CN108719139A - A kind of method of short octopus generation industrial aquaculture - Google Patents

A kind of method of short octopus generation industrial aquaculture Download PDF

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CN108719139A
CN108719139A CN201810570224.4A CN201810570224A CN108719139A CN 108719139 A CN108719139 A CN 108719139A CN 201810570224 A CN201810570224 A CN 201810570224A CN 108719139 A CN108719139 A CN 108719139A
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young
generation
parent
short octopus
octopus
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CN108719139B (en
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郑小东
姜典航
钱耀森
汪金海
张庆起
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Ocean University of China
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Ocean University of China
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A01K61/17Hatching, e.g. incubators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods of short octopus generation industrial aquaculture, and the short octopus of the first generation is formed after parent is temporarily supported, parent is laid eggs and hatching, the F1 generation young are cultivated, the F1 generation young is formed in the short octopus of natural waters capture;This batch short octopus can both be sold, and be also used as parent and continued to cultivate, and when continuing cultivation as parent, F1 generation octopus parents form the short octopus of the second generation after F1 generation is laid eggs and hatching, F2 are cultivated for the young, F2 is formed for the young.The present invention is based on certain plinth to the cultivation exploitation of short octopus, a kind of 1 year two generation aquaculture model of short octopus suitable for industrial aquaculture developed, it can be harvested twice in spring and autumn, the culture-cycle is set to shorten to 6 months, commercial specification is formed up to 100 grams or so, a kind of new cultivation opportunity is provided for mariculture industry, while being also that certain plinth has been established in the cephalopodous exploitation of other marine economy.

Description

A kind of method of short octopus generation industrial aquaculture
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of short octopus generation industrial aquaculture, are a kind of 1 year factory culturing 2 short octopus from generation to generation Method.
Background technology
Short octopus (Amphioctopus fangsiao) is also known as meal octopus, short-leg octopus, is under the jurisdiction of Mollusca-Cephalopoda-eight Wrist mesh-octopus section-octopus category, it is coastal to be distributed widely in China north and south.Short octopus meat flavour is delicious, and nutritive value is high, deep by consumers in general Like, be all the coastal important economic species of northern China all the time.In recent years, with market comsupton and demand for exports Constantly increase, the increasing to short octopus fishery catching intensity causes the decline of natural resources serious.Meanwhile under natural conditions, due to temperature The conditions limitation such as degree and bait, short octopus only breed cultural technique that is primary, and yet there are no ripe so far in general 1 year.Short octopus has The feature that the speed of growth is fast, the culture-cycle is short is ideal breed variety, therefore industrial aquaculture is imperative, is repaiied to resource It is multiple and to meet the market demand significant.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to be directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a kind of short octopus generation The method of industrial aquaculture, method is simple, easy, and the culture-cycle is short, growth is rapid, can be harvested twice in spring and autumn, pole The earth improves economic benefit.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of method of short octopus generation industrial aquaculture, includes the following steps:
(1) first generation culture (spring culture):
1., parent temporarily supports:Month current year 4-5 reaches sexually matured short octopus in natural waters capture, it is complete to choose wherein health Individual as parent, parent, which is placed in farm's cement pit, temporarily supports until female, male parent mating;The quantity ratio of female, male parent It is 1:1;
2., parent oviposition and hatching:After the completion of waiting for female, male parent mating, male body dies off, and female body enters veil standard Standby oviposition, after a period of time, ovum can be produced in veil and hatched by short octopus, and the incubation period of short octopus ovum is 30-40 days;
3., the F1 generation young culture:After female body hatches the F1 generation young, the F1 generation young is hatched using oppossum shrimp as open-mouthed bait Daystart is fed afterwards, twice daily, until the weight of the F1 generation young reaches 1-2g;
4., the F1 generation young forms:It, at this time can be to short after the weight of the 3. F1 generation young that step is cultivated reaches 1-2g The octopus young carries out a point pond and cultivates, and feeds the bivalve shellfish young, once a day, until weight reaches 10-15g;When the F1 generation young After weight reaches 10-15g, bivalve shellfish adult is fed, once a day, until the F1 generation young becomes the short octopus adult of F1 generation;
(2) second generation culture (autumn culture):
5., F1 generation oviposition and hatching:4. the gonadal maturation formed in the 10-11 month selecting steps of current year, health For the short octopus adult of F1 generation as parent, the quantity ratio of female, male parent is 1:1, parent is placed in farm's cement pit, without temporarily supporting, The parent of gonadal maturation mates quickly;After the completion of waiting for female, male parent mating, male body dies off, and female body enters screening It covers object and prepares oviposition, after a period of time, ovum can be produced in veil and hatched by short octopus, and the incubation period of short octopus ovum is 30- 40 days;
6., F2 for the young cultivate:After the female body of the short octopus of F1 generation hatches F2 for the young, F2 is for the young using oppossum shrimp as opening bait Material, daystart is fed after hatching, and twice daily, is fed one month, F2 is 1-2g for young weight at this time;
7., F2 forms for the young:It is cultivated a point pond is carried out after 6. F2 that step is cultivated reaches 1-2g for young weight, The bivalve shellfish young is fed, once a day, until weight reaches 10-15g;After F2 reaches 10-15g for young weight, feed Bivalve shellfish adult, once a day, until F2 becomes F2 for short octopus adult for the young.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, step 1. in, in the short octopus as parent that natural waters fish, first use 0.2- 0.5ppm povidone iodine carries out disinfection processing, then places into aquaculture pond and temporarily supports.The parent captured in the wild, it is necessary to by tight Diagrid choosing, povidone iodine are disinfected, and prevent bacterium infection from causing octopus parents massive mortality.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, step 1. in, parent is placed in farm's cement pit when temporarily supporting, with Mactra veneriformis and/or Ruditapes philippinarum is as bait, and using terrine as veil, temperature of cultivation is 12-20 DEG C (using heater heating and room temperature Cultivate and maintain), intensity of illumination 15-20Lux, photoperiod 12d:12n;Normal inflation, it is primary per water is changed within 1-2 days;The temporarily foster phase Between, residual bait should be removed in time, replace fresh bait.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, step 2. in, female body enter veil prepare oviposition when, the food ration of female body is less, can It is appropriate to reduce bait feeding;After female body abstains from food in whole, residual bait is removed, fresh bait is no longer added;In the hatching process of ovum, Short octopus is constantly sprayed water towards ovum with funnel, while stroking ovum with sucker, and ovum is protected not influenced by extraneous bacterium, sundries etc., therefore, During short octopus oviposition and hatching, the stability of aquaculture pond environmental condition is kept, it is female to short octopus to reduce external environment to the greatest extent The influence of body;During short octopus is laid eggs and is hatched, water temperature is maintained at 20-22 DEG C and (is heated using heater in breeding pool And room temperature is cultivated and is maintained), the time of egg hatching can be accelerated by suitably increasing temperature;Normal inflation, it is every to change within 2-3 days a water.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, step 3. in, twice daily feed oppossum shrimp, Feeding time is the morning 6:00 and afternoon 19: 00;During the F1 generation young is cultivated, aquaculture pond water temperature is 20 DEG C (cultivated and maintained using heater heating and room temperature), intensity of illumination For 120-150Lux, photoperiod 12d:12n;Normal inflation, daily quantity of exchanged water are 50%.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, step 3. in, female body hatches when being cultivated after the F1 generation young, cultivation density 500- 1000/m3
In above-mentioned technical proposal, step 4. in, the F1 generation young carries out a point pond when cultivating, cultivation density be 100-200 only/ m3
In above-mentioned technical proposal, step 4. in, when feeding the bivalve shellfish young and bivalve shellfish adult, once a day, throw It is afternoon 17 to feed the time:00;During entire F1 generation is formed, temperature of cultivation control at 23-26 DEG C or so, temperature no more than 28 DEG C, if temperature does not reach requirement, heater heating may be used and room temperature is cultivated and maintained;But water temperature over-high can shadow The survival for ringing short octopus need to reduce water temperature in summer with chilled water unit;Intensity of illumination is 120-150Lux, photoperiod 12d: 12n;Normal inflation, it is primary to change water daily;Hot weather is encountered, aeration quantity should be increased, changes water daily 2 times.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, step 5. in, F1 generation oviposition and hatching during, parent is with Mactra veneriformis and/or Philippine Clam son is as bait, using terrine as veil;During F1 generation is laid eggs and hatched, water temperature is maintained at 18-20 DEG C (using heating Device heats and room temperature is cultivated and maintained), intensity of illumination 15-20Lux, photoperiod 12d:12n;Normal qi of chong channel ascending adversely, it is every to change within 2-3 days Water.2. with step, when female body enters veil preparation oviposition, the food ration of female body is less, can suitably reduce bait feeding; After female body abstains from food in whole, residual bait is removed, fresh bait is no longer added;In the hatching process of ovum, the short continuous court of octopus funnel Ovum is sprayed water, while stroking ovum with sucker, and ovum protect not influenced by extraneous bacterium, sundries etc., therefore, in the oviposition of short octopus and hatching In the process, the stability that keep aquaculture pond environmental condition reduces influence of the external environment to the female body of short octopus to the greatest extent.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, step 6. in, twice daily feed oppossum shrimp, Feeding time is the morning 6:00 and afternoon 19: 00;During F2 is cultivated for the young, aquaculture pond water temperature is 20 DEG C (cultivated and maintained using heater heating and room temperature), intensity of illumination For 120-150Lux, photoperiod 12d:12n, normal to inflate, daily quantity of exchanged water is 50%.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, step 6. in, when the female body of F1 generation hatches F2 for being cultivated after the young, cultivation density is 500-1000/m3
In above-mentioned technical proposal, step 7. in, when F2 carries out a point pond for the young and cultivates, cultivation density be 100-200 only/ m3
In above-mentioned technical proposal, step 7. in, when feeding the bivalve shellfish young and bivalve shellfish adult, once a day, throw It is afternoon 17 to feed the time:00;During forming in entire F2 generations (in autumn seedling breeding process), temperature continuously decreases, short to ensure Octopus normal growth need to be heated with electric heater to maintain breeding water body water temperature, and temperature of cultivation control is in 20 DEG C or so, intensity of illumination 120-150Lux, photoperiod 12d:12n, it is normal to inflate, it is primary that water is changed daily.
The advantages of technical solution of the present invention, is:
(1) technical method indicates critical problem existing for each cultivation node, without complicated facility, instrument and equipment And operating instruction, it is strong to generate operability;
(2) technical method provides a kind of aquaculture model of efficient industrial, and culture-cycle of short octopus is short, growth is rapid, supports It grows and has a high potential;
(3) technical method improves the artificial breeding technology of short octopus, to replying natural resources and meeting market demand meaning weight Greatly.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited in being described below Hold:
1 year two foundries cultural method of short octopus can harvest twice in spring and autumn, greatly improve economic effect Benefit is illustrated with reference to specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of method of short octopus generation industrial aquaculture, includes the following steps:
(1) first generation culture (spring culture):
1. parent is temporarily supported:It month current year 4-5 is fished in natural waters and reaches sexually matured short octopus, it is complete to choose wherein health Individual as parent, parent, which is placed in farm's cement pit, temporarily supports until female, male parent mating.The short octopus parent that field is fished Body is first carried out disinfection processing with povidone iodine (0.35ppm), is then placed in farm's cement pit and is temporarily supported;During parent is temporarily supported, Female-male proportion is 1:1, using Mactra veneriformis and Ruditapes philippinarum as bait, using terrine as veil, temperature of cultivation is in 16-18 DEG C, intensity of illumination 15-20Lux, photoperiod 12d:12n, it is normal to inflate, it is primary that water is changed daily;It, should be clear in time during temporarily supporting Except residual bait, fresh bait is replaced.
2., parent oviposition and hatching:After the completion of waiting for female, male parent mating, male body dies off;Female body enters veil standard Standby oviposition.At this point, the food ration of female body is less, bait feeding can be suitably reduced.After female body abstains from food in whole, residual bait is removed, no Fresh bait is added again.After a period of time, short octopus can produce ovum in terrine.In the hatching process of ovum, short octopus with funnel not It is disconnected to spray water towards ovum, while ovum is stroked with sucker, protect ovum not influenced by extraneous bacterium, sundries etc..Therefore, it lays eggs and incubates in short octopus During change, the stability of aquaculture pond environmental condition is kept, reduces influence of the external environment to the female body of short octopus to the greatest extent.This phase Between, breeding pool should be maintained at 20-22 DEG C, and the time of egg hatching can be accelerated by suitably increasing temperature;Normal inflation, is changed for every 2 days Water.The incubation period of short octopus ovum is 30-40 days or so.
3., the F1 generation young culture:Female body hatches when being cultivated after the F1 generation young, and cultivation density is 750/m3;F1 For the young using oppossum shrimp as open-mouthed bait, daystart is fed after hatching, and twice daily (6:00 and 19:00).During this, support Should be maintained at by growing water temperature by 20 DEG C or so, intensity of illumination 120-150Lux, photoperiod 12d:12n;Normal inflation, is changed daily Water is 50%.
4., the F1 generation young forms:The F1 generation young 3. cultivated by step is carried out a point pond to cultivate, cultivation density 150 Only/m3, F1 generation young weight is 1-2g at this time, feeds the bivalve shellfish young, once a day (afternoon 17:00), until weight reaches To 10-15g;After F1 generation young weight reaches 10-15g, bivalve shellfish adult is fed, once a day (afternoon 17:00), until The F1 generation young becomes the short octopus adult of F1 generation;During entire F1 generation is formed, temperature of cultivation control is at 23-26 DEG C, intensity of illumination For 120-150Lux, photoperiod 12d:12n;Normal inflation, it is primary to change water daily.In summer sporelings (of laminaria) cultivating process, water temperature over-high meeting The survival of short octopus is influenced, temperature need to reduce water temperature no more than 28 DEG C with chilled water unit;Hot weather is encountered, should increase and fill Tolerance, changes water 2 times daily.
5., F1 generation oviposition and hatching:4. the gonadal maturation formed in the 10-11 month selecting steps of current year, health The short octopus of F1 generation is as parent, female-male proportion 1:1;Using Mactra veneriformis and Ruditapes philippinarum as bait, using terrine as masking Object;Without temporarily supporting, the parent of gonadal maturation mates quickly, and after the completion of waiting for female, male parent mating, male body is in succession dead It goes, female body enters veil and prepares oviposition, and after a period of time, ovum can be produced in veil and hatched by short octopus, through 30-40 The short octopus young of it or so hatches;During F1 generation is laid eggs and hatched, water temperature is maintained at 18-20 DEG C, intensity of illumination 15-20Lux, Normal qi of chong channel ascending adversely changes a water in every 2 days;
6., F2 for the young cultivate:The female body of the short octopus of F1 generation hatches F2 when being cultivated for the young, and cultivation density is 750/ m3, F2 is for the young using oppossum shrimp as open-mouthed bait, and daystart is fed after hatching, and twice daily (6:00 and 19:00) it), throws It feeds one month;During this, aquaculture pond water temperature should be maintained at 20 DEG C or so, intensity of illumination 120-150Lux, photoperiod 12d: 12n;Normal inflation, daily quantity of exchanged water are 50%.
7., F2 forms for the young:The F2 6. cultivated by step is carried out a point pond for the young to cultivate, cultivation density 150 Only/m3, F2 is 1-2g for young weight at this time, feeds the bivalve shellfish young, once a day (afternoon 17:00), until weight reaches To 10-15g;After F2 reaches 10-15g for young weight, bivalve shellfish adult is fed, once a day (afternoon 17:00), until F2 becomes F2 for short octopus adult for the young.In autumn seedling breeding process, temperature continuously decreases, and to ensure short octopus normal growth, needs to use Electric heater is heated to maintain breeding water body water temperature.Temperature of cultivation control is at 20 DEG C or so, intensity of illumination 120--150Lux, light Period is 12d:12n is inflated, and is changed daily primary.
By above-described embodiment it is found that the present invention is based on certain plinth to the cultivation exploitation of short octopus, the one kind developed is suitable for factory The 1 year two generation aquaculture model of short octopus for changing cultivation, make the culture-cycle shorten to 6 months, form commercial specification up to 100 grams or so, be Mariculture industry provides a kind of new cultivation opportunity, while being also that certain plinth has been established in the cephalopodous exploitation of other marine economy.
Examples detailed above is technical concept and technical characterstic to illustrate the invention, can not limit the present invention's with this Protection domain.The equivalent transformation or modification that all essence according to the present invention is done, should all cover in protection scope of the present invention Within.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of method of short octopus generation industrial aquaculture, includes the following steps:
(1) first generation culture:
1., parent temporarily supports:Month current year 4-5 reaches sexually matured short octopus in natural waters capture, choose complete of wherein health As parent, parent is placed in farm's cement pit temporarily supports until female, male parent mating body;The quantity ratio of female, male parent is 1: 1;
2., parent oviposition and hatching:After the completion of waiting for female, male parent mating, male body dies off, and female body enters veil and prepares production Ovum, after a period of time, ovum can be produced in veil and hatched by short octopus, and the incubation period of short octopus ovum is 30-40 days;
3., the F1 generation young culture:After female body hatches the F1 generation young, the F1 generation young is using oppossum shrimp as open-mouthed bait, the after hatching Daystart is fed, twice daily, until the weight of the F1 generation young reaches 1-2g;
4., the F1 generation young forms:It, at this time can be to short octopus children after the weight of the 3. F1 generation young that step is cultivated reaches 1-2g Body carries out a point pond and cultivates, and feeds the bivalve shellfish young, once a day, until weight reaches 10-15g;When the weight of the F1 generation young After reaching 10-15g, bivalve shellfish adult is fed, once a day, until the F1 generation young becomes the short octopus adult of F1 generation;
(2) second generation culture:
5., F1 generation oviposition and hatching:4. the F1 generation of the gonadal maturation, health formed in the 10-11 month selecting steps of current year For short octopus adult as parent, the quantity ratio of female, male parent is 1:1, parent is placed in farm's cement pit, without temporarily supporting, sexual gland The parent reached maturity mates quickly;After the completion of waiting for female, male parent mating, male body dies off, and female body enters veil Prepare oviposition, after a period of time, ovum can be produced in veil and hatched by short octopus, and the incubation period of short octopus ovum is 30-40 days;
6., F2 for the young cultivate:After the female body of the short octopus of F1 generation hatches F2 for the young, F2 for the young using oppossum shrimp as open-mouthed bait, Daystart is fed after hatching, and twice daily, is fed one month, F2 is 1-2g for young weight at this time;
7., F2 forms for the young:It cultivates, feeds by a point pond is carried out after 6. F2 that step is cultivated reaches 1-2g for young weight The bivalve shellfish young, once a day, until weight reaches 10-15g;After F2 reaches 10-15g for young weight, bivalve is fed Shellfish adult, once a day, until F2 becomes F2 for short octopus adult for the young.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 1. in, the conduct parent that fishes in natural waters The short octopus of body is first carried out disinfection processing with 0.2-0.5ppm povidone iodine, then places into aquaculture pond and temporarily support;Parent is placed on foster It grows in a cement pit when temporarily supporting, using Mactra veneriformis and/or Ruditapes philippinarum as bait, using terrine as veil, cultivation water Temperature for 12-20 DEG C, intensity of illumination 15-20Lux, photoperiod 12d:12n, it is normal to inflate, it is primary per water is changed within 1-2 days;Temporarily support Period should remove residual bait in time, replace fresh bait.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 2. in, female body enter veil prepare oviposition when, it is female The food ration of body is less, suitably reduces bait feeding;After female body abstains from food in whole, residual bait is removed, fresh bait is no longer added;? During short octopus oviposition and hatching, water temperature is maintained at 20-22 DEG C in breeding pool, normal to inflate, every to change within 2-3 days a water.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 3. in, twice daily feed oppossum shrimp, Feeding time is The morning 6:00 and afternoon 19:00;During the F1 generation young is cultivated, aquaculture pond water temperature is 20 DEG C, intensity of illumination 120-150Lux, light Period is 12d:12n, normal to inflate, daily quantity of exchanged water is 50%;Female body hatches when being cultivated after the F1 generation young, and cultivation is close Degree is 500-1000/m3
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 4. in, the F1 generation young carries out a point pond when cultivating, cultivation Density is 100-200/m3;When feeding the bivalve shellfish young and bivalve shellfish adult, once a day, Feeding time is afternoon 17:00;During entire F1 generation is formed, temperature of cultivation control 23-26 DEG C, intensity of illumination 120-150Lux, the photoperiod For 12d:12n, it is normal to inflate, it is primary that water is changed daily;Hot weather is encountered, changes water daily 2 times.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 5. in, F1 generation oviposition and hatching during, parent is with four Angle clam and/or Ruditapes philippinarum are as bait, using terrine as veil;During F1 generation is laid eggs and hatched, water temperature is kept 18-20 DEG C, intensity of illumination 15-20Lux, photoperiod 12d:12n, normal qi of chong channel ascending adversely are every to change within 2-3 days a water;Female body into When entering veil preparation oviposition, the food ration of female body is less, suitably reduces bait feeding;After female body abstains from food in whole, remove residual Bait no longer adds fresh bait.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 6. in, twice daily feed oppossum shrimp, Feeding time is The morning 6:00 and afternoon 19:00;During F2 is cultivated for the young, aquaculture pond water temperature is 20 DEG C, intensity of illumination 120-150Lux, light Period 12d:12n, normal to inflate, daily quantity of exchanged water is 50%;When the female body of F1 generation hatches F2 for being cultivated after the young, cultivation Density is 500-1000/m3
8. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 7. in, when F2 carries out a point pond for the young and cultivates, cultivation Density is 100-200/m3;When feeding the bivalve shellfish young and bivalve shellfish adult, once a day, Feeding time is afternoon 17:00;Temperature of cultivation is controlled at 20 DEG C, intensity of illumination 120-150Lux, photoperiod 12d:12n, it is normal to inflate, it changes daily Water is primary.
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CN109984061A (en) * 2019-04-01 2019-07-09 中国海洋大学 A kind of octopus oosperm artificial incubation method

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