CN108530069A - 一种高介电常数与低介电损耗兼备的离子改性二氧化钛陶瓷材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高介电常数与低介电损耗兼备的离子改性二氧化钛陶瓷材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高介电常数与低介电损耗兼备的离子改性二氧化钛陶瓷材料的制备方法。所述二氧化钛陶瓷材料为(Pr0.5Nb0.5) x Ti1‑ x O2,其中,0.5%≤x≤10%摩尔比,以二氧化钛(TiO2)、氧化镨(Pr6O11)和氧化铌(Nb2O5)为原料,采用传统固相烧结的方法,通过调控掺杂元素含量和烧结温度,获得高介电常数与低介电损耗兼备的离子改性二氧化钛陶瓷材料。所得陶瓷材料的介电常数高至80000,介电损耗低至4%,且该陶瓷材料的介电性能具有良好的温度稳定性和频率稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及介电陶瓷领域,具体涉及一种高介电常数与低介电损耗兼备的离子改性二氧化钛陶瓷材料的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着半导体工业的不断发展,微电子应用的需求不断增长,电子设备的小型化和集成化成为当今的发展趋势。开发出能够在小面积器件上提供高密度存储能力的材料成为了推动微电子产业发展的关键。因此,高介电常数材料的研发成为了微电子产业发展的核心要求 (Nat. Mater., 2011, 10, 899-901)。
目前,市面上已经出现了若干种具有高介电常数的材料,其中包括(Pb, La)TiO3(Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001, 86, 3403-3406)、BaTiO3 (Adv. Funct. Mater., 2014, 24,885-896)、SrTiO3 (J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2014, 34, 1755-1760)和CaCu3Ti4O12(Science, 2001, 293, 673-676)。然而,上述材料存在高介电常数与高介电损耗并存的现象,例如,CaCu3Ti4O12的介电损耗通常高于20%,使得这类材料无法在高密度存储领域获得广泛应用。此外,BaTiO3的介电常数存在着强烈的温度依赖性 (J. Mater., Sci., 1971,6, 1214-1224),仅在BaTiO3的四方与立方相转变温度时,BaTiO3才具有高介电常数,这促使BaTiO3无法在较宽的温度范围内服役。同时,由于含铅,(Pb, La)TiO3在使用过程中会危害人类身体健康,废弃后污染土壤,因而逐渐被无铅材料替代。
2013年,Wanbiao Hu等首次报道一种经过In3+离子与Nb5+离子改性的二氧化钛陶瓷材料 (Nat. Mater., 2013, 12, 821-826),相较于传统的二氧化钛陶瓷材料,介电常数得到了极大的提高,这也为介电材料的研发提供了一种新思路。然而,这种陶瓷材料的介电常数仍然比许多传统介电材料低。同时,目前有关掺杂元素对二氧化钛陶瓷介电性能影响的研究较少。因此,我们期望通过改变掺杂元素种类以及调整制备方法,来获得高介电常数与低介电损耗兼备的离子改性二氧化钛陶瓷材料,以推动高密度存储以及微电子器件领域的发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过同时添加新型的三价元素Pr和五价元素Nb,在二氧化钛中获得高介电常数与低介电损耗兼备的离子改性二氧化钛陶瓷材料。
本发明的基本思路是:采用传统固相烧结的方法,将新型的三价元素Pr和五价元素Nb同时添加到二氧化钛中,通过调控掺杂含量与烧结温度来获得高介电常数与低介电损耗兼备的二氧化钛陶瓷材料。该陶瓷材料获得增强的介电性能可以用电子钉扎理论解释:引入的Pr3+离子取代了二氧化钛基体中的部分Ti4+离子,从而产生了一定浓度的氧空位,氧空位又促使Ti4+离子转变为Ti3+离子,从而产生自由电子。上述过程产生的氧空位与自由电子结合形成缺陷偶极子,一定数量的缺陷偶极子聚集在一起,使得材料具有了高介电常数;同时,晶界处较高的活化能又使得材料的介电损耗处于低水平。
根据上述发明思路和发明目的,本发明采用下述工艺步骤构成的技术方案来实现。
本发明的具体工序步骤如下:
(1)将二氧化钛(TiO2)、氧化镨(Pr6O11)和氧化铌(Nb2O5)粉体原料,按化学式(Pr0.5Nb0.5) x Ti1-x O2进行配料,其中0.5%≤x≤10%,并以无水乙醇为介质进行滚动球磨,将滚动球磨24小时后的粉料烘干得到混合干粉;
(2)将步骤(1)所得的混合干粉在马弗炉中预烧4小时,预烧温度为1100oC,气氛为空气气氛,随炉冷却后将预烧好的混合干粉加入8 wt%的聚乙烯醇水溶液,进行造粒,得到粒度均匀的粒料;
(3)利用磨具将步骤(2)所得的粒料压制成厚度为1.2毫米、直径为10毫米的小圆片,然后将小圆片放在马弗炉中排胶2小时,排胶温度为1000 oC,气氛为空气气氛,随炉冷却后将小圆片在1380~1450 oC下保温3.5小时烧结,气氛为空气气氛,随炉冷却后得到陶瓷片;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的陶瓷片被上银电极,即获得高介电常数与低介电损耗兼备的离子改性二氧化钛陶瓷材料。
本发明具有下述优点:(1)本发明的新型离子改性二氧化钛陶瓷材料的介电性能得到了极大的改善,其介电常数高达80000,介电损耗低至4%,上述增强的介电性能使其在高密度存储的微电子领域具有广泛的应用价值;(2)本发明提供的陶瓷材料具有良好的温度稳定性,使得由该陶瓷制作而成的电子器件可以在较宽的温度范围内服役;(3)本发明提供的陶瓷材料具有良好的频率稳定性,使得由该陶瓷制作而成的电子器件可以在较宽的频率范围内服役。(4)本发明的制备工艺方法简单,便于操作,适合工业化大批量生产。
具体实施方案
实例一
(1)将原料二氧化钛(TiO2)、氧化镨(Pr6O11)和氧化铌(Nb2O5),按化学式(Pr0.5Nb0.5) x Ti1-x O2进行备料,其中x=0.5%,并以无水乙醇为介质进行滚动球磨,将滚动球磨24小时后的粉体烘干得到混合干粉;
(2) 将步骤(1)所得的混合干粉在马弗炉中预烧4小时,预烧温度为1100oC,气氛为空气气氛,随炉冷却后将预烧好的混合干粉加入8 wt%的聚乙烯醇水溶液,进行造粒,得到粒度均匀的粒料;
(3) 利用磨具将步骤(2)所得的粒料压制成厚度为1.2毫米、直径为10毫米的小圆片,然后将小圆片放在马弗炉中排胶2小时,排胶温度为1000 oC,气氛为空气气氛,随炉冷却后将小圆片在1380 oC下保温3.5小时烧结,气氛为空气气氛,随炉冷却后得到陶瓷片;
(4)将步骤(3)烧结后的陶瓷片被上银电极,即获得高介电常数与低介电损耗兼备的离子改性二氧化钛陶瓷材料。实例一的评价结果见表一。
实例二
(1)将原料二氧化钛(TiO2)、氧化镨(Pr6O11)和氧化铌(Nb2O5),按化学式(Pr0.5Nb0.5) x Ti1-x O2进行备料,其中x=1%,并以无水乙醇为介质进行滚动球磨,将滚动球磨24小时后的粉体烘干得到混合干粉;
(2) 将步骤(1)所得的混合干粉在马弗炉中预烧4小时,预烧温度为1100oC,气氛为空气气氛,随炉冷却后将预烧好的混合干粉加入8 wt%的聚乙烯醇水溶液,进行造粒,得到粒度均匀的粒料;
(3) 利用磨具将步骤(2)所得的粒料压制成厚度为1.2毫米、直径为10毫米的小圆片,然后将小圆片放在马弗炉中排胶2小时,排胶温度为1000 oC,气氛为空气气氛,随炉冷却后将小圆片在1430 oC下保温3.5小时烧结,气氛为空气气氛,随炉冷却后得到陶瓷片;
(4)将步骤(3)烧结后的陶瓷片被上银电极,即获得高介电常数与低介电损耗兼备的离子改性二氧化钛陶瓷材料。实例二的评价结果见表一。
实例三
(1)将原料二氧化钛(TiO2)、氧化镨(Pr6O11)和氧化铌(Nb2O5),按化学式(Pr0.5Nb0.5) x Ti1-x O2进行备料,其中x=2.5%,并以无水乙醇为介质进行滚动球磨,将滚动球磨24小时后的粉体烘干得到混合干粉;
(2) 将步骤(1)所得的混合干粉在马弗炉中预烧4小时,预烧温度为1100oC,气氛为空气气氛,随炉冷却后将预烧好的混合干粉加入8 wt%的聚乙烯醇水溶液,进行造粒,得到粒度均匀的粒料;
(3) 利用磨具将步骤(2)所得的粒料压制成厚度为1.2毫米、直径为10毫米的小圆片,然后将小圆片放在马弗炉中排胶2小时,排胶温度为1000 oC,气氛为空气气氛,随炉冷却后将小圆片在1450 oC下保温3.5小时烧结,气氛为空气气氛,随炉冷却后得到陶瓷片;
(4)将步骤(3)烧结后的陶瓷片被上银电极,即获得高介电常数与低介电损耗兼备的离子改性二氧化钛陶瓷材料。实例三的评价结果见表一。
表一 各实例制备得到的二氧化钛陶瓷材料的评价
说明书附图中图1为为(Pr0.5Nb0.5) x Ti1-x O2陶瓷材料的X射线衍射(XRD)图。
说明书附图中图2为(Pr0.5Nb0.5) x Ti1-x O2陶瓷材料的表面和断面的扫描电镜(SEM)图。
说明书附图中图3为(Pr0.5Nb0.5) x Ti1-x O2陶瓷材料的表面和断面的元素分布(Mapping)图。
说明书附图中图4为(Pr0.5Nb0.5) x Ti1-x O2陶瓷材料的介电常数与介电损耗随温度变化的示意图。
说明书附图中图5 (Pr0.5Nb0.5) x Ti1-x O2陶瓷材料的介电常数与介电损耗随频率变化的示意图。
说明书附图中图6为(Pr0.5Nb0.5) x Ti1-x O2陶瓷材料的拉曼光谱(Raman)。
Claims (3)
1.一种高介电常数与低介电损耗兼备的离子改性二氧化钛陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,在二氧化钛中同时添加三价元素Pr和五价元素Nb,通过调控Pr和Nb的掺杂含量与烧结温度来获得高介电常数与低介电损耗兼备的二氧化钛陶瓷材料,该材料的通式为(Pr0.5Nb0.5) x Ti1-x O2,其中,Pr和Nb的掺杂含量调控范围为0.5%≤x≤10%摩尔比。
2.根据权利要求1所述离子改性二氧化钛陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下工序和步骤:
(1)将二氧化钛(TiO2)、氧化镨(Pr6O11)和氧化铌(Nb2O5)粉体原料,按化学式(Pr0.5Nb0.5) x Ti1-x O2进行配料,其中0.5%≤x≤10%,并以无水乙醇为介质进行滚动球磨,将滚动球磨24小时后的粉料烘干得到混合干粉;
(2)将步骤(1)所得的混合干粉在马弗炉中预烧4小时,预烧温度为1100oC,气氛为空气气氛,随炉冷却后将预烧好的混合干粉加入8 wt%的聚乙烯醇水溶液,进行造粒,得到粒度均匀的粒料;
(3)利用磨具将步骤(2)所得的粒料压制成厚度为1.2毫米、直径为10毫米的小圆片,然后将小圆片放在马弗炉中排胶2小时,排胶温度为1000 oC,气氛为空气气氛,随炉冷却后将小圆片在1380~1450 oC下保温3.5小时烧结,气氛为空气气氛,随炉冷却后得到陶瓷片;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的陶瓷片被上银电极,即获得高介电常数与低介电损耗兼备的离子改性二氧化钛陶瓷材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述制备方法,得到的离子改性二氧化钛陶瓷材料,其特征在于,该陶瓷材料的介电常数高至80000,介电损耗低至4%,且该材料的介电性能具有良好的温度稳定性和频率稳定性。
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