CN108184545A - A kind of Resistant White mushroom culture material and preparation method thereof and application - Google Patents
A kind of Resistant White mushroom culture material and preparation method thereof and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108184545A CN108184545A CN201810222280.9A CN201810222280A CN108184545A CN 108184545 A CN108184545 A CN 108184545A CN 201810222280 A CN201810222280 A CN 201810222280A CN 108184545 A CN108184545 A CN 108184545A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Resistant White mushroom culture materials and preparation method thereof and application, belong to White mushroom technical field of cultivation.The Resistant White mushroom culture material, the component including parts by weight：0.5~1.5 part of 20~30 parts of cow dung of humification washing, 10~20 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 5~15 parts of waste/hypo-tobacco leaf, 20~30 parts of edible fungi residue, 15~25 parts of cow dung, 0.5~1.5 part of calcium superphosphate, 1~3 part of pulverized limestone, 0.5~1.5 part of precipitated calcium carbonate and gypsum.Chinese medicine slag can be eaten bacterium utilization with being removed in waste/hypo-tobacco leaf containing nutritional ingredients such as a large amount of crude fibre, crude fat, crude protein, while also containing alkaloid isoreactivity ingredient there is certain antibacterial desinsection to drive mite effect.Humification washing cow dung contains the absorption that a large amount of humus are conducive to White mushroom.It selects the culture material cultivating agaricus bisporus that can not only provide abundant nutriment for White mushroom, also utilizes the resistance ingredient of raw material, pre- preventing disease and pest.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to White mushroom technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of Resistant White mushroom culture material and its making side
Method and application.
Background technology
White mushroom system Basidiomycotina Agaricales Agaricus edibilis fungi, has more than 300 years history as edible fungus culturing, is generation
The first big business cultured mushroom kind of boundary.Traditional White mushroom cultivation is mainly produced using straw, wheat straw and cattle manure.Straw, wheat
Straw are not only widely applied on the edible fungus culturings such as White mushroom, straw mushroom, Stropharia rugoso-annulata, are also largely used to papermaking and stalk
The purposes such as returning to the field, while the pre-processing period of straw, wheat straw is longer, recruitment is more, therefore with edible fungus culturings such as White mushrooms
The gradual increase of amount, culturing raw material cost is gradually increasing, develop novel cultivation matrix widen raw material sources be White mushroom it is stable,
The only way of sustainable development.
In White mushroom production, since culture base-material is full of nutrition, air humidity easily generates greatly pest and disease damage, common disease
Including as fungus-caused fungal disease and the bacteriums as caused by Pseudomonas alba etc. such as wart spore is mould, gypsum is mould, Verticilliums
Venereal disease is done harm to, in addition Disease also caused by virus.Pathogen is widely present in soil, water and compost, by
Water spray, insect pest and air borne, above-mentioned germ be easy to cause rotten, long spot, deformity etc. after infecting White mushroom, and sick mushroom is partly or completely
It is complete to lose edible value.Since there is special odor to have attractability to various pests for button mushroom filament and fructification, especially
During annually cultivating, pest and disease damage easily occurs, gathers.Common pests mainly have nematode, acarid and mosquitos and flies class.White mushroom fructification is sent out
Educate that rapid, water imbibition is strong, spraying pesticide easily causes to remain, while edible mushroom special agent lacks in producing, and often borrows plant
Sterilizing insecticide and easily generate poisoning, therefore White mushroom cultivation in once occur the extremely difficult control of pest and disease damage, often result in great
Economic loss.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Resistant White mushroom culture material and preparation method thereof and application, double spores
Mushroom culture material reduces the risk that White mushroom is infected in production process is cultivated by pest and disease damage from source, has good quality so as to provide
White mushroom product.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
The present invention provides a kind of Resistant White mushroom culture materials, include the raw material components of following parts by weight：Humification water
Wash 20~30 parts of cow dung, 10~20 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 5~15 parts of waste/hypo-tobacco leaf, 20~30 parts of edible fungi residue, cow dung 15~25
Part, 0.5~1.5 part of calcium superphosphate, 1~3 part of pulverized limestone, 0.5~1.5 part of precipitated calcium carbonate and 0.5~1.5 part of land plaster.
Preferably, include the raw material components of following parts by weight：25 parts of cow dung of humification washing, 15 parts of Chinese medicine slag, useless cigarette
10 parts of leaf, 25 parts of edible fungi residue, 20 parts of cow dung, 1 part of calcium superphosphate, 2 parts of pulverized limestone, 1 part of precipitated calcium carbonate and land plaster 1
Part.
Preferably, the Chinese medicine slag is to include the Chinese medicine slag that the Chinese medicine of following components by weight percent obtains after water carries：It is beneficial female
5~15 parts of 20~30 parts of grass, 20~30 parts of cordate houttuynia, 10~20 parts of radix scutellariae, 20~30 parts of iron amaranth and the fruit of Rangoon creeper.
Preferably, the Chinese medicine slag is to include the Chinese medicine slag that following parts by weight Chinese medicine obtains after water carries：Motherwort 25
10 parts of part, 25 parts of cordate houttuynia, 15 parts of radix scutellariae, 25 parts of iron amaranth and the fruit of Rangoon creeper.
The present invention provides the preparation methods of the Resistant White mushroom culture material, include the following steps：
(1) raw material is prewetted：Humification washing cow dung, Chinese medicine slag, waste/hypo-tobacco leaf, edible fungi residue, cow dung are mixed into mixed
Material is closed, obtained mixture is piled into the mixing material heap of 80~90cm high, to the mixing material heap water drenching up to mixture
Water content saturation, the mixture prewetted；
(2) one time fermentation：After raw material is prewetted, material is turned over one time, is puddled uniformly；According to place situation, raw material is piled into
Cuboid is highly 1.2~1.5m, and width 2.0m, length is depending on compost is how many；Every 5~6d stirs a material heap, turns over altogether
Heap three times, before stirring material heap, detects the water content of material, if water deficient, needs first to supply water, then stir material heap, control
Water content processed is 65wt%~70wt%.Calcium superphosphate and land plaster are added in during first time turning in material heap, during second of turning
Add in 1/2 precipitated calcium carbonate and 1/2 pulverized limestone in material heap, when third time turning adds in remaining precipitated calcium carbonate and lime
Powder obtains pre fermentation material；
(3) secondary fermentation：The pre fermentation material obtained after above-mentioned one time fermentation is transported to stone in mushroom room cultivation layer frame,
The pre fermentation material is heated to 58~60 DEG C by the method for external heat auxiliary heating, protected by 22~25cm of layer thickness
Obtained fermentation material temperature is slowly dropped to 47~48 DEG C of 4~5d of maintenance, obtains Resistant White mushroom culture material by temperature 10 hours.
Preferably, cow dung, Chinese medicine slag, waste/hypo-tobacco leaf, edible fungi are washed into humification before mixing in the step (1)
Slag, cow dung crush and are sieved respectively, and the grain size of the sieving is less than 20mm.
The White mushroom culture material prepared the present invention provides the Resistant White mushroom culture material or the method exists
Application in White mushroom cultivation.
Preferably, the cultivation is using Resistant cover soil material；The cover soil material includes the original of volumes below percentage
Expect component：15% humification washing cow dung, 10% Chinese medicine slag, 45% turfy soil and 30% loess.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
The present invention provides a kind of Resistant White mushroom culture materials, include the component of following parts by weight：Ox is washed in humification
20~30 parts of excrement, 10~20 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 5~15 parts of waste/hypo-tobacco leaf, 20~30 parts of edible fungi residue, 15~25 parts of cow dung, mistake
0.5~1.5 part of 0.5~1.5 part of calcium phosphate, 1~3 part of pulverized limestone, 0.5~1.5 part of precipitated calcium carbonate and land plaster.Double spores
Cow dung, Chinese medicine slag, waste/hypo-tobacco leaf, edible fungi residue and cow dung, precipitated calcium carbonate and pulverized limestone are washed into humification in mushroom cultivation
It is compounded, wherein Chinese medicine slag is the residue after water carries.A large amount of uses of traditional chemical pesticide cause environment serious
Pollution, while with the transmission of food chain, various harm are eventually caused to the health of human body, thus safety is without dirt
Dye, environmentally friendly botanical pesticide are increasingly taken seriously.Botanical pesticide refer to using plant organism whole or
The preparation that partial organic substances matter and its secondary metabolites are process, the extraction of botanical pesticide active ingredient is generally with alcohol
Organic solvents is waited to extract, and the extraction of effective component of chinese medicine is generally extracted using water as solvent, therefore water carry after in
Still contain more antibacterial, pest-resistant ingredient in the dregs of a decoction in addition to containing nutritional ingredients such as a large amount of crude fibre, crude fat, crude protein；
Bacterium utilization can be eaten containing protein, cellulose and lignin etc. in waste tobacco leaf, while also has one containing alkaloid
Fixed desinsection drives mite effect.Therefore it can be not only double spores to select the Chinese medicine slag of Suitable weight part, waste/hypo-tobacco leaf cultivating agaricus bisporus
Mushroom provides nutriment, can also utilize wherein remaining resistance ingredient, pre- preventing disease and pest.
Meanwhile the present invention is planted by the use of humification washing cow dung, Chinese medicine slag, waste/hypo-tobacco leaf and edible fungi residue as White mushroom
Training material, opens up a new way for White mushroom culturing raw material, has widened the sources of culturing raw material, reduces environment dirt
Dye has the environment and economic benefit of highly significant, reduces White mushroom cost of material.Dispensing provided by the invention not only reduces
The occurrence probability of pest and disease damage, while reduce Pesticide use amount, it ensure that the production of nuisanceless White mushroom product.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of Resistant White mushroom culture materials, include the component of following parts by weight：Ox is washed in humification
20~30 parts of excrement, 10~20 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 5~15 parts of waste/hypo-tobacco leaf, 20~30 parts of edible fungi residue, 15~25 parts of cow dung, mistake
0.5~1.5 part of 0.5~1.5 part of calcium phosphate, 1~3 part of pulverized limestone, 0.5~1.5 part of precipitated calcium carbonate and land plaster.
White mushroom culture material provided by the invention includes humification and washes cow dung.By weight, the humification washing
Cow dung is 20~30 parts, more preferably 25 parts.The humification washing cow dung contains higher organic matter, is conducive to White mushroom
It utilizes.The content of organic matter >=75% in the humification washing cow dung.The present invention does not have the source of humification washing cow dung
Have it is specifically limited, using humification known in the art washing cow dung source.In embodiments of the present invention, the humic
Change washing cow dung and be purchased from Shandong Qihe Chuan Di biological treatments Engineering Co., Ltd.
White mushroom culture material provided by the invention includes Chinese medicine slag.By weight, the Chinese medicine slag is 10~20 parts, more
Preferably 15 parts.The Chinese medicine slag includes the Chinese medicine slag that the Chinese medicine of following components by weight percent obtains after water carries：Motherwort 20~
30 parts, 20~30 parts of cordate houttuynia, 10~20 parts of radix scutellariae, 20~30 parts of iron amaranth, 5~15 parts of the fruit of Rangoon creeper.Preferably include following weight
The component of part：25 parts of motherwort, 25 parts of cordate houttuynia, 15 parts of radix scutellariae, 25 parts of iron amaranth, 10 parts of the fruit of Rangoon creeper.The temperature that the water carries is
100℃.The time that the water carries is preferably 3~4h, more preferably 3.5h.The present invention does not have special limit to the source of the Chinese medicine
System, using Chinese medicine source known in the art.
White mushroom culture material provided by the invention includes waste/hypo-tobacco leaf.By weight, 5~15 parts of the waste/hypo-tobacco leaf,
More preferably 10 parts.The waste/hypo-tobacco leaf includes pipe tobacco processing fent.The present invention is to the source of the waste/hypo-tobacco leaf without spy
Different limitation, using waste/hypo-tobacco leaf source known in the art.
White mushroom culture material provided by the invention includes edible fungi residue.By weight, the edible mushroom edible fungi
Slag is 20~30 parts, more preferable 25 parts.Is the edible mushroom collections such as needle mushroom or Pleurotus eryngii are factory produced in the edible fungi residue
The waste material not being infected by bacteria after one damp mushroom.The present invention is not particularly limited the source of the edible mushroom edible fungi residue, adopts
With edible fungi residue source known in the art.
White mushroom culture material provided by the invention includes cow dung.By weight, the cow dung is 15~25 parts, more preferably
It is 20 parts.The present invention is not particularly limited the source of the cow dung, using cow dung source known in the art.
White mushroom culture material provided by the invention includes precipitated calcium carbonate.By weight, the precipitated calcium carbonate is 0.5
~1.5 parts, more preferably 1 part.The present invention is not particularly limited the precipitated calcium carbonate, using common commercially available product.
White mushroom culture material provided by the invention includes calcium superphosphate.By weight, the calcium superphosphate for 0.5~
1.5 parts, more preferably 1 part.The present invention is not particularly limited the calcium superphosphate, using common commercially available product.
White mushroom culture material provided by the invention includes pulverized limestone.By weight, the pulverized limestone is 1~3 part, more excellent
It is selected as 2 parts.The present invention is not particularly limited the lime, using common commercially available product.
White mushroom culture material provided by the invention includes land plaster.By weight, the land plaster is 0.5~1.5 part,
More preferably 1 part.The present invention is not particularly limited the gypsum, using common commercially available product.
The present invention provides the preparation methods of the Resistant White mushroom culture material, include the following steps：
(1) raw material is prewetted：Humification washing cow dung, Chinese medicine slag, waste/hypo-tobacco leaf, edible fungi residue, cow dung are mixed into mixed
Material is closed, obtained mixture is piled into the mixing material heap of 80~90cm high, to the mixing material heap water drenching up to mixture
Water content saturation, the mixture prewetted；
(2) one time fermentation：After raw material is prewetted, material is turned over one time, is puddled uniformly；According to place situation, raw material is piled into
Cuboid is highly 1.2~1.5m, and width 2.0m, length is depending on compost is how many；A material heap is stirred per 5-6d, is turned over altogether
Heap three times, before stirring material heap, detects the water content of material, if water deficient, needs first to supply water, then stir material heap, control
Water content processed is 65wt%~70wt%；Calcium superphosphate and land plaster are added in during first time turning in material heap, during second of turning
Add in 1/2 precipitated calcium carbonate and 1/2 pulverized limestone in material heap, when third time turning adds in remaining precipitated calcium carbonate and lime
Powder obtains pre fermentation material；
(3) secondary fermentation：By the pre fermentation material be transported to mushroom room cultivation layer frame on stone, layer thickness 22~
The pre fermentation material is heated to 58~60 DEG C by the method for external heat auxiliary heating, keeps the temperature 10 hours by 25cm, will
To fermentation material temperature be slowly dropped to 47~48 DEG C maintenance 4~5d, obtain Resistant White mushroom culture material.
In the present invention, cow dung, Chinese medicine slag, waste/hypo-tobacco leaf, edible mushroom preferably are washed into humification before the raw material mixing
Bacteria residue crushes；The humification washing cow dung, Chinese medicine slag, waste/hypo-tobacco leaf, the powder particle diameter of edible fungi residue are preferably independent
For 3~20mm.
Mixing is not particularly limited in the present invention, using mechanical mixture known in the art or artificial mixing.
The highly preferred of the mixing material heap is 85cm.The water is preferably well water or tap water.
In the present invention, the length of the cuboid material heap is determined by the quality for mixture of prewetting.It is described during fermentation
The water content for controlling cuboid material heap is preferably 68wt%.
The White mushroom culture material prepared the present invention provides the Resistant White mushroom culture material or the method exists
Application in White mushroom cultivation.
In the present invention, earthing preferably includes the raw material group of volumes below percentage with material during the White mushroom is cultivated
Point：15% humification washing cow dung, 10% Chinese medicine slag, 45% turfy soil and 30% loess.It is excellent before the earthing materials'use
Choosing adds in pulverized limestone and adjusts pH value to 7.5~8, and water content is adjusted to 40wt%~50wt%, then at formalin disinfection
Reason smokes bored disinfection 2~4 days, then spreads drying out 2~3 days under the conditions of re-closed, adjust water content again to 45wt%~50wt%
It is spare.The humification washing cow dung and the same above-mentioned technical proposal of preparation method and ingredient of Chinese medicine slag, this will not be repeated here.
With reference to embodiment to a kind of Resistant White mushroom culture material provided by the invention and preparation method thereof and application
It is described in detail, but they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Chinese medicine motherwort 100kg, cordate houttuynia 100kg, radix scutellariae 60kg, iron amaranth 100kg, fruit of Rangoon creeper 40kg are passed through respectively
The dregs of a decoction mixing that 100 DEG C of water obtain after carrying 3 hours, obtains Chinese medicine slag.
Weigh following quality feeds：Humification washing cow dung 500kg, Chinese medicine slag 300kg, waste/hypo-tobacco leaf 200kg, needle mushroom
Bacteria residue 500kg, ox excrement 400kg, calcium superphosphate 20kg, pulverized limestone 40kg, precipitated calcium carbonate 20kg, gypsum 20kg.It will be above-mentioned
Raw material after crushing, being sieved, obtains the material that grain size length is 3~20mm respectively.The raw material is sufficiently mixed, is obtained pre-
Mixed culture material.The premix culture material builds up the heap of high 0.8m, the water drenching into heap, until reaching saturation stopping, obtaining cultivation of prewetting
Training material.
Culture material after prewetting is turned over and is mixed the even height that is piled into as 1.2m, the cuboid of width 2.0m.One is stirred per 5d
Secondary material heap, three times, control material heap water content is 65%~70% for turning altogether.During first time turning in material heap add in calcium superphosphate with
Gypsum, when second of turning, add in 1/2 precipitated calcium carbonate and 1/2 lime in material heap, and when third time turning adds in remaining light
Matter calcium carbonate and lime obtain pre fermentation material.Pre fermentation material obtained above is transported to stone in mushroom room cultivation layer frame, paving
Expect thickness 22cm, the pre fermentation material is heated to 58~60 DEG C by the method for external heat auxiliary heating, heat preservation 10 is small
When, obtained fermentation material temperature is slowly dropped to 47~48 DEG C of maintenance 5d, obtains Resistant White mushroom culture material；
Cooling sowing：Outdoor fresh air cooling is imported, compost temperature is down to 28 DEG C, is sprayed water on compost surface, is adjusted
Whole Compost moisture content is to 65wt%, ammonia level<It is sowed during 5ppm, seeding method is 1/2 strain bunch planting, 1/2 strain surface
It broadcasts sowing, total sowing quantity is 0.5kg/m2。
Bacterium germination and earthing：After planting close the doors and windows heat preservation, moisturizing 3d, after mycelium germination material feeding, opens new wind turbine and ventilates on a small quantity.
Agaricus bisporus mycelia is dealt into earthing when at the 2/3 of material thickness.
Cover soil material used in the present embodiment is made of the raw material of volumes below percentage：15% humification washing cow dung,
10% Chinese medicine slag, 45% turfy soil, 30% loess.Earthing mixture uses preceding addition pulverized limestone adjusting pH value to 7.5, water content
It adjusts to 45wt% and then is disinfected with formaldehyde, covering film smokes bored disinfection 2 days, spreads drying 2 days out later, adjusts contain again
Water is spare to 50wt%.
The Chinese medicine slag is prepared for said program.
The loess is the clay loam at 20cm below farming operation layer, and the additive amount of pulverized limestone is the 3- of earthing mixture
5%, the additive amount of formaldehyde is the 2% of earthing mixture.
Fruiting, harvesting are carried out by existing way to manage.
Embodiment 2
Chinese medicine motherwort 120kg, cordate houttuynia 80kg, radix scutellariae 40kg, iron amaranth 120kg, fruit of Rangoon creeper 40kg are passed through 100 respectively
The dregs of a decoction mixing that DEG C water obtains after carrying 3.5 hours, obtains Chinese medicine slag.
Weigh following quality feeds：Humification washing cow dung 500kg, Chinese medicine slag 300kg, waste/hypo-tobacco leaf 200kg, Pleurotus eryngii
Bacteria residue 500kg, cattle manure 400kg, calcium superphosphate 20kg, pulverized limestone 40kg, precipitated calcium carbonate 20kg, gypsum 30kg.It will be above-mentioned
Raw material after crushing, being sieved, obtains the material that grain size length is 3~20mm respectively.The raw material is sufficiently mixed, is obtained pre-
Mixed culture material.The premix culture material builds up the heap of high 0.8m, the water drenching into heap, until reaching saturation stopping, obtaining cultivation of prewetting
Training material.
After raw material is prewetted, material is turned over one time, is puddled uniformly.Raw material is piled into height as 1.2m, width 2.0m's is rectangular
Body.A material heap is stirred per 6d, three times, control material heap water content is 70wt% for turning altogether.It is added in material heap during first time turning
Calcium superphosphate and gypsum, when second of turning, add in 1/2 precipitated calcium carbonate and 1/2 lime in material heap, and when third time turning adds
Enter remaining precipitated calcium carbonate and lime, obtain pre fermentation material.Pre fermentation material obtained above is transported to mushroom room cultivation layer
The pre fermentation material is heated to 58 DEG C by the method for external heat auxiliary heating, protected by stone on frame, layer thickness 25cm
Obtained fermentation material temperature is slowly dropped to 47 DEG C of maintenance 5d, obtains Resistant White mushroom culture material by temperature 10 hours；
Cooling sowing：Outdoor fresh air cooling is imported, compost temperature is down to 28 DEG C, is sprayed water on compost surface, is adjusted
Whole Compost moisture content is to 68wt%, ammonia level<It is sowed during 5ppm, seeding method is 1/2 strain bunch planting, 1/2 strain surface
It broadcasts sowing, total sowing quantity is 0.5kg/m2。
Bacterium germination and earthing：After planting close the doors and windows heat preservation, moisturizing 3d, after mycelium germination material feeding, opens new wind turbine and ventilates on a small quantity.
Agaricus bisporus mycelia is dealt into earthing when at the 2/3 of material thickness.
Cover soil material used in the present embodiment is made of the raw material of volumes below percentage：15% humification washing cow dung,
10% Chinese medicine slag, 45% turfy soil, 30% loess mix.Earthing mixture adjusts pH value to 8 using preceding addition pulverized limestone,
Water content is adjusted to 40wt% and then is disinfected with formaldehyde, and covering film smokes bored disinfection 2 days, spreads drying 2 days out later, again
Water content is adjusted to 45wt%, it is spare.
The Chinese medicine slag is prepared for said program.
The loess is the clay loam at 20cm below farming operation layer, and the additive amount of pulverized limestone is the 3- of earthing mixture
5%, the additive amount of formaldehyde is the 2% of earthing mixture.
Fruiting, harvesting are carried out by existing way to manage.
Comparative example 1
White mushroom tradition wheat straw is cultivated
Culture material formula：60% wheat straw, cow dung 35%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%, composite fertilizer 1%, calcium superphosphate 2%.
Compost making includes the following steps：
(1) compost is prewetted：
Wheat straw, cow dung accumulate a small amount of repeatedly water drenching and prewet respectively.Wherein wheat culm is harder, and wax is more, the palpus before heap
10~15 centimeter lengths are cut up with a hay cutter into, are prewetted after flattening, water content is advisable with holding drop 5~6 after wheat straw firmly twists and dripping.
(2) one time fermentation：
Build heap：Material heap south-north direction, around holds gutter successfully.One layer of 30 cm thick, 2.5 meters of wide wheats are first spread during windrow
Straw, the cow dung that one layer 3 centimetres or so of wheat straw upper berth, spread gypsum, calcium superphosphate and lime, according to this class heap, until at the 4th layer, start
Composite fertilizer is added, and starts to water, is more up watered more, water will be poured on wheat straw, and such one layer of wheat straw, one layer of excrement respectively spreads 8 layers
Left and right, heap are up to 2.5 meters, substantially vertical above and below four sides, and heap top is in turtleback shape, one layer of wheat straw of the top lid.Composite fertilizer is in Jian Dui
When disposably add, gypsum, lime, calcium superphosphate add points for 3 times in Jian Dui, the 1st turning, the 2nd turning.Material heap need to cover
Straw screen or mat or canopy film are with sunshine and rain resistant.
1st turning：The 1st turning is carried out after building heap within the 7th day.Turning the previous day first waters on material heap top, during turning
It is successively watered with water again, to have a small amount of flow to come out around it after heap is good.Wheat straw need to be shaken up during turning, wheat straw and excrement are mixed as possible
Close uniform, accomplish outside turning in, above turn down, it is original it is out of position once.It is still since the 4th layer, adds remaining gypsum
With the half of calcium superphosphate.
2nd turning：6 days after 1st turning, the 2nd turning is carried out, and remaining gypsum and calcium superphosphate are added
It goes, material heap width is reduced to 2 meters.Adjustment moisture drips with extrudable 3~4 and is advisable.
3rd turning：5 days after 2nd turning, material temperature turn over for the 3rd time pushing away up to 70 DEG C or so, and method is same as above.
The 4th turning：Carry out the 4th turning within 4 days after 3rd turning.It checks water content, compost, webs is held with hand-tight
Between drop 1~2 drip and be advisable.If moisture is uncomfortable, is adjusted with 1% limewash, if dilutional hyponatremia, aeration status should be improved, prepared simultaneously
0.5% DDVP sprays deinsectization.
(3) secondary fermentation：The laggard bed material of the 4th turning closes and cultivates room door window, and circulating fan in opening chamber works as material
Using external heat auxiliary heating when temperature reaches 45 DEG C, when material temperature rises to 65 DEG C, then holding 10 hours stops external heat, will
Material temperature is slowly dropped to 55 DEG C and maintains 5 days.
(4) cooling sowing：Outdoor fresh air cooling is imported, compost temperature is down to 28 DEG C, is sprayed water on compost surface,
Compost moisture content is adjusted to 70%, ammonia level<It is sowed during 5ppm, seeding method is 1/2 strain bunch planting, 1/2 strain surface
It broadcasts sowing, total sowing quantity is 0.5kg/m2。
(5) bacterium germination and earthing：Close the doors and windows heat preservation, moisturizing 3d after broadcasting, and mycelium germination material feeding opens new wind turbine and ventilates on a small quantity.
Agaricus bisporus mycelia is dealt into earthing when at the 2/3 of material thickness.
Cover soil material used is loess.Earthing material adjusts pH value to 8 using 5% pulverized limestone of preceding addition, water content adjust to
Then 25wt% is disinfected with 3% formaldehyde, covering film smoke it is bored disinfection 2 days, spread out later drying for 24 hours, adjust water content to
25wt%, earthing.
(6) fruiting, harvesting are carried out by existing way to manage.
Result of the test：As can be seen from Table 1, with 2 whole process of embodiment disease, 1 damp mushroom wart of comparative example do not occur for embodiment 1
The mould incidence of spore is 5%, and two damp mushrooms reach 11.5%, in addition there is a small amount of black spot；Embodiment 1 and the whole worm of embodiment 2
Evil occurs slightly, and comparative example insect pest is more serious.The Compost fermentation processing day of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 as can be seen from Table 2
Number significantly shortens compared with comparative example, and biological transformation ratio (fructification fresh weight/compost dry weight * 100%) is all remarkably higher than comparative example.
The present invention has good application effect.
Influence of 1 different disposal of table to White mushroom pest and disease damage
Note：Yellow plate is hung after earthing, when head damp mushroom, the harvesting of two damp mushrooms investigation yellow trap number and wart spore it is mould and
A situation arises for other diseases.
Influence of 2 different disposal of table to cultivation period
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of Resistant White mushroom culture material, which is characterized in that include the raw material components of following parts by weight：Ox is washed in humification
20~30 parts of excrement, 10~20 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 5~15 parts of waste/hypo-tobacco leaf, 20~30 parts of edible fungi residue, 15~25 parts of cow dung, mistake
0.5~1.5 part of 0.5~1.5 part of calcium phosphate, 1~3 part of pulverized limestone, 0.5~1.5 part of precipitated calcium carbonate and land plaster.
2. White mushroom culture material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that include the raw material components of following parts by weight：It is rotten
Growing washing 25 parts of cow dung, 15 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 10 parts of waste/hypo-tobacco leaf, 25 parts of edible fungi residue, 20 parts of cow dung, 1 part of calcium superphosphate,
1 part of 2 parts of pulverized limestone, 1 part of precipitated calcium carbonate and land plaster.
3. White mushroom culture material according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the Chinese medicine slag is to include following weight
The Chinese medicine slag that the Chinese medicine of component obtains after water carries：20~30 parts of motherwort, 20~30 parts of cordate houttuynia, 10~20 parts of radix scutellariae,
5~15 parts of 20~30 parts of iron amaranth and the fruit of Rangoon creeper.
4. White mushroom culture material according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the Chinese medicine slag preferably comprises following weight
The Chinese medicine slag that part Chinese medicine obtains after water carries：25 parts of motherwort, 25 parts of cordate houttuynia, 15 parts of radix scutellariae, 25 parts of iron amaranth and the fruit of Rangoon creeper
10 parts.
5. the preparation method of the Resistant White mushroom culture material described in Claims 1 to 4 any one, which is characterized in that including
Following steps：
(1) raw material is prewetted：Humification washing cow dung, Chinese medicine slag, waste/hypo-tobacco leaf, edible fungi residue, cow dung are mixed into mixture,
Obtained mixture is piled into the mixing material heap of 80~90cm high, to the mixing material heap water drenching until the water content of mixture
Saturation, the mixture prewetted；
(2) one time fermentation：After raw material is prewetted, material is turned over one time, is puddled uniformly；According to place situation, raw material is accumulated into growth side
Body is highly 1.2~1.5m, and width 2.0m, length is depending on compost is how many；Every 5~6d stirs a material heap, turning three altogether
It is secondary, before stirring material heap, the water content of material is detected, if water deficient, needs first to supply water, then stir material heap, control contains
Water is 65wt%~70wt%；Add in calcium superphosphate and land plaster during first time turning in material heap, when second of turning is expecting
Add in 1/2 precipitated calcium carbonate and 1/2 pulverized limestone in heap, when third time turning adds in remaining precipitated calcium carbonate and pulverized limestone, obtains
To pre fermentation material；
(3) secondary fermentation：The pre fermentation material obtained after above-mentioned one time fermentation is transported to stone in mushroom room cultivation layer frame, stone
The pre fermentation material is heated to 58~60 DEG C, heat preservation 10 by 22~25cm of thickness by the method for external heat auxiliary heating
Hour, obtained fermentation material temperature is slowly dropped to 47~48 DEG C of 4~5d of maintenance, obtains Resistant White mushroom culture material.
6. production method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that by edible fungi before prewetting in the step (1)
Slag, Chinese medicine slag, waste/hypo-tobacco leaf, cow dung are crushed and are sieved respectively, and the grain size of the sieving is less than 20mm.
7. Resistant White mushroom culture material or method system described in claim 5 or 6 described in Claims 1 to 4 any one
Application of the standby White mushroom culture material in White mushroom cultivation.
8. application according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the cultivation is using Resistant cover soil material；The earthing
Material includes the raw material components of volumes below percentage：15% humification washing cow dung, 10% Chinese medicine slag, 45% turfy soil and
30% loess.
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