Organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof is lost in a kind of control
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of control and lost organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof, belonged to fertilizer field.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the raising of living standards of the people, the livestock and poultry cultivation industry of China has had tremendous development, wherein follows the very big growth of the turnout of beef, milk and correlated product thereof and consumption and what come is the fast development of cattle-raising.Data shows, 2007 the end of the year whole nation the cattle feeding sum reach 1.06 hundred million, wherein the milk cow amount of livestock on hand reaches 1387.9 ten thousand, more than 9,000 ten thousand of other ox kinds such as beef cattle.At present; ox is cultured forms such as the breed of mass-producing cattle farm and casual household's breed are arranged; wherein the mass-producing cattle farm culture with its take up an area of less, plant factor height, production cost are low, good in economic efficiency, be convenient to employ new technology and help striving for the advantage that government and relevant departments support, development is rapidly.
Mass-producing cattle farm standard quantitatively has different requirements according to the kind of ox, and mass-producing milk cattle cultivating field refers to livestock on hand quantity more than or equal to 100, and mass-producing beef cattle plant points out that the hurdle is more than or equal to 200.Though the mass-producing cowboying has many advantages, too concentrated because of its cowboying quantity, very easily cause serious environmental problem if manage improperly, as topsoil, water pollution and soil pollution etc.According to measuring and calculating, daily output fecaluria in the beef cattle field of 1000 scales is about 20 tons, and the diary farm of 1000 scales daily output fecaluria even about 50 tons.For like this huge organic waste generation, if can't be rationally, handle effectively, certainly will bring serious pollution to the environment around the cattle farm, peripheral resident's life is had a negative impact.Therefore as can be seen, the research that the fertilizer waste in mass-producing cattle farm is effectively utilized is very necessary really.
Current, for the processing mode of cattle farm organic waste and the existing more research of technology, and mainly concentrate on and account for the maximum beefsteak of total amount and let out the object space face, as utilize it to carry out anaerobically fermenting and produce biogas, cultivate edible mushrooms, breeding earthworm and production fertilizer etc.These utilize mode all to show the unusual effect and the advantage of its each comfortable cattle farm reclaiming organic waste, minimizing and innoxious use aspect, have the value of applying within the specific limits.
In addition, with regard to the input situation of fertilizer in China's agriculture production, situation to fertilize is more serious partially.Though chemical fertilizer application for many years provides powerful guarantee for the grain-supply of China, simultaneously also brought the soil salinization, acidifying, harden and quality product under the degradation problem.The chemical fertilizer of China also has the low problem of utilization ratio, and statistics shows China's chemical fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio on average less than 30%, and with respect to the level of developed country average 55%, gap is quite big, and the trend that further widens in addition in recent years.Its reason mainly is that backwards idea, fertilizer industry and the agricultural disconnection of " want high yield just must many fertilisings " causes that product is improper, fertilizer practice backward and can't effectively hinder and control nutrient loss etc.
At present, the problem that the chemical fertilizer application of China mainly faces can be summed up as the following aspects: 1, and chemical fertilizer is used in a large number and but is difficult to satisfy the volume increase target; 2, fertilizer price increases substantially, and stablizes the grain-production difficulty and strengthens; 3, existing fertilizer practice research and application supporting capacity deficiency; 4, organic nutrient resource circulation utilization rate is low, and resource environment pressure is big.Therefore, tackling these problems needs multiple measure to develop simultaneously, and the structure as the whole industry optimization of needs industry product needs the cyclic utilization rate of the own crop nutrition content of engineering department's reinforcement Studies on Fertilization Technology and raising farmland etc.
Along with carrying out in a deep going way of national fertilization compositions based on earth measurement project, find that the arable land more than 2/3rds belongs to the level of middle-and-low-yielding fields, and organic matter lacks relatively generally.Carry out the data that provide according to national fertilization compositions based on earth measurement project, Ying Yousan/two arable land belongs to middle-and-low-yielding fields, tentatively it is organic with half shortage wherein, also there is more than 600,000,000 mu altogether, need the Schwellenwert of 0.5 ton of application of organic fertilizers to calculate with every mu, the annual fertilizer consumption in the whole nation also will be at 300,000,000 tons so.And only 1,503 ten thousand tons altogether of composite fertilizer's consumptions of China in 2007 fold its organic nutrient then still less.With regard to Anhui Province, if have 1/5th to need application of organic fertilizers in 3,400,000 hectares of arable lands of the whole province, and be criterion calculation also with every mu minimum 0.5 ton, the fertilizer consumption of the whole province is also at 5,100,000 tons so, and the whole province's composite fertilizer's consumption in 2007 also has only 123.7 ten thousand tons, can not satisfy the demands far away.
Enterprise aspect with regard to organic fertilizer production, whole nation refined organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer manufacturing enterprise have developed since the beginning of this century rapidly, quantity is equivalent to have a net increase of more than 3 times with more than 1 times respectively from 156 and 294 687 and 615 of being increased to 2006 in 2002.Output has also reached nearly 1,000 ten thousand tons simultaneously, has increased about 2 times.Region distributes and the general characteristics less than normal of scale but organic fertilizer production enterprise has presented: organic fertilizer production corporate boss will be distributed in developed area (as Guangdong and Jiangsu) and fertilizer abundant raw material area (as Shandong and Hebei), and 50% above concentrating is distributed in Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning, Guangdong and Jiang Suwu province; Data presentation, produce per year in China organic fertilizer production enterprise more than 100,000 tons less than 10 families, produce per year ten thousand tons of 5-10 not enough sum 10%, produce per year below ten thousand tons then account for more than half.
Along with many advantages of fertilizer are progressively approved by people, add the support of national policy, some experts estimate, future market fertilizer sales volume will be with annual 5% speed increment, sales value at fertilizer in 2010 will reach 9,000,000,000 yuan, will reach 15,000,000,000 yuan by 2015.
Therefore, fertilizer is produced in the fertilizer utilization or compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is can be held digestion by market fully with regard at present mass-producing cattle farm waste being carried out.And Anhui Province is as a big agricultural province, and the production of carrying out fertilizer or compound organic and inorganic fertilizer in this locality has cost and the regional superiority on the sales applications.
The Zhang Fusuo of China Agricultural University professor proposes according to long term studies, and the current soil organic content is on the low side to have become one of key constraints of China's grain yield raising.Therefore, country has proposed soil organism lifting plan, encourages mass peasants' application of organic fertilizers with the increase soil organic matter content, and then improves farmland quality.
The raw materials for production of fertilizer are mainly derived from the various wastes that produce in agricultural and the livestock breeding industry production process, for the mass-producing cattle farm, topmost can the fertilizer utilization be exactly cow dung.Therefore, cow dung is as a kind of important aquaculture waste, certainly will should bring the production system of fertilizer into, thereby makes contributions for the protection of the development of circular agriculture and environment.
According to above situation; in conjunction with the concrete characteristics in mass-producing cattle farm and the actual demand in the social production; we effectively are combined into fundamental principle with cattle farm changing rejected material to useful resource, innoxious use and organic fertilizer production; in line with service society, serve the spirit that the agriculture-countryside-farmer exploits market and develops enterprise, declare animal dung after a kind of harmless treatment, fertilizer of nutrient, humic acids, activated plant built-in function and preparation method thereof is lost in control
Organic substance after the harmless treatment in the animal dung can decompose fully by action of microorganisms, provides plant-growth needed nutritive substance to soil, keeps the self-cleaning fertility of soil; Available nutrients such as the nitrogen after the harmless treatment in the animal dung, phosphorus, potassium and trace element provide the nutritive substance of plant-growth to soil; Hefei material research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences finds around Chaohu water pollution comprehensive regulation research the time, Chaohu water pollution more than 60% from widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, and serious more than 70% from loss of chemical fertilizer, cause lake water nitrogen phosphorus severe overweight, cause body eutrophication.Studies show that common chemical fertilizer utilization ratio has only about 30%, about 70% run off totally.The Chinese Academy of Sciences, world's initiative, unique " fertilizer nutrient control mistake technology " have successfully been invented through studying for many years, controlled release agent organizes themselves into the micro-nano interpenetrating(polymer)networks after meeting water, " net is caught " also fixes fertilizer nutrient, reduce its seepage, runoff and volatilization in soil, reach the purpose of control fertilizer nutrient loss.Fertilizer nutrient controlled release agent and Industrialization Projects thereof are by provincial appraisal of scientific and technological achievements, and evaluation is thought: fertilizer nutrient controlled release agent and production technology have originality, advance.Fertilizer with controlled release agent production is a kind of high-efficiency environment friendly new-type fertilizer, to promoting agricultural produce and control widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area effect of crucial importance is arranged, simultaneously, and for huge contribution has been made in the update of fertilizer product! (see the scientific payoffs certificate that Anhui Province Science and Technology Department issues; state key product innovation certificate: item number 2010GRC30055; approval authority: national science technical division, national environmental protection portion, national Department of Commerce, State Administration for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine; in May, 2010 approved date), control mistake fertilizer purpose is the synergy environmental protection.By controlling nutrient migration in the innoxious cow dung, can sufficiently ensure on the one hand unnecessary nutrient can be fixed on (surplus fertilizer) in the soil again by the crop growth nutrient demand; Can control the ammonia nitrogen volatilization on the other hand, reduce greenhouse gas emission; Can solve nitrogen phosphorus runoff and cause body eutrophication, significantly reduce widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area; It is different with slow-release or control-release fertilizer, and the slow-release or control-release fertilizer purpose is slowly to discharge chemical fertilizer nutrient, can not sufficiently ensure the crop growth nutrient demand; It is at nutrient migration problem in the organic fertilizer application that fertilizer research is lost in sustained-release fertilizer ≠ slow-release or control-release fertilizer " mistake " ≠ " releasing " control, and principle is for fixedly nutrient, control are run off; The slow-release or control-release fertilizer principle focuses on nutrient release rate, and non-emphasis solves the nutrient loss problem; Control lose fertilizer nutrient supply mode for need with getting, lose fertilizer because of control and execute and meet water in the soil and form huge mutual biography network, " net is caught " lives fertilizer nutrient, point-like is as the nutrient bag, sheet is as nutrient pool, the sufficient supply with the crop growth nutrient demand; The slow-release or control-release fertilizer nutrient release rate need with plant growth to nutrient demand be complementary (not accomplishing at present)
Controlled release agent is to use the ion beam bioengineering technology, and natural mineral matter is carried out modification, with accurate composite the forming of multiple material.Controlled release agent is nontoxic, and the control of producing is lost the fertilizer water conservation and loosened the soil, and improves the soil, environmental friendliness; Control mistake technology has originality, advance at home and abroad; Popular slow-release or control-release fertilizer in the market, mainly be to utilize technology such as urease inhibitor, polypeptide agent, urea formaldehyde, coating, but use chemical feedstocks mostly, all kinds of slow-release or control-release fertilizers of producing, some material is difficult for degraded, and long-term application easily causes soil compaction, forms secondary pollution; And external introduction of above technology system.(slow controlled-release technology is external twenty or thirty age in last century invention, domestic introduction in recent years).Controlled release agent is not seen as yet and is applied to patent category of the present invention;
Humic acids is again a kind of organic colloid, can promote the formation of coacervate in soil, helps to improve Soil structure, regulates the soil water, fertilizer, gas, thermal conditions; Humic acids can promote the soil microorganisms activity, makes cellulase in the soil, Phosphoric acid esterase, protease activity improve 6%-42%, and visible humic acids is being improved the soil, improved the soil organisms fertility, improving in the soil plant recovery of nutrient such as phosphorus potassium and have vital role; Add the sodium nitrophenolate of activation inside plants function, this sodium nitrophenolate can enter in the plant materials fast: promote flowing of cellular plasm; Promote the vigor of cellular enzymes; Promote growth and development of plants; Promote nutrition absorption and running; Improve pesticide control effect and disease resistance.Active element compound (mixed) nitre phenol sodium is nontoxic, harmless magical material.
After harmless treatment, add materials such as nutrient controlled release agent, the sodium nitrophenolate that activates the inside plants function, humic acids in the animal dung and just can accomplish to improve plant recovery of nutrient, saving of labor, low applying fertilizers scientifically of dropping into, improve the soil.
Summary of the invention
It is that fertilizer and preparation method thereof is lost in main raw material, the sodium nitrophenolate that adds nutrient controlled release agent, humic acids, activation inside plants function, agglutinating attapulgite, bentonite in powder or the control of zeolite powder weighting agent safety that the object of the invention provides with animal dung after the harmless treatment.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Organic fertilizer is lost in a kind of control, it is characterized in that its constitutive material weight part is:
Innoxious animal dung: 10-45, wherein, H
2O≤35%, butt organic matter 〉=20%
Humic acids: 35-50, wherein, H
2O≤35%, butt organic matter 〉=60%
Attapulgite, bentonite in powder or zeolite powder or its mixture: 20-60;
Described control is lost in the organic fertilizer and is also contained sodium nitrophenolate: 0.0025%-0.0035%, controlled release agent: 1%-3%.
The preparation method of organic fertilizer is lost in described control, it is characterized in that: after the fine powder that animal dung after the harmless treatment is crushed and screened and other raw material measure respectively, get product H by mixing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, screening, returning charge, finished product packing operation
2O≤20%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Fertilizer of the present invention helps to improve Soil structure, regulate the soil water, fertilizer, gas, thermal conditions, reach control fertilizer nutrient loss, improve the soil organisms fertility, improve in the soil plant recovery of nutrient such as phosphorus potassium and have vital role, promote cellular plasm the vigor that flows, promotes cellular enzymes, promote growth and development of plants, promote nutrition absorption and running, raising pesticide control effect and disease resistance.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Take by weighing raw material (weight part):
Innoxious animal dung: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=20%) 10
Humic acids: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=60%) 48
Attapulgite: (H
2O≤8%) 38
With the innoxious animal dung of powder raw material: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=20%); Humic acids (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=60%); Attapulgite: (H
2O≤8%); Sodium nitrophenolate; Controlled release agent after metering, by mixing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, screening, returning charge, the packaging process (H that gets product
2O≤6%).Contain sodium nitrophenolate in the finished product: 0.0025%, controlled release agent: 1.2%.
Embodiment 2
Take by weighing raw material (weight part):
Innoxious animal dung: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=20%) 15
Humic acids: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=60%) 46
Attapulgite: (H
2O≤8%) 36
With the innoxious animal dung of powder raw material: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=20%); Humic acids (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=60%); Attapulgite: (H
2O≤8%); Sodium nitrophenolate; Controlled release agent after metering, by mixing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, screening, returning charge, the packaging process (H that gets product
2O≤6%).Contain sodium nitrophenolate in the finished product: 0.0026%, controlled release agent: 1.6%.
Embodiment 3
Take by weighing raw material (weight part):
Innoxious animal dung: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=20%) 20
Humic acids: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=60%) 44
Attapulgite: (H
2O≤8%) 32
With the innoxious animal dung of powder raw material: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=20%); Humic acids (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=60%); Attapulgite: (H
2O≤8%); Sodium nitrophenolate; Controlled release agent after metering, by mixing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, screening, returning charge, the packaging process (H that gets product
2O≤6%).Contain sodium nitrophenolate in the finished product: 0.0028%, controlled release agent: 1.8%.
Embodiment 4
Take by weighing raw material (weight part):
Innoxious animal dung: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=20%) 25
Humic acids: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=60%) 42
Attapulgite: (H
2O≤8%) 30
With the innoxious animal dung of powder raw material: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=20%); Humic acids (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=60%); Attapulgite: (H
2O≤8%); Sodium nitrophenolate; Controlled release agent after metering, by mixing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, screening, returning charge, the packaging process (H that gets product
2O≤6%).Wherein contain sodium nitrophenolate: 0.003%, controlled release agent: 2%.
Embodiment 5
Take by weighing raw material (weight part):
Innoxious animal dung: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=20%) 30
Humic acids: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=60%) 40
Attapulgite: (H
2O≤8%) 26
With the innoxious animal dung of powder raw material: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=20%); Humic acids (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=60%); Attapulgite: (H
2O≤8%); Sodium nitrophenolate; Controlled release agent after metering, by mixing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, screening, returning charge, the packaging process (H that gets product
2O≤6%).Finished product contains sodium nitrophenolate: 0.0032%, and controlled release agent: 2.2%.
Embodiment 6
Take by weighing raw material (weight part):
Innoxious animal dung: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=20%) 35
Humic acids: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=60%) 39
Attapulgite: (H
2O≤8%) 26
With the innoxious animal dung of powder raw material: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=20%); Humic acids (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=60%); Attapulgite: (H
2O≤8%); Sodium nitrophenolate; Controlled release agent after metering, by mixing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, screening, returning charge, the packaging process (H that gets product
2O≤6%).Wherein contain sodium nitrophenolate: 0.0028%, controlled release agent: 2.6%.
Embodiment 7
Take by weighing raw material (weight part):
Innoxious animal dung: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=20%) 40
Humic acids: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=60%) 37
Attapulgite: (H
2O≤8%) 22
With the innoxious animal dung of powder raw material: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=20%); Humic acids (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=60%); Attapulgite: (H
2O≤8%); Sodium nitrophenolate; Controlled release agent after metering, by mixing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, screening, returning charge, the packaging process (H that gets product
2O≤6%).Contain sodium nitrophenolate in the finished product: 0.003%, controlled release agent: 2.8%.
Embodiment 8
Take by weighing raw material (weight part):
Innoxious animal dung: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=20%) 45
Humic acids: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=60%) 35
Attapulgite: (H
2O≤8%) 20
With the innoxious animal dung of powder raw material: (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=20%); Humic acids (H
2O≤35%, organic (butt) 〉=60%); Attapulgite: (H
2O≤8%); Sodium nitrophenolate; Controlled release agent after metering, by mixing, granulation, oven dry, cooling, screening, returning charge, the packaging process (H that gets product
2O≤6%).Contain sodium nitrophenolate in the finished product: 0.0028%, controlled release agent: 3%.
Use the effect comparison of field crop:
1, simultaneous test between the fertilizer watermelon field is lost in hundred million Ns of controls:
Test is finished jointly by Lu'an City soil and fertilizer station, Huoqiu County soil and fertilizer station.
Effect is remarkable.Processing three (fertilizers are lost in control) is compared with processing one (blank) with processing two (habits fertilizations) and is increased production 99.90% and 70.91% respectively, and fertilizer increases production 16.96% than habits fertilization.
Table one experimental plot output (kg/20m
2)
Table two variance analysis: (x-is not remarkable, *-significantly, * *-extremely remarkable)
Source of variation |
Degree of freedom |
Sum of squares |
All square |
The F value |
F
0.05 |
F
0.01 |
Between processing |
2 |
1564.723 |
782.361 |
117.475** |
6.944 |
18.000 |
Between repetition |
2 |
21.460 |
10.730 |
1.611X |
6.944 |
18.000 |
Error |
4 |
26.639 |
6.660 |
|
|
|
Total variation |
8 |
1612.822 |
|
|
|
|
Table three multiple comparisons (LSD method):
Table four different treatment quality of watermelon examination table
Economic and Efficiency Analysis:
By 1.92 yuan/kg of current price urea, 1.10 yuan/kg of fertilizer is lost in control, 1.40 yuan/kg of cake fertilizer, 0.60 yuan/kg of watermelon meter.Habits fertilization is than 445.80 yuan/667m of blank increment
2, 188.20 yuan/667m of net gain
2, produce and throw than 1.73; Application of organic fertilizers is than 628.08 yuan/667m of blank increment
2, 418.48 yuan/667m of net gain
2, produce and throw than 3.00; The marginal contribution that this control mistake fertilizer is described is greater than habits fertilization.
Table six watermelon different treatment Economic and Efficiency Analysis table
Annotate: produce to throw and drop into than (all with processing one ratio)=mu volume increase value/mu
2, the manure trial of fertilizer booth green pepper is lost in hundred million Ns of controls:
Test is finished jointly by Lu'an City soil and fertilizer station, Jinzhai County soil and fertilizer station.
The influence of fertilizer to booth green pepper economic characters lost in hundred million Ns of controls of table one
The influence of fertilizer to booth green pepper output lost in hundred million Ns of controls of table two
The influence of fertilizer to booth green pepper economic benefit lost in hundred million Ns of controls of table three
The table four different treatment sub-district green pepper situation recorder of by stages gathering
The table five different treatment sub-district green pepper sales situation recorder of by stages gathering
From test as can be seen: use hundred million Ns of controls at the booth green pepper and lose fertilizer, mu consumption 160kg/ mu, can improve the plant height and the degree of development of green pepper, increase individual plant fruit number and single fruit weight, strengthen the anti-adversity of booth green pepper, thereby improve the output of green pepper, increase production 536.5kg/ mu compared with the control, increase income 1836.56 yuan/mu.