CN108605751A - A kind of Chinese medicine Radix Glehniae standardized planting technology - Google Patents
A kind of Chinese medicine Radix Glehniae standardized planting technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN108605751A CN108605751A CN201611195337.8A CN201611195337A CN108605751A CN 108605751 A CN108605751 A CN 108605751A CN 201611195337 A CN201611195337 A CN 201611195337A CN 108605751 A CN108605751 A CN 108605751A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Chinese medicine Radix Glehniae standardized planting technologies, including selection of land, site preparation, seed treatment, sowing, field management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, stock breeding, a series of technical measures such as harvesting, artificial standardized planting Radix Glehniae, while ensureing medical material quanlity drug effect, yield greatly improves, the effective solution contradiction of protection of resources and the market demand, this authentic medicinal herbs kind of Chifeng is set to obtain protecting and reasonably developing and using well, the present invention passes through each key link of specification Radix Glehniae planting process, to improving the yield and planting benefit of Radix Glehniae, Radix Glehniae industrialized development is pushed to be of great significance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technologies of artificial growth Chinese medicine, especially Radix Glehniae standardized planting technology.
Background technology
Radix Glehniae is the root of samphire glehnia littoralis (Glehnia littoralis Fr.Schmidt ex Miq.),
Perennial depth root system herbaceous plant.Radix Glehniae be commonly use large Chinese medicine, the provinces such as main product Shandong, Inner Mongol, Hebei, adaptability compared with
By force, sandy soil is liked, on the sunny side with warm and moist environment, anti-severe cold, drought-resistant, saline-alkali tolerant avoid waterlogging, avoid continuous cropping, in China for happiness
Has the plantation history of centuries.Radix Glehniae root has the effect of Yin nourishing and lung moistening, reinforcing stomach reg fluid as traditional Chinese medicine.It cures mainly
Lung-heat type cough, consumptive disease chronic cough, impairment of yin dry throat, mouth such as drink at the diseases.It is right in recent years due to being continually developed by the new drug of raw material of Radix Glehniae
The demand of Radix Glehniae is continuously increased, and existing market demand is every year at 5000 tons or so, and wild resource is increasingly exhausted.Cause
This, becomes a kind of inevitable approach using artificial standardized planting.Radix Glehniae standardized cultivation can not only protect wild resource, may be used also
Increase planting benefit, may advantageously facilitate standardization, standardization and the industrialized development of Radix Glehniae plantation.
The whole nation of Radix Glehniae plantation at present is maximum with Laiyang Shandong Province and Chifeng two places cultivated area.Although Laiyang Shandong Province man
Kind the root of straight ladybell is with a long history, at least one-hundred-year history, and in each history books in relation to the root of straight ladybell, has to Glehnia littorlis very high
Evaluation, but gradually reduce into nineteen nineties the root of straight ladybell area total output, in recent years most times there was only 3,000
Mu, 600 tons of yield, minimum time only have 1,000 mu, 200 tons of yield.And the Radix Glehniae of Chifeng, though plantation history
It is short, but the latecomers surpass the old-timers, quickly, the eighties mid-term just has several mu to tens mu of experimental planting, the nineties to development speed
Keep thousands of mu of cultivated area.It was named as by country early in 1999 the township of campanulaceae " Chinese Radix Glehniae, ", Radix Glehniae production
Amount accounts for 2/3rds of national total output.It is kept between 8000-16000 mus in into this several years of 21st century.
Radix Glehniae cultivation technique still adopts traditional method at present, and per unit area yield is not high, and total yield is unstable, and new producing region is to product quality
Pay attention to inadequate.Therefore, the research that pay attention to cultivation technique, does prevalent variety cultivation well, pays attention to improving product quality, steady production is protected
Market is demonstrate,proved to need.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is by Chifeng's genunie medicinal materials --- Radix Glehniae carries out standardized planting, from selection elite germplasm to
Optimal Cultivation Techniques measure reaches and improves Radix Glehniae yield and quality, meets the needs of market is to raw material.The present invention relates to northern husky
Ginseng plantation mainly includes the following steps that：
(1) selection of land site preparation：Selection of land site preparation is that soil layer is deep, and the sand loam that the soil is porous, the autumn ploughs deeply 45-50cm, and does
At the flat furrow of wide 3-4m.
(2) seed treatment：The disease-resistant of selection, high yield, good small top Radix Glehniae do seed；Seed and wet sand are pressed 1: 3
Ratio be uniformly mixed (humidity is agglomerating to hold, and nature of loosing one's grip loosely is advisable) be packed into wooden case, ulking thickness 30cm or so afterwards, enter
November is placed on outdoor carry out freezing processing before winter.
(3) seeding and seedling raising：Seed sowing mode is taken in selection early spring (early April)；2-3 piece true leaves are grown in Radix Glehniae seedling
When by spacing in the rows 3cm line-spacings 18cm carry out thinning final singling, ensure 12000 plants/acre of seedling.
(4) field management：Thinning final singling is carried out by spacing in the rows 3cm line-spacings 18cm when Radix Glehniae seedling grows 2-3 piece true leaves, is protected
The seedling of 12000 plants/acre of card.Period timely weeding, fertilising.Wherein, described to apply fertilizer mainly based on organic fertilizer, compounding application small amount
Fertilizer, and respectively spray 1 0.3%-0.5% urea liquid and 0.3% phosphoric acid outside Radix Glehniae vigorous period (6-7 months) root
Dihydro potassium solution；30kg/ mus of 20kg/ mus+cake fertilizer of calcium superphosphate is imposed with an expanding stage (8-9 months)；
(5) a series of technical measures such as the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, stock breeding, harvesting.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect：
By a large amount of manure uses and foliar fertilizer is sprayed, ensures nutrition needed for Radix Glehniae growth；The high-quality breeding of selection and breeding is simultaneously
Processing is carried out to seed and improves germination percentage and germinating energy；Rational close planting (11000 plants of seedlings per acre) combines scientific and reasonable field
Between management measure, to increase Radix Glehniae output results it is notable, than conventional method improve 20% reach 300kg/ mus.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below, it should be noted that the present embodiment is narrative, is not limited
, protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited with this.
A kind of Chinese medicine Radix Glehniae standardized planting technology, mainly includes the following steps that：
1. selection of land site preparation：Radix Glehniae is phreatophyte, and it is fertile to select that soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, and topography is higher, draining
It plants to sand loam of good performance, preceding stub land is advisable with potato, gramineous crop.The soil progress autumn chosen is ploughed deeply
45-50cm, target carefully flatten, and make the flat furrow of wide 3-4m, high 20cm, depending on furrow length is because of ground, furrow width 20cm between furrow.
2. using sufficient base manure：In conjunction with site preparation, per 667m2The composite soils such as (1 mu) application decomposed barnyard manure, compost, plant ash are miscellaneous
Fertile 5000kg adds calcium superphosphate 50kg, ploughs under and make base manure in soil.
3. sowing
The selection of 3.1 seeds：Radix Glehniae seminal propagation selects the disease-resistant of autumn last year selection, high yield, good small top
Radix Glehniae seed is as sowing material.
3.2 seed treatment：Low temperature sand storage freezing processing need to be carried out by seed by sowing in spring, by seed and wet sand in 1: 3 ratio
It is uniformly mixed (humidity is agglomerating to hold, and nature of loosing one's grip loosely is advisable) and is packed into wooden case afterwards, profit kind process cannot squeeze, ulking thickness
30cm or so enters to be placed on outdoor overwintering November before the winter.Embryo after-ripening is completed under cryogenic conditions in winter, next year spring sowing kind can be shown
It writes and improves germination percentage and emergence rate.
3.3 the sowing time：It is most suitable sowing time to be sowed in spring in early April.
3.4 seeding method：By the way of drilling, in whole good furrow face, bar ditch are opened by 20cm line-spacings, ditch depth 3~
5cm, bottom of trench will be put down, and the seed after vernalization is sprinkled into ditch, then 2~3cm of earthing, compacting soil moisture conservation, per acre sowing quantity be 3~
4kg。
3.5 covering：It sows in spring generally with coverings such as wheat straw or cogongrass, covers until not revealing soil, it is then upper to press branch.
4. field management
4.1 throw off covering：After planting, primary, observation soil moisture content, as day drought can be sprayed clearly on covering is checked within every 5 days
Water is to keep soil moisture content；When seedling grows two panels cotyledon, gradually covering is repeatedly thrown off in dusk or cloudy day.
4.2 thinning final singlings：It is carried out when Radix Glehniae seedling grows 2-3 piece true leaves, by spacing in the rows 3cm thinning final singlings, stays triangle more
Shape seedling, the place being short of seedling go out strong sprout and carry out transplanting of filling the gaps with seedlings in the cloudy day or at dusk, ensure 100,000 plants of seedlings per acre between wanting.
4.3 tillage and weeding：After Radix Glehniae emergence, weeds grow simultaneously with seedling, timely when high 10cm of seedling or so
Tillage and weeding is restrained the growth of seedlings with profit.Because Radix Glehniae is dense planting crop, as seedling grows tall, the small stem of line-spacing is easily broken, not easy-to-use hoe intertillage,
It can be loosened the soil with creeper, or be removed with hand-lifting.
4.4 irrigation and drainage：After final singling, depending on plant strain growth situation, water.Such as hot summer days arid, can pour water sooner or later
It is sure not to carry out under exposure in sunshine, in order to avoid influence plant strain growth.Area of heavy rainfull and rainy season want timely ditch cleaning reason moisture in the soil, furrow inter-drain to add
Deep, crop field surrounding increases zanjon with sharp draining in time, and field ponding is avoided to cause rotten.
4.5 top dressing：The 1st foliage top dressing is carried out 5~June, with 0.3%~0.5% urea liquid and 0.3% phosphoric acid
Respectively spray 1 time of dihydro potassium solution.2nd top dressing can be carried out in root article expanding stage in July, can impose 20kg/ mus+cake fertilizer of calcium superphosphate
30kg/ mus.First Year after autumn, imposes 50% plant ash 200kg per acre, and mixing is sprinkled into the ranks.
4.6 pinching remove flower bud：Radix Glehniae current year do not bloom, in second year late April, the first tenday period of a month in May when Plantlet formation bud,
Flower tongue is cut off with scissors in time.
4.7 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：In Radix Glehniae growth course, easily invaded by a variety of pest and disease damages, it is larger to growth threat, it must adopt
It takes and prevents, with controlling the measure being combined, ensureing Radix Glehniae normal growth.Common Diseases have：Root rot, rust, virosis etc., it is common
Insect pest has：Borer, aphid etc..
(1) root rot：Late June to early July, early stage is in root, yellow rust staining occurs in lower part, rear gradually rotten
Rotten, often there is not symptom in ground position, such as prevents not in time, after full root rot, plant is withered.Control method：First is real
Row crop rotation, the crop rotation phase was at 3 years or more；Second is carried out disinfection to soil, reduces pathogenic microorganism in time, to reduce incidence；
Third is rainy season, and field ponding is discharged in time；4th is solvable with 75% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of liquid or 75% fenaminosulf
Property 800 times of liquid of pulvis pour diseased plants.
(2) rust：8-9 month susceptible diseases, main harm blade, petiole, stem, flower spike, initial stage blade back occur round yellowish green
Color scab, afterwale grow black powder object at sore spot, late onset position, ultimately cause fallen leaves, shedding, and plant is withered.
Control method：First, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer improves the disease-resistant rate of plant.Second is that rainy season pays attention to draining in time, field humidity is reduced, to subtract
Light incidence.Third, 1000 times of liquid of triadimefon wettable powder or 65% Zineb wettable powder of early stage spray 25%
500 times of liquid are sprayed 1 time every 7~10d, are continuously sprayed 2~3 times, notice that spray will uniformly be especially the leaf back side.
(3) aphid：It mostly occurs in seedling stage and when early spring turns green endangers blade, aphid can draw the juice of plant, serious shadow
The development for ringing plant and root, eventually makes complete stool withered death.Control method：First be remove after harvesting residual branch, fallen leaves and
Rand weeds, concentration are burnt.Second can be selected 0.3% matrine vegetable insecticide, 500 times of liquid in the early stages of disease continuously sprays
Medicine is secondary (5~7d of interval)；Period of disease sprays 5% Folithion, 1000~2000 times of liquid, primary every 7d, even spray 2~3 times.The
Third, being planted at the initial stage of a disease with 20% 500 times of liquid of virus A wettable powders or 1.5% for the virosis caused by aphis propagation
1000 times of liquid of sick missible oil, even spray 2~3 time primary every sprinkling in 5~7 days.
5 pick and process
5.1 harvesting：Join within 1 year, general spring planting October current year (before the Frost's Descent), the autumn plant in late September in next year, work as leaf
It is excavated when piece starts withered and yellow.Cauline leaf is first removed, full root is carefully taken.Take ginseng root after, covered with straw mat, avoid solarization, after will
Ginseng root is separately bundled by thickness.
5.2 processing：Soil is cleaned after transporting back, by root thickness grading, holds ginseng rough head, root of the tail is first put into boiling water
In, turn 2-3 circles along pot and scald to boil 6-8 seconds, then entire bundle ginseng root is sprinkled into scald in pot and boils about 2-3 points, stir up and down make it is heated equal
It is even, it is pulled out when can remove the peel and puts into immediately cooling in cold water, take advantage of wet peeling, pendulum is in be exposed to the sun on seat can hyoscine to drying.
6 stock breedings
6.1 selection of land：Select well-drained sand loam as breeding field.
6.2 site preparation：Full base manure, breeding field apply 2500-3000 kilograms of farmyard manure per acre, 30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, plough,
Target is thin, flattens.
6.3 seed selection：In harvest Qiu Canshi, robust plant is selected, no disease and pests harm, plant shape is more consistent, the ginseng that current year does not bloom
Kind of a root is done, kind of a use is given over to.
6.4 bedding：By 24-30 centimetres of line-spacing, the ditch of 18-20 centimetres of depth is opened, ginseng root is tiltedly put in ditch, ginseng root is less than ground
3 centimetres of face, blinding compacting, watering.Young leaves is just grown after general cultivation within more than ten days, and late October is withered and yellow.
6.5 top dressing：Next year turns green bolting around Clear and Bright, can chase after 20 kilograms of urea when blooming per acre, every plant is only stayed on stem
Fruit tray, by side shoot small fruit tray extract, to concentrate nutrient to promote seed full.
6.6 harvesting：The front and back seed that enters the hottest period of the summer is gradually ripe when being in yellowish-brown, and harvesting sifts out carpopodium impurity after drying, and is put in dry
Dry ventilation preserves.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of Chinese medicine Radix Glehniae standardized planting technology, including selection of land site preparation, seed treatment, seeding and seedling raising, field management,
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, stock breeding, pick and process, it is characterised in that：
1) described to apply fertilizer mainly based on organic fertilizer, a small amount of chemical fertilizer of compounding application, and outside Radix Glehniae vigorous period (6-7 months) root
Respectively spray 1 0.3%-0.5% urea liquid and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate；It was imposed with an expanding stage (8-9 months)
30kg/ mus of 20kg/ mus+cake fertilizer of calcium phosphate；
2) yield and quality of Radix Glehniae is effectively improved by the field management measure of breeding variety and science.
2. Radix Glehniae planting technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
(1) the selection of land site preparation is that soil layer is deep, and the sand loam that the soil is porous, the autumn ploughs deeply 45-50cm, and makes wide 3-4m's
Flat furrow.
(2) the seed selection and processing, the disease-resistant of selection, high yield, good small top Radix Glehniae do seed；By seed and wet sand
It is uniformly mixed (humidity is agglomerating to hold, and nature of loosing one's grip loosely is advisable) in 1: 3 ratio and is packed into wooden case afterwards, ulking thickness 30cm is left
The right side, before entering the winter November be placed on outdoor carry out freezing processing.
(3) seed sowing mode is taken in sowing time selection early spring (early April).
(4) thinning final singling is carried out by spacing in the rows 3cm line-spacings 18cm when Radix Glehniae seedling grows 2-3 piece true leaves, ensures 12000 plants/acre
Seedling.
(5) root rot control method：First is to carry out crop rotation, and the crop rotation phase is with grass family and root of bidentate achyranthes stubble 2 years or more, preceding stubble
Preferably；Second is carried out disinfection to soil, reduces pathogenic microorganism in time, to reduce incidence；Third is rainy season, is arranged in time
Go out field ponding；4th is to pour disease with 800 times of liquid of 75% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of liquid or 75% fenaminosulf soluble powder
Strain.
(6) rust control method：First, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer improves the disease-resistant rate of plant.Second is that rainy season pays attention to draining in time, field is reduced
Between humidity, to mitigate incidence.Third, 1000 times of liquid of triadimefon wettable powder or 65% zineb of early stage spray 25%
500 times of liquid of wettable powder spray 1 time every 7-10d, continuous spray 2-3 times, notice that spray will uniformly be especially the leaf back side.
(7) prevention and control of aphids method：First is to remove residual branch and defoliant rand weeds after harvesting, and concentration is burnt.Second in disease
Evil early period of origination can be selected 0.3% matrine vegetable insecticide, 500 times of liquid and continuously spray secondary (5~7d of interval)；Period of disease is sprayed
5% Folithion, 1000~2000 times of liquid are spilt, even spray 2~3 time primary per 7d.Third is for viral caused by aphis propagation
Disease with 20% 500 times of liquid of virus A wettable powders or 1.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC) missible oil, 1000 times of liquid, was sprayed at the initial stage of a disease every 5-7 days
Once, even spray 2-3 times.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112400640A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-02-26 | 甘肃亚盛农业研究院有限公司 | Artificial seedling raising method for wild adenophora stricta |
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| CN103430730A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-12-11 | 王运海 | Radix glehniae growing method |
| CN105393786A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-03-16 | 国药集团同济堂（贵州）制药有限公司 | Red hemp plantation method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103430730A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-12-11 | 王运海 | Radix glehniae growing method |
| CN105393786A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-03-16 | 国药集团同济堂（贵州）制药有限公司 | Red hemp plantation method |
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| 倪大鹏，单成钢等: "北沙参无公害生产技术规程", 《山东农业科学》 * |
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| CN112400640A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-02-26 | 甘肃亚盛农业研究院有限公司 | Artificial seedling raising method for wild adenophora stricta |
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Application publication date: 20181002 |