CN108597847B - 一种自锁阀用锁闭磁环的制造方法及其制造的锁闭磁环 - Google Patents

一种自锁阀用锁闭磁环的制造方法及其制造的锁闭磁环 Download PDF

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CN108597847B
CN108597847B CN201810584100.1A CN201810584100A CN108597847B CN 108597847 B CN108597847 B CN 108597847B CN 201810584100 A CN201810584100 A CN 201810584100A CN 108597847 B CN108597847 B CN 108597847B
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陈红升
韩瑞
董生智
冯海波
李卫
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Abstract

本发明属于空间系统控制技术领域,具体涉及一种自锁阀用锁闭磁环的制造方法及其制造的锁闭磁环。该锁闭磁环的合金原料成分按质量百分比为R:29.8%~31.5%、Co:1%~4%、Ga:0.1%~0.5%、Al:0.5%~1.5%、Cu:0.2%~0.4%、Nb:0%~0.3%、B:1%~1.1%,余量为Fe;所述R为(Nd1‑xPrx)1‑a(Dy1‑y‑zGdyHoz)a的混合物,其中0≤x≤0.2,0≤y≤0.15,0≤z≤0.1,0.1≤a≤0.3;锁闭磁环经熔炼→氢破、气流磨粉→磁场成型→烧结热处理→表面抛光处理→真空处理、涂覆耐蚀涂层→充磁工艺制备。本发明制备的锁闭磁环结构简单、稳定,使用温度高、耐环境腐蚀性好,且制作成本低,易装配,可广泛应用于低功耗、使用环境恶劣的自锁阀中,适于小型化及规模化制造。

Description

一种自锁阀用锁闭磁环的制造方法及其制造的锁闭磁环
技术领域
本发明属于空间系统控制技术领域,具体涉及一种自锁阀用锁闭磁环的制造方法及其制造的锁闭磁环。
背景技术
在空间系统过程控制中各种阀门发挥着关键的控制、调节等功能。自锁阀作为新型自动控制机械单元,开关工作状态稳定,闭合工况下密封可靠,能够极大降低传统自控阀门的复杂性,提高安全性,保障控制精度;自锁阀在航空航天系统控制领域的应用需求越来越大,特别是其低功耗、可靠性高的特点在空间领域控制系统中有着不可替代的地位;自锁阀在多种工作条件下都能长周期使用,用途非常广泛。近年来,系统集成化与轻量化对自锁阀设计体积、重量提出了更高要求,同时要满足更复杂苛刻的使用环境。
锁闭磁环作为自锁阀的核心功能部件其对于自锁阀的质量与应用性起着决定作用。锁闭磁环安装固定于自锁阀壳体上,锁闭磁环产生的锁闭力控制自锁阀开关动作,控制自锁阀的工作状态,在不需要持续提供能量的条件下稳定实现阀门功能。为了满足自锁阀更高的环境使用和可靠性需求,对锁闭磁环的磁性能、环境适应性、加工一致性以及易装配等方面提出了新的要求,制造能满足上述要求的锁闭磁环是急需解决的问题。
自锁阀的基本工作特点决定了其提供锁闭力的锁闭磁环是其实现功能的关键组件,锁闭磁环制造能力对阀门应用具有极其重要的影响。在传统制造锁闭磁环的方法中,提供自锁阀磁力的永磁材料一般选用高磁性能的金属永磁材料,以烧结钕铁硼等稀土永磁材料使用较多。在实际应用中,为获得一定可靠性与强度的锁闭力,一般采用平行取向钕铁硼稀土永磁材料加工成瓦片状,充磁后用环氧胶等依次或间隔粘接在护套内,拼接成圆环状用来提供锁闭磁力。这种方式磁分布不均匀,且由于稀土永磁材料不易加工,这种制造方法精度不高,工序复杂,稳定性差且很难实现锁闭力的一致性。也有采用辐射磁场取向的方式下获得放射状取向的永磁环或两件半环拼合成一体形成锁闭圆环,这些方式由于整体取向成型过程产生较大应力,获得的磁环性能低,易开裂;同时,也存在精度不高一致性差的问题。传统方式采用的普通钕铁硼等稀土永磁材料制造的锁闭磁环普遍耐温、耐蚀性差,稳定性不高,材料磁性利用率较低等缺点,很大程度上限制了自锁阀的应用。此外,在锁闭磁环防护方面通常采用电镀方法,尺寸精度控制差,易产生污染,耐环境腐蚀效果一般。尤其在航天工程等领域,制备出一种具有优异磁性能,均匀性好,长期使用稳定性高的整体锁闭磁环显得尤为重要。
发明内容
为解决现有自锁阀核心部件锁闭磁环的制造技术问题,本发明的目的是提供一种自锁阀用锁闭磁环的制造方法,通过添加重稀土与金属钴优化永磁合金材料性能,采用新的锁闭磁环工艺技术和后续表面处理方法获得了更高磁性能及一致性,磁环尺度精确调控,稳定性与环境适应性优异的锁闭磁环,解决了原有工艺技术锁闭力低,均匀性差的,不适用更复杂环境下使用的问题;同时,后续加工与表面镀膜处理技术进一步改善了制造精度与装配可靠性。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种自锁阀用锁闭磁环,该锁闭磁环锁闭力高、稳定性好、易于精确加工装配,具有优异的均匀一致性与环境适应性,满足空间领域等复杂环境下可靠应用的实际需求。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
本发明提供一种自锁阀用锁闭磁环的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:按成分配置含重稀土的稀土铁基耐温永磁合金为该锁闭磁环的合金原料;
(2)熔炼和制粉:将上述合金原料经熔炼制成合金铸片,经破碎得到合金粉末;
(3)磁场成型:合金粉末在惰性气体保护下压制成型,压制过程同时采用径向磁场沿圆周扫描,获得均匀径向辐射取向的完整锁闭磁环基体;
(4)烧结热处理:锁闭磁环基体在1050℃~1080℃下烧结2~4小时,然后在920℃~400℃下多级梯度热处理,获得中性状态的永磁合金环;
(5)表面抛光处理:对中性状态的永磁合金环进行精密电加工与磨加工,获得中性状态的锁闭磁环坯体;
(6)真空热处理、涂覆耐蚀涂层和充磁:对中性状态的锁闭磁环坯体进行稳定化真空热处理,并在锁闭磁环坯体的表面涂覆耐蚀涂层后,对锁闭磁环坯体充磁,获得成品锁闭磁环。
所述重稀土为Dy、Gd、Ho中的一种或几种。
所述步骤(1)中,合金原料成分按质量百分比为R:29.8%~31.5%、Co:1%~4%、Ga:0.1%~0.5%、Al:0.5%~1.5%、Cu:0.2%~0.4%、Nb:0%~0.3%、B:1%~1.1%,余量为Fe;所述R为(Nd1-x Prx)1-a(Dy1-y-zGdyHoz)a的混合物,其中0≤x≤0.2,0≤y≤0.15,0≤z≤0.1,0.1≤a≤0.3。
所述步骤(2)中,将合金原料经真空熔炼制备成合金铸片,将合金铸片经氢破、气流磨制得合金粉末,合金粉末的粒度为3.7±0.5μm。
所述步骤(3)中,径向磁场大于等于1.3T。
经所述步骤(4)烧结热处理后的永磁合金环的高度与内外径尺寸厚度比为0.5~1.8。
所述步骤(6)中,真空热处理温度为400℃~550℃,处理时间10~20小时,真空度1×10-2Pa~5×10-4Pa,保持真空随炉冷却后出炉。
所述步骤(6)中,采用离子镀方法在锁闭磁环坯体的表面涂覆3μm~6μm高铝耐蚀涂层。
所述步骤(6)中,按由内向外磁场均匀磁化,充磁方向内N外S的方式对锁闭磁环坯体进行充磁。
一种采用所述的方法制造的锁闭磁环,该锁闭磁环的合金原料为含重稀土的稀土铁基耐温永磁合金,为通过粉末冶金方法制备的完整闭合磁环,磁环的磁场取向方向为径向排列且沿圆周方向由内向外均匀分布,磁环表面有厚度3μm~6μm的高铝耐蚀涂层。
该锁闭磁环的合金原料成分按质量百分比为R:29.8%~31.5%、Co:1%~4%、Ga:0.1%~0.5%、Al:0.5%~1.5%、Cu:0.2%~0.4%、Nb:0%~0.3%、B:1%~1.1%,余量为Fe;所述R为(Nd1-x Prx)1-a(Dy1-y-zGdyHoz)a的混合物,其中0≤x≤0.2,0≤y≤0.15,0≤z≤0.1,0.1≤a≤0.3;
所述锁闭磁环经熔炼→氢破、气流磨粉→磁场成型→烧结热处理→表面抛光处理→真空处理、涂覆耐蚀涂层→充磁工艺制备。
所述锁闭磁环的磁取向中心与形状中心同心。
所述锁闭磁环的高度与内外径尺寸厚度比为0.5~1.8。
所述锁闭磁环能够实现自锁阀在150℃温度下稳定工作,锁闭力大于65N。
所述锁闭磁环的径向环切样品性能满足:Br≥11kGs,jHc≥25kOe,BHm≥31MGOe。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明所述技术方案解决了原有工艺技术锁闭磁环锁闭力低,均匀性差的,不适用更复杂环境下长期稳定使用的问题。本发明针对航空航天领域技术发展具体应用需求,经过细致研究与大量实践获得的锁闭磁环具有优异稳定性,均匀一致性,易于调控装配,特别适用于空间领域等复杂环境下低功耗自锁阀长期可靠工作的应用需求。
附图说明
图1是本发明锁闭磁环典型磁极结构及分布示意图;
图2是本发明实施例1中锁闭磁环环加工试样检验曲线图;
图3是本发明实施例2中锁闭磁环外表面磁极密度分布示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行进一步说明,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分优选实施例,并不限制本发明的范围。
一种自锁阀用锁闭磁环,通过添加重稀土与金属钴优化永磁合金材料性能,采用新的锁闭磁环工艺技术和后续热处理,精确调控磁环尺度,获得了更高磁性能和一致性,以及更优异的稳定性与环境适应性。该锁闭磁环的合金原料成分按质量百分比包括R:29.8%~31.5%、Co:1%~4%、Ga:0.1%~0.5%、Al:0.5%~1.5%、Cu:0.2%~0.4%、Nb:0%~0.3%、B:1%~1.1%,余量为Fe;所述R为(Nd1-x Prx)1-a(Dy1-y-zGdyHoz)a的混合物,其中0≤x≤0.2,0≤y≤0.15,0≤z≤0.1,0.1≤a≤0.3。
将所述锁闭磁环的合金原料真空熔炼制备成合金铸片;合金铸片经混合(氢)破碎后,经气流磨制粉成粒度3.7微米左右的合金粉末;合金粉末在惰性气体保护下采用径向磁场大于等于1.3T沿原圆周扫描成型,获得均匀径向辐射取向的高性能锁闭磁环基体,如图1示意图所示;锁闭磁环基体经烧结热处理后规格满足高度与内外径尺寸厚度比为0.5~1.8。锁闭磁环基体烧结热处理工艺是1050~1080℃下烧结2~4小时,然后在920~400℃下多级热处理。
烧结热处理制备出的中性状态的永磁合金环,经精密电加工与磨加工针对硬脆材料的特定加工方式,获得满足后续处理要求的中性状态的锁闭磁环坯体。
前期制备与后续加工过程严格控制磁环的磁取向中心与形状中心同心。
中性状态的锁闭磁环坯体表面抛光处理后在400℃~550℃温度下真空处理10~20小时,真空度1×10-2Pa~5×10-4Pa,随炉冷却至室温,降低表面应力、易氧化性,改善后续涂层结合性。
然后采用真空离子镀方法涂覆一层3μm~6μm高铝耐蚀涂层,高铝涂层铝含量≥70%,获得中性状态的锁闭磁环;该工艺方法既能确保锁闭磁环设计尺寸,装配于自锁阀基座上达到高精密的要求,又能充分满足长期稳定性的工作要求。
获得的中性状态的锁闭磁环按由内向外磁场均匀磁化,充磁方向内N外S的方式充磁后,通过调节自身磁场强度可以适应不同锁闭力要求的自锁阀,能够实现自锁阀在150℃温度下稳定工作,其工作状态锁闭力值能高工作温度下满足60N以上。该技术方法获得的锁闭磁环具有高的温度稳定性同时保持了高的磁性能,其径向环切样品性能满足:Br≥11kGs,jHc≥25kOe,BHm≥31MGOe。可广泛应用于低功耗,结构简单、紧凑,使用环境要求高的自锁阀中。
实施例1
合金按成分配比(Nd0.9Pr0.1)0.85(Dy0.8Gd0.12Ho0.08)0.15:31.2%,Co:1.6%,Ga:0.15%,Al:0.7%,Cu:0.3%,B:1.02%,余量为Fe,经真空感应熔炼获得铸片。制备的铸片混合破碎制粉,在气流磨中粉碎成3.7μm左右的微粉,在惰性气体保护下采用径向磁场1.3T沿圆周连续扫描压制成型,压力满足成型密度≥4g/cm3,然后在1070℃烧结3.5小时,再经890℃热处理3小时,510℃下5小时时效处理获得中性状态的锁闭磁环坯体,高度不大于35mm。沿径向环切样品性能测试,试样测试曲线图如图2所示。典型磁性能指标达到:Br=11.4kGs,jHc=25.9kOe,BHm=31.5MGOe。
无磁中性状态下的永磁合金环形坯体,采用精密电加工与磨加工的特定加工方式,获得锁闭磁环外径尺寸38mm,高度与内外经尺寸厚度比1.4。加工过程严格控制磁环的磁取向中心与形状中心同心保持一致。锁闭磁环表面抛光处理后在500℃温度下真空处理12小时,真空度2×10-3Pa,然后采用真空离子镀方法涂覆一层5μm高铝耐蚀涂层,高铝涂层铝含量80%。获得的中性状态的锁闭磁环按由内向外磁场均匀磁化,充磁方向内N外S,磁环表面B值典型测试结果如图3所示,制造的锁闭磁环装配于阀体内,在120℃±10℃温度下稳定工作状态锁闭力可以达到70N,同时满足在150℃时仍可以稳定工作,其锁闭力大于65N,实际应用中可通过调节自身磁场强度,可以适应不同锁闭力要求的自锁阀。
实施例2
合金按成分配比(Nd0.9Pr0.1)0.80(Dy0.9Ho0.1)0.2:30.7%,Co:2.1%,Ga:0.2%,Al:0.9%,Cu:0.2%,Nb:0.1%,B:1.01%,余量为Fe,经真空感应熔炼获得铸片。制备的铸片混合破碎制粉,在气流磨中粉碎成3.7μm左右的微粉,在惰性气体保护下采用径向磁场1.4T沿圆周连续扫描压制成型,压力满足成型密度≥4g/cm3,然后在1065℃烧结4小时,再经910℃热处理2.5小时,530℃下4小时时效处理获得中性状态的锁闭磁环坯体,高度不大于35mm。沿径向环切样品测试磁性能指标达到:Br=11.9kGs,jHc=26.1kOe,BHm=33.8MGOe。
制备出的永磁合金环形坯体,采用精密电加工与磨加工的特定加工方式,获得锁闭磁环外径尺寸35mm,高度与内外经尺寸厚度比1.1。加工过程严格控制磁环的磁取向中心与形状中心同心保持一致。锁闭磁环表面抛光处理后在450℃温度下真空处理16小时,真空度1.5×10-3Pa,然后采用真空离子镀方法涂覆一层3.5μm高铝耐蚀涂层,高铝涂层铝含量99.9%。获得的中性状态的磁环按由内向外磁场均匀磁化,充磁方向内N外S,制造的锁闭磁环装配于阀体内,在温度150℃±10℃时稳定工作状态锁闭力可以达到70N以上。
实施例3
合金按成分配比合金按成分配比Nd0.90Dy0.1:31.0%,Co:4.0%,Ga:0.1%,Al:0.5%,Cu:0.2%,B:1.0%,余量为Fe,按照本发明所述技术方案工艺步骤制造,沿径向环切样品测试磁性能指标达到:Br=11.3kGs,jHc=25.1kOe,BHm=31.2MGOe。
实施例4
合金按成分配比(Nd0.8Pr0.2)0.9(Dy0.85Gd0.15)0.1:29.8%,Co:1.0%,Ga:0.3%,Al:1.5%,Cu:0.2%,Nb:0.2%,B:1.05%,余量为Fe,按照本发明所述技术方案工艺步骤制造,沿径向环切样品测试磁性能指标达到:Br=11.9kGs,jHc=25.0kOe,BHm=34.4MGOe。
本发明所述锁闭磁环制备方法,能够实现自锁阀在高温等环境下服役,在航天领域有广泛应用前景。本发明针对航天工业的发展,特别是空间技术应用的实际需求,提供了一种自锁阀用锁闭磁环的制造方法,采用本发明技术方案获得的锁闭磁环具有高的温度稳定性,空间环境适应性,同时,磁性能、均匀一致性好,适应小型化批量制备,可广泛应用于低功耗、轻量化、使用环境要求高的航天系统自锁阀中。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下,所获得的所有其他实施例都属于本发明保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种自锁阀用锁闭磁环的制造方法,该锁闭磁环在高温环境下服役,其特征在于:该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:按成分配置含重稀土的稀土铁基耐温永磁合金为该锁闭磁环的合金原料,所述合金原料成分按质量百分比为R:29.8%~31.5%、Co:1%~4%、Ga:0.1%~0.5%、Al:0.5%~1.5%、Cu:0.2%~0.4%、Nb:0%~0.3%、B:1%~1.1%,余量为Fe;所述R为(Nd1-x Prx)1-a(Dy1-y-zGdyHoz)a的混合物,其中0≤x≤0.2,0≤y≤0.15,0≤z≤0.1,0.1≤a≤0.3;重稀土为Dy、Gd、Ho中的一种或几种;
(2)熔炼和制粉:将上述合金原料经熔炼制成合金铸片,经破碎得到合金粉末;
(3)磁场成型:合金粉末在惰性气体保护下压制成型,压制过程同时采用径向磁场沿圆周扫描,获得均匀径向辐射取向的完整锁闭磁环基体;
(4)烧结热处理:锁闭磁环基体在1050℃~1080℃下烧结2~4小时,然后在920℃~400℃下多级梯度热处理,获得中性状态的永磁合金环;
(5)表面抛光处理和真空热处理:对中性状态的永磁合金环进行精密电加工与磨加工,获得中性状态的锁闭磁环坯体;对中性状态的锁闭磁环坯体进行稳定化真空热处理,其中,所述真空热处理温度为400℃~550℃,处理时间10~20小时,真空度1×10-2Pa~5×10-4Pa,保持真空随炉冷却后出炉;
(6)涂覆耐蚀涂层和充磁:采用离子镀方法在锁闭磁环坯体的表面涂覆3μm~6μm高铝耐蚀涂层后,对锁闭磁环坯体按取向方向充磁,获得成品锁闭磁环;
所述锁闭磁环能够实现自锁阀在150℃温度时稳定工作,锁闭力大于65N;所述锁闭磁环的径向环切样品性能满足:Br≥11kGs,jHc≥25kOe,BHm≥31MGOe。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自锁阀用锁闭磁环的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,将合金原料经真空熔炼制备成合金铸片,将合金铸片经氢破、气流磨制得合金粉末,合金粉末的粒度为3.7±0.5μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的自锁阀用锁闭磁环的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中,径向连续扫描磁场大于等于1.3T。
4.根据权利要求1所述的自锁阀用锁闭磁环的制造方法,其特征在于:经所述步骤(4)烧结热处理后的永磁合金环的高度与内外径尺寸厚度比为0.5~1.8,所述锁闭磁环磁取向中心与形状中心同心。
5.根据权利要求1所述的自锁阀用锁闭磁环的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(6)中,按由内向外磁场均匀磁化,磁化方向内N外S的方式对锁闭磁环坯体进行均匀充磁。
6.一种采用权利要求1-5之一所述的方法制造的锁闭磁环,该锁闭磁环在高温环境下服役,其特征在于:该含重稀土的稀土铁基耐温锁闭磁环为通过粉末冶金方法制备的完整闭合磁环,磁环的磁取向方法为磁场沿圆周连续扫描形成,且径向排列由内向外均匀分布;所述锁闭磁环能够实现自锁阀在150℃温度下稳定工作,锁闭力大于65N;所述锁闭磁环的径向环切样品性能满足:Br≥11kGs,jHc≥25kOe,BHm≥31MGOe。
7.根据权利要求6所述的锁闭磁环,其特征在于:所述锁闭磁环的磁取向中心与形状中心同心。
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