CN108503416B - Special efficient and accurate foliar fertilizer for green radish and application method thereof - Google Patents
Special efficient and accurate foliar fertilizer for green radish and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108503416B CN108503416B CN201810612815.3A CN201810612815A CN108503416B CN 108503416 B CN108503416 B CN 108503416B CN 201810612815 A CN201810612815 A CN 201810612815A CN 108503416 B CN108503416 B CN 108503416B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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Abstract
The invention provides a special high-efficiency foliar fertilizer for green radish, which consists of organic components and inorganic components, wherein the organic components comprise: humic acid, polypeptide and glucose, and the inorganic components comprise: ferrous sulfate, boric acid, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, magnesium sulfate, sodium selenite and manganese chloride. Wherein, humic acid is 1.5-9 g/L; polypeptide liquid: 100-200 ml/L; glucose 200-400 g/L; 3.75g/L of ferrous sulfate; boric acid 0.087 g/L; copper sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.75g/L of ammonium molybdate; magnesium sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.15g/L of sodium selenite; manganese chloride 0.054 g/L. The Weixian radish Weixian fertilizer disclosed by the invention is sprayed with a proper amount under the condition of being suitable for cultivating the Weixian radish, so that the sugar content of the Weixian radish can be increased, the pungency is reduced, the color of fleshy roots is improved, and the brittleness is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilizers, and in particular relates to a special high-efficiency foliar fertilizer for green radish and an application method thereof.
Background
Weixian county radish also called green radish belongs to brassicaceous radish, is a famous local specialty in Weifang city, is also a famous good radish variety in Shandong province, and is inspected by the national quality inspection Bureau in 2006 to obtain the name of a national geographical marking product. Weixian county radish is green in pulp, sweet, crisp and juicy, slightly spicy, and eaten raw like fruits, which is more typical 'fruit radish'. Weixian radish has its name originated in Shandong Weixian, and has been cultivated in 300 years. Weixian radish is not only a vegetable, but also a fruit and is also a traditional Chinese medicine. As vegetables, all vegetables can be fried, stirred, stewed and pickled, and as fruits, Qing Dynasty Zhengban Qiao ever written poetry saying that the northeast ginseng Laiyang pear is unreachable with Weixian county radish skin, and as traditional Chinese medicine folk, the theory that the radish is drunk and the Qidebao doctor climbs the ground is also provided. The "medical herbal medicine" has been recorded: weixian radish has the effects of benefiting five internal organs, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough, treating lung hematemesis, warming middle-jiao and regulating qi. Weixian radish contains an interferon inducer, has the effect of inhibiting tumor development, and has significant inhibiting effect on human cells such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, uterine cancer and the like. In addition, the vegetarian garden radish can reduce cholesterol in the human body and reduce the occurrence of hypertension and coronary heart disease, and has higher edible value and medicinal value. And is therefore also called "vitamin radish".
For a long time, due to the lack of a special fertilizer suitable for the characteristic of Weixian radish nutrient demand in the market and the general lack of scientific cultivation management knowledge of vegetable growers, blind fertilization and excessive fertilization phenomena in production are very common, the problem of unbalanced soil nutrients, physiological diseases and pathological diseases of Weixian radish are increasingly serious after continuous planting for several years, so that the production has to be controlled and relieved by using a large amount of pesticides, and the sustainable and healthy development of the Weixian radish industry is severely restricted. And the waste of nutrient resources and energy sources caused by unbalanced application of the fertilizer and even the problem of environmental pollution also become an important aspect which cannot be ignored at present. Based on the method, the research of the high-efficiency foliar fertilizer special for the Weixian radish with strong pertinence is of great significance according to the nutrient requirement characteristic of the Weixian radish and the conversion characteristic of main mineral nutrient elements in soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a special high-efficiency foliar fertilizer and an application method thereof, which are developed according to the nutrient requirement characteristics of green radish and the characteristics of main mineral nutrient elements in fleshy roots.
The invention provides a special high-efficiency foliar fertilizer for green radish, which consists of organic components and inorganic components, wherein the organic components comprise: humic acid, polypeptide liquid and glucose, and the inorganic components comprise: ferrous sulfate, boric acid, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, magnesium sulfate, sodium selenite and manganese chloride.
Wherein, the contents of the components can be as follows in sequence: humic acid is 1.5-9 g/L; polypeptide liquid: 100-200 ml/L; glucose 200-400 g/L; 3.75g/L of ferrous sulfate; boric acid 0.087 g/L; copper sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.75g/L of ammonium molybdate; magnesium sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.15g/L of sodium selenite; manganese chloride 0.054 g/L.
The humic acid can be humic acid of inner Mongolia lignite;
the polypeptide liquid is prepared by the following method: performing hydrolysis reaction on a mixture of bean pulp, corn grit and peanut grit in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, adding ammonium bicarbonate and calcium oxide into a system after the reaction to neutralize acidic substances, concentrating to make the acidity of the system reach about 6, and filtering to remove residues, wherein the obtained filtrate is polypeptide liquid.
Wherein in the mixture of the bean pulp, the corn grit and the peanut grit, the mass ratio of the bean pulp, the corn grit and the peanut grit can be 2: 3: 1.
the concentrated sulfuric acid is 98% concentrated sulfuric acid by mass concentration.
The mass ratio of the mixture of the bean pulp, the corn residue and the peanut residue to the sulfuric acid and the water can be as follows: 1:1:1.5.
The hydrolysis reaction may be carried out at a temperature of 113 ℃ for a time of 12 hours.
After the reaction is finished, the temperature is reduced to about 40 ℃, and then ammonium bicarbonate and calcium oxide are sequentially added for neutralization.
Wherein the mass of the ammonium bicarbonate is 1.07 times of the total mass of the bean pulp, the corn grit and the peanut grit; the mass of the calcium oxide is 0.38 times of the total mass of the bean pulp, the corn residue and the peanut residue.
The concentration was 50% of the original volume.
Specifically, the content of humic acid in the fertilizer is as follows: 1.5-6 g/L; polypeptide liquid: 150 ml/L; the content of glucose is: 200-300 g/L; 3.75g/L of ferrous sulfate; boric acid 0.087 g/L; copper sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.75g/L of ammonium molybdate; magnesium sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.15g/L of sodium selenite; manganese chloride 0.054 g/L.
Or the content of humic acid in the fertilizer is as follows: 6 g/L; polypeptide liquid: 150 ml/L; the content of glucose is: 300 g/L; 3.75g/L of ferrous sulfate; boric acid 0.087 g/L; copper sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.75g/L of ammonium molybdate; magnesium sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.15g/L of sodium selenite; manganese chloride 0.054 g/L.
The application of the high-efficiency foliar fertilizer in improving the sweetness and the flesh color of the green radish also belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
In the application, the green radish is the Weixian radish.
The invention also provides a method for improving sweetness and flesh color of green radish.
The method for improving the sweetness and the flesh color of the green radish comprises the following steps: and applying the high-efficiency foliar fertilizer to radish plants.
In the method, the radish plant is mainly characterized by leaf parts.
In the method, the optimal period of fertilization can be as follows: and (3) spraying the high-efficiency foliar fertilizer for 1 time every 5-8 days in the fleshy root expansion full-season of the green radish, and stopping spraying 10 days before harvesting.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the important traits of Weixian county radish include sweetness, water content, pungency and flesh color, and the method provided by the invention aims at the problems that the Weixian county radish is easy to change pungency, has low sweetness and flesh color becomes shallow, and through a large number of experimental researches, the method can improve the sugar content of the Weixian county radish, reduce pungency and improve the color of meat roots. The Weixian radish Weixian fertilizer disclosed by the invention is sprayed with a proper amount under the condition of being suitable for cultivating the Weixian radish, so that the sugar content of the Weixian radish can be increased, the pungency is reduced, the color of fleshy roots is improved, and the brittleness is increased.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the formula is scientific and reasonable: the fertilizer formula is developed aiming at the nutrient demand characteristic and the leaf absorption characteristic of the Weixian radish, has strong pertinence and reasonable component proportion, and can meet the later-stage growth demand of the Weixian radish according to the growth condition of the radish;
2. the nutrition is comprehensive: the fertilizer contains trace element components, so that the occurrence of the radish black heart disease can be effectively prevented; the organic components contained in the fertilizer can improve the sugar content, the crispness and the like of the Weixian radish, so that the Weixian radish has better mouthfeel and quality;
3. less dosage and quick action: the fertilizer containing trace elements such as boron, manganese, molybdenum, iron and the like is large in dosage when being absorbed by roots, and the fertilizer is intensively sprayed on radish leaves and is small in dosage; through the absorption of the leaf surface, the transportation distance is short, the action speed is fast, and the ionic state is easy to absorb, and the metabolism of the crops can be better participated in.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 preparation of a radish
Take the preparation of 1L of concentrated foliar fertilizer liquid as an example
(1) Preparation of hydrolytically active polypeptide: the polypeptide liquid is: the soybean meal, the corn residues and the peanut residues are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2: 3: 1 and 95 percent concentrated sulfuric acid (the mixture: sulfuric acid: water is 1:1:1.5), hydrolyzing in a porcelain hydrolysis tank for 12 hours at the temperature of 113 ℃, sequentially adding 1.07 times of ammonium bicarbonate and 0.38 times of calcium oxide for neutralization after the temperature is reduced to about 40 ℃, concentrating to 50 percent of the original volume to ensure that the acidity reaches about pH 6, and filtering to remove residues to obtain filtrate, namely polypeptide liquid;
(2) preparation of different inorganic fertilizer mixtures:
3.75g of ferrous sulfate, 0.087g of boric acid, 0.75g of copper sulfate, 0.75g of magnesium sulfate and 0.054g of manganese chloride are respectively dissolved in 100ml of water and then mixed to obtain solution A.
0.75g of ammonium molybdate and 0.15g of sodium selenite are dissolved by 100ml of water to obtain solution B.
(3) High-efficiency leaf fertilizer preparation
Adding 6g of humic acid into the solution A, adding 300g of glucose into the solution B, taking 150ml of polypeptide solution, mixing the three, fixing the volume to 1000ml, and adjusting the pH value to 6. Obtaining the multi-humic acid-polypeptide selenium-rich water-soluble fertilizer. When in use, the product is diluted by 30 times and sprayed.
Examples 2,
The application effect of the special foliar fertilizer for green radish on green radish is tested, and the test varieties are green radish, Weixian county radish and Shawo radish. Test 1 is a farmer's conventional management field (topdressing) as a control; experiment 2 is the conventional management with the addition of the foliar fertilizer special for green radish prepared in example 1. 30L/mu of leaf fertilizer (diluent) special for green radish is sprayed on leaf surfaces and overground roots of the green radish in the middle and later periods of green radish expansion, and is sprayed once every 10 days for 4-6 times.
The topdressing used in test 1 was:
after seedling setting, 10 kg-15 kg of urea is applied to each mu in combination with watering, and 10 kg-15 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is applied to fleshy root in the full-expansion period;
the top dressing and the leaf fertilizer used in experiment 2 were:
after seedling setting, 10 kg-15 kg of urea is applied to each mu in combination with watering, and 10 kg-15 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is applied to the fleshy root in the full-expansion period;
the leaf fertilizer comprises the following components: the content of humic acid is: 6 g/L; polypeptide liquid: 150 ml/L; the content of glucose is: 300 g/L; 3.75g/L of ferrous sulfate; boric acid 0.087 g/L; copper sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.75g/L of ammonium molybdate; magnesium sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.15g/L of sodium selenite; manganese chloride 0.054g/L
The main test results are shown in the table.
TABLE 1 Effect of foliar application on the phenotypic traits of different radish
TABLE 2 influence of foliar fertilizer application on the quality of different radishes
After cultivation and management for 70 days, the radishes are harvested. Measuring chlorophyll content in radix Raphani xylem of control group and experimental group by acetone method, measuring soluble sugar content of radix Raphani by anthrone colorimetric method, and measuring Vc content by 2, 6-dichloroindophenol solution titration method. The content of L-sulforaphane is determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and the content of amino acid is determined by GB/T5009.124-2003. The plant height, root length and heel thickness are measured by a ruler, and the root weight is measured by an electronic scale. As can be seen from the table, in the investigated traits, the spraying of the special foliar fertilizer has effective effect on 3 radishes except for plant height and moisture content, and the difference from the control is very obvious. The fertilizer disclosed by the invention can assist in improving the contents of sugar and chlorophyll in the green radish and reducing the content of isothiocyanate, so that the sensory quality and the taste are improved, and the efficient cultivation of the green radish is assisted.
Claims (8)
1. The application of the foliar fertilizer in improving the sweetness and the flesh color of the green radish,
the foliar fertilizer consists of organic components and inorganic components, wherein the organic components comprise: humic acid, polypeptide liquid and glucose, and the inorganic components comprise: ferrous sulfate, boric acid, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, magnesium sulfate, sodium selenite and manganese chloride;
the contents of all components are as follows in sequence: humic acid is 1.5-9 g/L; the polypeptide liquid is 100-200 ml/L; glucose 200-400 g/L; 3.75g/L of ferrous sulfate; boric acid 0.087 g/L; copper sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.75g/L of ammonium molybdate; magnesium sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.15g/L of sodium selenite; manganese chloride 0.054 g/L.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: humic acid in the foliar fertilizer is 1.5-6 g/L; 150ml/L of polypeptide liquid; glucose 200-300 g/L; 3.75g/L of ferrous sulfate; boric acid 0.087 g/L; copper sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.75g/L of ammonium molybdate; magnesium sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.15g/L of sodium selenite; manganese chloride 0.054 g/L.
3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: 6g/L of humic acid in the foliar fertilizer; 150ml/L of polypeptide liquid; 300g/L of glucose; 3.75g/L of ferrous sulfate; boric acid 0.087 g/L; copper sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.75g/L of ammonium molybdate; magnesium sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.15g/L of sodium selenite; manganese chloride 0.054 g/L.
4. A method for improving sweetness and flesh color of green radish comprises the following steps: applying the leaf fertilizer to radish plants;
the foliar fertilizer consists of organic components and inorganic components, wherein the organic components comprise: humic acid, polypeptide liquid and glucose, and the inorganic components comprise: ferrous sulfate, boric acid, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, magnesium sulfate, sodium selenite and manganese chloride;
the contents of all components are as follows in sequence: humic acid is 1.5-9 g/L; the polypeptide liquid is 100-200 ml/L; glucose 200-400 g/L; 3.75g/L of ferrous sulfate; boric acid 0.087 g/L; copper sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.75g/L of ammonium molybdate; magnesium sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.15g/L of sodium selenite; manganese chloride 0.054 g/L.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: humic acid in the foliar fertilizer is 1.5-6 g/L; 150ml/L of polypeptide liquid; glucose 200-300 g/L; 3.75g/L of ferrous sulfate; boric acid 0.087 g/L; copper sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.75g/L of ammonium molybdate; magnesium sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.15g/L of sodium selenite; manganese chloride 0.054 g/L.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein: 6g/L of humic acid in the foliar fertilizer; 150ml/L of polypeptide liquid; 300g/L of glucose; 3.75g/L of ferrous sulfate; boric acid 0.087 g/L; copper sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.75g/L of ammonium molybdate; magnesium sulfate 0.75 g/L; 0.15g/L of sodium selenite; manganese chloride 0.054 g/L.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein: the radish plant refers to the leaf part.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein: the fertilization period is as follows: and (3) spraying the foliar fertilizer for 1 time every 5-8 days in the fleshy root expansion full-season of the green radish, and stopping spraying 10 days before harvesting.
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