CN1085954C - 用于成形性良好的永久磁铁原料粉末的制造方法 - Google Patents

用于成形性良好的永久磁铁原料粉末的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1085954C
CN1085954C CN97102905A CN97102905A CN1085954C CN 1085954 C CN1085954 C CN 1085954C CN 97102905 A CN97102905 A CN 97102905A CN 97102905 A CN97102905 A CN 97102905A CN 1085954 C CN1085954 C CN 1085954C
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关根重信
佐藤广治
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Kawasaki Teitoku Co Ltd
Sanei Kasei Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种成形性,特别是制作粘合磁铁时的成形性,和生产性良好的永久性磁铁原料粉末的制造方法。将长宽比在5∶1以上的针状铁粉,在不含氧的气流中,一边流动一边在800-900℃下进行加热,使针状铁粉形成熔融体,继续加热直到形成长宽比在3∶1以下的柱状、四角状或球状铁粉为止。针状铁粉可以含有或附着稀土金属、稀土金属氧化物、硼、钴、镍等磁性改良成分。

Description

用于成形性良好的永久磁铁原料粉末的制造方法
本发明是关于用于成形性,特别是制作粘合磁铁时的成形性,和生产性良好的永久磁铁原料粉末的制造方法。
作为永久性磁铁成形物有,在高温下将原料粉末进行烧结的烧结磁铁,和粘合磁铁,粘合磁铁是通过将磁铁原料粉末和橡胶或塑料一类的粘合剂混合,加工成形制成的磁铁,不需要烧结工序,工法精度优良,省去了研磨等加工过程,冲击强度高,而且即使是复杂形状的产品,也可以很容易地批量生产,所以得到广泛应用。作为成形方法,可利用压延、挤压成形、喷射成形等一般的塑料成形法,但为了使成形容易,提高生产性能,希望原料粉末近似于球状,而且,尽量具有均匀粒径的。例如,喷射成形时,磁铁原料粉末近似于球状,而且粒径越均匀,成形助剂添加量可越少,由于喷射压力低,所以提高喷射成形机的转数,就能提高生产性能。
另一方面,永久磁铁原料也取得了惊人的进步,特别是钕·铁·硼系永久磁铁,具有优良的磁性,作为磁铁倍加赞尝。在特公昭61-34242号中,公开了一种由Fe-B-Nd成分构成的各向异性磁力烧结磁铁,在制造过程中,首先要制造含有上述成分的铸造合金,接着必需将铸造合金进行机械粉碎,从而存在要花费粉碎费用。而且,存在每批的性能也不同的问题。另外,机械粉碎的原料粉末,由于粒径分布广,用于烧结磁铁,问题很少,但作为粘合磁铁用,在使用时,由于喷射压力很高,即使提高喷射成形机的转数也难以提高生产性能。也有人提出将FeOOH(针铁矿)针状结晶,在氢气流中加热到300-600℃还原,得到针状铁粉,再在其中添加钕一类的稀土金属、硼、钴一类的磁性改良成分,使其扩散,制得永久性磁铁原料粉末,但是,作为初始原料的FeOOH(针铁矿),由于针状结晶的长宽比为5∶1-10∶1左右,所得到的针状铁粉,长宽比也在5∶1以上,用作粘合磁铁时,成形性较差。
本发明的目的,就是提供一种用于成形性,特别是粘合磁铁时的成形性,和生产性优良的永久性磁铁原料粉末的制造方法。
关于本发明的成形性优良的永久磁铁原料粉末的制造方法是,将长宽比为5∶1以上的针状铁粉,一边随着不含氧的气流流动,一边加热到800-900℃,使针状铁粉呈熔融状,继续加热,直到形成长宽比为3∶1以下的柱状,四角状或球状的铁粉为止。针状铁粉是将FeOOH(针铁矿)在氢气气氛下加热到300-600℃,通过氢还原,得到长在10μm以下,宽为其10分之一到5分之一的粉末。针状铁粉可以含有,或附着稀土金属,稀土类金属氧化物、硼、钴、镍等磁性改良成分。
之所以将针状铁粉作为原料,是因为个个针状铁粉的大小较为接近,所得到的长宽比为3∶1以下的柱状、四角状、球状铁粉的粒径比较均匀。长宽比为5∶1以上的针状铁粉,通过800-900℃加热进行熔融化,由于表面张力的作用,长宽比逐渐减少,随着时间的变化,首先成为长宽比为3∶1以下柱状,接着成为四角状,最后成为球状铁粉。重要的是这种加热,一边随着不含氧气的气流流动而一边进行。通过在流动状态下加热,熔融化的个个铁粉相互间不熔合在一起,而保持各自独立的形状。本发明方法,由于不含有粉碎过程,所以所得到的长宽比为3∶1以下的柱状、四角状、球状铁粉能保持比较均匀的粒径。作为针状铁粉在800-900℃下进行流动加热的,不含氧气气流,通常使用氢气气流,但作为制品中的成分,希望含有氮气时,可以更换成氮气流,或者使用含氮气的氢气流。流动加热温度不足800℃时,针状铁粉不能充分熔融化,不可能获得作为本发明目的效果,或者需要工业上所容许限度以上的加热时间,另一方面,流动加热温度超过900℃时,流动化的铁粉有相互熔合形成大颗粒的危险。所需的继续加热时间和处理温度呈反比关系。例如,使用长宽比为10∶1的针状铁粉作原料时,热处理温度800℃时,约1-5小时变成为长宽比为3∶1以下的柱状铁粉,约3-10小时变成四角状铁粉,约8-20小时,变成球状铁粉。热处理温度在900℃下,约7-15小时变成球状铁粉。具体而言,要进行予备性试验,其结果作为参考,在确定热处理温度和处理时间时,也要考虑到热能费用和生产性能。
稀土类金属、稀土类金属氧化物、硼、钴、镍等磁性改良成分,可以在FeOOH(针铁矿)阶段添加,也可以在针状铁粉阶段添加,根据本发明的方法,可以在形成长宽比为3∶1以下的柱状、四角状或球状铁粉后进行添加。无论哪种情况,通过后续热处理将这些磁性改良成分扩散在铁粉表层上,都可提高磁性,各个添加量,可根据期望的磁性随意确定。不管添加物的种类和数量如何,都适用于本发明方法。稀土类,不仅可以使用纯品,也可以使用混合物,也可以使用铁、钴等的合金。硼,不仅可以使用纯硼,也可以使用铁硼合金,和含有Al、Si、C等杂质的。添加的磁性改良成分最好用平均粒径为微米级的或亚微米级的粉末。
根据本发明获得的永久磁铁原料粉末,由于平均粒径是2μm以下的微粉,所以极容易氧化,并且由于在空气中存在着火的危险,所以作为最终制品从制造装置中取出前或取出后,最好施以防氧化的涂层。作为防氧化涂层,可以使用磷酸铝、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、硝酸铝、醋酸铝等无机化合物,或硅油、能形成薄膜的合成树脂等有机化合物。由于有机化合物存在着耐热性的问题,所以必需在800-900℃的流动加热后添加,而无机化合物可以在工序中的任意阶段添加。另外,氢氧化铝、硝酸铝、醋酸铝在800-900℃变成氧化铝。
根据本发明方法制得的永久性磁铁原料粉末,可以用作公知方法制作的烧结磁铁或粘合磁铁,特别是通过喷射成形法制作粘合磁铁时,与原针状结晶粉末相比,以更低的喷射压力,提高喷射机的转数,能以更大的生产速度制造粘合磁铁。通过以下实施例具体说明本发明,但本发明并不仅限于以下实施例。
比较例1
将长约1μm,长宽比约10∶1的FeOOH针状结晶,在氢气流中,400℃下加热还原6小时,得到长约1μm,长宽比约10∶1的针状铁粉。
实施例1-3
将比较例1中获得的针状铁粉在800℃的氢气流中进行流动加热,得到长宽比约为2.5∶1的柱状铁粉(实施例1),四角状铁粉(实施例2)和球状铁粉(实施例3),继续加热时间和粉末形状的关系示于表1。
                 表1
    处理温度℃     处理时间小时     粉末形状
比较例1     0     针状
实施例1     800     1     柱状
实施例2     800     3     四角状
实施例3     800     8     球状
将比较例和实施例1-3的永久性磁铁原料粉末,分别与8(w)%的粘合用尼龙树脂和表2所示量的成形助剂(二氧化硅粉末)进行混合,用喷射成形法制成(1cm×1cm×1cm)的粘合磁铁,并进行磁化。成型助剂添加量、喷射成型机转数、喷射压力(对喷射成型机的最大射出压力50kg/cm2的比率)分别示于表2。
                                  表2
    粉末形状     成形助剂添加量w%     喷射成形机的转数rpm     喷射压力%
比较例1     针状     1     120     98
实施例1     柱状     1     123     98
实施例2     四角状     0.5     125     95
实施例3     球状     0.2     130     95
比较例2
在比较例1中获得的针状铁粉中,添加金属钕粉末、硼粉和钴粉末,按最终成为Nd∶8(w)%、B∶5(w)%、Co∶10(w)%,其余为针状铁粉的比例添加。在500℃下维持20小时,使添加的成分扩散在针状铁粉的表层上。
实施例4-6
将比较例2中获得的,含磁性改良成分的针状铁粉,在900℃的氢气流中进行流动加热,得到长宽比约为2.5∶1的柱状铁粉(实施例4)、四角状铁粉(实施例5)和球状铁粉(实施例6)。继续加热时间和粉末形状的关系示于表3。
                   表3
    处理温度℃     处理时间小时     粉末形状
比较例2     0     针状
实施例4     900     0.5     柱状
实施例5     900     0     四角状
实施例6     900     7     球状
将比较例2和实施例4-6的永久性磁铁原料粉末,分别与8(w)%的粘合用尼龙树脂和表2中所示量的成形助剂(二氧化硅粉末)进行混合,用喷射成形法制成(1cm×1cm×1cm)的粘合磁铁,并进行磁化。成形助剂添加量、喷射成形机的转数、喷射压力(对喷射成形机的最大射出压力50kg/cm2的比率)分别示于表4中。
                              表4
    粉末形状     成形助剂添加量w%     喷射成形机的转数rpm     喷射压力%
比较例2     针状     1     120     98
实施例4     柱状     1     123     98
实施例5     四角状     0.5     125     95
实施例6     球状     0.2     130     95
如表2和表4中所示,根据本发明获得的由长宽比3∶1以下柱状,四角状和球状铁粉形成的永久性磁铁原料粉末,与原针状时相比,以更少的成形助剂添加量,更低的喷射压力,通过提高喷射机的转数,就能以更大的生产速度制造粘合磁铁。
能够制造出永久磁铁的成形性和生产性优良的永久性磁铁原料粉末。

Claims (12)

1一种成形性良好的永久性磁铁用原料粉末的制造方法,其特征是,将长宽比为5∶1以上的针状铁粉,在不含氧气的气流中一边流动,一边在800-900℃加热,使针状铁粉形成熔融体,继续加热,直到形成长宽比为3∶1以下的柱状、四角状或球状铁粉为止,由此制造成形性良好的永久性磁铁用的原料粉末。
2根据权利要求1所述的永久性磁铁用原料粉末的制造方法,其特征是,所述针状铁粉为含有磁性改良成分的铁粉。
3根据权利要求2所述的永久性磁铁用原料粉末的制造方法,其特征是,所述磁性改良成分是从稀土金属、硼和钴金属中选出的至少1种。
4根据权利要求1所述的永久性磁铁用原料粉末的制造方法,其特征是所述不含氧气的气流是氢气流或氮气流。
5根据权利要求1所述的永久性磁铁原料粉末的制造方法,其特征是,所述长宽比为5∶1以上的针状铁粉是将长宽比为5∶1以上的FeOOH(针铁矿)针状结晶在氢气流中,于300-600℃加热还原而成的针状铁粉。
6根据权利要求5所述的永久磁铁用原料粉末的制造方法,其特征是,FeOOH针状结晶含有钴成分。
7根据权利要求5所述的永久性磁铁原料粉末的制造方法,其特征是,所述长宽比为5∶1以上的FeOOH针状结晶是添加磁性改良成分,并使其附着而成的针状结晶。
8根据权利要求7所述的永久性磁铁用原料粉末的制造方法,其特征是,所述磁性改良成分是从稀土金属、硼和钴金属中选出的至少1种。
9根据权利要求1所述永久性磁铁用原料粉末的制造方法,其特征是,所述长宽比为5∶1以上的针状铁粉,是添加磁性改良成分,并使其附着在表面而成的针状铁粉。
10根据权利要求9中所述的永久性磁铁用原料粉末的制造方法,其特征是,所述磁性改良成分是从稀土金属、硼和钴金属中选出的至少一种。
11根据权利要求1所述的永久性磁铁用原料粉末的制造方法,其特征是,向已形成长宽比为3∶1以下的柱状、四角状或球状铁粉添加磁性改良成分,加热,使磁性改良成分扩散至柱状、四角状或球状铁粉的表层上。
12根据权利要求11所述的永久性磁铁用原料粉末的制造方法,其特征是,所述磁性改良成分是从稀土金属、硼和钴金属中选出的至少一种。
CN97102905A 1996-01-10 1997-01-10 用于成形性良好的永久磁铁原料粉末的制造方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1085954C (zh)

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JPH1131610A (ja) * 1997-07-11 1999-02-02 Mitsubishi Materials Corp 磁気異方性に優れた希土類磁石粉末の製造方法
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JP2001254103A (ja) * 2000-03-13 2001-09-18 Sanei Kasei Kk ナノコンポジット構造を有する金属粒子及び自己組織化によるその製造方法
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