CN108718863B

CN108718863B - Method for planting walnut fruit bearing forest in dry and warm valley residue field in alpine region

Info

Publication number: CN108718863B
Application number: CN201810445659.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴建波; 王小丹
Original assignee: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment IMHE of CAS
Current assignee: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment IMHE of CAS
Priority date: 2018-05-11
Filing date: 2018-05-11
Publication date: 2021-05-11
Anticipated expiration: 2038-05-11
Also published as: CN108718863A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment restoration, and discloses a method for planting walnuts in a fruit bearing forest in a dry and warm valley residue field in a high and cold area, which comprises the steps of firstly planting walnuts in a leveled residue field by adopting a hole planting method with a row spacing of 3m multiplied by 3m and planting holes (80cm multiplied by 80cm), laying an agricultural film with the thickness of 0.05mm at the bottom of the planting holes, and performing anti-seepage treatment; then, adding 40-50 cm of soil into the planting holes, wherein the distance between the soil and the ground is 30-40 cm; then adding 4-5 kg of cow dung per hole for soil improvement, and then adding 30-40 cm of soil; the walnut seedlings are planted, and the irrigation in spring and winter is emphasized, which is important for the survival and growth of the walnut seedlings. The method can improve the vegetation recovery efficiency, reduce the covering thickness of the foreign soil in the slag field, reduce the use of the soil and reduce the development cost of the construction of hydropower stations in high and cold areas; the research and development of the walnut planting technology can increase the income of local farmers and herdsmen.

Description

Method for planting walnut fruit bearing forest in dry and warm valley residue field in alpine region

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment restoration, and particularly relates to a method for planting walnut fruit bearing forests in a dry and warm valley residue field in a high and cold region.

Background

The Tibetan hydraulic resources are very rich, the theoretical storage amount is 20136 thousands kW, and accounts for 29 percent of the whole country, and the Tibetan hydraulic resources are the first place of the whole country. At present, the development degree of the hydraulic resources of Tibet is less than 5%, and the development potential is very great. The Tibetan water resource rich area is in an ecological environment fragile sensitive area, the altitude difference is large, the environmental conditions are complex, and the vegetation is difficult to restore once damaged. Preliminary measurement and calculation, after 2020, the development and construction of other main large hydropower base projects except the Tibet in China are basically completed, and Tibet hydropower becomes the only important base of continuous energy and electric power 'West-east power transmission' to be developed and constructed in China and is also a concentrated area for hydropower development in the future. However, in the construction process of the hydropower station, the vegetation is damaged in a large range due to soil mining and stone extraction and waste residue, and the water and soil loss is accelerated. If no measures are taken, a series of negative effects will form a domino effect, and have an effect on the whole ecological system which is difficult to recover.

At present, the technology of the regional residue field vegetation recovery technology for the hydropower development in the alpine region is not developed yet, and in order to meet the law, regulation and environmental evaluation service requirements of the countries related to the hydropower development, research and development of the vegetation recovery technology of the hydropower abandoned residue field in the alpine region for the hydropower development service in the alpine region are urgently needed. The existing hydropower station slag field vegetation recovery technology is mainly large-area covering soil, and a large amount of soil is covered to ensure that plants survive. The slag field area in the high and cold area of the Tibet has special climate and great difficulty in vegetation recovery. And the residue field area of the hydropower station in the alpine region is mainly located in a dry and warm valley region, because the soil is scarce, sufficient foreign soil is not used for earthing the residue field, and the soil can not be taken in other local regions (causing greater ecological environment damage), and the foreign soil can only be carried from the outside or covered by the foreign soil of the soil material field, so that the screening of the proper earthing thickness and the plant planting mode is very important for the success of vegetation recovery of the residue field, and the method has great potential for reducing the construction cost of the hydropower station and the preservation of the waste soil of the soil material field. Meanwhile, in order to increase the income of local residents, no corresponding method or technology exists for rebuilding the slag yard into a fruit forest planting area, so that the method and the device are beneficial to reducing the construction cost of the hydropower station and increasing the income of the local residents.

In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: the technology for recovering the vegetation in the hydropower station construction in the alpine region is not developed, and the vegetation recovery in the alpine region is greatly different from the climates and the vegetation of the hydropower stations in other regions (such as Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan). In addition, at present, only vegetation restoration is considered in a hydropower station slag field, local income increase is not considered, and the technology for transforming the slag field area into a fruit forest planting area is not mature yet. The technology can reduce the development cost of hydropower stations in high and cold regions and increase the income of local residents.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for planting walnut Jingguo forest in dry and warm valley residue field in alpine region, aiming at the problem of the lack of vegetation recovery technology in residue field of hydropower station in alpine region.

The invention is realized in such a way that a method for planting walnut bearing fruit forest in a dry and warm valley dreg field in a alpine region comprises the following steps:

step one, after leveling a slag field, digging a planting hole, wherein the planting hole is 80cm multiplied by 80cm, selecting a film to perform seepage prevention on the bottom of the planting hole by adopting a 0.05mm agricultural film, and covering soil of 40-50 cm; adding 4-5 kg of cow dung per hole for soil improvement, and covering 30-40 cm of soil;

step two, selecting walnut trees with the tree diameter of 3-4 cm for planting, soaking the roots of the walnut trees in rooting powder in advance, leveling the land after planting, and irrigating; simultaneously monitoring soil moisture, temperature and plant growth conditions.

Further, water is poured once a week from 10 months of the year to 5 months of the year.

The invention also aims to provide a walnut tree which is planted by the method for planting walnuts in the dry and warm valley dreg field in the alpine region through fruit forest.

The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the method is simple in technology and obvious in benefit by digging planting holes in the slag field area of the hydropower station in the alpine region, covering films to preserve water and fertilizer and planting the Jingguo forest. The technology can reduce the passenger soil amount of the hydropower station slag field in the alpine region by 429 cubic meters per mu, and reduce the development cost of the construction of the hydropower station in the alpine region by 5 ten thousand yuan per mu; the income of the farmers and the herders is increased by 2000 yuan/mu.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for planting walnut bearing fruit forest in a dry and warm valley residue field in a alpine region according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a method for laying an impermeable layer of a planting hole provided by an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the survival rate of the sapling in the planting holes with different soil covering depths provided by the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the volumetric water content of soil provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the method for planting the walnut bearing forest in the dry and warm valley dreg site in the alpine region provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

s101: in the leveled slag field, walnut planting is carried out by adopting a hole planting method of 3m multiplied by 3m row spacing and planting holes (80cm multiplied by 80cm), an agricultural film with the thickness of 0.05mm is paved at the bottom of the planting holes, and foreign soil is covered by about 70-80 cm; performing anti-seepage treatment;

s102: firstly adding 40-50 cm of soil into the planting holes;

s103: adding 4-5 kg of cow dung per hole for soil improvement, and then adding 30-40 cm of soil;

s104: the walnut seedlings are planted in the hole planting mode, and irrigation in spring and winter is emphasized.

The method for the walnuts in the pomace area to pass through the fruit bearing forest specifically comprises the following steps:

1. leveling a slag field, selecting a 0.05mm agricultural film for paving in planting holes, and then covering with foreign soil, wherein the thickness of the foreign soil is about 40-50 cm; and then adding 4-5 kg of cow dung per hole for soil improvement.

2. Planting holes in the treated slag yard; selecting a walnut tree seedling with the tree diameter of 3-4 cm for planting, then sowing alfalfa seeds on the planting holes, leveling the land and irrigating; simultaneously monitoring soil moisture, temperature and plant growth conditions.

The effects of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following experiments.

1. The test method comprises the following steps: in order to screen a technical mode for recovering the walnut trees planted in the pomace through fruit forests, which has both ecological and economic benefits. Screening walnuts through a fruit forest planting mode is carried out by simulating a slag field scene, performing anti-seepage treatment, performing covering soil thickness treatment and monitoring a recovery effect. Gravel with the thickness of 30-40 cm and the diameter of 10-40 cm is paved in the planting hole and mixed, and the situation of a slag field is simulated. The thickness of the covering soil in the planting hole is 50-60 cm, 70-80 cm and 90-100 cm respectively, and the anti-seepage treatment is carried out; adding 4-5 kg of cow dung per hole for soil improvement; selecting walnuts with the tree diameter of 3-4 cm for planting; 10 walnut seedlings were planted per treatment while monitoring soil moisture and plant survival rate.

2. And (3) test results: the result shows that the water content of the soil at the depth of 15cm is lower, because the soil belongs to a dry and warm valley at the position of the velvet curved slag field, the temperature is high, the sunlight is strong, and therefore the water in the soil is quickly evaporated, and the volume water content of the surface soil is lower. The volume water content of the soil with the impermeable layer is greatly different from that of the soil without the impermeable layer, and the volume water content of the soil at the soil depth of 60cm-CK and 80cm-CK in the treatment without the impermeable layer is similar to that of the soil at the soil depth of 15cm, which is probably because the bottom is completely slag stone and has poor water retention, so that the volume water content of the soil is lower, and the water content can be greatly changed along with the change of time. In the treatment with the impermeable layer (60cm-FS, 80cm-FS), the soil water content at the position of 60cm and 80cm in the soil depth has no great difference, which indicates that the water retention of the soil is maintained, and the difference of the volume water content of the soil with the impermeable measure and without the impermeable measure is not obvious compared with the position of 100cm in the soil depth. According to the survival rate of the walnut seedlings, the change of the volume and the water content of the soil and the economic cost of the thickness of the covering soil. Therefore, the thickness of the covering soil is 70-80 cm in the process of planting walnuts in a pomace through fruit trees, and meanwhile, certain seepage prevention measures are adopted to keep the water and the nutrients of the soil. According to the monitoring of soil moisture, under the climate of dry and warm valley, the irrigation in winter and spring is noticed, and the irrigation is carried out once a week.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting walnut bearing fruit forests in a dry and warm valley dreg field in a alpine region is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

leveling a slag field, digging a planting hole, selecting a 0.05mm agricultural film to prevent seepage at the bottom of the planting hole, and covering 40-50 cm of soil; adding 4-5 kg of cow dung per hole for soil improvement, and covering 30-40 cm of soil;

step two, selecting walnut trees with the tree diameter of 3-4 cm for planting, soaking the roots of the walnut trees in rooting powder in advance, leveling the land after planting, and irrigating;

digging planting holes of 80cm multiplied by 80cm, and the row spacing is 3m multiplied by 3 m;

selecting a 0.05mm agricultural film in the planting hole for anti-seepage treatment;

selecting walnut trees with the tree diameter of 3-4 cm for planting;

pouring water once every week from 10 months to 5 months in the same year.