CN108634246A - 一种即食鲜脆山药片及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种即食鲜脆山药片及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
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- A23L3/3481—Organic compounds containing oxygen
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种即食鲜脆山药片及其制备方法,其制备方法包括清洗、沸水煮、去皮和切片、保脆灭酶、护色、乳化和防腐、调味和真空包装,采用该方法生产出的产品可保持生鲜山药原有的形、色、味和良好的脆性口感,而且营养成分损失极少,且通过开发蒜香、麻辣、山海椒、海苔等多种口味,满足众多人群的口味需要,该即食鲜脆山药片提供了一种方便、休闲、营养、生鲜、绿色的山药的食用方式,是目前市面上没有的一种山药的食用方式。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农产品深加工领域,具体涉及一种即食鲜脆山药片及其制备方法。
背景技术
山药又称薯蓣、土薯等,为薯蓣科草质藤本植物,根茎棒状,生长在肥沃、排水良好的沙质土壤。原产亚洲,在我国南北各地均有栽培,并有野生分布,主产于河南、山西、山东、陕西等地。山药,人类自古食用,是人类食用最早的植物之一,其营养价值较高,含有丰富的维生素、氨基酸和多糖蛋白。山药是山中之药、食中之药,不仅可作为保健食品,而且还具有调理疾病的药用价值。《中华本草》记载山药具有滋养强壮、补中益气、强筋健脾、助消化、敛虚汗、止泻等功效,主治脾虚腹泻、肺虚咳嗽、糖尿病消渴、小便短频、遗精、妇女带下及消化不良等症状。山药食药兼用,在国内外市场上很受欢迎,且经济效益高、社会效益显著,在未来食品加工产业的发展中具有广阔的前景。
新鲜山药不易储存、保质期短,这些缺陷严重阻碍了山药的规模化种植和其产业化发展。深加工可大大提高山药的附加值,是解决山药大规模种植后滞销的重要途径,也是山药产业化发展的必由之路。目前山药主要用于鲜食,深加工产品还较少,主要有山药干、山药粉和山药饮料等,上述产品加工过程中或多或少的涉及到高温烘烤、油炸、热风干燥、真空微波、冷冻干燥等加工方法,导致失去了山药原有的风味,损失了大量营养成分,且产品形式单一。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述问题,本发明提供一种即食鲜脆山药片及其制备方法,采用该方法生产出的产品保持了鲜山药原有的形、色、味和良好的脆性口感,而且营养成分损失极少,是目前市面上没有的一种山药的食用方式。
为实现上述目的,本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种即食鲜脆山药片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗;
(2)沸水煮:将清洗后的山药放入沸水中煮0.5-1min;
(3)去皮和切片:去掉步骤(2)所得山药的外皮,然后将其切成1-2mm的薄片;
(4)保脆:将步骤(3)所得的山药片投入保脆液中进行浸泡,保脆液包括0.03wt%-0.09wt%氯化钙和0.03wt%-0.09wt%氯化镁,浸泡时间为1.5h-3.5h;
(5)灭酶:将步骤(4)所得的山药片放入水中进行煮沸灭酶,灭酶时间为1-4min;
(6)护色:将步骤(5)所得的山药片投入护色液中进行浸泡,护色液包括0.8wt%-1.5%wtVC和0.4wt%-1.0wt%柠檬酸,浸泡时间为1.5-3h;
(7)乳化和防腐:将步骤(6)所得的山药片按照山药:植物油:水=4-6:0.8-1.2:0.1-0.3的质量比进行混匀,然后加入食盐、乳化剂和防腐剂,继续混匀,乳化剂包括0.1wt%-0.5wt%大豆卵磷脂和0.1wt%-0.7wt%单硬脂酸甘油酯,防腐剂包括0.1wt%-0.5wt%山梨酸钾和0.05wt%-0.4wt%双乙酸钠;
(8)调味:在步骤(7)所得的山药片中加入调料进行调味;
(9)真空包装。
进一步地,步骤(2)中将清洗后的山药放入沸水中煮0.5min。
进一步地,步骤(4)中保脆液包括0.09wt%氯化钙和0.06wt%氯化镁,浸泡时间为2.5h。
进一步地,步骤(5)中灭酶时间为1.5min。
进一步地,步骤(6)中护色液包括1.2wt%VC和0.6wt%柠檬酸,浸泡时间为3.0h。
进一步地,步骤(7)中乳化剂包括0.25wt%大豆卵磷脂和0.25wt%单硬脂酸甘油酯。
进一步地,步骤(7)中防腐剂包括0.2wt%双乙酸钠和0.3wt%山梨酸钾。
进一步地,通过上述方法制备得到即食鲜脆山药片。
采取上述方案产生的有益效果为:
1、采用VC和柠檬酸作为本产品的护色剂是因为VC和柠檬酸均为纯天然的抗氧化酸性护色剂,通过清除氧及其与山药多酚氧化酶中金属离子络合降低酶活性等作用,使山药一定时间内不会变色;且VC和柠檬酸兼有良好的防腐性能,对人体不会造成伤害,并有一定保健作用。
2、采用氯化钙和氯化镁作为本产品的保脆剂是因为山药中的果胶酸与钙、镁离子结合生成果胶酸钙、果胶酸镁的盐类,这些盐类能在细胞间隙中起粘连作用,而使山药保持脆性,氯化钙和氯化镁作为保脆剂对人体无不良影响,且钙、镁离子本身也是人体所需要的矿物质。
3、大豆卵磷脂和单硬脂酸甘油酯均为食品级乳化剂,大豆卵磷脂可以清除血管中的垃圾,具有一定的保健作用,微量使用后对人体均不会产生危害。
4、山梨酸钾和双乙酸钠均为食品级防腐剂,山梨酸钾和双乙酸钠参与人体的正常代谢活动后,最终被氧化成二氧化碳和水,对人体无害。
5、将山药切成2mm的薄片时,山药的口感最佳,且加工过后能够较好的保持原有的外形。
6、灭酶时间定为1.5min时,灭酶效果较好的同时保证了山药的口感,时间过短灭酶不彻底,时间延长后山药口感明显变软。
7、本产品提供了一种新的、方便、休闲、营养、生鲜和绿色的山药的食用方式。
8、本产品制备方法简单,制作过程中原料未经过高温处理,最大限度的保留山药原有的形、色、味、良好的口感和营养成分。
9、采用真空包装,避免山药与空气接触,延长存放时间,密封保存,方便携带。
10、产品口味多样,可满足不同人群口味嗜好。
11、本产品的原料绿色新鲜,容易获取。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种即食鲜脆山药片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗;
(2)沸水煮:将步骤(1)所得的山药放入沸水中煮0.5min;
(3)去皮和切片:去掉步骤(2)所得的淮山药的外皮,然后将其切成2mm的薄片;
(4)保脆:将步骤(3)所得的淮山药片投入保脆液中进行浸泡,保脆液包括0.09wt%氯化钙和0.06wt%氯化镁,浸泡时间为2.5h;
(5)灭酶:将步骤(4)所得的淮山药片放入水中进行煮沸灭酶,灭酶时间为1.5min;
(6)护色:将步骤(5)所得的淮山药片投入护色液中进行浸泡,护色液包括1.2%wtVC和0.6wt%柠檬酸,浸泡时间为3.0h;
(7)乳化和防腐:将步骤(6)所得的淮山药片按照山药:植物油:水=5:1:0.2的质量比进行混匀,将混匀后淮山药片中加入食盐、乳化剂和防腐剂继续混匀进行乳化和防腐处理,乳化剂包括0.25wt%大豆卵磷脂和0.25wt%单硬脂酸甘油酯,防腐剂包括0.3wt%山梨酸钾和0.2wt%双乙酸钠;
(8)调味:在步骤(7)所得的淮山药片中加入调料进行调味;
(9)真空包装。
实施例2
一种即食鲜脆山药片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗;
(2)沸水煮:将步骤(1)所得的山药放入沸水中煮0.5min;
(3)去皮和切片:去掉步骤(2)所得的山药的外皮,然后将其切成1mm的薄片;
(4)保脆:将步骤(3)所得的山药片投入保脆液中进行浸泡,保脆液包括0.04wt%氯化钙和0.04wt%氯化镁,浸泡时间为2.0h;
(5)灭酶:将步骤(4)所得的山药片放入水中进行煮沸灭酶,灭酶时间为1min;
(6)护色:将步骤(5)所得的山药片投入护色液中进行浸泡,护色液包括0.9%wtVC和0.5wt%柠檬酸,浸泡时间为1.5h;
(7)乳化和防腐:将步骤(6)所得的山药片按照山药:植物油:水=4:0.9:0.2的质量比进行混匀,将混匀后山药片中加入食盐、乳化剂和防腐剂继续混匀进行乳化和防腐处理,乳化剂包括0.1wt%大豆卵磷脂和0.15wt%单硬脂酸甘油酯,防腐剂包括0.1wt%山梨酸钾和0.1wt%双乙酸钠;
(8)调味:在步骤(7)所得的山药片中加入调料进行调味;
(9)真空包装。
实施例3
一种即食鲜脆山药片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗;
(2)沸水煮:将步骤(1)所得的淮山药放入沸水中煮1min;
(3)去皮和切片:去掉步骤(2)所得的淮山药的外皮,然后将其切成1mm的薄片;
(4)保脆:将步骤(3)所得的淮山药片投入保脆液中进行浸泡,保脆液包括0.05wt%氯化钙和0.05wt%氯化镁,浸泡时间为2.5h;
(5)灭酶:将步骤(4)所得的淮山药片放入水中进行煮沸灭酶,灭酶时间为2min;
(6)护色:将步骤(5)所得的淮山药片投入护色液中进行浸泡,护色液包括1.0%wtVC和0.6wt%柠檬酸,浸泡时间为2h;
(7)乳化和防腐:将步骤(6)所得的淮山药片按照山药:植物油:水=3:1:0.2的质量比进行混匀,将混匀后淮山药片中加入食盐、乳化剂和防腐剂继续混匀进行乳化和防腐处理,乳化剂包括0.2wt%大豆卵磷脂和0.3wt%单硬脂酸甘油酯,防腐剂包括0.2wt%山梨酸钾和0.3wt%双乙酸钠;
(8)调味:在步骤(7)所得的淮山药片中加入调料进行调味;
(9)真空包装。
实施例4
一种即食鲜脆山药片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗;
(2)沸水煮:将步骤(1)所得的山药放入沸水中煮0.5min;
(3)去皮和切片:去掉步骤(2)所得的山药的外皮,然后将其切成2mm的薄片;
(4)保脆:将步骤(3)所得的山药片投入保脆液中进行浸泡,保脆液包括0.06wt%氯化钙和0.06wt%氯化镁,浸泡时间为3.0h;
(5)灭酶:将步骤(4)所得的山药片放入水中进行煮沸灭酶,灭酶时间为3min;
(6)护色:将步骤(5)所得的山药片投入护色液中进行浸泡,护色液包括1.2%wtVC和0.7wt%柠檬酸,浸泡时间为2.5h;
(7)乳化和防腐:将步骤(6)所得的山药片按照山药:植物油:水=5:1:0.2的质量比进行混匀,将混匀后山药片中加入食盐、乳化剂和防腐剂继续混匀进行乳化和防腐处理,乳化剂包括0.3wt%大豆卵磷脂和0.4wt%单硬脂酸甘油酯,防腐剂包括0.3wt%山梨酸钾和0.3wt%双乙酸钠;
(8)调味:在步骤(7)所得的山药片中加入调料进行调味;
(9)真空包装。
实施例5
一种即食鲜脆山药片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗;
(2)沸水煮:将步骤(1)所得的山药放入沸水中煮1min;
(3)去皮和切片:去掉步骤(2)所得的山药的外皮,然后将其切成2mm的薄片;
(4)保脆:将步骤(3)所得的山药片投入保脆液中进行浸泡,保脆液包括0.07wt%氯化钙和0.07wt%氯化镁,浸泡时间为3.0h;
(5)灭酶:将步骤(4)所得的山药片放入水中进行煮沸灭酶,灭酶时间为4min;
(6)护色:将步骤(5)所得的山药片投入护色液中进行浸泡,护色液包括1.4%wtVC和0.8wt%柠檬酸,浸泡时间为2.5h;
(7)乳化和防腐:将步骤(6)所得的山药片按照山药:植物油:水=5:1:0.2的质量比进行混匀,将混匀后山药片中加入食盐、乳化剂和防腐剂继续混匀进行乳化和防腐处理,乳化剂包括0.4wt%大豆卵磷脂和0.6wt%单硬脂酸甘油酯,防腐剂包括0.4wt%山梨酸钾和0.3wt%双乙酸钠;
(8)调味:在步骤(7)所得的山药片中加入调料进行调味;
(9)真空包装。
实施例6
一种即食鲜脆山药片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗;
(2)沸水煮:将步骤(1)所得的山药放入沸水中煮0.5min;
(3)去皮和切片:去掉步骤(2)所得的山药的外皮,然后将其切成2mm的薄片;
(4)保脆:将步骤(3)所得的山药片投入保脆液中进行浸泡,保脆液包括0.09wt%氯化钙和0.09wt%氯化镁,浸泡时间为3.5h;
(5)灭酶:将步骤(4)所得的山药片放入水中进行煮沸灭酶,灭酶时间为3min;
(6)护色:将步骤(5)所得的山药片投入护色液中进行浸泡,护色液包括1.5%wtVC和1.0wt%柠檬酸,浸泡时间为2.5h;
(7)乳化和防腐:将步骤(6)所得的山药片按照山药:植物油:水=5:1.2:0.1的质量比进行混匀,将混匀后山药片中加入食盐、乳化剂和防腐剂继续混匀进行乳化和防腐处理,乳化剂包括0.5wt%大豆卵磷脂和0.7wt%单硬脂酸甘油酯,防腐剂包括0.5wt%山梨酸钾和0.4wt%双乙酸钠;
(8)调味:在步骤(7)所得的山药片中加入调料进行调味;
(9)真空包装。
对比例1
一种即食鲜脆山药片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗;
(2)沸水煮:将步骤(1)所得的山药放入沸水中煮0.5min;
(3)去皮和切片:去掉步骤(2)所得的淮山药的外皮,然后将其切成2mm的薄片;
(4)保脆:将步骤(3)所得的淮山药片投入保脆液中进行浸泡,保脆液包括0.09wt%氯化钙和0.06wt%氯化镁,浸泡时间为2.5h;
(5)护色:将步骤(4)所得的淮山药片投入护色液中进行浸泡,护色液包括1.2%wtVC和0.6wt%柠檬酸,浸泡时间为3.0h;
(6)灭酶:将步骤(5)所得的淮山药片放入水中进行煮沸灭酶,灭酶时间为1.5min;
(7)乳化和防腐:将步骤(6)所得的淮山药片按照山药:植物油:水=5:1:0.2的质量比进行混匀,将混匀后淮山药片中加入食盐、乳化剂和防腐剂继续混匀进行乳化和防腐处理,乳化剂包括0.25wt%大豆卵磷脂和0.25wt%单硬脂酸甘油酯,防腐剂包括0.3wt%山梨酸钾和0.2wt%双乙酸钠;
(8)调味:在步骤(7)所得的淮山药片中加入调料进行调味;
(9)真空包装。
实验例
本发明的即食鲜脆山药片保持了鲜山药原有的形、色、味和良好的脆性口感,而且营养成分损失极少,且通过开发蒜香、麻辣、山海椒、海苔等多种口味,满足众多人群的口味需要。其理化性质检查也符合食品标准。
随机调研100人,分别从脆度、色泽、外形、腐败发霉情况和整体口感进行综合评分,评分方式为百分制,各人员评分的平均值作为评分结果,评分结果见表1。
表1:产品评分结果
项目 | 脆度 | 色泽 | 外形 | 腐败发霉情况 | 整体口感 |
实施例1 | 95 | 93 | 91 | 94 | 94 |
实施例2 | 85 | 83 | 86 | 86 | 85 |
实施例3 | 85 | 84 | 86 | 92 | 87 |
实施例4 | 86 | 87 | 89 | 94 | 89 |
实施例5 | 89 | 88 | 90 | 93 | 90 |
实施例6 | 91 | 89 | 89 | 94 | 91 |
对比例1 | 84 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 85 |
通过实施例1-6、对比例1和实验例得知,按照本发明提供的工艺参数和顺序生产出的产品,其在脆度、色泽、外形、腐败发霉情况和整体口感方面均优于对比例1生产所得的产品,尤其是实施例1所得产品各方面的性能均最佳。
Claims (8)
1.一种即食鲜脆山药片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗;
(2)沸水煮:将清洗后的山药放入沸水中煮0.5-1min;
(3)去皮和切片:去掉步骤(2)所得山药的外皮,然后将其切成1-2mm的薄片;
(4)保脆:将步骤(3)所得的山药片投入保脆液中进行浸泡,所述保脆液包括0.03wt%-0.09wt%氯化钙和0.03wt%-0.09wt%氯化镁,浸泡时间为1.5h-3.5h;
(5)灭酶:将步骤(4)所得的山药片放入水中进行煮沸灭酶,灭酶时间为1-4min;
(6)护色:将步骤(5)所得的山药片投入护色液中进行浸泡,所述护色液包括0.8wt%-1.5%wtVC和0.4wt%-1.0wt%柠檬酸,浸泡时间为1.5-3h;
(7)乳化和防腐:将步骤(6)所得的山药片按照山药:植物油:水=4-6:0.8-1.2:0.1-0.3的质量比进行混匀,然后加入食盐、乳化剂和防腐剂,继续混匀,所述乳化剂包括0.1wt%-0.5wt%大豆卵磷脂和0.1wt%-0.7wt%单硬脂酸甘油酯,所述防腐剂包括0.1wt%-0.5wt%山梨酸钾和0.05wt%-0.4wt%双乙酸钠;
(8)调味:在步骤(7)所得的山药片中加入调料进行调味;
(9)真空包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的即食鲜脆山药片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中将清洗后的山药放入沸水中煮0.5min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的即食鲜脆山药片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述保脆液包括0.09wt%氯化钙和0.06wt%氯化镁,浸泡时间为2.5h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的即食鲜脆山药片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中所述灭酶时间为1.5min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的即食鲜脆山药片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中所述护色液包括1.2wt%VC和0.6wt%柠檬酸,浸泡时间为3.0h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的即食鲜脆山药片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(7)中所述乳化剂包括0.25wt%大豆卵磷脂和0.25wt%单硬脂酸甘油酯。
7.根据权利要求1所述的即食鲜脆山药片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(7)中所述防腐剂包括0.2wt%双乙酸钠和0.3wt%山梨酸钾。
8.如权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法制备得到的即食鲜脆山药片。
Priority Applications (1)
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