CN108686157A - 一种防治瘀血阻滞型乳癖的中药组合物、其制备方法及药物制剂 - Google Patents
一种防治瘀血阻滞型乳癖的中药组合物、其制备方法及药物制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治瘀血阻滞型乳癖的中药组合物,其主要由金橘核、玫瑰花、皂荚子、赤芍、佛手、青皮、木槿子、荔枝核、路路通等药物按照一定重量配比制备而成。本发明同时涉及该中药组合物的制备方法以及由其制备的内服剂型。本发明的全方具有活血行气、利水祛瘀、散结止痛的功效,防治瘀血阻滞型乳癖疗效确切。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,具体涉及一种防治瘀血阻滞型乳癖的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
乳癖,西医称其为乳腺增生症,是常见的女性乳房疾病;近些年来,随着饮食结构变化、生活节奏加快、工作压力增大,乳腺增生的发病率呈现明显上升趋势,且低龄化发展;该疾病对于女性健康的危害日益引起人们的重视。
该病的主要机制是内分泌失调所致乳腺上皮和纤维组织增生;乳腺组织导管和乳小叶结构上退行性病变以及进行性结缔组织生长;表现为乳叶增厚、结节性颗粒、乳房胀痛及乳头溢乳等体征;且与饮食劳倦、情志变化、月经周期等因素息息相关;主要表现为乳房部位出现大小不等的硬结肿块,状如鸡卵,表面光滑,隐痛或刺痛,严重者呈现持续性重痛,甚者牵引肩、腋窝、肋部、背部;该疾病严重影响患者的正常生活与工作;因而防治药物的开发一直是医学领域研究的热点。
西医认为乳腺增生是一种良性增生性疾病;乳房为性激素作用的靶器官,其在下丘脑——垂体——卵巢轴及内分泌激素的综合作用下,发生从胚胎逐步发育、增殖与复旧交替,最终退化的一系列复杂变化;乳腺增生的发生发展与卵巢内分泌状态密切相关,孕酮分泌减少,雌激素增多,雌孕激素比例失调均是其诱因;乳腺组织作为女性激素的靶器官,生长发育直接受雌二醇和孕酮的影响,内分泌的紊乱即可引起乳腺导管上皮和纤维组织不同程度的增生和末梢腺管或腺泡形成囊肿;周期性的激素分泌失调和/或乳腺组织对激素的敏感性增高是本病发病的主要原因。
西医多采用内分泌治疗方案和手术疗法,还有维生素、碘制剂、利尿药等辅助治疗;但是乳腺增生属内分泌系统疾病,无手术治疗的指征,局部手术切除多不易为患者接受,且复发率高;另一种治疗方案是依照性激素紊乱的病因学理论调节卵巢内分泌趋向正常或阻断激素作用靶点,以缓解临床症状;常用药物有抗雌激素药物三苯氧胺、黄体酮,降催乳素类药物嗅隐亭,雄激素类药物甲基睾丸素、丙酸睾丸酮等;这些药物多数是缓解或改善症状,且副作用大,很难使增生后的组织彻底复原,用之不当反而扰乱激素平衡。
中医学称乳腺增生为“乳癖”;认为肝肾两经与乳房关系最密切,其次是冲任两脉;肝郁气滞、情志内伤在乳癖的发病过程中有重要影响;情志抑郁导致气滞不舒,进而血流瘀滞,蕴结于乳房,乳络经脉阻塞不通,不通而痛;肝气横逆犯胃,脾失健运,痰浊内生;气滞血瘀挟痰结聚为核,循经留聚乳中,乳中结块;肝肾不足,冲任失调亦是病因,肾为藏精之本,蕴含天癸,天癸激发冲任,冲任下起胞宫,上连乳房,其气血上行为乳,化赤为经,若肾气不足,冲任失调,月事紊乱,难以孕育,血亏不荣而痛;因而治疗上常采用疏肝解郁、活血化瘀、软坚散结、养血益气等方法。
中药防治乳癖效果显著且无毒副作用,复发率低,因此成为防治乳腺增生的新动向,此类药物的研制与开发具有广阔的前景;目前常见中成药包括逍遥丸、百消丹、乳癖消、犀黄丸、小金丹、乳块消胶囊、乳宁颗粒、桂枝茯苓丸、平消胶囊等,以上药物在防治该病的过程中发挥了重要作用。但是乳癖证型复杂多变,包含瘀血阻滞、痰浊凝聚、肝郁气逆、肾虚血亏等很多证型;瘀血阻络型乳癖常见月经色暗红,有血块,伴痛经等临床症状,其发病多有情志所伤,起居不慎或六淫为害等不同病因,导致冲任瘀阻或寒凝经脉,以致“不通则痛”,或冲任、胞宫失于濡养,不荣而痛。其病位在冲任、胞宫,变化在气血,主要表现为痛证;痰湿型患者多数表现为形体肥胖、倦怠嗜睡,皮肤油垢、体味明显、带下量多稠厚、大便不畅、咯痰粘腻、舌红苔黄腻、经期乳房隐痛;肝郁气滞型症见月经前乳房胀痛难忍、怒时更甚、平素易郁怒、舌质晦暗、失眠多梦; 血虚患者面色苍白无光或萎黄、体倦乏力、唇甲淡白、月经量少色淡、经期乳腺增生区隐痛、脉细无力;肾虚症见腰膝酸软、下肢乏力、或耳鸣、夜尿频多、性欲减退、失眠健忘、带下清稀、经期乳房隐痛、舌质淡、脉沉细无力; 现有成药针对性较低,难以应对复杂多变的证型。
发明内容
发明人多年从事乳房疾病防治工作,认为:女子以血为本。《素问•上古天真论》云:“女子七岁,肾气盛,齿更发长;二七而天癸至,任脉通,太冲脉盛,月事以时下,故有子;……”女子14岁左右开始月经周期,经血的流失容易造成贫血;肝脏体阴用阳,血液的亏少导致肝藏血不足,肝木失养,肝气郁结,气郁则血行受阻、水液代谢障碍,瘀血留滞;瘀血痰浊留滞体内而成结节;女子乳房部位是最为常见的结节之处,因而瘀血阻滞型乳癖是常见的证型之一;活血化瘀是治疗该证型的首要方法,辅以行气扶正、利水散结等。通过众多瘀血阻滞型乳癖患者诊疗用药的筛选,并经过临床实验验证,确定了疗效肯定的中药组合物。
本发明的目的是提供一种疗效确切的用于防治瘀血阻滞型乳癖的中药组合物,该中药组合物的制备方法以及包含该中药组合物的中药制剂。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种防治瘀血阻滞型乳癖的中药组合物,其包括如下重量份的原料:
。
作为优选,其包括如下重量份的原料:
。
一种上述的防治瘀血阻滞型乳癖的中药组合物的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)按照重量份秤取原料药物金橘核、玫瑰花、皂荚子、赤芍、佛手、木槿子、荔枝核、金荞麦、牡丹皮、石菖蒲、路路通、延胡索、黄芪、生甘草、皂角刺、牛蒡子、山楂根、丝瓜根、蒲公英、砂仁和竹沥,备用;
(2)将金橘核、皂荚子、赤芍、木槿子、荔枝核、金荞麦、牡丹皮、路路通、延胡索、生甘草、皂角刺、牛蒡子、山楂根、丝瓜根和蒲公英加水煎煮2次;第一次加水量为没过药面2cm,沸腾之后文火煎煮50分钟;第二次加水量为没过药面1cm,沸腾之后文火煎煮30分钟;合并两次煎液,过滤获得滤液A;
(3)将玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手用水蒸气提取方法收集挥发油备用;
(4)步骤(3)中收集了挥发油之后的玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手,继续利用步骤(2)得到水煎液A,所述水煎液A与滤液A合并,浓缩成比重为1.35的浸膏,再加90%-95%的乙醇进行醇沉,过滤沉淀后回收乙醇并浓缩,在45℃-50℃下干燥,制得干浸膏A;
(5)将黄芪加90%-95%的乙醇进行回流提取,提取液回收乙醇,在45℃-50℃下干燥,得干浸膏B;
(6)合并干浸膏A和干浸膏B,将其粉碎成粉,再加入竹沥干粉,混合均匀后再粉碎成细粉,喷入步骤(3)得到的挥发油,再次搅拌均匀,即得。
制备方法中,水煎方法、水蒸气提取方法以及乙醇回流提取方法均为本领域技术人员的常规方法。
一种包含上述的防治瘀血阻滞型乳癖的中药组合物的中药制剂,其包括丸剂、颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂或口服液剂。
其中,所述胶囊剂的制备方法为,将所述中药组合物装入明胶硬胶囊。每粒胶囊含中药组合物成分2克。
其中,所述颗粒剂的制备方法为,将上述中药组合物、蔗糖粉、麦芽糊精(中药组合物∶蔗糖粉∶麦芽糊精的质量比为2∶1∶0.5)混合均匀,压制成颗粒剂。每17.5克颗粒剂含有中药组合物10克。
其中,所述片剂的制备方法为,将所述中药组合物直接压制成片。每片含有中药组合物成分2克。
其中,所述口服液的制备方法为,将所述中药组合物中加入75%的乙醇,中药组合物全部溶解之后,静置24小时,滤过,回收乙醇,浓缩成60℃时相对密度为1.26-1.30的稠膏,加入蔗糖粉、山梨酸和蒸馏水(中药组合物、蔗糖粉、山梨酸的质量比为10∶1∶0.02);蒸馏水的加入量达到每10ml药液含有所述中药组合物10g,滤过,灭菌,灌封,即得。
其中,所述丸剂的制备方法为,每100g中药组合物粉末加入炼蜜30-50g,制丸,干燥,打光或包糖衣,即得。每粒丸剂含有所述中药组合物5克。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明中以金橘核为君药,大剂量使用,发挥其行气散瘀之功效,同时辅助以其他药物活血化瘀、利水渗湿、行气导滞、缓急止痛。
本发明药物选择金橘核、玫瑰花、皂荚子、赤芍、佛手、木槿子、荔枝核、金荞麦、牡丹皮、石菖蒲、路路通、延胡索、黄芪、生甘草、皂角刺、牛蒡子、山楂根、丝瓜根、蒲公英、砂仁、竹沥21味中药组合发挥协同作用。
《注解伤寒论》中记载:“芍药,白补而赤泻,白收而赤散也”;“白芍长于补虚,赤芍长于泻实”的认识在临床实践中逐步得到证实;白芍与赤芍虽同为毛茛科多年生草本植物芍药的根,但是二者由于产地、形态、品质、组分的不同而功效各异;2005 年版的《中国药典》将白芍定为芍药 Paeonia lactiflora.的干燥根,将赤芍定为川赤芍(P.veitchiiLynch)的干燥根,同时对二者的功用加以区别;白芍与赤芍的药理作用对照研究结果显示,总提物组(白芍)、水溶性提取物组(白芍和赤芍)对耳廓肿胀有良好的抑制作用,总提物组(白芍和赤芍)、脂溶性提物组(赤芍)对腹腔色素渗出有良好的抑制作用,且有效延长了部分凝血活酶时间,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),由此得出,白芍对抑制炎性水肿及渗出均有良好的效果,但是在抑制血小板聚集方面,其作用不如赤芍。赤芍含有芍药甙、芍药内酯苷、没食子酸乙酯、熊果苷、芍药醇、氧化芍药苷、苯甲酸芍药苷、儿茶素、氧化芍药甙、苯甲酰芍药甙、β-谷甾醇-α- 葡萄糖苷、4-乙基-芍药苷、没食子酰芍药苷、没食子酰芍药甙、芍药吉酮、芍药新苷、β-蒎-10-烯基-β-巢菜甙、芍药新甙、芍药内酯A、胡萝卜苷、山柰酚等成分。
赤芍通过抑制凝血酶和激活纤溶酶原而发挥抗血栓作用;赤芍总苷可显著降低血小板聚集和红细胞聚集,降低全血黏度,减少血栓的生成;赤芍能够激活纤溶酶原,使凝固的纤维蛋白溶解;水提液能降低 ADP 诱导的血小板最大聚集强度,同时升高血浆中 6-keto-PGF1a 的水平, 调节大鼠血清 NO/ ET 的平衡;显著增加小鼠耳廓毛细血管开放量、细动脉和细静脉血管口径,延长凝血酶原时间和活化部分凝血活酶时间;赤芍提取物在体外使血小板粘附与血小板第三因子活性降低,血小板内 cAMP含量升高。
赤芍味苦,微寒,归肝经,具有清热凉血、祛瘀止痛的功效;赤芍亦是妇科常用中药,且多与白芍相须为用;其能够祛瘀行滞并缓解疼痛,用于血虚经闭、痛经及跌打损伤瘀滞肿痛诸证,其在本方中发挥活血散结之功效,消除乳房瘀血肿痛;本品还具有清除血分郁热、祛瘀而散肿消痈之功效,血瘀日久化热,化腐成脓,赤芍在消除瘀血肿块的同时预防乳痈的发生。赤芍作为君药白芍的同科植物,在本发明中充当臣药,在君药养血疏肝的基础之上活血清热,滋补而不留瘀滞。
佛手系芸香科植物佛手(Radix Paeoniae Rubra.)的干燥果实,其根茎、叶、花、果均可入药,本发明中选择其根部切片;本品具有疏肝理气、止痛和胃、燥湿化痰的功效;多用于治疗肝胃气滞、胸胁胀痛、胃脘痞满、食少呕吐、咳嗽痰多等疾病。主要成分有挥发油、黄酮类、多糖及微量元素。佛手挥发油对酵母菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有较明显的抑制作用,其中对枯草杆菌的抑菌效果最强;佛手挥发油对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、角叉菜致大鼠足肿胀均有抑制作用,同时具有抗炎镇痛作用。佛手挥发油具有较强的抗抑郁作用且呈现明显的剂量依赖关系,300mg/kg的佛手挥发油给药即能产生明显的抗抑郁作用,600mg/kg 的佛手挥发油与经典抗抑郁药氟西汀10mg/kg 的效果相当;不同剂量的佛手提取液能明显增加小鼠负重游泳力竭时间,降低小鼠运动后血乳酸、尿素氮浓度,并能提高小鼠肝脏中糖原的含量,表现出抗运动型疲劳的能力。佛手在燥湿化痰、消除结核的基础上辅助其他药物发挥疏肝行气的功效。
路路通为金缕梅科植物枫香树(Liquidamtarformosana Hance)的干燥成熟果序;其功效为祛风活络,利水通经;用于治疗关节痛痹、麻木拘挛、水肿胀满、乳少经闭等症;主要成分有桦木酮酸(又称路路通酸)、路路通内酯、齐墩果酸、熊果酸、胡萝卜甙、没食子酸、正三十烷酸、氧化石竹烯等多种萜类化合物及挥发油,其中以桦木酮酸含量较高;路路通酸作为路路通中的主要成分,能够明显抑制角叉菜胶引起的小鼠足跖肿胀,对醋酸(H+)所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性亢进显示出一定的抑制作用并对醋酸引起小鼠疼痛具有一定的镇痛作用;能明显对抗酵母诱发的大鼠足跖肿胀,表现出一定的抗炎活性。路路通具有锋利的外刺,中医学取象比类分析认为其具有较好的通利功能,在本方中发挥消散瘀结肿块之功用。
金橘核,出处为 《本草再新》 ,别名为金橘子(自《闽东本草》 )。为芸香科植物金橘、金弹、金柑的核。味酸辛,性平,无毒。入肝、肺二经。治目疾、喉痹,消瘰疬结核等。玫瑰花,中药材名。其为蔷范科植物玫瑰初放的花。4~6月间,当花蕾将开放时分批采摘,用文火迅速烘干。烘时将花摊放成薄层,花冠向下,使其最先干燥,然后翻转烘干其余部分。晒干者,颜色和香气均较差。功能主治为:理气解郁,和血散瘀。治肝胃气痛,新久风痹,吐血咯血,月经不调,赤白带下,痢疾,乳痈,肿毒。①姚可成《食物本草》:主利肺脾,益肝胆,辟邪恶之气,食之芳香甘美,令人神爽。②《药性考》:行血破积,损伤瘀痛,浸酒饮。③《纲目拾遗》:和血,行血,理气。治风痹。④《本草再新》:舒肝胆之郁气,健脾降火。治腹中冷痛,胃脘积寒,兼能破血。⑤《随息居饮食谱》:调中活血,舒郁结,辟秽,和肝。酿酒可消乳癖。⑥《现代实用中药》:用于妇人月经过多,赤白带下及一般肠炎下痢等。⑦《山东中药》:治盱胃气痛,恶心呕吐,消化不良,泄泻,口舌糜破,吐血,噤口痢。⑧《泉州本草》:治肺病咳嗽痰血、吐血、咯血。
皂荚子,为豆科植物皂荚的种子。味辛,性温。分布于东北、华北、华东、华南以及四川、贵州等地。具有润肠通便,祛风散热,化痰散结之功效。用于大便燥结,肠风下血,痢疾里急后重,痰喘肿满,疝气疼痛,瘰疬,肿毒,疮癣。
木槿子,为锦葵科植物木槿的果实。味甘,性寒。归肺、心、肝经。具有清肺化痰,具有治疗头痛,解毒的功效。亦可治疗痰喘咳嗽,支气管炎,偏正头痛,黄水疮,湿疹等病症。
荔枝核,为无患子科植物荔枝的干燥成熟种子。夏季采摘成熟果实,除去果皮和肉质假种皮,洗净,晒干。味甘、微苦,性温。用于寒疝腹痛,睾丸肿痛。
金荞麦,为蓼科植物。金荞麦别名苦荞麦、荞麦当归、荞麦三七、金锁银开等。江西、江苏、浙江称为金锁银开,河南、广东名为荞麦三七,在江西还叫作铁掌头、苦荞头。其性凉,味辛、苦,具有清热解毒、活血化瘀、健脾利湿的功效。
牡丹皮,为毛茛科植物牡丹干燥根皮。产于安徽、四川、河南、山东等地。苦、辛,微寒,归心、肝、肾经,具有清热凉血、活血化淤、退虚热等功效。
石菖蒲,别名水剑草、石蜈蚣、水蜈蚣、葛蒲。天南星科植物石菖蒲的根茎。性微温,味辛、苦。归心经、胃经。开窍、豁痰、理气、活血、散风、去湿。属开窍药。
延胡索,为罂粟科植物延胡索的干燥块茎。夏初茎叶枯萎时采挖,除去须根,洗净,置沸水中煮至恰无白心时,取出,晒干。具有活血,行气,止痛的功效。用于胸胁、脘腹疼痛,胸痹心痛,经闭痛经,产后瘀阻,跌扑肿痛。
黄芪,为豆科植物蒙古黄芪的根。功能主治为:补气固表,托毒排脓,利尿,生肌。用于气虚乏力、久泻脱肛、自汗、水肿、子官脱垂、慢性肾炎蛋白尿、糖尿病、疮口久不愈合。
生甘草,即没有经过加工的甘草。生甘草有解毒、祛痰、止痛、解痉作用。可以补脾益气,滋咳润肺,缓急解毒,调和百药。主要用于治疗咽喉肿痛,痛疽疮疡,胃肠道溃疡以及解药毒、食物中毒等。
皂角刺,为豆科植物皂荚的干燥棘刺。味辛,性温。具有消肿托毒,排脓,杀虫之功效。常用于痈疽初起或脓成不溃;外治疥癣麻风。
牛蒡子,为菊科二年生草本植物牛蒡的干燥成熟果实。呈长倒卵形,略扁,微弯曲,表面灰褐色,带紫黑色斑点,有数条纵棱,通常中间1~2条较明显。无臭,味苦后微辛而稍麻舌。生用或炒用,用时捣碎。具有疏散风热,宣肺透疹,利咽散结,解毒消肿之功效。属于解表药中发散风热药。现代研究,牛蒡子还可用于防治糖尿病肾病,牛蒡果实含牛蒡甙经水解生成的牛蒡甙元具有抗癌活性。
山楂根,为蔷薇科山楂属植物山里红或野山楂等的根。味甘,性平。具有消积和胃,止血,祛风,消肿之功效。主治食积,痢疾,反胃,风湿痹痛,咯血,痔漏,水肿。
丝瓜根,为葫芦科植物丝瓜和粤丝瓜的根。味甘、微苦,性寒。具有活血通络,清热解毒之功效。常用于偏头痛,腰痛,痹证,乳腺炎,鼻炎,鼻窦炎,喉风肿痛,肠风下血,痔漏。
蒲公英,别名黄花地丁、婆婆丁、华花郎等。菊科多年生草本植物。头状花序,种子上有白色冠毛结成的绒球,花开后随风飘到新的地方孕育新生命。其为菊科植物蒲公英、碱地蒲公英或同属数种植物的干燥全草。苦、甘,寒。主要用于疔疮肿毒,乳痈,瘰疬,目赤,咽痛,肺痈,肠痈,湿热黄疸,热淋涩痛等。
砂仁,为姜科植物阳春砂、绿壳砂或海南砂的干燥成熟果实。夏、秋二季果实成熟时采收,晒干或低温干燥。味辛,性温。有化湿开胃,温脾止泻,理气安胎的功效。用于湿浊中阻,脘痞不饥,脾胃虚寒,呕吐泄泻,妊娠恶阻,胎动不安。
竹沥,为禾本科植物淡竹等的茎经火烤后所流出的液汁。味甘、苦,性寒。具有清肺降火,滑痰利窍之功效。用于中风痰迷,肺热痰壅,惊风,癫痫,热病痰多,壮热烦渴,子烦,破伤风。
本发明的药物组合物具有活血化瘀、利水消肿、行气解郁等功效,用于瘀血阻滞型乳癖的防治。
具体实施方式
为了加深对本发明的理解,下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细的描述,该实施例是示例性的,仅用于解释本发明,并不对保护范围构成限定。
实施例1 本发明药物胶囊剂
a)称取原料药物备用,原料药物剂量如下:
。
b)将所述重量配比的金橘核、皂荚子、赤芍、木槿子、荔枝核、金荞麦、牡丹皮、路路通、延胡索、生甘草、皂角刺、牛蒡子、山楂根、丝瓜根、蒲公英15味中药加水煎煮2次;第一次加水量以没过药面2cm为宜,沸腾之后文火煎煮50分钟;第二次加水量以没过药面1cm为宜,沸腾之后文火煎煮30分钟;合并两次煎液,过滤获得滤液1。
c)将所述重量配比的玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手用水蒸气提取方法收集挥发油备用。玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手的水煎液(水煎液获取方法同步骤b)与滤液1合并,浓缩成比重为1.35的浸膏,加90%-95%的乙醇进行醇沉,过滤沉淀后回收乙醇并浓缩,在45℃-50℃下干燥,制得干浸膏1。
d)将所述重量配比的黄芪加90%-95%的乙醇进行回流提取,提取液回收乙醇,在45℃-50℃下干燥,得干浸膏2。
e)合并干浸膏1和干浸膏2,将其粉碎成粉,再加入所述重量配比的竹沥干粉,混合均匀,再粉碎成细粉,喷入玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手挥发油,再次搅拌均匀。装入明胶硬胶囊,每粒胶囊约含有本发明复方活性成分2克。
实施例2 本发明药物颗粒剂制备
a)称取原料药物备用,原料药物剂量如下:
。
b)将所述重量配比的金橘核、皂荚子、赤芍、木槿子、荔枝核、金荞麦、牡丹皮、路路通、延胡索、生甘草、皂角刺、牛蒡子、山楂根、丝瓜根、蒲公英15味中药加水煎煮2次;第一次加水量以没过药面2cm为宜,沸腾之后文火煎煮50分钟;第二次加水量以没过药面1cm为宜,沸腾之后文火煎煮30分钟;合并两次煎液,过滤获得滤液1。
c)将所述重量配比的玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手用水蒸气提取方法收集挥发油备用。玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手的水煎液(水煎液获取方法同步骤b)与滤液1合并,浓缩成比重为1.35的浸膏,加90%-95%的乙醇进行醇沉,过滤沉淀后回收乙醇并浓缩,在45℃-50℃下干燥,制得干浸膏1。
d)将所述重量配比的黄芪加90%-95%的乙醇进行回流提取,提取液回收乙醇,在45℃-50℃下干燥,得干浸膏2。
e)合并干浸膏1和干浸膏2,将其粉碎成粉,再加入所述重量配比的竹沥干粉,混合均匀,再粉碎成细粉,喷入玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手挥发油,再次搅拌均匀。加入蔗糖粉、麦芽糊精作填充剂,压制成颗粒剂。中药组合物∶蔗糖粉∶麦芽糊精的质量比为2∶1∶0.5。每17.5克颗粒剂含有中药组合物10克。
实施例3 本发明药物的片剂制备
a)称取原料药物备用,原料药物剂量如下:
。
b)将所述重量配比的金橘核、皂荚子、赤芍、木槿子、荔枝核、金荞麦、牡丹皮、路路通、延胡索、生甘草、皂角刺、牛蒡子、山楂根、丝瓜根、蒲公英15味中药加水煎煮2次;第一次加水量以没过药面2cm为宜,沸腾之后文火煎煮50分钟;第二次加水量以没过药面1cm为宜,沸腾之后文火煎煮30分钟;合并两次煎液,过滤获得滤液1。
c)将所述重量配比的玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手用水蒸气提取方法收集挥发油备用。玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手的水煎液(水煎液获取方法同步骤b)与滤液1合并,浓缩成比重为1.35的浸膏,加90%-95%的乙醇进行醇沉,回收乙醇并浓缩,在45℃-50℃下干燥,制得干浸膏1。
d)将所述重量配比的黄芪加90%-95%的乙醇进行回流提取,提取液回收乙醇,在45℃-50℃下干燥,得干浸膏2。
e)合并干浸膏1和干浸膏2,将其粉碎成粉,再加入所述重量配比的竹沥干粉,混合均匀,再粉碎成细粉,喷入玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手挥发油,再次搅拌均匀。压制成片,每片含有本发明复方活性成分2克。
实施例4 本发明药物口服液制备
a)称取原料药物备用,原料药物配比如下:
。
b)将所述重量配比的金橘核、皂荚子、赤芍、木槿子、荔枝核、金荞麦、牡丹皮、路路通、延胡索、生甘草、皂角刺、牛蒡子、山楂根、丝瓜根、蒲公英15味中药加水煎煮2次;第一次加水量以没过药面2cm为宜,沸腾之后文火煎煮50分钟;第二次加水量以没过药面1cm为宜,沸腾之后文火煎煮30分钟,合并两次煎液,过滤获得滤液1。
c)将所述重量配比的玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手用水蒸气提取方法收集挥发油备用。玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手的水煎液(水煎液获取方法同步骤b)与滤液1合并,浓缩成比重为1.35的浸膏,加90%-95%的乙醇进行醇沉,回收乙醇并浓缩,在45℃-50℃下干燥,制得干浸膏1。
d)将所述重量配比的黄芪加90%-95%的乙醇进行回流提取,提取液回收乙醇,在45℃-50℃下干燥,得干浸膏2。
e)合并干浸膏1和干浸膏2,将其粉碎成粉,再加入所述重量配比的竹沥干粉,混合均匀,再粉碎成细粉,喷入玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手挥发油,再次搅拌均匀。
f)将中药组合物细粉中加入体积分数75%的乙醇,中药组合物全部溶解之后,静置24小时,滤过,回收乙醇,浓缩成相对密度为1.26-1.30(60℃)的稠膏,加入蔗糖粉、山梨酸和蒸馏水(中药组合物、蔗糖粉、山梨酸的质量比为10∶1∶0.02);蒸馏水的加入量以达到每10ml药液含有复方活性成分10g为宜,滤过,灭菌,灌封,即得。
实施例5 本发明药物丸剂制备
a)称取原料药物备用,药物配比如下:
。
b)将所述重量配比的金橘核、皂荚子、赤芍、木槿子、荔枝核、金荞麦、牡丹皮、路路通、延胡索、生甘草、皂角刺、牛蒡子、山楂根、丝瓜根、蒲公英15味中药加水煎煮2次;第一次加水量以没过药面2cm为宜,沸腾之后文火煎煮50分钟;第二次加水量以没过药面1cm为宜,沸腾之后文火煎煮30分钟;合并两次煎液,过滤获得滤液1。
c)将所述重量配比的玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手用水蒸气提取方法收集挥发油备用。玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手的水煎液(水煎液获取方法同步骤b)与滤液1合并,浓缩成比重为1.35的浸膏,加90%-95%的乙醇进行醇沉,过滤沉淀后回收乙醇并浓缩,在45℃-50℃下干燥,制得干浸膏1。
d)将所述重量配比的黄芪加90%-95%的乙醇进行回流提取,提取液回收乙醇,在45℃-50℃下干燥,得干浸膏2。
e)合并干浸膏1和干浸膏2,将其粉碎成粉,再加入所述重量配比的竹沥干粉,混合均匀,再粉碎成细粉,喷入玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手挥发油,再次搅拌均匀。每100g粉末加入炼蜜30-50g,制丸,干燥,打光或包糖衣,即得。每粒丸剂含有复方活性成分5克。
效果例
1、临床资料
选取河北中医学院门诊2014年1月~2017年12月收治的100例瘀血阻滞型乳癖患者,全部为女性患者;年龄20-30岁患者21人,30-40岁38人,40-50岁22人,50-60岁19人,将其作为临床研究对象,采取随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组年龄23~56 岁,平均年龄(34.5±3.8)岁;病程6个月至5 年,平均病程为(3.6±2.3)年;疾病类型: 斑块型18例, 条索形8 例, 散在小结节型15 例,混合型9例。观察组年龄在22~57岁,平均年龄(34.6±3.2)岁;单侧病变21例,双侧病变29例;病程在4个月至6年;平均病程为(4.2±2.6)年;疾病类型:斑块型19例;条索形9例,散在小结节型16例,混合型6例;单侧病变18例,双侧病变32例。两组患者的年龄、病程及疾病类型无统计学差异(均P>0.05),具有可比性。
、诊断标准
2.1 西医诊断标准
参照《外科学》中乳腺增生疾病的诊断标准:单侧或双侧乳腺疼痛,多具有周期性,发作与月经周期有关,月经前几天疼痛加重,月经来潮后减轻或消失;体检发现一侧或双侧乳腺腺体局限性或弥漫性增厚,肿块呈颗粒状,大小不一,质韧而不硬,增厚区与周围正常乳腺组织分界不清;病程较长,发展缓慢,少数患者可合并有乳头溢液,为浆液性或浆血性,如有上述两条以上者,可初步确认为本病;必要时结合乳腺X 线片、乳腺超声检查、热象图等辅助检测手段以确认本病。
2.2中医诊断标准
符合《中医病证诊断疗效标准》中乳癖的诊断标准,中医辨证参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则( 试行) 》中瘀血阻滞型,主症: 乳房肿块,刺痛,触摸痛甚; 次症: 胸胁胀满,心烦易怒,经行腹痛,月经量少色黯,有瘀血块; 舌质黯红或有瘀斑,脉弦涩。主症必备,次症符合至少1 项,结合舌象、脉象、患者主诉,即可确诊。
、纳入标准
患者符合上述中、西医诊断标准; 年龄20~60周岁,病程≥3个月;乳房肿块和周围组织未见有明显粘连,腋下淋巴结无肿大,对可疑病变穿刺活检排除其他疾病; 患者均签署知情同意书。
、排除标准
生理性乳房疼痛,如青春期乳痛、经前轻度乳房胀痛、仅有乳痛但无乳腺肿块;乳腺炎、盆腔炎及恶性肿瘤患者;合并精神疾病及糖尿病者;合并严重心、脑、肝、肾及造血系统疾病患者;近期口服激素类药物、避孕药物患者;妊娠期或哺乳期妇女;严重月经周期紊乱或功能性子宫出血患者;对本研究用药过敏,或过敏体质者;20岁以下或者60岁以上患者;近6个月参加过其他临床试验的患者;不愿参与此次研究者。
、治疗方法
对照组采用三苯氧胺口服(山东健康药业有限公司,国药准字H37022925)严格按照该药的用量标准,10mg/次,每日早、中、晚各1次,经期停药。7天为一疗程,连续服用10个疗程。
治疗组的患者应用本发明实施例1的中药胶囊制剂,口服,饭后温开水送服,每次5粒,每日早、中、晚各1次。经期停药,7天为一疗程,连续服用10个疗程。
所有患者用药期间均低脂饮食、避免辛辣的食物,避免过度劳累,情绪保持稳定。两组患者均在用药10个疗程后进行疗效评价。
、疗效标准
按照国家中医药管理局制订的《中医病证诊断疗效标准》 以及中华中医药学会外科分会乳腺病专业委员会制定的《乳腺增生病诊断、辨证及疗效评价标准》,《24个专业104个病种中医诊疗方案·乳癖中医诊疗方案》拟定。
治愈:临床症状(主要为疼痛及肿块)消失,乳房无胀痛不适,乳头无溢液且维持6个月以上;
显效:临床症状(主要为疼痛)基本消失,增厚的肿块软化并散开,肿块缩小2 /3以上;
有效:临床症状(主要为疼痛)明显改善或缓解,乳腺肿块变软,肿块缩小大于1 /3小于1/2;
无效:疼痛无缓解,肿块大小、质地无改变。
疗效评定以月经净后1 周内的检查为准。
、观察指标及方法
7.1 乳癖直径及疼痛时间评分
两组治疗前后均采用日立EUB - 565A 型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪进行检查,测得肿块长径(以超声测得的最大肿块直径为标准),并由医师记录患者每个月经周期乳房疼痛时间。
7.2 乳腺疼痛分级与评分
0级(6分):无触痛,无自发痛;1级(12分):触压痛,无自发痛;2级(18分)自发痛,以经前为主,呈阵发性;3级(24分)自发痛,呈持续性,不影响生活;4级(30分)自发痛,呈持续性,放射至腋下、肩背部,影响生活。
7.3 肿块分级与评分
①肿块硬度分级 1级(3分):质软如正常腺体;2级(6分):质韧如鼻尖;3级(9分):质硬如额。②肿块范围评分 1级(3分):肿块分布范围局限于1-2个象限;2级(6分):肿块分布范围局限于3-4个象限;3级(9分):肿块分布范围局限于5-6个象限;4级(12分):肿块分布范围局限于7-8个象限。③肿块大小分级与评分:1级(3分):肿块最大直径≤2.0cm;2级(6分):肿块最大直径2.1-5.0cm;3级(9分):肿块最大直径≥5.0cm。
7.4 血清指标
两组治疗前后均空腹抽取肘静脉血,采用美国贝克曼Access2 型全自动微粒子化学发光酶免疫分析仪测定2 组血清性激素水平,包括雌二醇(E2)、黄体生成激素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、孕酮(P);用日立7060 全自动生化分析仪检测血脂水平,包括总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。
、统计学方法
采用SPSS20.0统计软件进行统计学分析,计量资料用均数±标准差()表示,采用t 检验;计数资料率的比较采用χ2检验。
、治疗结果
9.1 两组疗效比较
两组治愈率及总有效率比较差异显著,具有统计学意义(P <0.05),治疗组疗效优于对照组,见表1。
表1 两组疗效比较
。
9.2 两组治疗前后乳房疼痛时间及肿块长径比较
两组治疗后乳房疼痛时间、肿块长径较治疗前均缩短(P <0.05);治疗组治疗后乳房疼痛时间、肿块长径均优于对照组(P <0.05),见表2。
表2 两组治疗前后乳房疼痛时间及肿块长径比较
。
9.3 两组乳房疼痛积分比较
两组治疗后乳房疼痛积分均明显低于治疗前(P<0.01),两组治疗后组间比较无显著性差异,见表3。
表3 两组治疗前后乳房疼痛积分比较(x±s)
。
9.4 两组乳房肿块硬度、范围、大小总积分比较
两组治疗后乳房肿块硬度、范围、大小总积分明显低于治疗前(P<0.01),两组治疗后组间比较差异显著(P<0.05),见表4。
表4 两组治疗前后乳房疼痛积分比较(x±s)
。
9.5两组治疗前后激素水平比较
两组治疗后E2、LH 水平均降低(P<0.05),FSH、P 水平均升高(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后E2、LH 水平均低于对照组的治疗后取值(P<0.05),治疗组治疗后的FSH、P取值均高于对照组治疗后的取值(P<0.05),见表5。
表5 两组治疗前后激素水平比较
。
9.6 治疗前后血脂水平比较
治疗组治疗后TG、TC、LDL-C 水平均明显下降(P<0.05), HDL-C 无明显变化(P>0.05);对照组治疗前后各血脂指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组治疗后TG、TC、LDL-C 水平均低于对照组治疗后(P<0.05),见表6。
表6 两组治疗前后血脂水平比较
。
需要说明的是,实施例2~5所得的药物制剂的用量依照实施例1中的中药组合物含量进行折算,所述实施例2~5的有效率不低于95%。
典型病例
刘女士,38岁,科研人员。身材瘦小,体弱多病,16岁时月经初潮,面色暗沉、粗糙无光泽,1年前触及双乳感觉疼痛且有结块,每于经行前期及情绪波动时,疼痛严重,伴有口渴、但欲漱水不欲咽等症状;曾自行服用“桂枝茯苓丸”、“逍遥丸”等中成药治疗,症状缓解,未予理会;后因工作原因与同事争吵,之后双侧乳腺疼痛加重,到医院诊治,发现双侧乳房可触及多个大小不等、形态不规则、边界不明显的肿块,有触痛,可活动,乳头无溢液,乳房外观无明显异常;此患者舌质暗红苔黄,舌下静脉色黑曲张,脉象沉涩;西医诊断确认为双侧乳腺增生;中医辨证为乳癖瘀血阻滞证。服用本发明实施例1的胶囊剂,每日早、中、晚各服用1次,每次5粒,10天为1个疗程,1个月后乳房疼痛减轻,面色暗沉改善,2个月后疼痛明显减轻,舌苔黄,舌质暗红,瘀斑缓解,继续服用6个月后,双乳肿块、乳房疼痛及伴随症状均消失,肌肤甲错消失,随访3年未复发。
吴女士,35岁,教师。2年前偶然发现双侧乳房触摸刺痛,随即通过观察发现该疼痛与月经周期相关,经前期疼痛,经期减弱,经后疼痛消失;在此期间如有贪凉饮冷、饮食起居无规律等因素,则疼痛加剧;此人肥胖无力,面色晦暗,舌体胖大,舌质暗红,苔白腻;B超检查:双侧乳腺小叶纤维性增生,乳钼靶X线检查:双乳腺小叶增生;西医诊断为乳腺小叶增生;中医诊断为乳癖血瘀痰凝型。服用本发明实施例2的颗粒剂,每日早、中、晚各服用1次,每次17.5克,水冲服,10天为1个疗程,服药2个疗程后恰逢月经周期,乳房疼痛明显减轻,感觉身体略有力量,继续服用10个疗程,双乳肿块及经期疼痛均消失,超腺体清晰,性激素检查正常,各伴随症状均消失,继续巩固服用10个疗程,随访3年未复发。
左女士,24岁,待业大学生。1年前大学毕业,毕业前参加全国硕士研究生考试,长期伏案复习,生活起居无规律,导致脾胃功能的受损;后因研究生复试成绩不理想而选择复考,长期的复习加上复试时的失利导致自此情绪低落,沉默寡言,不善与人接触,近3个月来感觉双侧乳房出现小结块,用手触及,隐隐作痛,月经来前,肿块变大,经后复小;B超检测:左侧乳房结块直径最宽约3.9cm,右侧最宽约4.1cm;查体:两乳有坚硬肿块,推之不移,其皮色如常;西医诊断为双侧乳腺增生,双侧乳腺导管扩张;该患者面色少华,精神欠佳,少气懒言,舌暗苔微黄,舌下脉络色深,脉来迟缓而涩,问诊得知食欲不振,月经量少有瘀块,经期腹痛;平日易于疲劳,精神倦怠;中医诊断为乳腺增生气滞血瘀型,服用本发明实施例5的丸剂,每次2丸,每日早、中、晚服用3次,服用1个月后,肿块缩小,疼痛减轻,3个月后硬块消失,疼痛及伴随症状均无,找到了满意的工作,每天乐此不疲的上班。
王女士,42岁,推销员。该患者长期从事推销工作,业务较为繁忙,午餐常省略,晚餐无准点,经常陪客人饮酒,饥饱无常;三年前右侧乳房发现肿块,同时伴有抽掣样疼痛,触摸则疼痛剧烈难忍,经期更是痛甚且伴有重度痛经,经血色黑夹杂血块;B超检测:右侧乳腺组织增厚,边界清晰,于右侧乳腺内侧象限可探及大小约20.3mm*10.4mm的低回声结节,边界清,于内侧的乳晕旁可探及大小约7.1mm*5.4mm的低回声结节,边界清,右侧乳腺外上象限可探及大小约15.3mm*10.6mm的低回声结节,边界清;西医诊断为右侧乳腺低回声结节;查体:身体消瘦,右乳房可扣及椭圆形肿块,外观隆起,表面欠光滑,质硬,活动度稍差;查体之时患者呈现剧烈疼痛面容,问诊获知该患者月经量少,经期错后,时常头晕乏力,饮食欠佳,舌暗红,苔薄白,脉细涩;中医诊断为乳癖脾虚瘀血阻滞证,服用本发明实施例5的丸剂,每次2丸,每天3次, 服用90天后, 诸症全消,继续巩固90天,随访2年未见复发。
钟女士,46岁,公务员。该患者体态清瘦,喜热畏寒,喜静恶动;5年前单位体检显示左侧乳腺体厚度为17cm,右侧乳腺体厚度为13cm,乳腺组织回声粗糙,结构紊乱,诊断意见为双侧乳腺增生;近1年多来双侧乳房胀痛明显,月经错后;查体乳部双侧均可扣及大小不等,质地较硬的包块,活动度好,表面光滑,触痛明显;舌体瘦长色红少津,苔白,脉沉细涩;中医诊断为乳癖瘀血阻滞型。服用本发明实施例4口服液,每次10ml,每天3次,服药6个月后,肿块消失,疼痛缓解,继续服用3个月后,月经周期正常,面色红润,浑身有力,怕冷症状消失,随访3年未见复发。
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述,但并不限于此,本领域的技术人员很容易根据上述实施例领会本发明的精神,并作出不同的引申和变化,但只要不脱离本发明的精神,都在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种防治瘀血阻滞型乳癖的中药组合物,其特征在于,其包括如下重量份的原料:金橘核 30-40份、玫瑰花 25-35份、皂荚子 25-35份、赤芍 25-35份、佛手 25-35份、木槿子22-28份、荔枝核 22-28份、金荞麦 18-22份、牡丹皮 18-22份、石菖蒲 18-22份、路路通18-22份、延胡索 18-22份、黄芪 18-22份、生甘草 16-20份、皂角刺 16-20份、牛蒡子 16-20份、山楂根 12-18份、丝瓜根 12-18份、蒲公英 8-12份、砂仁 8-12份和竹沥 8-12份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治瘀血阻滞型乳癖的中药组合物,其特征在于,其包括如下重量份的原料:金橘核 35份、玫瑰花 30份、皂荚子 30份、赤芍 30份、佛手 30份、木槿子25份、荔枝核 25份、金荞麦 20份、牡丹皮 20份、石菖蒲 20份、路路通 20份、延胡索 20份、黄芪 20份、生甘草 18份、皂角刺 18份、牛蒡子 18份、山楂根 15份、丝瓜根 15份、蒲公英 10份、砂仁 10份和竹沥 10份。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述的防治瘀血阻滞型乳癖的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括以下步骤:
(1)按照重量份称取原料药物金橘核、玫瑰花、皂荚子、赤芍、佛手、木槿子、荔枝核、金荞麦、牡丹皮、石菖蒲、路路通、延胡索、黄芪、生甘草、皂角刺、牛蒡子、山楂根、丝瓜根、蒲公英、砂仁和竹沥,备用;
(2)将金橘核、皂荚子、赤芍、木槿子、荔枝核、金荞麦、牡丹皮、路路通、延胡索、生甘草、皂角刺、牛蒡子、山楂根、丝瓜根和蒲公英加水煎煮2次;第一次加水量为没过药面2cm,沸腾之后文火煎煮50分钟;第二次加水量为没过药面1cm,沸腾之后文火煎煮30分钟;合并两次煎液,过滤获得滤液A;
(3)将玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手用水蒸气提取方法收集挥发油备用;
(4)步骤(3)中收集了挥发油之后的玫瑰花、石菖蒲、砂仁、佛手,继续利用步骤(2)得到水煎液A,所述水煎液A与滤液A合并,浓缩成比重为1.35的浸膏,再加90%-95%的乙醇进行醇沉,过滤沉淀后回收乙醇并浓缩,在45℃-50℃下干燥,制得干浸膏A;
(5)将黄芪加90%-95%的乙醇进行回流提取,提取液回收乙醇,在45℃-50℃下干燥,得干浸膏B;
(6)合并干浸膏A和干浸膏B,将其粉碎成粉,再加入竹沥干粉,混合均匀后再粉碎成细粉,喷入步骤(3)得到的挥发油,再次搅拌均匀,即得。
4.一种包含权利要求1~3任一项所述的防治瘀血阻滞型乳癖的中药组合物的中药制剂,其特征在于,其包括丸剂、颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂或口服液剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述胶囊剂的制备方法为,将所述中药组合物装入明胶硬胶囊。
6.根据权利要求4所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述颗粒剂的制备方法为,将所述中药组合物、蔗糖粉、麦芽糊精以质量比为2∶1∶0.5混合均匀,压制成颗粒剂。
7.根据权利要求4所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述片剂的制备方法为,将所述中药组合物直接压制成片。
8.根据权利要求4所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述口服液的制备方法为,将所述中药组合物加入体积分数为75%的乙醇,中药组合物全部溶解之后,静置24小时,滤过,回收乙醇,浓缩成60℃时相对密度为1.26-1.30的稠膏,加入蔗糖粉、山梨酸和蒸馏水;所述中药组合物、蔗糖粉、山梨酸的质量比为10∶1∶0.02;蒸馏水的加入量以达到每10ml药液含有所述中药组合物10g,滤过,灭菌,灌封,即得。
9.根据权利要求4所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述丸剂的制备方法为,每100g中药组合物粉末加入炼蜜30-50g,制丸,干燥,打光或包糖衣,即得。
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