CN101353278A - Nutrient field planting compound fertilizer and preparation thereof - Google Patents

Nutrient field planting compound fertilizer and preparation thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101353278A
CN101353278A CNA2007100257010A CN200710025701A CN101353278A CN 101353278 A CN101353278 A CN 101353278A CN A2007100257010 A CNA2007100257010 A CN A2007100257010A CN 200710025701 A CN200710025701 A CN 200710025701A CN 101353278 A CN101353278 A CN 101353278A
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fertilizer
attapulgite
polyacrylamide
mixture
urea
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CNA2007100257010A
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蔡冬清
乔菊
卞波
余增亮
吴跃进
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Institute of Plasma Physics of CAS
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Institute of Plasma Physics of CAS
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Priority to CNA2007100257010A priority Critical patent/CN101353278A/en
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Abstract

The invention discloses a complex fertilizer for planting nutrients and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method is characterized in that fertilizer, attapulgite, polyacrylamide and poly aluminum ferric chloride are mixed according to a certain proportion and made into granulated fertilizer, wherein, the fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, or the mixture thereof. In the invention, molecular net material and raw materials of the complex fertilizer are adopted to carry out compounding and granulation, and nitrogen, phosphor and potassium nutrients are planted in soil, which can reduce nitrogen loss by 20-60%, reduce ammonia nitrogen volatilization by 40%-80%, reduce phosphorus loss by 30%-75% and reduce potassium fertilizer loss by 25-70%, thus improving the utilization ratio of the complex fertilizer and reducing the pollution of the nitrogen and the phosphor to water body and atmosphere.

Description

Compound manure of nutrient field planting and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural, environmental area, relate to compound manure of a kind of field planting npk nutrient and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
2002, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) delivered " global environment prospect " report, and big G﹠W pollution deterioration is classified as first of the eight overall situation problems.The most important inducement of topsoil is carbonic acid gas and oxynitride isothermal chamber gaseous emission.It mainly is that nitrogen, phosphorus etc. enter water body and cause body eutrophication that water pollutes.Studies show that because a large amount of uses and the improper use of chemical fertilizer, China has 2,990,000 tons of nitrogen to enter atmosphere every year, 123.5 ten thousand tons flow to rivers and lakes by the surface water river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi, and 49.4 ten thousand tons enter underground water.American National Bureau for Environmental Protection environmental research laboratory Omemik studies show that, in Soil Nitrogen amount and the phosphorus amount based on area loss with soil erosion of agricultural, is respectively 7 times and 10 times of forest cover district.The nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element that China takes away with soil erosion every year are equivalent to the chemical fertilizer in 1 year in the whole nation approximately and use total amount.The flow through every year full nitrogen in the Sanmenxia Gorge, full phosphorus of the Huanghe valley is 416209 tons.As seen, a large amount of losses of chemical fertilizer have formed the solid of " from underground to aerial " and have polluted, and the harm that causes is startling:
1, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio descends: the loss and the volatilization of chemical fertilizer nutrient have reduced chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, and the decline of chemical fertilizer utilization ratio has artificially increased the amount of application of chemical fertilizer.A large amount of chemical fertilizer applications and improper use destroy soil compaction, agricultural ecological, form vicious cycle;
2, body eutrophication: nutritive elements such as the nitrogen in a large amount of chemical fertilizer, phosphorus enter surface water and underground water with soil erosion, constitute the water body pollution of area source;
3, greenhouse gas emission: the greenhouse gas emission based on carbonic acid gas and oxynitride is the major cause that causes Global warming, and ammonia nitrogen decomposes and volatilization is the main source of oxynitride in the chemical fertilizer.
Therefore, development chemical fertilizer nutritive element field planting technology reduces the loss and the volatilization of chemical fertilizer nutrient nitrogen phosphorus potassium, is the developing direction of following advanced chemical fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide compound manure of a kind of nutrient field planting and preparation method thereof, phosphorus or potassium in fertile phosphate fertilizer in field planting unit and the potash fertilizer, the nitrogen phosphorus in the binary compound fertilizer, nitrogen potassium, phosphorus potassium, the nitrogen phosphorus potassium in the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium etc.Utilize natural 1-dimention nano mineral material attapulgite, through calcining and grinding, composite with organic floculant polyacrylamide and inorganic flocculating agent aluminium iron polychloride, with component units fertilizer, binary and the granulation of ternary material mixing, make field planting unit fertilizer or composite fertilizer by a certain percentage.The nutritive element field planting fertilizer that makes is like this used the back and is met water, at once with nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen, urea etc.) and phosphorus element (phosphate radical etc.) and potassium element ' field planting ' in soil, stop nitrogen, phosphorus element and potassium element scattering and disappearing by leaching, runoff and the three kinds of approach that volatilize.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
The compound manure of nutrient field planting, it is characterized in that it being that fertilizer is mixed by a certain percentage with attapulgite, polyacrylamide, aluminium iron polychloride, the particle fertilizer of making, described fertilizer are meant nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer or its mixture, and the weight proportion of its various components is:
(1), described fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, calcium superphosphate: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is 1000: (100-150): (1-2): (1-5);
(2), described fertilizer is Repone K, Repone K: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is 1000: (100-200): (1-4): (3-7);
(3), described fertilizer is the mixture of urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, the mixture of urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is 1000: (100-250): (1-4): (2-9);
(4), described fertilizer is the mixture of urea, ammonium chloride, Repone K, the mixture of urea, ammonium chloride, Repone K: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is 1000: (100-300): (2-5): (2-7);
(5), described fertilizer is the mixture of potassium primary phosphate, Repone K, the mixture of potassium primary phosphate, Repone K: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is 1000: (100-200): (1-3): (2-5);
(6), described fertilizer is the mixture of urea, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, light ammonium carbonate, Repone K, the mixture of urea, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, light ammonium carbonate, Repone K: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is 1000: (100-300): (1-5): (2-10).
Described attapulgite substitutes with other natural nanos and porous material, and described polyacrylamide, aluminium iron polychloride substitute with other flocculation materials.
The preparation method of the compound manure of described nutrient field planting is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1), the attapulgite raw ore is through weathering, pulverizing, adds 2%-4% magnesium oxide, soaks 24 hours in water, rolls in flakes, grinds to form 200-400 order powder after the oven dry;
(2), various components are mixed carry out the cylinder granulation, add the water mode and be the water spray steam, amount of water is controlled at below 3%; If any component is urea, and then urea is to add compound to through spouting plant;
(3), oven dry, the bake out temperature inlet temperature is controlled between 160 degree spend with 170;
(4), discharging, packing.
The present invention utilizes the character of nano pore structure, high-specific surface area and the high ion exchange volume of attapulgite, nitrogen, phosphorus element and the potassium element mode by chemistry and physical adsorption is stored on nano pore inside and the outside surface, strong coagulation when utilizing polyacrylamide and aluminium iron polychloride to meet water then, make attapulgite and soil coagulation on every side thereof, formation is the reticulated structure of skeleton with the attapulgite, stops the attapulgite of nanoscale to be taken away from the soil pores by current.This reticulated structure can also increase the adsorption rate of attapulgite to nitrogen, phosphorus element and potassium element, thereby reaches the purpose of chemical fertilizer nutrient field planting in soil.
The used active mineral soil of the present invention is attapulgite, it is a kind of silicate minerals that contains Shuifu County's magnalium with layer chain-like structure, mineral such as normal and polynite, quartz, rhombspar mix symbiosis, the attapulgite with industrial value of China's discovery at present mainly is positioned at the triangle zone that Soviet Union Anhui has a common boundary, Xuyi, the six directions as Jiangsu, ground such as the Mingguang City in Anhui, Quanjiang are a kind of very important non-metallic mineral resources in China. the molecular formula of its main component is Mg 5(H 2O) 4(Si 4O 10) 2(OH) 2
The fundamental structural unit of attapulgite is that two-layer silicon-oxy tetrahedron and one deck magnesium (aluminium) oxygen octahedra constitute, wherein contain crystal water and the hydroxyl that is in inside configuration, each fundamental structural unit interconnects by four jiaos public Sauerstoffatom, constitute the duct parallel with chain, the sectional area in duct is about 0.37nm * 0.60nm, transition type feature with layer chain-like structure has higher shape ratio.The microstructure of attapulgite is made of three levels, and the one, its basic structural unit-rod is brilliant.The rod crystalline substance is needle-like, is about 1 μ m~2 μ m, and diameter is 0.01 μ m, belongs to monodimension nanometer material.The 2nd, assemble the brilliant bundle of the rod that forms by the brilliant close parallel of rod.The 3rd, assemble the various aggregates that form mutually by brilliant interfascicular.
The attapulgite source is wide, cheap, and have good physico-chemical property: it has nano pore structure, high-specific surface area and large charge exchange Huarong and measures character, thereby strong adsorptivity is arranged, can be adsorbed on nano pore in by physics and chemical action nitrogen, phosphorus element and potassium element or on the outside surface.Then in wetland, through the polyacrylamide net catch, roll up sweep, the effect of charge neutralization, form huge molecular network and catch, therefore, the Attapulgite crystalline substance that has adsorbed nitrogen, phosphorus element and potassium element also just is not easy to lose with current, thereby reaches the purpose of composite fertilizer's nutrient field planting.
In addition, attapulgite is taken from soil, and use can't cause secondary pollution, or destroys the microstructure of soil.
Attapulgite is divided into adsorptivity and high-adhesive by character, and what select for use among the present invention is high-adhesive.High sticking raw ore forms through deep processing, and its idiographic flow is: raw ore is pulverized through weathering, add 2%-4% magnesium oxide then, with the water of quality such as ore deposit in soaked 24 hours, roll in flakes through tabletting machine again, oven dry about 200 degree then, final powder is broken into 200-400 order powder.
The attapulgite that this method is made has high viscosity, adds in the chemical fertilizer, can obviously strengthen the viscosity of chemical fertilizer, thereby chemical fertilizer is sticked in the soil firmly, is not easy to run off with rainwater.
2, the used polyacrylamide of the present invention is a kind of linear water-soluble polymers, is one of most widely used kind in the water-soluble polymers.It is formed by monomer polymerizations such as acrylamides, and its molecular chain is very long, and this just makes it build bridge between particle, they are pulled in together and form flco.In addition, have a large amount of side group-amide group on its molecular backbone.The activity of amide group is very big, can produce the derivative of many polyacrylamides with multiple compound reaction.Like this, polyacrylamide not only has a series of derivatives, and has the performance of multiple preciousness, as: flocculation, tackify (thick), surfactivity etc.Because its production technique comparative maturity, price be lower, itself do not have toxicity, so be widely used as flocculation agent at present.
3, aluminium iron polychloride.Discover that aluminium iron polychloride and polyacrylamide are composite according to a certain percentage to be better than singly using polyacrylamide to the attapulgite flocculating effect, can reduce the consumption of polyacrylamide greatly.Because the price of aluminium iron polychloride is far below polyacrylamide, thereby greatly reduce cost.
Beneficial effect:
1, the present invention can reduce the nitrogen leaching loss and reaches 20%-60%, reduces the ammonia nitrogen volatilization and reaches 40%-80%; Reduce plain loss of phosphorus and reach 30%-75%, reduce the potash fertilizer loss and reach 25%-70%.Improve composite fertilizer's utilization ratio, reduce nitrogen, phosphorus element water body and atmospheric pollution.
2. cost is low.The compound manure of making, every bag of price is not higher than conventional of the same type compound fat.Easily accepted by the peasant, big area is promoted, thereby has much using value and market potential.
3, add the whole environmental friendliness of material, life-time service has improving effect to soil.
Embodiment
According to Soil structure or crop demand to nutrition, with chemical fertilizers production basic raw materials such as urea, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, light ammonium carbonate, Repone K mixing by a certain percentage, field planting agent mixing granulation with attapulgite, polyacrylamide, three kinds of materials formations of aluminium iron polychloride, particle diameter is controlled at 1-6mm, can be made into phosphorus, potassium unit fertilizer also can be made nitrogen, phosphorus binary compound fertilizer, also can make nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium.It is 5-15% that the field planting agent accounts for the chemical fertilizer raw material ratio.Concrete scheme is as follows:
(1), the phosphate fertilizer prescription of field planting phosphorus element: calcium superphosphate: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is by 1000: (100-150): (1-2): proportioning mixing granulation (1-5), particle diameter is controlled at 2-5mm.The field planting agent accounts for the 5-10% of gross weight.
(2), the potash fertilizer prescription of field planting potassium element: Repone K: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is by 1000: (100-200): (1-4): proportioning mixing granulation (3-7), particle diameter is controlled at 1-3mm.The field planting agent accounts for the 5-10% of gross weight.
(3), field planting nitrogen, the plain binary fertilizer formula of phosphorus: the certain proportion mixture of urea, ammonium chloride and ammonium phosphate: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is by 1000: (100-250): (1-4): proportioning mixing granulation (2-9), particle diameter is controlled at 2-6mm.The field planting agent accounts for the 5-9% of gross weight.
(4), field planting nitrogen, the plain binary fertilizer formula of potassium: the certain proportion mixture of urea, ammonium chloride and Repone K: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is by 1000: (100-300): (2-5): proportioning mixing granulation (2-7), particle diameter is controlled at 2-6mm.The field planting agent accounts for the 8-13% of gross weight.
(5), field planting phosphorus element, the plain binary fertilizer formula of potassium: the certain proportion mixture of potassium primary phosphate and Repone K: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is by 1000: (100-200): (1-3): proportioning mixing granulation (2-5), particle diameter is controlled at 2-6mm.The field planting agent accounts for the 8-14% of gross weight.
(6), field planting nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ternary fertilizer formula: raw material mixtures by a certain percentage such as urea, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, light ammonium carbonate, Repone K: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is by 1000: (100-300): (1-5): proportioning mixing granulation (2-10), particle diameter is controlled at 2-6mm.The field planting agent accounts for the 9-15% of gross weight.
Production technique is as follows:
(1), the attapulgite raw ore is through weathering, pulverizing, adds 2%-4% magnesium oxide, soaks 24 hours in waiting quality neutral water, rolls in flakes, it is standby to grind to form 200-400 order powder after oven dry about 200 degree.
(2), various components are mixed carry out the cylinder granulation, add the water mode and be the water spray steam, amount of water is controlled at below 3%; If any component is urea, and then urea is to add compound to through spouting plant;
(3), oven dry, the bake out temperature inlet temperature is controlled between 160 degree spend with 170; (4), discharging, packing.

Claims (3)

1, the compound manure of nutrient field planting, it is characterized in that it being that fertilizer is mixed by a certain percentage with attapulgite, polyacrylamide, aluminium iron polychloride, the particle fertilizer of making, described fertilizer are meant nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer or its mixture, and the weight proportion of its various components is:
(1), described fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, calcium superphosphate: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is 1000: (100-150): (1-2): (1-5);
(2), described fertilizer is Repone K, Repone K: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is 1000: (100-200): (1-4): (3-7);
(3), described fertilizer is the mixture of urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, the mixture of urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is 1000: (100-250): (1-4): (2-9);
(4), described fertilizer is the mixture of urea, ammonium chloride, Repone K, the mixture of urea, ammonium chloride, Repone K: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is 1000: (100-300): (2-5): (2-7);
(5), described fertilizer is the mixture of potassium primary phosphate, Repone K, the mixture of potassium primary phosphate, Repone K: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is 1000: (100-200): (1-3): (2-5);
(6), described fertilizer is the mixture of urea, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, light ammonium carbonate, Repone K, the mixture of urea, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, light ammonium carbonate, Repone K: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: aluminium iron polychloride is 1000: (100-300): (1-5): (2-10).
2, the compound manure of nutrient field planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that described attapulgite substitutes with other natural nanos and porous material, and described polyacrylamide, aluminium iron polychloride substitute with other flocculation materials.
3, the preparation method of the compound manure of nutrient field planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1), the attapulgite raw ore is through weathering, pulverizing, adds 2%-4% magnesium oxide, soaks 24 hours in water, rolls in flakes, grinds to form 200-400 order powder after the oven dry;
(2), various components are mixed carry out the cylinder granulation, add the water mode and be the water spray steam, amount of water is controlled at below 3%; If any component is urea, and then urea is to add compound to through spouting plant;
(3), oven dry, the bake out temperature inlet temperature is controlled between 160 degree spend with 170;
(4), discharging, packing.
CNA2007100257010A 2007-07-28 2007-07-28 Nutrient field planting compound fertilizer and preparation thereof Pending CN101353278A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102070376A (en) * 2011-01-07 2011-05-25 六安亿牛生物科技有限公司 Loss-control organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN102134172A (en) * 2011-01-07 2011-07-27 六安亿牛生物科技有限公司 Loss-control organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN102167646A (en) * 2011-04-29 2011-08-31 安徽省天享肥业有限责任公司 Preparation method of urea melt absorption synchronous compound fertilizer
CN102241547A (en) * 2011-04-29 2011-11-16 安徽省天享肥业有限责任公司 Preparation method of urea melt absorption-release synchronous nitrogen fertilizer
CN103224424A (en) * 2013-04-12 2013-07-31 湖北三得利肥业有限公司 Sustained and controlled release composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN103708916A (en) * 2013-12-09 2014-04-09 广西科技大学 Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN105801228A (en) * 2014-12-27 2016-07-27 锦州硕丰农药集团有限公司 Controlled release medical fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102070376A (en) * 2011-01-07 2011-05-25 六安亿牛生物科技有限公司 Loss-control organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN102134172A (en) * 2011-01-07 2011-07-27 六安亿牛生物科技有限公司 Loss-control organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN102134172B (en) * 2011-01-07 2013-05-01 六安亿牛生物科技有限公司 Loss-control organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN102070376B (en) * 2011-01-07 2013-09-11 六安亿牛生物科技有限公司 Loss-control organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN102167646A (en) * 2011-04-29 2011-08-31 安徽省天享肥业有限责任公司 Preparation method of urea melt absorption synchronous compound fertilizer
CN102241547A (en) * 2011-04-29 2011-11-16 安徽省天享肥业有限责任公司 Preparation method of urea melt absorption-release synchronous nitrogen fertilizer
CN102167646B (en) * 2011-04-29 2013-07-10 安徽省天享肥业有限责任公司 Preparation method of urea melt absorption synchronous compound fertilizer
CN102241547B (en) * 2011-04-29 2014-01-15 安徽省天享肥业有限责任公司 Preparation method of urea melt absorption-release synchronous nitrogen fertilizer
CN103224424A (en) * 2013-04-12 2013-07-31 湖北三得利肥业有限公司 Sustained and controlled release composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN103224424B (en) * 2013-04-12 2014-05-07 湖北三得利肥业有限公司 Sustained and controlled release composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN103708916A (en) * 2013-12-09 2014-04-09 广西科技大学 Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN105801228A (en) * 2014-12-27 2016-07-27 锦州硕丰农药集团有限公司 Controlled release medical fertilizer and preparation method thereof

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