CN106336278A - Fertilizer suitable for Loess Plateau full-fruit-period early-bearing walnut trees and fertilizer application method thereof - Google Patents
Fertilizer suitable for Loess Plateau full-fruit-period early-bearing walnut trees and fertilizer application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106336278A CN106336278A CN201610668250.1A CN201610668250A CN106336278A CN 106336278 A CN106336278 A CN 106336278A CN 201610668250 A CN201610668250 A CN 201610668250A CN 106336278 A CN106336278 A CN 106336278A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizer suitable for Loess Plateau area full-fruit-period early-bearing walnut trees; the fertilizer includes an inorganic fertilizer, an organic fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer, wherein the inorganic fertilizer contains the components of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) with the mass ratio of (2-3):(0.5-1):(2-3):(0.03-0.06):(0.03-0.06); the organic fertilizer contains cured animal manure; the foliar fertilizer contains 5-aminolevulinic acid. The invention discloses a fertilizer application method comprising the steps: applying the inorganic fertilizer for 3 times; applying the organic fertilizer in a leaf falling period of the walnut trees; and spraying the foliar fertilizer in a period from a flower falling period of the walnut trees to a walnut hardening period of the walnut trees. After the walnut tree fertilizer is applied, the walnut tree fertilizer can promote tree reproductive growth, improves yield, increases the single fruit weight, the kernel generation rate and the crude fat content, and can increase the chlorophyll content of leaves.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer field is and in particular to one kind is applied to Loess Plateau best fruiting period early-fruiting walnut tree fertilizer
And its fertilizing method, it is particularly suited for Loess Plateau 8-25 and give birth to early-fruiting walnut.
Background technology
In the fruit tree planting technique of early-fruiting walnut garden, fertilising be improve walnut yield and quality important by way of one of.Closely
Nian Lai, the special fertilizer product of substantial amounts of walnut comes out, and such as Shaanxi Shanglou walnut research institute and Luonan Qin Feng Chemical Co., Ltd. close
Make " Qin Yang " board walnut fertilizer developed；The Chinese walnut fertilizer of Anhui Sierte Fertilizer Company Limited production, mountain
The limited public affairs of beans fertilizer industry science and technology put forth energy by " fortune and board " walnut fertilizer that Dong Run and fertile industry chemical industry (group) Co., Ltd produce, Shijiazhuang
Walnut chicken manure special fertilizer that department produces etc..But, above-mentioned fertilizer is only single fertilizer or chemical fertilizer, and Fertilizer nutrient is not complete
Face, does not account for tree body absorbing rule, and can not have specific aim specific to loess plateau soil property and weather.
China loess plateau walnut producing region (northern Shensi, Shanxi, Gansu, Inner Mongol) fruit yield is huge, but in walnut fertilising side
Almost blindly apply fertilizer by rule of thumb in face.Ignore walnut tree body own absorption nutrient rule and this area's soil climate condition.And
Diazonium is fertile, light phosphate fertilizer especially potash fertilizer and trace element.So, not only reduce utilization rate of fertilizer, also make tree nutrient not
All, yield is generally low.
Content of the invention
For problems of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide one kind is applied to Loess Plateau containing
Fruiting period early-fruiting walnut tree fertilizer and its fertilizing method, the nutrient formula of this walnut dedicated fertilizer can meet loess plateau early reality core
The growth demand of peach, gives birth to early-fruiting walnut tree especially for 8-25, can promote tree body reproductive growth and nourish and grow after administration,
Improve yield, increase single fruit weight, kernel percent, crude fat content, and leaf chlorophyll content can be increased, reduction surface soil alkalinity,
Increase soil fertility.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention employs the following technical solutions and is achieved.
(1) one kind be applied to Loess Plateau best fruiting period early-fruiting walnut tree fertilizer it is characterised in that include inorganic fertilizer,
Fertilizer and foliage fertilizer；Wherein, described inorganic fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, ferrous components；Described fertilizer comprises to cure animal
Excrement；Described foliage fertilizer comprises 5-ALA.
Described nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, the mass ratio of ferrous components are (2-3): (0.5-1): (2-3): (0.03-0.06):
(0.03-0.06)；Wherein, described nitrogen component equivalent metering in the form of n, described phosphorus composition is with p2o5Form convert into metering, institute
State potassium composition with k2The form of o converts into metering, the equivalent metering in the form of zn of described zinc composition, and described ferrous components are in the form of fe
Equivalent metering.
Described curing animal excreta is curing sheep excrement and curing chicken manure, and the mass ratio of described curing sheep excrement and curing chicken manure is
(2-2.5):(0.5-1).
Described curing sheep excrement is become thoroughly decomposed air-dried gained for sheep excrement, and described curing chicken manure becomes thoroughly decomposed air-dried gained for chicken manure, when becoming thoroughly decomposed
Methylate thiophanate is sterilized.
Described 5-ALA is aqueous solution form, and the mass concentration of the aqueous solution of described 5-ALA is
0.02-0.05%.
Described nitrogen component is selected from least one in base fertilizer urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate.
Described phosphorus composition be selected from base fertilizer ammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, double superhosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ground phosphate rock,
At least one in calcium magnesium phosphate.
Described potassium composition is selected from least one in base fertilizer potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Described zinc composition be selected from Zinc vitriol, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium zinc salt salt, in lignin zinc carbonate extremely
Few one kind.
Described ferrous components are selected from least one in green vitriol, Ferric Sodium Edetate.
(2) preparation method of above-mentioned walnut dedicated fertilizer is it is characterised in that include:
(1) preparation of inorganic fertilizer: weigh each base fertilizer including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, ferrous components respectively, carry out successively
Pulverize, mix, granulating, sieving, being dried, obtaining final product；
(2) preparation of fertilizer: sheep excrement and chicken manure are cured respectively air-dried, and the sheep excrement after air-dried is mixed with chicken manure by curing
Close, obtain final product；
(3) preparation of foliage fertilizer: it is 0.02-0.05% that 5-ALA is diluted with water to mass concentration, obtains final product.
(3) fertilizing method of above-mentioned walnut fertilizer is it is characterised in that include:
(1) administration of inorganic fertilizer:
The total fertilization amount of every walnut be 0.91-1.42kg, described total fertilization amount be inorganic fertilizer in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc,
The gross mass of ferrous components, wherein, the equivalent metering in the form of n of described nitrogen component, described phosphorus composition is with p2o5Form convert into meter
Amount, described potassium composition is with k2The form of o converts into metering, the equivalent metering in the form of zn of described zinc composition, and described ferrous components are with fe
Form convert into metering, in described total fertilization amount, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, the quality of ferrous components are respectively as follows: n 400-600g/, p2o5
100-200g/, k2O 400-600g/, zn 6-12g/, fe 6-12g/；
And apply in three times:
Apply in the walnut leaf fall period for the first time, dose is the 50% of described total fertilization amount；
Apply in walnut female flower florescence for second, dose is the 30% of described total fertilization amount；
Third time applied in the walnut fruit stone phase, and dose is the 20% of described total fertilization amount；
(2) administration of fertilizer: in walnut leaf fall period, every walnut application of organic fertilizers 2.5-5kg；
(3) administration of foliage fertilizer: in the walnut fallen flowers phase to the stone phase, spray foliage fertilizer 4-6 time, spray foliage fertilizer every time
Ensure foliage fertilizer described in the uniform fold of blade face.
The walnut dedicated fertilizer of the present invention comprises inorganic fertilizer, fertilizer, foliage fertilizer, and its maximum feature is to be sufficiently fed
A great number of elements required for early-fruiting walnut and trace element, in conjunction with the administration of inorganic fertilizer, fertilizer and foliage fertilizer, promote tree body battalion
Health length and reproductive growth, improve yield, increase single fruit weight, kernel percent, crude fat content, and can increase leaf chlorophyll and contain
Amount, reduces surface soil alkalinity, increases soil fertility, and in addition also reduces the reduction pollution to soil and environment for the chemical fertilizer.Invention
People is by carrying out comprehensive analysis to Loess Plateau Hetaoyuan soil nutrient status and walnut nutrient uptake feature, and is investigating this
On the premise of the fertilising of regional peasant household, tested by " 3414 ", done numerous studies at aspects such as the sorting of product, formulas, thus
Obtain present invention.
In walnut dedicated fertilizer, nitrogen can promote walnut root system and tree-walk growth, adjust flower amount, overcome walnut big
Off year affects, and is the main component of walnut protein, chlorophyll, kernel；Phosphorus can increase walnut yield, improves walnut quality,
Increase walnut sugar contents, and promote the fat content of walnut, the thickness of walnut shell when the amount of application of phosphorus is excessive, can be increased
Degree；Potassium can promote the activation of enzyme, and then improves photosynthesis, respiration and carbohydrate, fat, the protein of walnut
Synthesis etc.；Zinc can promote heteroauxin and serine synthesis tryptophan, and tryptophan is the predecessor of auxin, and zinc is permissible simultaneously
Promote walnut tree body and the growth of blade；Many plants on the calacareous soil of loess plateau have Potential iron deficiency, and
Easily there are Iron Deficiency Chlorosis.Therefore, apply the reduction that iron fertilizer can promote nitric acid in chlorophyllous synthesis and root of the crop；Fertilizer
Can improve soil physico-chemical property, promote the formation of water-stable granular structure in soil, such that it is able to coordinate soil Zhong Shui, fertilizer,
The contradiction of air and heat, and fertilizing soil effectively, are conducive to high yield and stable yields；5-ALA (ala) is biological internal porphin
The biosynthetic important as precursors of quinoline compound, sprays at low concentrations, can effectively improve walnut yield and leaf chlorophyll contains
Amount.
At present, shown by manure trial in 2 years, the walnut fertilizer of the present invention is compared with peasant household custom fertilizer, permissible
Volume increase walnut 23%.Sizing with this walnut dedicated fertilizer and further genralrlization application, it is for the high-quality and efficient core of development
The aspects such as peach industry, the orchard worker's income that increases, drive producing region local economic development undoubtedly all will play positive impetus.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, but those skilled in the art will
It will be appreciated that the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and it is not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
(1) materials and methods
(1) experimental field overview
The present embodiment is tested in November, 2012 in October, 2014 in Baoji, Shaanxi province city Long County Hebei town (34 ° of north latitude
59.9 ', 106 ° 57.7 ' of east longitude) carry out, elevation 1142m sample ground belongs to warm band semi-moist monsoon climatic region, average temperature of the whole year 10.7
DEG C, 4000 DEG C of >=0 DEG C of annual accumulated temperature, average annual sunshine time 2033.3 hours, average annual precipitation 600.1mm.The total face in orchard
Long-pending 1200 mu, be terraced fields it is impossible to irrigate.Soil types is loessal soil.The Essential Chemistry proterties of soil profile is specifically as table 1 institute
Show.
Table 1 experimental field 0～100cm soil profile Essential Chemistry shape
(2) material to be tested
Material to be tested is 12 years raw early-fruiting walnut " distant core 4 ", the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground in the range of 5.4 ± 0.4cm, strain
Line-spacing 4m × 5m, 495 trees of per hectare.
(3) testing program
Nitrogen component in the inorganic fertilizer of the present invention is selected from least one in base fertilizer urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate；
Phosphorus composition is selected from base fertilizer ammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, double superhosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ground phosphate rock, calcium magnesium phosphate
At least one；Potassium composition is selected from least one in base fertilizer potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate；Zinc becomes
It is selected from described zinc composition is selected from Zinc vitriol, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium zinc salt salt, lignin zinc carbonate extremely
Few one kind；Described ferrous components are selected from least one in green vitriol, Ferric Sodium Edetate.
In the present embodiment, the nitrogen component in inorganic fertilizer selects base fertilizer urea (containing n >=46.6%), and phosphorus composition selects base
Plinth fertilizer calcium superphosphate is (containing p2o512%), potassium composition selects base fertilizer potassium sulfate (containing k2O >=50%), ferrous components select base
Plinth fertilizer green vitriol (containing fe 18.1%), zinc composition selects base fertilizer Zinc vitriol (containing zn
21.8%), wherein, nitrogen component equivalent metering in the form of n, phosphorus composition is with p2o5Form convert into metering, potassium composition is with k2O's
Form converts into metering, the equivalent metering in the form of zn of zinc composition, ferrous components equivalent metering in the form of fe.Will be by above-mentioned each composition
Mass ratio convert ready urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, green vitriol and Zinc vitriol are carried out successively
Pulverize, mix, granulating, sieving, being dried, obtaining final product the inorganic fertilizer in the present embodiment.
Test adopts " 3414 " manure trial scheme, point nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium 4 levels of 3 factors.4 levels are respectively as follows: 0 water
Flat finger does not apply fertilizer, and 2 levels refer to optimum dose, 1 level=2 level × 0.5,3 level=2 level × 1.5 (excessive fertilization), such as
Test fertilizer applications n1p2k2, represent n fertilizer 1 level of applying, apply p2o52 levels, apply k2O fertilizer 2 levels, concrete test fertilizer applications are shown in Table
2.Every kind of fertilizer applications of test are all repeated 3 times, totally 42 cells, random district's groups arrangement.Each cell processes 4 trees, cell
It is provided with protection row, prevent fertilizer due to the transverse shifting of precipitation.Same for control measures such as examination orchard beta pruning, deinsectization, weeding, bud pickings
Local common orchard is consistent.
Inorganic fertilizer in the walnut fertilizer of the present invention and fertilizer can adopt ring-type fertilization method, bar during fertilising
The methods such as trench fertilizer method, radiation fertilization method, hole shape fertilization method, the present embodiment, using hole shape fertilization method, is dripping around tree body
The cylindrical hole of 5 to 6 wide 35cm depth 50cm made a call to by the line surrounding machine of digging a pit, hole, etc., and fertilizer is sprinkled into one layer of wheat straw of covering, is covered with soil.
In each fertilizer applications, the fertilizer in fertilizer applications numbering 1-5 and numbering 7-14 all applies in three times: base manure is in 11
The leaf fall period moon applies, and 50%, the 50% of phosphate fertilizer gross mass, the 50% of potash fertilizer gross mass of nitrogen fertilizer application gross mass；Topdress in female flower
Florescence applies, and 30%, the 30% of phosphate fertilizer gross mass, the 30% of potash fertilizer gross mass of nitrogenous fertilizer gross mass；The fruit stone phase applies nitrogen
The 20% of fertile gross mass, the 20% of phosphate fertilizer gross mass, the 20% of potash fertilizer gross mass.
Table 2 Long County Hebei town early-fruiting walnut tree fertilizer applications and fertilizer cost
Note: m represents fertilizer；L represents foliage fertilizer；Fe represents iron fertilizer；Zn represents zinc fertilizer.n、p2o5、k2O, zn, fe price
For 4.3 yuan/kg, 4.2 yuan/kg, 6.0 yuan/kg, 114.6/kg unit, 2.7 yuan/kg/kg；Fertilizer price is 0.4 yuan/kg, blade face
A fertile annual puts into 500 yuan/hm2.This table does not embody organic fertilizer nutrient, and we have adopted the sheep excrement of 4 milch goat fields in Long County
, average nutrient is n 1%, p2o50.43%th, k2O 0.55%, can be used as reference.
Fertilizer applications numbering 6 is applied to Loess Plateau best fruiting period early-fruiting walnut tree fertilizer, with other for the present invention's
Test fertilizer applications fertilizer is compared inorganic fertilizer and be increased ferrous components, zinc composition, and increased fertilizer and foliage fertilizer.Inorganic fertilizer
In, n, p2o5、k2The mass ratio of o, fe, zn is 2:1:2:0.05:0.05, and in inorganic fertilizer, the total fertilization amount of each composition is each tree
1.02kg, wherein n 400g/, p2o5200g/, k2O 400g/, zn 10g/, fe 10g/.The administration of inorganic fertilizer
Identical with the process of other fertilizer applications, all apply in three times: apply in the walnut leaf fall period for the first time, dose is described applying
The 50% of fertile total amount, applies in walnut female flower florescence for second, dose is the 30% of described total fertilization amount, exists for the third time
The walnut fruit stone phase applies, and dose is the 20% of described total fertilization amount.Fertilizer is curing sheep excrement and curing chicken manure
Mixture, will sheep excrement and chicken manure cure air-dried, and the sheep excrement after curing is air-dried is obtained by mixing with chicken manure, wherein, ripe respectively
Changing sheep excrement and the mass ratio of curing chicken manure is 2:1, applies in the walnut leaf fall period, dose is each tree 2.5kg (water content ＜
5%).Foliage fertilizer is the aqueous solution of 5-ALA, 5-ALA will be diluted with water to mass concentration and be
0.03%, spray 4-6 time to the fruit stone phase in the fallen flowers phase, spray foliage fertilizer every time and ensure blade face described in the uniform fold of blade face
Fertile.
Fertilizer applications numbering 14 is peasant household's habituation fertilizer applications.
(4) measure analysis method
A) determination of yield: each cell walnut all surveys product, three replicated plot yield are averaged, after be converted into every
Hectare yield.
B) mensure of single fruit weight: from 100 detected nut samples, the normal nut of taking-up 20 at random, in sky
Flat upper its gross weight of title, obtains mean value, precision is 0.01 gram.
C) mensure of kernel percent: in walnut sample, 1000 grams of grab sample, break one by one and take benevolence, claim its weight, by formula:
x1=w2/w1× 100 calculate percentage；In formula: x1For kernel percent, unit %；w2For peach kernel weight, unit of gram；w1For sample
Weight, unit of gram.
D) mensure of crude fat content: Soxhlet extraction method, nut crude fat measures presses gb/t 5009.6 2003 (food
The mensure of fat in product "), measured with Shanghai Si Long scientific instrument Co., Ltd szf 06a type Milko-Tester.
E) mensure of protein content: nut protein content presses gb/t 5009.5 2003 (" Protein in Food
Mensure "), using Kjeldahl's method.Sample is through h2so4—h2o2Disappear after boiling, automatically triumphant with abundant Europe, Shanghai board skd 3000
Family name's azotometer device measures.
F) take 1g fresh leaf, use 96% alcohol extract, filter into 50ml volumetric flask, with u-2001 ultraviolet specrophotometer colorimetric.
Then press following equation and calculate chlorophyll a, b content and chlorophyll total amount.
ct=ca+cb
ca=(12.7a663-2.59a645)*v/m
cb=(22.9a645-4.67a663)*v/m
In formula, caFor Chlorophyll-a Content, cbFor content of chlorophyll b, ctFor Chlorophyll content, v is extracting liquid volume, m
For sample weight.
G) statistical analysis adopts excel 2016 processing data, sets up Application techniques model；Entered using spass17.0 software
Row variance analysis, Multiple range test adopts duncan method.
Note: this experiment walnut all using the fruit moving back rascal, is dried to constant weight in 70 DEG C of baking ovens.
(2) result and analysis
(1) different N P and K are to walnut yield, the output value and Economic and Efficiency Analysis
As shown in Table 3, fertilizer application formula (numbering 6) the yield highest of the present invention, is 1.8 times of not fertilizer treatment (numbering 1).
The fertilizer applications that average 2013 and two annual productions in 2014 account for front four are respectively as follows: walnut dedicated fertilizer fertilizer applications of the present invention
(numbering 6) > n2p2k3(numbering 9) > n1p2k2(numbering 13) > n2p2k1(numbering 5), and walnut dedicated fertilizer application of the present invention joins
The obtained yield in side is significantly higher than numbering 1, numbering 2, numbering 3, numbering 4, numbering 5, numbering 7, numbering 8, numbering 12, numbering 14.No
Fertilizer applications are substantially less than fertilizer applications.Nitrogen stress area yield (numbering 2,3,6,11) is less than Que Lin area (numbering 4,5,6,7) and lacks
Potassium scheme (numbering 8,9,6,10), it can be seen that walnut pair is the strongest with nitrogenous fertilizer dependence.Walnut dedicated fertilizer of the present invention
Fertilizer application formula (numbering 6) volume increase 23.3% compared with peasant household's habits fertilization scheme (numbering 14), illustrates in experiment condition of the present invention
Under, " the Liao Dynasty 4 " early-fruiting walnut yield relys more on different Combined Application of NPKs and dose.According to our investigation, close neutralization northern Shensi ground
Area also has 2/3 peasant household not apply fertilizer or only applies disposable fertilizer within several years, and therefore, the composition proportion of the rational application of fertilizer and fertilizer is to significantly improve
The effective way of loess plateau walnut producing region walnut yield.
As can also be seen from Table 3, the economic benefit ratio of walnut dedicated fertilizer fertilizer applications (numbering 6) of the present invention does not apply fertilizer
Scheme (numbering 1) exceeds 80.1%, exceeds 20.8% than peasant household's habituation fertilizer applications (numbering 14).Income first three be respectively
Walnut dedicated fertilizer fertilizer application formula (numbering 6) of the present invention, n1p2k1(numbering 13), n2p2k1(numbering 9), wherein production cost surpass
Cross 2500 yuan of process in addition to walnut fertilizer material formula of the present invention, also n2p3k2(numbering 7), n3p2k2(numbering 11), explanation
Fertilizer is crossed high investment and can not be brought rich profit, and the rational application of fertilizer is only and increases income key.Walnut dedicated fertilizer of the present invention
Formula original intention be exactly to seek economic optimum and eco-friendly cooperative effect.
The each fertilizer applications of table 3 are to walnut yield, the output value, Economic and Efficiency Analysis
Note: 24 yuan/kg of walnut price.
(2) N P and K Fertilization Effect equation model and and maximum output and optimum point of production solution
According to the fertilizer experimental design of " 3414 " field, use two annual productions, can be set up by the testing program of numbering 1～14
Nitrogen with yield as object function, phosphorus, potassium ternary quadratic equation；According to numbering 2～7,11,12, numbering 2～3,6,8～11,
13, the testing program of numbering 4～10,14 can set up nitrogen phosphorus with yield as object function, nitrogen potassium, phosphorus potassium dihydric phenol fertilizer
Effect equation, in the same manner according to numbering 2,3,6,11, numbering 4,5,6,7, numbering 6,8,9,10 can set up nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer unitary
Secondary fertilizer response equation, as shown in table 4.
When marginal product is zero, obtain walnut maximum output and corresponding dose.When marginal benefit is equal to marginal cost,
The marginal return of fertilizer is zero, obtains optimum point of production and corresponding dose.According to the ternary quadratic equation of matching, reach highest
Yield 1952.6kg/hm2Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, dose be 197.3kg/hm2、69.6kg/hm2、164.3kg/hm2, reach optimal
Yield 1951.5kg/hm2Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, dose be respectively 188kg/hm2、60.7kg/hm2、167.7kg/hm2.Still
Ensuing experiment can attempt to take this kind of ratio to study further, but in order to rigorous, patent of the present invention still adopts
We 2 years experiment used by Application Ratio.
The fit equation of table 4 fertilizer effect
Note: in the function asked, do not consider fertilizer, foliage fertilizer and trace element.* represent and show in 5% level
Write, * * represents notable in 1% level
Dihydric phenol fertilizer response equation can be seen using same method, nitrogen phosphorus proportion is 178.9kg/hm2、
75.31kg/hm2When reach maximum output 1904kg/hm2；Proportioning is 166.7kg/hm2、66.4kg/hm2When reach optimum point of production
1902kg/hm2.Spring maize is 137.7kg/hm2And 76.6kg/hm2When yield highest, be worth for 1984.8kg/hm2；Proportioning is
114.5 and 39.5kg/hm2When economic flow rate highest, be worth and be worth for 1902kg/hm for 1978.32.Due to phosphorus, potassium regression equation matching
Not notable, therefore no longer calculate.According to the quadratic equation with one unknown of matching, because the fertilizer efficiency equation f inspection of phosphorus, potassium factor is not notable,
We only demand high yield and the optimum sustainable yield of nitrogenous fertilizer.The dose that plain nitrogen will reach maximum output is respectively 194.5kg/
hm2, the nitrogen dose reaching optimum sustainable yield is respectively 189.8kg/hm2.Maximum output and economic optimum point of production are 1904.5
And 1904.7kg/hm2.
Dose when table 5 maximum output and economic optimum point of production
Note: because the fertilizer response equation f inspection having does not have conspicuousness, therefore do not ask maximum output and optimum point of production fertilising
Amount, is replaced with "/".
(3) impact that each fertilizer applications grow to walnut
Under the conditions of Different Fertilization scheme, walnut ground diameter increment, newborn branch length, newborn branch diameter, chlorophyll contain
Amount significant difference (as table 6).
The impact to walnut ground diameter increment, newborn branch length and diameter and chlorophyll content for the table 6 Different Fertilization scheme
Note: m represents fertilizer；L represents foliage fertilizer.
Ground diameter increment is with scheme n3p2k2(numbering 11) highest, walnut fertilizer (numbering 6) increasing ground path length amount be
0.84cm, inferior to numbering 11 and numbering 7, illustrates that walnut fertilizer scheme of the present invention is not all supplied in nutrient the battalion of tree body
Health is long.Walnut fertilizer (numbering 6) of the present invention makes branch relatively short, and rugosity reaches 1.34cm, is significantly higher than at other fertilisings
Reason, and high fertile area (numbering 11, numbering 7, numbering 10) branch is relatively carefully longer, the excessive uneven fertilising of this explanation causes newly slightly prosperous
Long；Meanwhile, compared with walnut fertilizer (numbering 6) of the present invention and peasant household habituation fertilizer applications (numbering 14), its branch and rugosity
And chlorophyll content all reaches significant difference, ground diameter increment and branch length are also above peasant household's fertilizer applications.
To sum up seen, walnut fertilizer of the present invention both ensure that fruitful branch nutrient supply, increase branch thick, can prevent again
Tree body overgrows, and can promote tree body reasonable distribution nutrient.
Chlorophyll is photosynthetic light-sensitive catalyst, closely related with photosynthesis, and its content and ratio are that plant is fitted
Should be with the important indicator using envirment factor.The chlorophyllous content of Walnut, is significantly subject to mineral nutrient element exogenous defeated
Go out the impact of (fertilising).The chlorophyll content in leaf blades that walnut fertilizer area of the present invention can be seen compared with other fertilizer applications,
There is significant differential effect, the Another reason of this Shi Gaifei area high yield, it is fertile that this is most likely because walnut of the present invention
Fertilizer in material and foliage fertilizer have played decisive role.Also demonstrate 5-ALA (ala) for raising Plant Leaf
Green have positive effect.
(4) impact to Walnut quality for each fertilizer applications
Walnut quality is divided into exterior quality and interior quality, is all used to weigh the important indicator of walnut quality good or not.This
It is exterior quality index that kernel percent and single fruit weight are chosen in experiment, and crude fat content and protein content are interior quality index.No
Notable (as table 7) with indicator difference each under fertilizer applications.
Walnut fertilizer scheme (numbering 6) and scheme n in terms of kernel percent2p1k2(numbering 5) highest, and process with other
There were significant differences.Peasant household's habits fertilization (numbering 14) minimum 53.9%, this illustrates that walnut fertilizer of the present invention can significantly carry
The plumpness of high kernel.Single fruit weight is the principal element of mainly impact market walnut selling price, walnut fertilizer list of the present invention
Fruit is highest in each split plot experiment again, reaches 10.75g.In general walnut fertilizer formula of the present invention is improving walnut core
Heart quality (kernel percent, single fruit weight) is better than other experiment process and peasant household's habits fertilization.
The impact to walnut exterior quality, interior quality for table 7 different fertilization
Note: m represents fertilizer；L represents foliage fertilizer.
Walnut is a kind of dry fruit integrating the big nutritional factors of fat, protein, carbohydrate, cellulose, vitamin etc. five
Group food, fat and protein, are the leading indicators evaluating walnut quality, can be seen by table 7, walnut fertilizer side of the present invention
The crude fat content highest of case, reaches 67.9%, exceedes country's superfine standard (>=65%), and fertilizer applications are not minimum
49.31%, the present invention processes and improves 8.5% than peasant household habits fertilization (processing 14) in terms of crude fat content.Other each realities
Test process to compare, in terms of improving nucleolus protein content, advantage is inconspicuous for the present invention, and content is 18.31%, also reaches country
Superfine standard (>=18%).
The nutrient formula of walnut formula fertilizer special of the present invention can meet the growth needs of walnut, and after administration, walnut growth is strong
Strong, fruitful branch increases thick, and single fruit weight increases, and kernel percent and yield are improved significantly, and can effective improved soil physics and chemistry
Matter, eliminates hardened.
Although, in this specification, the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments,
But on the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, belong to claimed model
Enclose.
Claims (8)
1. one kind is applied to Loess Plateau best fruiting period early-fruiting walnut tree fertilizer it is characterised in that including inorganic fertilizer, fertilizer
And foliage fertilizer；Described inorganic fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, ferrous components；Described fertilizer comprises to cure animal excreta；Described blade face
Spray fertilizer comprises 5-ALA.
2. according to claim 1 it is applied to Loess Plateau best fruiting period early-fruiting walnut tree fertilizer it is characterised in that institute
State nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, ferrous components mass ratio be (2-3): (0.5-1): (2-3): (0.03-0.06): (0.03-0.06)；Its
In, the equivalent metering in the form of n of described nitrogen component, described phosphorus composition is with p2o5Form convert into metering, described potassium composition is with k2o
Form convert into metering, the equivalent metering in the form of zn of described zinc composition, the equivalent metering in the form of fe of described ferrous components.
3. according to claim 1 it is applied to Loess Plateau best fruiting period early-fruiting walnut tree fertilizer it is characterised in that institute
Stating curing animal excreta is curing sheep excrement and curing chicken manure, and the mass ratio of described curing sheep excrement and curing chicken manure is (2-2.5):
(0.5-1).
4. according to claim 3 it is applied to Loess Plateau best fruiting period early-fruiting walnut tree fertilizer it is characterised in that institute
State curing sheep excrement to become thoroughly decomposed for sheep excrement, air-dry gained, described curing chicken manure becomes thoroughly decomposed for chicken manure, air-dried gained, described add first when becoming thoroughly decomposed
Base thiophanate is sterilized.
5. according to claim 1 it is applied to Loess Plateau best fruiting period early-fruiting walnut tree fertilizer it is characterised in that institute
Stating 5-ALA is aqueous solution form, and the mass concentration of the aqueous solution of described 5-ALA is 0.02-
0.05%.
6. according to claim 1 it is applied to Loess Plateau best fruiting period early-fruiting walnut tree fertilizer it is characterised in that institute
State nitrogen component selected from least one in base fertilizer urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate；Described phosphorus composition is selected from base fertilizer
At least one in ammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, double superhosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ground phosphate rock, calcium magnesium phosphate；Described potassium composition
Selected from least one in base fertilizer potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate；Described zinc composition is selected from seven
At least one in zinc sulphate hydrate, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium zinc salt salt, lignin zinc carbonate；Described ferrous components are selected from seven water
At least one in conjunction ferrous sulfate, Ferric Sodium Edetate.
7. the preparation method being applied to Loess Plateau best fruiting period early-fruiting walnut tree fertilizer described in a kind of claim 1, its
It is characterised by, comprising:
(1) preparation of inorganic fertilizer: weigh each base fertilizer including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, ferrous components respectively, carry out powder successively
Broken, mix, granulate, sieving, be dried, obtain final product；
(2) preparation of fertilizer: sheep excrement and chicken manure are cured respectively air-dried, and the sheep excrement after air-dried is mixed with chicken manure by curing,
Obtain final product；
(3) preparation of foliage fertilizer: by 5-ALA dilute with water for mass concentration be 0.02-0.05%, obtain final product.
8. arbitrary described administration being applied to Loess Plateau best fruiting period early-fruiting walnut tree fertilizer in a kind of claim 1-6
Method is it is characterised in that include:
(1) administration of inorganic fertilizer:
The total fertilization amount of every walnut is 0.91-1.42kg, and described total fertilization amount is nitrogen in inorganic fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, iron become
The gross mass divided, wherein, the equivalent metering in the form of n of described nitrogen component, described phosphorus composition is with p2o5Form convert into metering, institute
State potassium composition with k2The form of o converts into metering, the equivalent metering in the form of zn of described zinc composition, and described ferrous components are in the form of fe
Equivalent metering, in described total fertilization amount, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, the quality of ferrous components are respectively as follows: n 400-600g/, p2o5100-
200g/, k2O 400-600g/, zn 6-12g/, fe 6-12g/；
And apply in three times:
Apply in the walnut leaf fall period for the first time, dose is the 50% of described total fertilization amount；
Apply in walnut female flower florescence for second, dose is the 30% of described total fertilization amount；
Third time applied in the walnut fruit stone phase, and dose is the 20% of described total fertilization amount；
(2) administration of fertilizer: in walnut leaf fall period, every walnut application of organic fertilizers 2.5-5kg；
(3) administration of foliage fertilizer: in the walnut fallen flowers phase to the stone phase, spray foliage fertilizer 4-6 time, spray foliage fertilizer every time and ensure
Foliage fertilizer described in the uniform fold of blade face.
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| CN109134093A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-04 | 汪添法 | The chemical fertilizer production process of one kind of multiple waste compositions |
| CN113141838A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-23 | 福建农林大学 | Long-term foliar fertilization method for oil tea fruit growth |
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| CN104987155A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-10-21 | 湖北省林业科学研究院 | Special compound fertilizer for walnut high yield and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107306748A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-03 | 杨俊� | One kind improves the photosynthetic processing method of fruiting period peach |
| CN109134093A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-04 | 汪添法 | The chemical fertilizer production process of one kind of multiple waste compositions |
| CN113141838A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-23 | 福建农林大学 | Long-term foliar fertilization method for oil tea fruit growth |
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