CN108522893A - 一种黄鳝保肝剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种黄鳝保肝剂及其制备方法，属于水产饲料添加剂领域。本发明黄鳝保肝剂每100份由以下原料按重量配比组成：艾叶粉10‑14份，藜蒿叶提取物8‑12份，精制浮萍粉7‑11份，发酵藻粉12‑16份，蚯蚓粉4‑6份，其余为载体，载体为小麦粉和硅藻粉按质量比1:1‑2。添加到黄鳝日粮中，可有效促进黄鳝机体内脂肪代谢，减少脂肪在肝脏的储存，同时还能防治疾病引发的肝脏损伤；还可促进黄鳝对日粮营养物质的消化吸收，提高黄鳝成活率及生长率。
Description
技术领域：本发明涉及饲料添加剂领域，特别涉及以一种黄鳝保肝剂及其制备方法。
背景技术：
黄鳝属合鳃鱼目，合鳃鱼科，黄鳝属，是一种肉质细嫩、鲜美可口、营养价值高的特种经济淡水鱼，具有滋补强省和药用功能，深受消费者喜爱。近年来，由于过度捕捞导致黄鳝自然资源频临枯竭，人工养殖成为了近年来研究的热点，越来越多的人开始养殖黄鳝，但因人工饲喂的日粮与野生黄鳝的饵料营养价值差异加大，在养殖过程中黄鳝经常出现脂肪肝等肝脏营养性疾病，导致大面积死亡的现象，特别是在越冬期死亡更加严重。同时随着人工养殖密度的加大，黄鳝更易感染疾病，从而也会引起黄鳝肝脏损伤，影响到黄鳝的肝脏代谢，进而影响黄鳝的生长。肝脏是鱼类的重要器官，具备多种重要的生理功能，包括参与机体各种物质的代谢、解毒作用、吞噬清除有害物质作用、分泌胆汁促进消化作用等功能。而目前针对人工养殖黄鳝出现的脂肪问题研究报道很少，因此亟待开发一种黄鳝保肝剂，提高人工养殖黄鳝效益。
发明内容：
本发明目的在于提供一种能有效增强黄鳝肝脏健康，防治营养性脂肪肝及疾病引起的肝脏损伤，同时具有提高黄鳝饲料利用率、成活率和生长速度，降低发病率等作用的黄鳝保肝剂。
为实现以上目的，本发明是通过如下技术方案来实现的；
一种黄鳝保肝剂及其制备方法，其特征在于：每100份由以下原料按重量配比组成：艾叶粉10-14份，藜蒿叶提取物8-12份，精制浮萍粉7-11份，发酵藻粉12-16份，蚯蚓粉4-6份，其余为载体，载体为小麦粉和硅藻粉按质量比1:1-2。
所述艾叶粉制备方法为：将干燥的艾叶粉碎过80目筛即可；
所述藜蒿叶提取物的制备方法如下：取新鲜藜蒿叶，进行低温烘干后粉碎过40目筛，得藜蒿叶粉，按固液比1:4-6向藜蒿叶粉中加入水，搅拌均匀后，加入藜蒿叶粉质量0.5%-0.9%的复合酶，保持温度40-45℃进行酶解，酶解时间为1-1.5h，酶解后对藜蒿叶粉进行加温干燥；将酶解后的藜蒿叶粉与75%-80%的乙醇按固液比1:4-6混匀，超声提取30-40min，频率为45kHz，过滤，将滤液干燥粉碎过80目筛，即得藜蒿叶提取物；
所述复合酶由果胶酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶按照质量比1:1-2:1-2组成；
所述精制浮萍粉的制备方法如下：取新鲜浮萍，进行低温干燥至水分低于15%，粉碎过40目筛，得浮萍粉，按固液比1:6-8加入水，在40-45℃条件下回流1-1.5h，回流结束后干燥粉碎过80目筛，即得精制浮萍粉；
所述发酵藻粉的制备方法如下：按照质量比1:2取干燥葛叶和拟微绿球藻，分别粉碎过40目筛，混合，置于发酵容器中，加入葛叶和拟微绿球藻粉（1:2）重量10%-15%的豆粕及0.1%-0.4%的复合微生物，加入蒸馏水，使发酵物含水量达25%-38%，密封发酵24-36h，发酵结束后，进行低温通风干燥，碎过80目筛，得发酵藻粉；
所述复合微生物由双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌组成，其中双歧杆菌菌群含量为2.0×108cfu/g，乳酸菌菌群含量为1.5×108cfu/g，枯草芽孢杆菌菌群含量为1.8×107cfu/g；
所述蚯蚓粉的制备方法：取新鲜蚯蚓，经-15℃低温冷冻后，进行真空低温干燥至水分含量为10%-13%，进行粉碎过80目筛，即得蚯蚓粉；
本发明保肝剂在黄鳝日粮中的添加量为0.1%-0.5%。
有益效果：本发明保肝剂所采用的原料均为绿色安全的中草药和蚯蚓粉组成，且选取的原料可在黄鳝生长周边环境获得，本发明通过各组成配伍科学，具有协同作用，通过采用不同的处理措施对原料进行处理，可以极大的释放中草药类原料活性成分，其有益效果有：①能有效防治黄鳝发生营养性脂肪肝的发生，促进机体内脂肪代谢；②能有效防治黄鳝疾病引起的肝脏损伤，提高肝细胞活力；③提高黄鳝健康度，促进生长。发明人在实施过程中还意外发现本保肝剂能显著提高黄鳝的怀卵量及孵化率，提高黄鳝的繁殖性能。
具体实施例
以下的实施例仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通工程技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明的权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
一种黄鳝保肝剂及其制备方法，其特征在于：每100份由以下原料按重量配比组成：艾叶粉12份，藜蒿叶提取物10份，精制浮萍粉9份，发酵藻粉14份，蚯蚓粉5份，其余为载体，载体为小麦粉和硅藻粉按质量比1:1.5。
所述艾叶粉制备方法为：将干燥的艾叶粉碎过80目筛即可；
所述藜蒿叶提取物的制备方法如下：取新鲜藜蒿叶，进行低温烘干后粉碎过40目筛，得藜蒿叶粉，按固液比1:5向藜蒿叶粉中加入水，搅拌均匀后，加入藜蒿叶粉质量0.7%的复合酶，保持温度43℃进行酶解，酶解时间为1.2h，酶解后对藜蒿叶粉进行加温干燥；将酶解后的藜蒿叶粉与75%-80%的乙醇按固液比1:5混匀，超声提取35min，频率为45kHz，过滤，将滤液干燥粉碎过60目筛，即得藜蒿叶提取物；
所述复合酶由果胶酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶按照质量比1:1.5:1.5组成；
所述精制浮萍粉的制备方法如下：取新鲜浮萍，进行低温干燥至水分低于15%，粉碎过40目筛，得浮萍粉，按固液比1:7加入水，在42℃条件下回流1.3h，回流结束后干燥粉碎过60目筛，即得精制浮萍粉；
所述发酵藻粉的制备方法如下：按照质量比1:2取干燥葛叶和拟微绿球藻，分别粉碎过40目筛，混合，置于发酵容器中，加入干燥葛叶和拟微绿球藻粉（1:2）重量13%的豆粕及0.2%的复合微生物，加入蒸馏水，使发酵物含水量达30%，密封发酵30h，发酵结束后，进行低温通风干燥，得发酵藻粉；
所述复合微生物由双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌组成，其中双歧杆菌菌群含量为2.0×108cfu/g，乳酸菌菌群含量为1.5×108cfu/g，枯草芽孢杆菌菌群含量为1.8×107cfu/g；
所述蚯蚓粉的制备方法：取新鲜蚯蚓，经-15℃低温冷冻后，进行真空低温干燥至水分含量为11%，进行粉碎过80目筛，即得蚯蚓粉；
本发明保肝剂在黄鳝日粮中的添加量为0.3%。
试验例：
试验在江西农业大学黄鳝繁殖基地进行，选择个体体重约为15g，体质健壮，体表光滑无损伤的黄鳝180尾，分为2组，即对照组和试验组，每组3个重复，对照组为基础日粮，试验组为在基础日粮按照具体实施中的添加量添加黄鳝保肝剂。每天18:30左右饲喂一次，饲喂量为鱼体重的3%—5%, 根据黄鳝吃食情况调整投喂量，以30min内吃完为准。生长试验时间持续13周。
样品采集：试验结束后，每个重复随机选择3尾黄鳝，活鳝准确称重，放血致死，血液收集于试管中，室温下经3-4h后析出血清，然后进行3000r/min离心10min，取上层血清于-20℃冰箱中保存备用。整个取样过程在冰盘上进行。
测定指标及方法：血清中总胆固醇采用邻苯二甲醛法测定，血清甘油三酯采用酶比色法测定，谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶采用赖氏法测定，低密度脂蛋白采用聚乙烯硫酸沉淀法测定，高密度脂蛋白采用磷钨酸-镁沉淀法测定，所有血清指标测定试剂盒由南京建成科技有限公司提供。
试验结果黄鳝越冬成活率，不同处理对黄鳝血清生化指标的影响如下：
表1 黄鳝越冬成活率
表2 不同处理对黄鳝血清生化指标的影响
由表1可见，试验组黄鳝越冬成活率达95.4%，显著高于对照组，说明添加本发明保肝剂可促进黄鳝机体健康，提高黄鳝抗逆性。由表2可见，对照组黄鳝血清中总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯显著高于试验组，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著低于试验组，说明试验组日粮中添加了保肝剂可以促进黄鳝机体对脂肪的代谢，防止脂肪肝的产生；而对照组中谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶的含量均显著高于试验组，说明试验组中添加的保肝剂还能减少肝细胞损伤，保护黄鳝肝脏。
Claims (6)
1.一种黄鳝保肝剂及其制备方法，其特征在于：每100份由以下原料按重量配比组成：艾叶粉10-14份，藜蒿叶提取物8-12份，精制浮萍粉7-11份，发酵藻粉12-16份，蚯蚓粉4-6份，其余为载体，载体为小麦粉和硅藻粉按质量比1:1-2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄鳝保肝剂及其制备方法，其特征在于：一种黄鳝保肝剂及其制备方法，其特征在于：每100份由以下原料按重量配比组成：艾叶粉12份，藜蒿叶提取物10份，精制浮萍粉9份，发酵藻粉14份，蚯蚓粉5份，其余为载体，载体为小麦粉和硅藻粉按质量比1:1.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄鳝保肝剂及其制备方法，其特征在于：所述艾叶粉制备方法为：将干燥的艾叶粉碎过80目筛即可；
所述藜蒿叶提取物的制备方法如下：取新鲜藜蒿叶，进行低温烘干后粉碎过40目筛，得藜蒿叶粉，按固液比1:4-6向藜蒿叶粉中加入水，搅拌均匀后，加入藜蒿叶粉质量0.5%-0.9%的复合酶，保持温度40-45℃进行酶解，酶解时间为1-1.5h，酶解后对藜蒿叶粉进行加温干燥；将酶解后的藜蒿叶粉与75%-80%的乙醇按固液比1:4-6混匀，超声提取30-40min，频率为45kHz，过滤，将滤液干燥粉碎过80目筛，即得藜蒿叶提取物；
所述复合酶由果胶酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶按照质量比1:1-2:1-2组成；
所述精制浮萍粉的制备方法如下：取新鲜浮萍，进行低温干燥至水分低于15%，粉碎过40目筛，得浮萍粉，按固液比1:6-8加入水，在40-45℃条件下回流1-1.5h，回流结束后干燥粉碎过80目筛，即得精制浮萍粉；
所述发酵藻粉的制备方法如下：按照质量比1:2取干燥葛叶和拟微绿球藻，分别粉碎过40目筛，混合，置于发酵容器中，加入葛叶和拟微绿球藻粉（1:2）重量10%-15%的豆粕及0.1%-0.4%的复合微生物，加入蒸馏水，使发酵物含水量达25%-38%，密封发酵24-36h，发酵结束后，进行低温通风干燥，碎过80目筛，得发酵藻粉；
所述复合微生物由双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌组成，其中双歧杆菌菌群含量为2.0×108cfu/g，乳酸菌菌群含量为1.5×108cfu/g，枯草芽孢杆菌菌群含量为1.8×107cfu/g；
所述蚯蚓粉的制备方法：取新鲜蚯蚓，经-15℃低温冷冻后，进行真空低温干燥至水分含量为11%-13%，进行粉碎过80目筛，即得蚯蚓粉。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄鳝保肝剂及其制备方法，其特征在于：所述艾叶粉制备方法为：将干燥的艾叶粉碎过80目筛即可；
所述藜蒿叶提取物的制备方法如下：取新鲜藜蒿叶，进行低温烘干后粉碎过40目筛，得藜蒿叶粉，按固液比1:5向藜蒿叶粉中加入水，搅拌均匀后，加入藜蒿叶粉质量0.7%的复合酶，保持温度43℃进行酶解，酶解时间为1.2h，酶解后对藜蒿叶粉进行加温干燥；将酶解后的藜蒿叶粉与75%-80%的乙醇按固液比1:5混匀，超声提取35min，频率为45kHz，过滤，将滤液干燥粉碎过60目筛，即得藜蒿叶提取物；
所述复合酶由果胶酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶按照质量比1:1.5:1.5组成；
所述精制浮萍粉的制备方法如下：取新鲜浮萍，进行低温干燥至水分低于15%，粉碎过40目筛，得浮萍粉，按固液比1:7加入水，在42℃条件下回流1.3h，回流结束后干燥粉碎过60目筛，即得精制浮萍粉；
所述发酵藻粉的制备方法如下：按照质量比1:2取干燥葛叶和拟微绿球藻，分别粉碎过40目筛，混合，置于发酵容器中，加入葛叶和拟微绿球藻粉（1:2）重量13%的豆粕及0.2%的复合微生物，加入蒸馏水，使发酵物含水量达30%，密封发酵30h，发酵结束后，进行低温通风干燥，得发酵藻粉；
所述复合微生物由双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌组成，其中双歧杆菌菌群含量为2.0×108cfu/g，乳酸菌菌群含量为1.5×108cfu/g，枯草芽孢杆菌菌群含量为1.8×107cfu/g；
所述蚯蚓粉的制备方法：取新鲜蚯蚓，经-15℃低温冷冻后，进行真空低温干燥至水分含量为13%，进行粉碎过80目筛，即得蚯蚓粉。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄鳝保肝剂，其特征在于：本发明保肝剂在黄鳝日粮中的添加量为0.1%-0.5%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄鳝保肝剂，其特征在于：本发明保肝剂在黄鳝日粮中的添加量为0.3%。
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