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,第一步所述单体为丙烯酰胺,第一步所述交联剂为N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,且所述单体与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:(5-9);所述交联剂与所述陶瓷粉体的质量比为1:(125-270)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,第二步所述引发剂为过硫酸铵,所述催化剂为四甲基乙二胺,且所述的引发剂与第一步所述单体的质量比为1:(30-40),所述催化剂与第一步所述单体的质量比为1:(1000-1200)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,第五步所述保护粉体为h-BN、Si3N4和SiO2的混合粉体,且所述h-BN、所述Si3N4和所述SiO2的质量比为1:2:(0.5-1)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,第五步所述保护气氛为氮气,气压为1-4MPa。
9.根据利用权利要求1-8任一项所述的方法制备的一种多孔Si2N2O耐高温透波陶瓷。
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