CN108617890B - Feed for larvae of Aerugo chafer, preparation method of feed and soilless feeding method - Google Patents
Feed for larvae of Aerugo chafer, preparation method of feed and soilless feeding method Download PDFInfo
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- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- WEEMDRWIKYCTQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethoxybenzenecarbothioamide Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C(N)=S WEEMDRWIKYCTQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a feed for larvae of Aerugo chafer, a preparation method thereof and a soilless feeding method, wherein the feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of soybean whole plant powder, 90-120 parts of soybean powder, 180-240 parts of wheat bran, 25-35 parts of yeast extract powder, 1.5-3 parts of sorbic acid, 2.5-4 parts of ascorbic acid, 3-5 parts of antifungus, 2-5 parts of formaldehyde, 0.1-0.5 part of streptomycin sulfate, 12-18 parts of agar powder and 1000-1500 parts of water. The feed and the feeding method provided by the invention can improve the survival rate of the larvae and shorten the development days of the larvae when the larvae of the Aerugo chafer are artificially fed. The feed has the advantages of easily available raw materials, low cost, convenient preparation, comprehensive nutrient components, stable feeding effect, strong practicability, contribution to large-scale feeding of the larvae of the Aerugo chafer and remarkable economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a feed for larvae of Aerugo chafer, a preparation method of the feed and a soilless feeding method.
Background
The underground pests are important pests in agriculture and forestry production in China, the known types of the underground pests are more than 320, but the most serious harmful species are grubs which account for about 80 percent of the number of the underground pests, the mossback is the main dominant species in partial areas, and the number of the underground pests accounts for more than 70 percent of the total number of the grubs. According to statistics, the yield is reduced by 20-40% generally, the yield is reduced by 70-80% seriously, even the quality of agricultural products is reduced absolutely, and the underground pests become important factors which seriously affect the yield, quality and benefit of main crops.
Because underground pests are very hidden, the prevention and control difficulty is higher. The pesticide treatment of soil is a conventional chemical control measure for reducing the population base number of the field and controlling underground pests, but the pesticide with long residual effect period must be used, the pesticide such as hexachloro cyclohexane pesticide which is commonly used in the past is forbidden to be used due to long residual effect period and serious residue, and the underground pest damage in various regions is increased year by year along with the adjustment of the planting industry structure in various regions. In recent 20 years, following the trend of environmental protection, most of the pesticides newly introduced to the market are high-efficiency and low-residue pesticides, but the pesticides with obvious control effect on underground pests and low toxicity are few, so farmers have to illegally use highly toxic pesticides in order to control the damage of the underground pests, and the underground pest control becomes the biggest obstacle to the production of pollution-free agricultural products.
Therefore, in order to solve the problem that the soil insects are increasingly harmful in the current structure adjustment of the planting industry, the requirement of future green agriculture development is met, and comprehensive innovation of soil insect control technology is required. The method is based on the research and development of various adult trapping and killing measures, the screening of biological and non-pollution chemical pesticides, the development of ecological and behavior regulation and control technologies, the assembly of a system control technology for matching important underground pests as a key point, and the large-area application and demonstration of a new technology, so that farmers are guided to produce pollution-free agricultural products, and scientific support is provided for controlling the great occurrence potential of the underground pests and improving the pollution-free prevention and control and sustainable treatment level of the underground pests.
The completion of the above new technologies requires a large number of sources of test insects. Because the patina tortoises live in soil for a long time, the life habit and the growth and development rule are difficult to observe, a large amount of manpower and material resources are needed for field excavation investigation, and insect sources obtained in fields are easy to die indoors. In order to master the life and development rules of the Aerugo chafer and provide a reliable insect source for experiments, the raising technology of the Aerugo chafer is researched. Although the traditional indoor nutrient soil breeding method can provide insect sources, a large amount of manpower and material resources are needed for soil taking, the soil is difficult to disinfect, the breeding environment occupies a large area, the breeding environment cannot be carried out in a laboratory, the breeding environment is not easy to control, various pathogenic bacteria are easily infected under the natural environment, and destructive disasters are easily caused to the bred insect sources. Therefore, the breeding technology of the Aerugo chafer is comprehensively innovated, the research on the artificial feed formula development and the soilless artificial indoor breeding technology is carried out, so as to provide important research materials for the aspects of pathogen screening, medicament toxicity determination, virus proliferation and the like of the Aerugo chafer biological insecticide, provide more and better products for nuisanceless prevention and control and sustainable treatment of underground pests, and improve the yield, the quality and the benefit of agricultural products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a feed for larvae of Aerugo chafer, a preparation method thereof and a soilless breeding method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the feed for the larvae of the Aerugo chafer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of whole soybean powder, 90-120 parts of soybean powder, 180-240 parts of wheat bran, 25-35 parts of yeast extract powder, 1.5-3 parts of sorbic acid, 2.5-4 parts of ascorbic acid, 3-5 parts of antifebrile, 2-5 parts of formaldehyde, 0.1-0.5 part of streptomycin sulfate, 12-18 parts of agar powder and 1000-1500 parts of water.
The preparation method of the feed for the larvae of the Aerugo chafer comprises the following steps:
step (1), taking the whole soybean seedlings in the 5-6 leaf stage back to a room, cleaning, drying in the shade under natural conditions, crushing into powder by using a plant tissue crusher, and sieving to obtain whole soybean plant powder for later use;
step (2), taking soybean raw materials, crushing the soybean raw materials into powder by using a plant tissue crusher, and sieving the powder to obtain soybean powder for later use;
step (3), weighing wheat bran, whole soybean powder, soybean powder and yeast powder according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, putting into a steamer, steaming for 30 minutes, and cooling for later use;
step (4), taking water and agar powder according to the weight parts, putting the water and the agar powder into a beaker or a stainless steel pot, heating, and boiling until the agar powder is completely dissolved to obtain an agar solution for later use;
step (5), cooling the agar solution obtained in the step (4) to 30-40 ℃, putting the agar solution into a stirrer, then putting the steamed whole soybean powder, wheat bran and yeast powder, adding sorbic acid, ascorbic acid and formaldehyde according to parts by weight, and fully mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture for later use;
and (6) quickly pouring the prepared mixture into a sterilized plastic container, setting the material layer into different thicknesses according to the age of the mossback, laying a layer of sterilized toilet paper on the material layer after natural cooling, placing the material layer in a refrigerator for refrigeration for 24 hours, taking out the material layer, punching holes on the material layer by using test tubes, and finally placing the punched feed into a bug feeding box with a layer of sterilized toilet paper laid on the bottom layer, thereby completing the preparation of the feed for the larvae of the Aerugo Scarabaeus.
As a further optimization of the preparation method of the feed for the larvae of the Aerugo scarab, the thickness of the material layer in the step (6) is 0.8-1.2cm according to the size of the larvae, the thickness of the artificial feed for the first instar larvae is 1.6-2.4cm according to the size of the second instar larvae and the third instar larvae.
As a further optimization of the preparation method of the feed for the larvae of the Aerugo chafer, the diameter of the holes of the feed for the first instar larvae is 1.5cm, the diameter of the holes of the feed for the second instar larvae is 2cm, and the diameter of the holes of the feed for the third instar larvae is 2.5cm.
The method for soilless breeding of the larvae of the Aerugo chafer by using the feed comprises the following steps:
step one, the adult Aerugo scarab is treated according to the ratio of male and female 1:1 proportion is placed in an adult breeding box, 8-12cm thick sterile soil is paved in the breeding box, and eggs are taken every day and placed on sterilized gauze for hatching;
step two, taking eggs from soil, putting the eggs into a sodium hypochlorite solution with the mass concentration of 0.3%, soaking for 20 seconds, then taking the eggs out, putting the eggs into a culture dish paved with disinfected gauze or toilet paper, paving a layer of disinfected gauze or toilet paper on the culture dish, and regularly and quantitatively adding water to keep a certain humidity in the culture dish;
and step three, taking out the eggs after the larvae are hatched out, transferring the eggs into the feed in the insect breeding box, replacing the feed once in 7-12 days, cleaning and sterilizing the insect breeding box when the feed is replaced, and sorting the larvae when the first-instar larvae are peeled to become second-instar larvae and the second-instar larvae are peeled to become third-instar larvae.
As a further optimization of the soilless breeding method of the larvae of the Aerugo chafer, the temperature is controlled to be 22-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 70-75% and the photoperiod is indoor natural illumination in the breeding process.
As a further optimization of the soilless breeding method of the larvae of the anomala aeruginosa, the size of the insect breeding box is as follows: the size of 24X 15X 8cm, 70-80 heads of first instar larva can be inoculated at one time, 50-60 heads of second instar larva can be inoculated at one time, and 40 heads of third instar larva can be inoculated at one time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the feed and the feeding method provided by the invention can improve the survival rate of the larvae and shorten the development days of the larvae when the larvae of the Aerugo chafer are artificially fed. The feed has the advantages of easily available raw materials, low cost, convenient preparation, comprehensive nutrient components, stable feeding effect, strong practicability, contribution to large-scale feeding of the larvae of the Aerugo chafer and remarkable economic benefit.
When the feed provided by the invention is adopted for artificial soilless feeding, the survival rate of the first-instar larvae is 72.8 percent, which is 12 percent higher than that of the prior method of 60.8 percent; the survival rate of the first-instar larva after being peeled and changed into the second-instar larva is 86.6 percent, which is 2.3 percent higher than that of the traditional method with the survival rate of 84.3 percent; the average days for feeding the first-instar larvae are 16.1 days, which is 2.2 days shorter than the 18.3 days of the traditional method. Under the condition of artificial soilless feeding, the survival rate of the second-instar primary larvae is 85.5 percent, and is 12.2 percent higher than that of 73.3 percent of the traditional method; the survival rate of the second-instar larva after being peeled and changed into the third-instar larva is 80.9 percent, which is 14.8 percent higher than that of the traditional method with the survival rate of 66.1 percent; the average number of days for raising the second-instar larvae is 25.2 days, which is 7 days shorter than 31.9 days of the traditional method.
The soilless artificial breeding method of the larvae of the Aerugo chafer is convenient to develop indoors, the feed is easy to disinfect, the breeding environment is easy to control, a large amount of manpower and breeding space can be saved, the breeding environment is clean and is not easy to infect, a new thought and a new method are provided for breeding the larvae of the Aerugo chafer, and important research materials are provided for the aspects of pathogen screening, toxicity determination, virus proliferation and the like of biological insecticides for the larvae of the Aerugo chafer.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, reference will now be made to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention.
The feed for the larvae of the Aerugo chafer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of soybean whole plant powder, 90-120 parts of soybean powder, 180-240 parts of wheat bran, 25-35 parts of yeast extract powder, 1.5-3 parts of sorbic acid, 2.5-4 parts of ascorbic acid, 3-5 parts of antifungus, 2-5 parts of formaldehyde, 0.1-0.5 part of streptomycin sulfate, 12-18 parts of agar powder and 1000-1500 parts of water.
The preparation method of the feed for the larvae of the Aerugo chafer comprises the following steps:
step (1), taking the whole soybean seedlings in the 5-6 leaf stage back to a room, cleaning, drying in the shade under natural conditions, crushing into powder by using a plant tissue crusher, and sieving to obtain whole soybean plant powder for later use;
step (2), taking soybean raw materials, crushing the soybean raw materials into powder by using a plant tissue crusher, and sieving the powder to obtain soybean powder for later use;
step (3), weighing wheat bran, whole soybean powder, soybean powder and yeast powder according to the weight parts, uniformly mixing, putting into a steamer, steaming for 30 minutes, and cooling for later use;
step (4), taking water and agar powder according to the weight parts, putting the water and the agar powder into a beaker or a stainless steel pot, heating, and boiling until the agar powder is completely dissolved to obtain an agar solution for later use;
step (5), cooling the agar solution obtained in the step (4) to 30-40 ℃, putting the agar solution into a stirrer, then putting the steamed whole soybean powder, wheat bran and yeast powder, adding sorbic acid, ascorbic acid and formaldehyde according to parts by weight, and fully mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture for later use;
and (6) quickly pouring the prepared mixture into a sterilized plastic container, setting the material layer into different thicknesses according to the age of the larvae, namely setting the thickness of the artificial feed for the first-instar larvae to be 0.8-1.2cm, and setting the thickness of the artificial feed for the second-instar larvae to be 1.6-2.4cm, laying a layer of sterilized toilet paper on the artificial feed for the third-instar larvae after natural cooling, refrigerating the artificial feed for the first-instar larvae for 24 hours in a refrigerator, taking out the artificial feed for the first-instar larvae from the material layer, drilling holes on the artificial feed for the first-instar larvae by using test tubes, drilling holes on the feed for the second-instar larvae by using 2cm, laying the feed for the third-instar larvae by using 2.5cm, and finally placing the drilled feed into a pest-keeping box with a layer of sterilized toilet paper laid on the bottom layer to finish the preparation of the feed for the larvae of the mossbadopsis mossback.
The method for soilless breeding of the larvae of the Aerugo chafer by using the feed comprises the following steps:
step one, pressing the imagoes of the Aerugo scarab into a male-female pattern 1:1 proportion is placed in an adult breeding box, 8-12cm thick sterile soil is paved in the breeding box, and eggs are taken every day and placed on sterilized gauze for hatching;
step two, taking eggs from soil, putting the eggs into a sodium hypochlorite solution with the mass concentration of 0.3%, soaking for 20 seconds, then taking out, putting the eggs into a culture dish paved with disinfected gauze or toilet paper (the gauze or the toilet paper is wetted by water, and no clear water is on the upper surface), paving a layer of disinfected gauze or toilet paper on the culture dish, and regularly and quantitatively adding water to keep certain humidity in the culture dish;
thirdly, taking out the eggs after the larvae are hatched out, and transferring the eggs into feed in an insect box, wherein the size of the insect box is as follows: the size of the larva is 24 x 15 x 8cm, 70-80 heads of first instar larva can be inoculated at one time, 50-60 heads of second instar larva can be inoculated at one time, and 40 heads of third instar larva can be inoculated at one time; replacing the feed once in 7-12 days, cleaning and sterilizing the insect breeding box when replacing the feed, and sorting the larvae after the first-instar larvae are peeled to become second-instar larvae and the second-instar larvae are peeled to become third-instar larvae; the temperature is controlled at 22-27 deg.C, the humidity is controlled at 70-75%, and the photoperiod is indoor natural illumination.
Example 1:
the feed for the larvae of the Aerugo chafer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean whole plant powder, 90 parts of soybean powder, 240 parts of wheat bran, 25 parts of yeast extract powder, 1.5 parts of sorbic acid, 2.5 parts of ascorbic acid, 3 parts of antifungus, 2 parts of formaldehyde, 0.1 part of streptomycin sulfate, 12 parts of agar powder and 1000 parts of water.
The preparation method of the feed for the larvae of the Aerugo chafer comprises the following steps:
step (1), taking the whole soybean seedlings in the 5-6 leaf stage back to a room, cleaning, drying in the shade under natural conditions, crushing into powder by using a plant tissue crusher, and sieving to obtain whole soybean plant powder for later use;
step (2), taking soybean raw materials, crushing the soybean raw materials into powder by using a plant tissue crusher, and sieving the powder to obtain soybean powder for later use;
step (3), weighing wheat bran, whole soybean powder, soybean powder and yeast powder according to the weight parts, uniformly mixing, putting into a steamer, steaming for 30 minutes, and cooling for later use;
step (4), taking water and agar powder according to the weight parts, putting the water and the agar powder into a beaker or a stainless steel pot, heating, and boiling until the agar powder is completely dissolved to obtain an agar solution for later use;
step (5), cooling the agar solution obtained in the step (4) to 30-40 ℃, putting the agar solution into a stirrer, then putting the steamed whole soybean powder, wheat bran and yeast powder, adding sorbic acid, ascorbic acid and formaldehyde according to parts by weight, and fully mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture for later use;
and (6) quickly pouring the prepared mixture into a sterilized plastic container, setting the material layer into different thicknesses according to the age of the larvae, wherein the thickness of the artificial feed for the first-instar larvae is 1cm, and the thickness of the artificial feed for the second-instar larvae and the third-instar larvae is 2cm, spreading a layer of sterilized toilet paper on the artificial feed after natural cooling, placing the artificial feed for the first-instar larvae and the third-instar larvae in a refrigerator for refrigerating for 24 hours, taking out the artificial feed, drilling holes on the material layer by using test tubes, wherein the diameter of the holes on the feed for the first-instar larvae is 1.5cm, the diameter of the holes on the feed for the second-instar larvae is 2cm, and finally placing the feed with drilled holes into a pest box with a layer of sterilized toilet paper laid on the bottom layer to finish the preparation of the feed for the larvae of the Aeruga Chinemys reevesii.
The method for soilless breeding of the larvae of the Aerugo chafer by using the feed comprises the following steps:
step one, pressing the imagoes of the Aerugo scarab into a male-female pattern 1:1 proportion is placed in an adult breeding box, 8-12cm thick sterile soil is paved in the breeding box, and eggs are taken every day and placed on sterilized gauze for hatching;
step two, taking eggs from soil, putting the eggs into a sodium hypochlorite solution with the mass concentration of 0.3%, soaking for 20 seconds, then taking out, putting the eggs into a culture dish paved with disinfected gauze or toilet paper (the gauze or the toilet paper is wetted by water, and no clear water is on the upper surface), paving a layer of disinfected gauze or toilet paper on the culture dish, and regularly and quantitatively adding water to keep certain humidity in the culture dish;
step three, taking out the eggs after the larvae are hatched out, and transferring the eggs into feed in an insect breeding box, wherein the size of the insect breeding box is as follows: the size of the larva is 24 x 15 x 8cm, 70-80 heads of first instar larva can be inoculated at one time, 50-60 heads of second instar larva can be inoculated at one time, and 40 heads of third instar larva can be inoculated at one time; replacing the feed once in 7-12 days, cleaning and sterilizing the insect breeding box when replacing the feed, and sorting the larvae after the first-instar larvae are peeled to become second-instar larvae and the second-instar larvae are peeled to become third-instar larvae; in the raising process, the temperature is controlled to be 22-27 ℃, the humidity is 70-75%, and the photoperiod is indoor natural illumination.
Example 2:
the feed for the larvae of the Aerugo chafer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of soybean whole plant powder, 120 parts of soybean powder, 180 parts of wheat bran, 35 parts of yeast extract powder, 3 parts of sorbic acid, 4 parts of ascorbic acid, 5 parts of antifungus, 5 parts of formaldehyde, 0.5 part of streptomycin sulfate, 18 parts of agar powder and 1500 parts of water.
The preparation method of the feed for the larvae of the scarab aeruginosa is the same as that of the feed in example 1.
The method for carrying out the soilless breeding of the larvae of the scarab aeruginosa by using the feed is the same as the example 1.
Example 3:
the feed for the larvae of the Aerugo chafer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of soybean whole plant powder, 100 parts of soybean powder, 220 parts of wheat bran, 30 parts of yeast extract powder, 2 parts of sorbic acid, 3.5 parts of ascorbic acid, 4 parts of antifungus, 3.5 parts of formaldehyde, 0.3 part of streptomycin sulfate, 15 parts of agar powder and 1300 parts of water.
The preparation method of the feed for the larvae of the scarab aeruginosa is the same as that of the feed in example 1.
The method for carrying out the soilless breeding of the larvae of the scarab aeruginosa by using the feed is the same as the example 1.
Experimental study data
1. Comparison of artificial feed feeding and traditional feeding method for larvae of Aerugo chafer
1. Comparison of egg hatching
Eggs laid by adults on the day are picked in an egg laying box for later use. The test shows that the toilet paper is moisture-retaining and light-shading, the water content of the toilet paper is 16% of soil, and the water content of the toilet paper is 16% of soil and excrement (the weight ratio of the soil to the excrement is 3:1).
The toilet paper is moisturized and shaded, a layer of toilet paper is laid on the bottom layer of the culture dish, a certain amount of water is sprayed into the toilet paper (the paper is moisturized by the water, no clear water exists on the paper), the eggs are placed on the paper, a layer of dry paper is covered on the eggs, finally the culture dish is wrapped by newspaper and does not allow the interior of the culture dish to see light, the culture dish is placed in a climatic chamber, and water is added into the culture dish periodically to enable the culture dish to keep the original humidity.
The toilet paper is moisturized and not shaded, a layer of toilet paper is laid on the bottom layer of the culture dish, a certain amount of water is sprayed into the toilet paper (the paper is moistened by the water, no clear water exists on the paper), the eggs are placed on the paper, a layer of dry paper is covered on the eggs, the culture dish is directly placed in a climatic environment, water is added into the culture dish periodically, and the original humidity of the culture dish is kept.
Preparing pure soil with water content of 16 percent: taking sandy loam in the field, and exposing the sandy loam under the sun until the sandy loam is completely dry. Then the soil is put in an oven to be dried for 4 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and the water content is measured. Preparing test soil with the absolute soil content of 16% for later use. Laying a layer of soil with the water content of 16% on the bottom of a culture dish, placing eggs on the soil, covering the eggs with the soil, putting the culture dish into a climatic environment, and periodically and quantitatively adding water into the culture dish to keep the original humidity of the culture dish.
Preparing soil and excrement with water content of 16 percent: exposing the cow dung in sunlight until the cow dung is completely dried. Drying the soil and the cow dung in an oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 4 hours, and measuring the water content, wherein the soil and the cow dung are dried according to the weight ratio of 3:1, and then preparing soil and excrement with the absolute water content of 16 percent. Laying a layer of soil and excrement with the water content of 16% on the bottom of a culture dish, laying eggs on the soil, covering the eggs, putting the eggs into an artificial climate, and periodically and quantitatively adding water into the culture dish to keep the original humidity of the culture dish.
The artificial climate box is set to be 28 +/-0.5 ℃, and the light-dark ratio is 14:10, humidity 70%.
Table 1: soilless culture of verdigris Jin Guiluan
The hatchability of the verdigris Jin Guiluan is respectively 95.9 percent and 94.3 percent by the high hatchability of the paper for moisture preservation and shading and the soil and excrement, and the hatchability of the verdigris Jin Guiluan is obviously higher than the hatchability of the paper for moisture preservation and shading and the hatchability of pure soil eggs; the incubation days of the eggs, the days of the paper moisturizing and shading, the pure soil and the soil and excrement and the days of the paper moisturizing and shading are obviously different, and the former three days are obviously lower than the latter days. Therefore, the hatching of the verdigris Jin Guiluan is most beneficial under the conditions of paper moisture retention and light shielding and soil and excrement, which shows that the hatching rate of the verdigris Jin Guiluan is sensitive to light and nutrition.
2. Rearing comparison of larvae
2.1 first instar larva raising and Observation
2.1.1 Artificial feed feeding
And selecting the newly hatched first-instar larvae to be placed in a feeding box. The scale of the insect-breeding box is as follows: 24X 15X 8cm. And (3) placing 20 newly hatched larvae in each box according to the number of dates, checking the survival number of the newly hatched larvae in each box after 5 days, then placing 20 first instar larvae in each box according to the number of dates, regularly observing and determining the observation date of the second instar larvae, and observing the date and the number of the second instar larvae once every day when the first instar larvae are found. The feed is artificially prepared and is regularly replaced according to the feeding condition of the larvae.
Table 2: artificial feed feeding observation of first instar larvae of Aerugo chafer
The survival rate of the first instar larvae fed by the artificial feed is 72.8 percent, the survival rate of the first instar larvae peeled into second instar larvae is 86.6 percent, and the average number of days from the first instar larvae to the second instar larvae is 16.6 days.
2.1.2 feeding with conventional nutrient soil
And selecting the newly hatched first-instar larvae to be placed in a feeding box. The scale of the insect-breeding box is as follows: 24X 15X 8cm. And (3) placing 20 newly hatched larvae in each box according to the number of the dates, checking the survival number of the newly hatched larvae in each box after 5 days, then placing 20 first instar larvae in each box according to the number of the dates, regularly observing and determining the observation dates of the second instar larvae, and observing the dates and the number of the second instar larvae every day when the second instar larvae are found.
Preparing nutrient soil: taking sandy loam and cow dung in the field, and solarizing the sandy loam and the cow dung under the sun until the sandy loam and the cow dung are completely dried. The soil and cow dung are dried in an oven at 80 ℃ for 4 hours, the feeding soil is prepared by mixing the soil and the dung (the weight ratio is 3:1) into the material with the absolute water content of 15-18 percent and the thickness of the feeding soil is 5cm. According to the feeding condition of the larvae, the feeding soil is disinfected and replaced regularly.
Table 3: breeding, observing and first-instar larva of Aerugo chafer
The first-instar larvae are fed with nutrient soil, the survival rate of the first-instar larvae is 60.8 percent, the survival rate of the first-instar larvae which are peeled into second-instar larvae is 84.3 percent, and the average number of days from the first-instar larvae to the second-instar larvae is 18.3 days.
Under the condition of feeding by adopting the feed, the survival rate of the first-instar larvae is 72.8 percent, which is 12 percent higher than that of the prior method of 60.8 percent; the survival rate of the first-instar larvae which are fed by the artificial feed and are peeled into second-instar larvae is 86.6 percent, which is 2.3 percent higher than that of the first-instar larvae which are fed by the artificial feed and 84.3 percent higher than that of the traditional method; the average days of feeding the first instar larvae by the artificial feed are 16.1 days, which is 2.2 days shorter than the 18.3 days of the traditional method.
2.2 feeding and observing second-instar larvae
2.2.1 Artificial feed feeding
And selecting the newly hatched second-instar larvae to be placed in a feeding box. And (3) placing 20 larvae of the first two instars in each box according to the number of dates, checking the survival number of the larvae of the first two instars in each box after 5 days, placing 20 larvae of the second two instars in each box according to the number of dates, regularly observing and determining the observation date of the larvae of the third instar, and observing the date and the number of the larvae of the third instar once every day when the larvae of the first three instars are found. The feed is artificially prepared, and is replaced regularly according to the feeding condition of the larvae.
Table 4: artificial feed feeding observation of second-instar larvae of Aerugo chafer
The artificial feed is used for feeding the second-instar larvae, the survival rate of the second-instar larvae is 85.5 percent, the survival rate of the second-instar larvae which are peeled into third-instar larvae is 80.9 percent, and the average number of days from the second-instar larvae to the third-instar larvae is 25.2 days.
2.2.2 feeding with conventional nutrient soil
And selecting the newly hatched second-instar larvae to be placed in a feeding box. And (3) placing 20 larvae of the first two instars in each box according to the number of dates, checking the survival number of the larvae of the first two instars in each box after 5 days, placing 20 larvae of the second two instars in each box according to the number of dates, regularly observing and determining the observation date of the larvae of the third instar, and observing the date and the number of the larvae of the third instar once every day when the larvae of the first three instars are found. The breeding method is the same as 2.1.2.
Table 5: traditional method for feeding, breeding and observing second-instar larvae of Aerugo chafer
The second-instar larvae are fed with nutrient soil, the survival rate of the second-instar larvae is 73.3 percent, the survival rate of the second-instar larvae peeled into the third-instar larvae is 66.1 percent, and the average number of days from the second-instar larvae to the third-instar larvae is 31.9 days.
Under the condition of feeding by adopting the artificial feed, the survival rate of the second-instar primary larvae is 85.5 percent, and is 12.2 percent higher than that of 73.3 percent of the conventional method; the survival rate of the second-instar larvae which are fed by the artificial feed and are peeled into third-instar larvae is 80.9 percent, which is 14.8 percent higher than that of the second-instar larvae which are fed by the artificial feed and 66.1 percent higher than that of the third-instar larvae which are fed by the artificial feed; the average days for feeding the second instar larvae with the artificial feed are 25.2 days, which is 7 days shorter than 31.9 days of the traditional method.
Therefore, the survival rate of the larvae can be improved and the development days of the larvae can be shortened by using the artificial feed to feed the Aerugo chafer. The feed has the advantages of easily available raw materials, low cost, convenient preparation, comprehensive nutrient components, stable feeding effect, strong practicability, contribution to large-scale feeding of the larvae of the Aerugo chafer and remarkable economic benefit.
The soilless artificial feeding of the Aerugo scarab is convenient to develop indoors, the feed is easy to disinfect, the feeding environment is easy to control, a large amount of manpower, material resources and feeding space can be saved, the feeding environment is clean and is not easy to infect, a new thought and a new method are provided for the feeding of the Aerugo scarab, and important research materials can be provided for the aspects of pathogen screening, toxicity determination, virus proliferation and the like of the biological insecticide of the Aerugo scarab.
Claims (4)
1. A method for soilless breeding of larvae of Aerugo chafer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, pressing the imagoes of the Aerugo scarab into a male-female pattern 1:1 proportion is placed in an adult breeding box, 8-12cm thick sterile soil is paved in the breeding box, and eggs are taken every day and placed on sterilized gauze for hatching;
step two, taking eggs from soil, putting the eggs into a sodium hypochlorite solution with the mass concentration of 0.3%, soaking for 20 seconds, then taking the eggs out, putting the eggs into a culture dish paved with disinfected gauze or toilet paper, paving a layer of disinfected gauze or toilet paper on the culture dish, and regularly and quantitatively adding water to keep a certain humidity in the culture dish;
thirdly, taking out the eggs after the larvae are hatched out, transferring the eggs into feed in the insect box, replacing the feed once every 7 to 12 days, cleaning and disinfecting the insect box when the feed is replaced, and sorting the larvae when the first-instar larvae are peeled to become second-instar larvae and the second-instar larvae are peeled to become third-instar larvae;
the feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of soybean whole plant powder, 90-120 parts of soybean powder, 180-240 parts of wheat bran, 25-35 parts of yeast extract powder, 1.5-3 parts of sorbic acid, 2.5-4 parts of ascorbic acid, 3-5 parts of antifungus, 2-5 parts of formaldehyde, 0.1-0.5 part of streptomycin sulfate, 12-18 parts of agar powder and 1000-1500 parts of water;
controlling the temperature at 22-27 deg.C, humidity at 70-75% and light cycle under indoor natural illumination;
the insect breeding box is characterized in that the size is as follows: the size of 24X 15X 8cm, 70-80 heads of first instar larva can be inoculated at one time, 50-60 heads of second instar larva can be inoculated at one time, and 40 heads of third instar larva can be inoculated at one time.
2. The method for soilless breeding of larvae of chafer aeruginosa according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the feed for the larvae of the Aerugo scarab comprises the following steps:
step (1), taking the whole soybean seedlings in the 5-6 leaf stage back to a room, cleaning, drying in the shade under natural conditions, crushing into powder by using a plant tissue crusher, and sieving to obtain whole soybean plant powder for later use;
step (2), taking soybean raw materials, crushing the soybean raw materials into powder by using a plant tissue crusher, and sieving the powder to obtain soybean powder for later use;
step (3), weighing wheat bran, whole soybean powder, soybean powder and yeast powder according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, putting into a steamer, steaming for 30 minutes, and cooling for later use;
step (4), taking water and agar powder according to the weight parts, putting the water and the agar powder into a beaker or a stainless steel pot, heating, and boiling until the agar powder is completely dissolved to obtain an agar solution for later use;
step (5), cooling the agar solution obtained in the step (4) to 30-40 ℃, putting the agar solution into a stirrer, then putting the steamed whole soybean powder, wheat bran and yeast powder, adding sorbic acid, ascorbic acid and formaldehyde according to parts by weight, and fully mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture for later use;
and (6) quickly pouring the prepared mixture into a sterilized plastic container, setting the material layer into different thicknesses according to the age of the larvae, laying a layer of sterilized toilet paper on the material layer after natural cooling, refrigerating the material layer in a refrigerator for 24 hours, taking out the material layer, punching holes on the material layer by using test tubes, and finally putting the punched feed into a larva culturing box with a layer of sterilized toilet paper laid on the bottom layer, thereby completing the preparation of the feed for the larvae of the anomala aeruginosa.
3. The method for soilless breeding of larvae of chafer aeruginosa according to claim 2, wherein: the thickness of the material layer in the step (6) is 0.8-1.2cm according to the thickness of the artificial feed for the first instar larvae and the second and third instar larvae, and the thickness of the artificial feed is 1.6-2.4cm.
4. The method for the soilless breeding of the larvae of the chafer aeruginosa according to claim 2, wherein: the diameter of the holes of the feed for the first instar larvae is 1.5cm, the diameter of the holes of the feed for the second instar larvae is 2cm, and the diameter of the holes of the feed for the third instar larvae is 2.5cm.
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| KR20020003479A (en) * | 2000-07-05 | 2002-01-12 | 윤주삼 | Mixed feed composition of scarab and larvae |
| CN102293338A (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2011-12-28 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Artificial forage for larvae of Holotrichia parallcla, preparation method thereof, and application thereof |
| CN104996723A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2015-10-28 | 河北农业大学 | Formula and preparation method of artificial feeding feed for Holotrichia parallela |
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| KR20020003479A (en) * | 2000-07-05 | 2002-01-12 | 윤주삼 | Mixed feed composition of scarab and larvae |
| CN102293338A (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2011-12-28 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Artificial forage for larvae of Holotrichia parallcla, preparation method thereof, and application thereof |
| CN104996723A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2015-10-28 | 河北农业大学 | Formula and preparation method of artificial feeding feed for Holotrichia parallela |
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