CN108184545A - A kind of Resistant White mushroom culture material and preparation method thereof and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of Agaricus bisporus cultivation. The pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material includes components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of humified water-washed cow dung, 10-20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 5-15 parts of waste tobacco leaves, and 20-30 parts of edible fungus residue , 15-25 parts of cow dung, 0.5-1.5 parts of superphosphate, 1-3 parts of lime powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate and 0.5-1.5 parts of gypsum. Traditional Chinese medicine dregs and waste tobacco leaves not only contain a large amount of crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein and other nutrients that can be utilized by edible fungi, but also contain active ingredients such as alkaloids that have certain antibacterial, insecticidal and acaricidal effects. The humified washed cow dung contains a lot of humus, which is good for the absorption of Agaricus bisporus. The cultivation of Agaricus bisporus by selecting the cultivation material can not only provide rich nutrients for the Agaricus bisporus, but also use the resistant components of the raw materials to prevent pests and diseases.

Description

A kind of pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of Agaricus bisporus cultivation, and in particular relates to a pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background technique

Agaricus bisporus is a fungus of the family Agaricaceae of the Basidiomycetes Agaricaceae. It has been cultivated as an edible fungus for more than 300 years and is the world's largest commercially cultivated mushroom species. The traditional Agaricus bisporus cultivation mainly utilizes rice straw, wheat straw and cow dung to ferment and produce. Rice straw and wheat straw are not only widely used in the cultivation of edible fungi such as Agaricus bisporus, straw mushroom, and stropharia, but also used in papermaking and straw returning to the field. At the same time, the pretreatment period of rice straw and wheat straw is longer and requires more labor. Therefore, with the gradual increase in the cultivation of edible fungi such as Agaricus bisporus, the cost of their cultivation raw materials is gradually increasing, and the development of new cultivation substrates to broaden the source of raw materials is the only way for the stable and sustainable development of Agaricus bisporus.

In the production of Agaricus bisporus, due to the rich nutrition of the culture medium and the high air humidity, it is easy to produce diseases and insect pests. Common diseases include fungal diseases caused by fungi such as Verrucospora, Gypsum mold, and Verticillium, and fungal diseases caused by Pseudomonas, etc. Bacterial diseases, in addition to viral diseases caused by viruses. Pathogenic bacteria widely exist in soil, water, and compost. With the help of water spray, insect damage, and air transmission, the above-mentioned pathogens can easily cause rot, spots, and deformities after infecting Agaricus bisporus, and the diseased mushrooms partially or completely lose their edible value. Because Agaricus bisporus mycelium and fruiting bodies have special odors, they are attractive to various pests, especially during annual cultivation, pests and diseases are very easy to occur and accumulate. Common pests are mainly nematodes, mites and mosquitoes. Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies develop rapidly and have strong water absorption. Spraying pesticides can easily cause residues. At the same time, there is a lack of special pesticides for edible fungi in production, and plant fungicides are often used to cause phytotoxicity. Therefore, once pests and diseases occur in the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus control, often resulting in significant economic losses.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material and its preparation method and application, the Agaricus bisporus cultivation material reduces the risk of Agaricus bisporus infection from the source during the cultivation and production process, thereby providing high-quality Agaricus bisporus products.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of humified water-washed cow dung, 10-20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 5-15 parts of waste tobacco leaves, edible fungus 20-30 parts of fungal residue, 15-25 parts of cow dung, 0.5-1.5 parts of superphosphate, 1-3 parts of lime powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate and 0.5-1.5 parts of gypsum powder.

Preferably, the following raw material components are included in parts by weight: 25 parts of humified washed cow dung, 15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 10 parts of waste tobacco leaves, 25 parts of edible fungus residue, 20 parts of cow dung, 1 part of superphosphate, 2 parts of lime powder, 1 part of light calcium carbonate and 1 part of gypsum powder.

Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine dregs are obtained after water extraction of traditional Chinese medicines comprising the following weight components: 20-30 parts of Motherwort, 20-30 parts of Houttuynia cordata, 10-20 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis, and 20-30 parts of Amaranth And make gentleman 5～15 parts.

Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine dregs is obtained by extracting the following traditional Chinese medicines by weight: 25 parts of motherwort, 25 parts of Houttuynia cordata, 15 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 25 parts of amaranthus and 10 parts of Shijunzi.

The invention provides a preparation method of the described pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Raw material pre-wetting: mix humified water-washed cow dung, traditional Chinese medicine residue, waste tobacco leaves, edible fungus residue, and cow dung into a mixture, and pile the obtained mixture into a mixture pile with a height of 80-90 cm. Sprinkling water onto the mixed material pile until the water content of the mixed material is saturated to obtain a pre-wet mixed material;

(2) Primary fermentation: After the raw materials are pre-wetted, turn them over again and mix them evenly; according to the site conditions, stack the raw materials into a cuboid with a height of 1.2-1.5m and a width of 2.0m, and the length depends on the amount of compost; Turn the stockpile once every 5 to 6 days, and turn the stockpile three times in total. Before turning the stockpile, check the moisture content of the material. If the water is insufficient, you need to make up the water first, and then turn the stockpile to control the moisture content at 65wt% to 70wt%. Add calcium superphosphate and gypsum powder to the stockpile during the first turning, add 1/2 light calcium carbonate and 1/2 lime powder to the stockpile during the second turning, and add the remaining light calcium carbonate and lime powder to obtain pre-fermented material;

(3) Secondary fermentation: The pre-fermented material obtained after the above-mentioned primary fermentation is transported to the fruiting room cultivation layer frame, and the thickness of the material is 22-25 cm. The pre-fermented material is assisted by external heating. Heating the temperature to 58-60° C., keeping the heat for 10 hours, slowly lowering the temperature of the fermented material to 47-48° C. and maintaining it for 4-5 days to obtain the pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material.

Preferably, before mixing in the step (1), the humified water-washed cow dung, traditional Chinese medicine dregs, waste tobacco leaves, edible fungus dregs, and cow dung are respectively pulverized and sieved, and the particle size of the sieved is less than 20mm .

The invention provides the application of the pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material or the Agaricus bisporus cultivation material prepared by the method in the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus.

Preferably, the cultivation uses disease-resistant and pest-resistant soil covering materials; the soil covering materials include the following raw material components in volume percentages: 15% humified washed cow dung, 10% traditional Chinese medicine residue, 45% peat soil and 30% loess.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The invention provides a pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of humified water-washed cow dung, 10-20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 5-15 parts of waste tobacco leaves, edible fungus 20-30 parts of slag, 15-25 parts of cow dung, 0.5-1.5 parts of superphosphate, 1-3 parts of lime powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate and 0.5-1.5 parts of gypsum powder. In the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus, humified water-washed cow dung, traditional Chinese medicine residue, waste tobacco leaves, edible fungus residue, cow dung, light calcium carbonate and lime powder are compounded, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine residue is the residue after water extraction. The extensive use of traditional chemical pesticides has caused serious pollution to the environment. At the same time, with the transmission of the food chain, it will eventually cause various hazards to human health. Therefore, safe, non-polluting and environmentally friendly plant-based pesticides are becoming more and more popular. be valued. Botanical pesticides refer to preparations processed by using all or part of the organic substances of plant organisms and their secondary metabolites. The active ingredients of botanical pesticides are generally extracted with organic solvents such as alcohol, while the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines are usually extracted with water. Therefore, in addition to a large amount of crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein and other nutrients, the traditional Chinese medicine residue after water extraction still contains more antibacterial and insect-resistant components; waste tobacco leaves contain protein, cellulose and Lignin can be used by edible fungi, and it also contains alkaloids, which have a certain effect of killing insects and repelling mites. Therefore, the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus by selecting appropriate weight portions of traditional Chinese medicine dregs and waste tobacco leaves can not only provide nutrients for Agaricus bisporus, but also use the remaining resistant components therein to prevent pests and diseases.

At the same time, the present invention uses humified water-washed cow dung, traditional Chinese medicine residue, waste tobacco leaves and edible fungus residue as the cultivation material of Agaricus bisporus, opens up a new way for the cultivation raw material of Agaricus bisporus, broadens the source channel of cultivation raw material, and reduces the environmental pollution. Pollution has very significant environmental and economic benefits, and reduces the cost of Agaricus bisporus raw materials. The ingredients provided by the invention not only reduce the occurrence probability of diseases and insect pests, but also reduce the use of pesticides, thus ensuring the production of pollution-free Agaricus bisporus products.

Detailed ways

The invention provides a pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of humified water-washed cow dung, 10-20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 5-15 parts of waste tobacco leaves, edible fungus 20-30 parts of slag, 15-25 parts of cow dung, 0.5-1.5 parts of superphosphate, 1-3 parts of lime powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate and 0.5-1.5 parts of gypsum powder.

The Agaricus bisporus cultivation material provided by the invention comprises humified water-washed cow dung. In parts by weight, the amount of the humified water-washed cow dung is 20-30 parts, more preferably 25 parts. The humified water-washed cow dung contains higher organic matter, which is beneficial to the utilization of Agaricus bisporus. The organic matter content in the humified water-washed cow dung is more than or equal to 75%. The present invention has no special limitation on the source of the humified water-washed cow dung, and the source of humified water-washed cow dung well known in the art can be used. In the embodiment of the present invention, the humified water-washed cow dung was purchased from Shandong Qihe Chuangdi Biological Treatment Engineering Co., Ltd.

The Agaricus bisporus cultivation material provided by the invention includes traditional Chinese medicine dregs. In parts by weight, the amount of the traditional Chinese medicine dregs is 10-20 parts, more preferably 15 parts. The traditional Chinese medicine dregs include the following traditional Chinese medicine residues obtained by water extraction of the following weight components: 20-30 parts of Motherwort, 20-30 parts of Houttuynia cordata, 10-20 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis, 20-30 parts of Amaranth, 5 parts of Shijunzi ~15 servings. Preferably, the following components are included in parts by weight: 25 parts of Motherwort, 25 parts of Houttuynia cordata, 15 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis, 25 parts of amaranthus, and 10 parts of Shijunzi. The temperature of the water extraction is 100°C. The time for the water extraction is preferably 3-4 hours, more preferably 3.5 hours. The present invention has no special limitation on the sources of the traditional Chinese medicines, and the sources of traditional Chinese medicines well known in the art can be used.

The Agaricus bisporus cultivation material provided by the invention includes waste tobacco leaves. In parts by weight, the spent tobacco leaves are 5-15 parts, more preferably 10 parts. The waste tobacco leaves include shredded tobacco processing leftovers. In the present invention, there is no special limitation on the source of the waste tobacco leaves, and the sources of waste tobacco leaves well known in the art can be used.

The Agaricus bisporus cultivation material provided by the invention includes edible fungus residue. In parts by weight, the edible fungus residue is 20-30 parts, more preferably 25 parts. The edible fungus residue is the waste that has not been infected by miscellaneous fungi after harvesting edible fungi such as Flammulina velutipes or Pleurotus eryngii in industrialized production. In the present invention, there is no special limitation on the source of the edible fungus residue of the edible fungus, and the source of the edible fungus residue well known in the art can be used.

The Agaricus bisporus cultivation material provided by the invention includes cow dung. In parts by weight, the cow dung is 15-25 parts, more preferably 20 parts. The present invention has no special limitation on the source of the cow dung, and the source of cow dung well known in the art can be used.

The Agaricus bisporus cultivation material provided by the invention includes light calcium carbonate. In parts by weight, the light calcium carbonate is 0.5-1.5 parts, more preferably 1 part. The present invention has no special restrictions on the light calcium carbonate, and ordinary commercially available products can be used.

The Agaricus bisporus cultivation material provided by the invention includes superphosphate. In parts by weight, the calcium superphosphate is 0.5-1.5 parts, more preferably 1 part. The present invention has no special restrictions on the calcium superphosphate, and common commercially available products can be used.

The Agaricus bisporus cultivation material provided by the invention includes lime powder. In parts by weight, the lime powder is 1-3 parts, more preferably 2 parts. The present invention has no special restrictions on the lime, and common commercial products can be used.

The Agaricus bisporus cultivation material provided by the invention includes gypsum powder. In parts by weight, the gypsum powder is 0.5-1.5 parts, more preferably 1 part. The present invention has no special limitation on the gypsum, and common commercially available products can be used.

The invention provides a preparation method of the described pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Raw material pre-wetting: mix humified water-washed cow dung, traditional Chinese medicine residue, waste tobacco leaves, edible fungus residue, and cow dung into a mixture, and pile the obtained mixture into a mixture pile with a height of 80-90 cm. Sprinkling water onto the mixed material pile until the water content of the mixed material is saturated to obtain a pre-wet mixed material;

(2) Primary fermentation: After the raw materials are pre-wetted, turn them over again and mix them evenly; according to the site conditions, stack the raw materials into a cuboid with a height of 1.2-1.5m and a width of 2.0m, and the length depends on the amount of compost; 5-6d Turn the stockpile once, turn the stockpile three times in total. Before turning the stockpile, check the moisture content of the material. If the water is insufficient, you need to make up the water first, and then turn the stockpile to control the moisture content to 65wt% ~ 70wt%. Add calcium superphosphate and gypsum powder to the material pile during the first turning, add 1/2 light calcium carbonate and 1/2 lime powder to the material pile during the second turning, and add the remaining Light calcium carbonate and lime powder, obtain pre-fermented material;

(3) Secondary fermentation: transport the pre-fermented material to the cultivation layer of the fruiting room to spread the material, the thickness of the material is 22-25 cm, and heat the pre-fermented material to 58 cm by external heating. ~60°C, heat preservation for 10 hours, slowly lower the temperature of the obtained fermented material to 47-48°C and maintain it for 4-5 days to obtain the cultivation material of Agaricus bisporus resistant to diseases and insect pests.

In the present invention, the humified water-washed cow dung, traditional Chinese medicine dregs, waste tobacco leaves, and edible fungus residues are preferably pulverized before the raw materials are mixed; the humified water-washed cow dung, Chinese medicine residues, waste tobacco leaves, It is preferable that the pulverized particle size of fungal residue is independently 3-20 mm.

There is no special limitation on mixing in the present invention, and mechanical mixing or manual mixing well known in the art can be used. The height of the mixed stock pile is preferably 85 cm. The water is preferably well water or tap water.

In the present invention, the length of the cuboid stockpile is determined by the quality of the pre-wet mixture. The water content of the control cuboid stockpile during fermentation is preferably 68wt%.

The invention provides the application of the pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material or the Agaricus bisporus cultivation material prepared by the method in the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus.

In the present invention, the material for covering soil in Agaricus bisporus cultivation preferably includes the following raw material components in volume percentage: 15% humified washed cow dung, 10% traditional Chinese medicine residue, 45% peat soil and 30% loess. Before using the material for covering soil, it is preferable to add lime powder to adjust the pH value to 7.5-8, adjust the water content to 40wt%-50wt%, and then disinfect it with formaldehyde solution, and then fumigate and sterilize it under closed conditions for 2-4 days, and spread it again. Open to dry for 2 to 3 days, and then adjust the water content to 45wt% to 50wt% for later use. The preparation method and components of the humified water-washed cow dung and traditional Chinese medicine dregs are the same as the above-mentioned technical scheme, and will not be repeated here.

A kind of pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material provided by the present invention and its preparation method and application are described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but they cannot be interpreted as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

100kg of motherwort, 100kg of houttuynia, 60kg of scutellaria baicalensis, 100kg of amaranthus, and 40kg of junzi were respectively extracted with water at 100°C for 3 hours and mixed to obtain traditional Chinese medicine residue.

Weigh the following quality raw materials: 500kg of humified washed cow dung, 300kg of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 200kg of waste tobacco leaves, 500kg of enoki mushroom residue, 400kg of yellow cow dung, 20kg of calcium superphosphate, 40kg of lime powder, 20kg of light calcium carbonate, and 20kg of gypsum. After the above raw materials are respectively crushed and sieved, materials with a particle size of 3-20 mm in length are obtained. The raw materials are fully mixed to obtain the premixed cultivation material. The premixed cultivation material is built into a pile with a height of 0.8m, and water is poured into the pile until it reaches saturation, so as to obtain the pre-wetted cultivation material.

The pre-wetted planting material is evenly piled up into a cuboid with a height of 1.2m and a width of 2.0m. Turn the stockpile every 5 days for a total of three times, and control the water content of the stockpile to 65% to 70%. Add calcium superphosphate and gypsum to the material pile during the first turning, add 1/2 light calcium carbonate and 1/2 lime to the material pile during the second turning, and add the remaining light calcium carbonate and 1/2 lime during the third turning. quality calcium carbonate and lime to obtain pre-fermented material. Transport the pre-fermented material obtained above to the fruiting room cultivation layer and spread the material, the thickness of the material is 22cm, and heat the pre-fermented material to 58-60°C by means of external heating and auxiliary heating, and keep it warm for 10 hours. Slowly lower the temperature of the obtained fermentation material to 47-48°C and maintain it for 5 days to obtain the cultivation material of Agaricus bisporus resistant to pests;

Cooling and sowing: introduce outdoor fresh air to cool down, reduce the temperature of the compost to 28°C, spray water on the surface of the compost, adjust the water content of the compost to 65wt%, and sow when the ammonia content is <5ppm, and the sowing method is 1/2 strain For hole sowing and surface sowing of 1/2 strain, the total amount of seed used is 0.5kg/m ² .

Bacteria and covering soil: after sowing, close the doors and windows to keep warm and keep moist for 3 days.

Cover soil when Agaricus bisporus mycelium reaches 2/3 of the material thickness.

The soil covering material used in this example is composed of the following raw materials in volume percentage: 15% humified washed cow dung, 10% traditional Chinese medicine residue, 45% peat soil, and 30% loess. Add lime powder to the soil mixture before use to adjust the pH value to 7.5, adjust the water content to 45wt%, and then sterilize it with formaldehyde, fumigate and sterilize the covering film for 2 days, then spread it out to dry for 2 days, adjust the water content to 50wt%, and set aside .

The traditional Chinese medicine dregs are prepared according to the above scheme.

The loess is clay loam at 20 cm below the plow layer of the farmland, the addition of lime powder is 3-5% of the soil-covering mixture, and the addition of formaldehyde is 2% of the soil-covering mixture.

Fruiting and harvesting are carried out according to the existing management methods.

Example 2

120kg of motherwort, 80kg of houttuynia, 40kg of scutellaria baicalensis, 120kg of amaranthus, and 40kg of junzi were respectively extracted with water at 100°C for 3.5 hours and mixed to obtain traditional Chinese medicine residue.

Weigh the following quality raw materials: 500kg of humified washed cow dung, 300kg of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 200kg of waste tobacco leaves, 500kg of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue, 400kg of cow dung, 20kg of calcium superphosphate, 40kg of lime powder, 20kg of light calcium carbonate, gypsum 30kg. After the above raw materials are respectively crushed and sieved, materials with a particle size of 3-20 mm in length are obtained. The raw materials are fully mixed to obtain the premixed cultivation material. The premixed cultivation material is built into a pile with a height of 0.8m, and water is poured into the pile until it reaches saturation, so as to obtain the pre-wetted cultivation material.

After the raw materials are pre-wetted, turn them over again and mix them evenly. Stack the raw materials into a cuboid with a height of 1.2m and a width of 2.0m. The stockpile was turned every 6 days for a total of three times, and the water content of the stockpile was controlled to be 70wt%. Add calcium superphosphate and gypsum to the material pile during the first turning, add 1/2 light calcium carbonate and 1/2 lime to the material pile during the second turning, and add the remaining light calcium carbonate and 1/2 lime during the third turning. quality calcium carbonate and lime to obtain pre-fermented material. Transport the pre-fermented material obtained above to the fruiting room cultivation layer and spread the material, the thickness of the material is 25cm, heat the pre-fermented material to 58°C by means of external heating and auxiliary heating, and keep it warm for 10 hours, and the obtained The temperature of the fermented material is slowly lowered to 47° C. and maintained for 5 days to obtain the cultivation material of the pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus;

Cooling and sowing: introduce outdoor fresh air to cool down, reduce the temperature of the compost to 28°C, spray water on the surface of the compost, adjust the water content of the compost to 68wt%, and sow when the ammonia content is <5ppm, and the sowing method is 1/2 strain For hole sowing and surface sowing of 1/2 strain, the total amount of seed used is 0.5kg/m ² .

Bacteria and covering soil: after sowing, close the doors and windows to keep warm and keep moist for 3 days.

Cover soil when Agaricus bisporus mycelium reaches 2/3 of the material thickness.

The covering soil material used in this embodiment is composed of the following raw materials in volume percentage: 15% humified washed cow dung, 10% traditional Chinese medicine residue, 45% peat soil, and 30% loess. Before use, add lime powder to the soil mixture to adjust the pH value to 8, adjust the water content to 40wt%, and then sterilize it with formaldehyde, fumigate and sterilize the covering film for 2 days, then spread it out to dry for 2 days, adjust the water content again to 45wt%, and set aside .

The traditional Chinese medicine dregs are prepared according to the above scheme.

The loess is clay loam at 20 cm below the plow layer of the farmland, the addition of lime powder is 3-5% of the soil-covering mixture, and the addition of formaldehyde is 2% of the soil-covering mixture.

Fruiting and harvesting are carried out according to the existing management methods.

Comparative example 1

Traditional wheat straw cultivation of Agaricus bisporus

Compost formula: 60% wheat straw, 35% cow dung, 1% gypsum, 1% lime, 1% compound fertilizer, 2% superphosphate.

The production of culture material includes the following steps:

(1) Culture medium pre-wet:

Wheat straw and cow dung were piled up in a small amount and sprayed with water several times to pre-wet. Among them, wheat stalks are harder and more waxy. Before the pile, they must be cut into 10-15 cm long, and then pre-wetted after being flattened.

(2) Primary fermentation:

Build piles: The stockpile runs north-south, with drainage ditches around it. When stacking materials, first spread a layer of wheat straw 30 cm thick and 2.5 meters wide. On the wheat straw, spread a layer of cow dung of about 3 cm, sprinkle gypsum, superphosphate and lime, and so on. Add compound fertilizer, and start watering, the more water you go up, the more water should be poured on the wheat straw, so that one layer of wheat straw and one layer of dung are each spread about 8 layers, the height of the pile is 2.5 meters, the four sides are basically vertical up and down, and the top of the pile is in the shape of Turtle-shaped, covered with a layer of straw on top. The compound fertilizer is added at one time when building the heap, and the gypsum, lime, and superphosphate are added in three times during the heap building, the first turning, and the second turning. The stockpile needs to be covered with straw curtains or shed film to prevent the sun and rain.

The first turning: the first turning is carried out on the 7th day after the pile is built. Water the upper part of the stockpile one day before turning over, and pour enough water layer by layer when turning over, and a small amount of water will flow out around it after the pile is completed. When turning over the pile, the wheat straw needs to be shaken loose, and the wheat straw and dung should be mixed evenly as much as possible, and the original position should be reversed by turning inside out, up and down. Still starting with layer 4, add half of the remaining gypsum and superphosphate.

The second turning: 6 days after the first turning, carry out the second turning, and add the remaining gypsum and superphosphate, and the width of the pile will be reduced to 2 meters. It is advisable to adjust the water content so that 3-4 drops of water can be squeezed out.

The third turning: 5 days after the second turning, the temperature of the material reaches about 70°C and the third turning is carried out, the method is the same as above.

The 4th turning: The 4th turning is carried out 4 days after the 3rd turning. Check the water content, hold the culture material tightly with your hands, and drip 1 to 2 drops of water between your fingers. If the water is not suitable, adjust it with 1% lime water. If the water is too much, you should improve the ventilation condition, and prepare 0.5% dichlorvos to spray the insects.

(3) Secondary fermentation: after the 4th turning over, put the material into the bed, close the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and turn on the indoor circulation fan. When the temperature of the material reaches 45°C, use external heating to assist heating. After 10 hours, the external heating was stopped, and the material temperature was slowly lowered to 55° C. for 5 days.

(4) Cooling and sowing: introduce outdoor fresh air to cool down, reduce the temperature of the compost to 28°C, spray water on the surface of the compost, adjust the water content of the compost to 70%, sow when the ammonia gas content is <5ppm, and the sowing method is 1/ 2 strains are planted in holes, 1/2 strains are sown on the surface, and the total amount of seeds used is 0.5kg/m ² .

(5) Bacteria and covering soil: after sowing, close the doors and windows to keep warm and keep moist for 3 days, the mycelia will germinate and feed, and turn on the fresh fan for a little ventilation. Cover soil when Agaricus bisporus mycelium reaches 2/3 of the material thickness.

The soil covering material used is loess. Before use, add 5% lime powder to adjust the PH value to 8, adjust the water content to 25wt%, and then sterilize it with 3% formaldehyde, fumigate and sterilize the covering film for 2 days, then spread it out to dry for 24 hours, and adjust the water content to 25wt% , covering soil.

(6) Fruiting and harvesting shall be carried out according to the existing management methods.

Test result: as can be seen from Table 1, no disease occurs in the whole process of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, and the incidence rate of verruca spp. in the first head of the comparative example is 5%, and that of the second mushroom reaches 11.5%, and there is a small amount of black spot in addition Occurrence; Embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 whole insect damages take place slightly, comparative ratio insect damages are more serious. It can be seen from Table 2 that the fermentation treatment days of the compost of Example 1 and Example 2 are significantly shorter than that of the comparative example, and the biotransformation rate (fresh weight of the fruit body/dry weight of the compost*100%) is significantly higher than that of the comparative example. The invention has good application effect.

Table 1 Effects of different treatments on Agaricus bisporus pests and diseases

Note: Hang the yellow board after covering the soil, and investigate the number of insects attracted by the yellow board and the occurrence of verruca and other diseases when the first and second mushrooms are harvested.

The impact of different treatments on the cultivation cycle in table 2

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material, characterized in that it comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of humified washed cow dung, 10-20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 5-15 parts of waste tobacco leaves, 20-30 parts of edible mushroom residue, 15-25 parts of cow dung, 0.5-1.5 parts of superphosphate, 1-3 parts of lime powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate and 0.5-1.5 parts of gypsum powder. 2. Agaricus bisporus cultivation material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the raw material component of following parts by weight: 25 parts of humified water-washed cow dung, 15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine dregs, 10 parts of waste tobacco leaves, edible fungus dregs 25 parts, cow dung 20 parts, superphosphate 1 part, lime powder 2 parts, light calcium carbonate 1 part and gypsum powder 1 part. 3. The Agaricus bisporus cultivation material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the Chinese medicine dregs are Chinese medicine residues obtained after water extraction of Chinese medicines comprising the following weight components: 20-30 parts of Motherwort, 20 parts of Houttuynia cordata ～30 parts, 10～20 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis, 20～30 parts of amaranthus and 5～15 parts of Shijunzi. 4. The cultivation material of Agaricus bisporus according to claim 3, characterized in that, the Chinese medicine dregs preferably include the following Chinese medicine residues obtained after water extraction of Chinese medicines in parts by weight: 25 parts of Motherwort, 25 parts of Houttuynia cordata, and 15 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis , 25 parts of amaranthus and 10 parts of Shi Junzi. 5. The preparation method of the pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (1) Raw material pre-wetting: mix humified water-washed cow dung, traditional Chinese medicine residue, waste tobacco leaves, edible fungus residue, and cow dung into a mixture, and pile the obtained mixture into a mixture pile with a height of 80-90 cm. Sprinkling water onto the mixed material pile until the water content of the mixed material is saturated to obtain a pre-wet mixed material; (2) Primary fermentation: After the raw materials are pre-wetted, turn them over again and mix them evenly; according to the site conditions, stack the raw materials into a cuboid with a height of 1.2-1.5m and a width of 2.0m, and the length depends on the amount of compost; Turn the stockpile once every 5-6 days, and turn the stockpile three times in total. Before turning the stockpile, check the moisture content of the material. If the water is insufficient, you need to make up the water first, and then turn the stockpile to control the moisture content to 65wt% ~ 70wt%. Add calcium superphosphate and gypsum powder to the material pile during the first turning, add 1/2 light calcium carbonate and 1/2 lime powder to the material pile during the second turning, and add the remaining Light calcium carbonate and lime powder, obtain pre-fermented material; (3) Secondary fermentation: The pre-fermented material obtained after the above-mentioned primary fermentation is transported to the fruiting room cultivation layer frame, and the thickness of the material is 22-25 cm. The pre-fermented material is assisted by external heating. Heating the temperature to 58-60° C., keeping the heat for 10 hours, slowly lowering the temperature of the fermented material to 47-48° C. and maintaining it for 4-5 days to obtain the pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material. 6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, before pre-wetting in the step (1), edible fungus residues, traditional Chinese medicine residues, waste tobacco leaves, and cow dung are respectively crushed and sieved, and the The particle size of the sieve is less than 20mm. 7. The application of the pest-resistant Agaricus bisporus cultivation material described in any one of claims 1 to 4 or the Agaricus bisporus cultivation material prepared by the method described in claim 5 or 6 in the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus. 8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, the cultivation adopts disease and insect-resistant earth covering material; the earth covering material comprises the following raw material components in volume percentage: 15% humified water-washed cow dung, 10% traditional Chinese medicine slag, 45% peat soil and 30% loess.