CN101314552B - Low cost environment-friendly type composite sustained-release fertilizer - Google Patents
Low cost environment-friendly type composite sustained-release fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN101314552B CN101314552B CN2007100227496A CN200710022749A CN101314552B CN 101314552 B CN101314552 B CN 101314552B CN 2007100227496 A CN2007100227496 A CN 2007100227496A CN 200710022749 A CN200710022749 A CN 200710022749A CN 101314552 B CN101314552 B CN 101314552B
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 title 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims abstract 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 50
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 25
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].N Chemical group [N].N CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 urea) Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低成本环保型复合控失肥，是将肥料、凹凸棒土、聚丙烯酰胺、聚合氯化铝铁混合造粒，将氮、磷、钾固定在土地壤中，可以减少氮素流失达20％—60％，减少磷素流失达30％—75％，减少钾肥流失达25％—70％。提高复合肥利用率，减少氮素、磷素对水体和大气的污染。The invention discloses a low-cost and environment-friendly compound loss-controlling fertilizer, which mixes fertilizer, attapulgite, polyacrylamide, and polyaluminum ferric chloride to granulate, fixes nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil, and can reduce Nitrogen loss is 20%-60%, phosphorus loss is reduced by 30%-75%, and potash loss is reduced by 25%-70%. Improve the utilization rate of compound fertilizer and reduce the pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus to water and air.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于一种肥料，具体是一种控失复合肥料。 The invention belongs to a fertilizer, in particular to a loss-controlling compound fertilizer. the
背景技术Background technique
2002年，联合国环境规划署发表《全球环境展望》报告，将大气和水污染恶化列为八大环境问题之首。大气污染最重要的诱因是温室气体排放，水污染主要是氮、磷等进入水体致使水体富营养化。一项研究表明，由于化肥的大量使用和使用不当，我国每年有123.5万吨氮通过地表水泾流到江河湖泊，49.4万吨进入地下水，299万吨进入大气。氮经径流、淋洗等途径进入等水体，导致江河湖海富营养化，挥发物以N2O形式进入大气，导致温室气体增加。可见，化肥的大量使用形成了“从地下到空中”的立体污染，造成的损失是触目惊心的。 In 2002, the United Nations Environment Program published the "Global Environment Outlook" report, which listed the deterioration of air and water pollution as the first of the eight major environmental problems. The most important cause of air pollution is greenhouse gas emissions, and water pollution is mainly caused by the entry of nitrogen and phosphorus into water bodies, resulting in eutrophication of water bodies. A study shows that due to the extensive use and improper use of chemical fertilizers, 1.235 million tons of nitrogen flows into rivers and lakes through surface waters, 494,000 tons enters groundwater, and 2.99 million tons enters the atmosphere in my country every year. Nitrogen enters other water bodies through runoff and leaching, leading to eutrophication of rivers, lakes and seas, and volatiles enter the atmosphere in the form of N 2 O, leading to an increase in greenhouse gases. It can be seen that the extensive use of chemical fertilizers has formed three-dimensional pollution "from the ground to the air", and the losses caused are shocking.
水体中的氮来源很多，其中有外源性负荷和内源性负荷。外源性的氮有面源污染和点源污染。面源污染主要来源于农业，约占70％，点源污染主要来源于生活污水和工业废水，内源性负荷有沉积物中氮的释放、水生动植物新陈代谢分解等。 There are many sources of nitrogen in water bodies, including exogenous loads and endogenous loads. Exogenous nitrogen has non-point source pollution and point source pollution. Non-point source pollution mainly comes from agriculture, accounting for about 70%. Point source pollution mainly comes from domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. Endogenous loads include the release of nitrogen in sediments and the metabolic decomposition of aquatic animals and plants. the
全国每年流失土壤约5×109t，带走的氮、磷、钾及微量元素等养分约相当于全国1年的化肥使用总量。黄河流域每年流经三门峡的泥沙量约116×109t，其中含全氮、全磷为416.209kt。上海环境保护研究所的研究显示：90年代部分农田径流氮量为15～45kg/hm2，而80年代初期只有210～415kg/hm2。美国国家环境保护局环境研究实验室Omemik的研究表明，在以农业为主的地区随水土流失而损耗的土壤氮量和磷量，分别是森林覆盖区的7倍和10倍。美国有57％～64％的江河湖泊受到非点源污染。其中主要是农业非点源污染。由于施肥不当我国五大淡水湖之一的巢湖总氮、总磷量严重超标。第二松花江丰水期下游4个断面水体中硝态氮的含量均高于枯水期和平水期，主要是由于沿江两岸水田和旱地施用的氮、磷肥随地表径流向水体迁移所致。氮、磷肥从农田流失到水域中的途径主要是径流和渗漏淋洗。土壤中的氮以及施入土壤的肥料氮，在降雨和灌溉水的作用下，部分直接以化合物形式(如尿素)淋洗到土壤下层，大部分最终以可溶性的硝态氮、亚硝态氮和氨态氮形式淋洗到土壤下层。 The country loses about 5×109 tons of soil every year, and the nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements taken away are about equivalent to the total amount of chemical fertilizers used in a year in the country. The amount of sediment flowing through Sanmenxia in the Yellow River Basin is about 116×109t every year, including 416.209kt of total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The research of Shanghai Environmental Protection Research Institute shows that in the 1990s, the amount of runoff nitrogen in some farmlands was 15-45kg/hm 2 , but in the early 1980s it was only 210-415kg/hm 2 . Research by Omemik, the Environmental Research Laboratory of the US Environmental Protection Agency, shows that the loss of soil nitrogen and phosphorus due to soil erosion in agricultural-dominated areas is 7 times and 10 times that of forested areas, respectively. 57% to 64% of rivers and lakes in the United States are polluted by non-point sources. The main one is agricultural non-point source pollution. Due to improper fertilization, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus of Chaohu Lake, one of the five largest freshwater lakes in my country, seriously exceeded the standard. The content of nitrate nitrogen in the water bodies of the four downstream sections of the Second Songhua River during the wet season was higher than that in the dry season and the flat flood season, mainly due to the transfer of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers applied to the paddy fields and dry land along the banks of the river to the water body with surface runoff. The main ways that nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are lost from farmland to waters are runoff and seepage and leaching. Nitrogen in the soil and fertilizer nitrogen applied to the soil, under the action of rainfall and irrigation water, part of it is directly leached to the lower layer of the soil in the form of compounds (such as urea), and most of it ends up as soluble nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. and ammonia nitrogen form leaching to the subsoil layer.
可见，控制化肥流失，是减少水污染的首要问题。现有的缓释肥或者控释肥因为成本太高，难以被广大农民接受，不利于大规模推广应用，所以研制一种低成本环保型化肥控失技术显得十分必要。 It can be seen that controlling the loss of chemical fertilizers is the primary issue in reducing water pollution. Existing slow-release fertilizers or controlled-release fertilizers are too expensive to be accepted by farmers and are not conducive to large-scale application. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a low-cost and environmentally friendly fertilizer loss control technology. the
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种低成本环保型复合控失肥，利用天然一维纳米矿物材料——凹凸棒土复配有机絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺和无机絮凝剂聚合氯化铝铁，达到将氮素(氨氮、尿素等)和磷素(磷酸根等)固定在土壤中，减少氮素和磷素通过淋溶、径流及挥发三种途径的流失。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-cost environment-friendly composite loss-controlling fertilizer, which utilizes natural one-dimensional nano-mineral material—attapulgite compounded with organic flocculant polyacrylamide and inorganic flocculant polyaluminium-ferric chloride to achieve nitrogen Nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen, urea, etc.) and phosphorus (phosphate, etc.) are fixed in the soil, reducing the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus through three ways: leaching, runoff and volatilization.
本发明的技术方案如下： Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
低成本环保型复合控失肥，其特征在于各组分的重量配比为：肥料：凹凸棒土：聚丙烯酰胺：聚合氯化铝铁＝1000：100—300：1—5：2—10。 The low-cost and environment-friendly compound loss-controlling fertilizer is characterized in that the weight ratio of each component is: fertilizer: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: polyaluminum ferric chloride = 1000: 100-300: 1-5: 2-10 . the
所述的肥料是指氮肥、磷肥、钾肥或者其任意混合物。 The fertilizer refers to nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer or any mixture thereof. the
所述的低成本环保型复合控失肥，其特征在于其粒径控制在2—6mm。 The low-cost and environment-friendly compound loss-controlling fertilizer is characterized in that its particle size is controlled at 2-6mm. the
所述的肥料是尿素、磷酸一铵、磷酸二铵、氯化铵、碳酸轻铵、氯化钾的符合作物生长的混合物。 The fertilizer is a mixture of urea, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, light ammonium carbonate, and potassium chloride in line with crop growth. the
其原理是：一方面利用凹凸棒土的纳米孔道结构、高比面积和高离子交换容量的性质，将氮素和磷素通过化学和物理吸附的方式固定在纳米孔道内部和外表面上，然后利用聚丙烯酰胺和聚合氯化铝铁的强絮凝特点，使凹凸棒土及其周围的土壤絮凝，形成较大的凹凸棒土分子网。这样既可以增大凹凸棒土对氮素和磷素的吸附率又可以阻止凹凸棒土被水流带走，从而达到化肥养分控失的目的。 The principle is: on the one hand, using the nanopore structure, high specific area and high ion exchange capacity of attapulgite, nitrogen and phosphorus are fixed on the inside and outside of the nanopore by chemical and physical adsorption, and then Using the strong flocculation characteristics of polyacrylamide and polyaluminum ferric chloride, the attapulgite and the surrounding soil are flocculated to form a larger molecular network of attapulgite. This can not only increase the adsorption rate of the attapulgite to nitrogen and phosphorus, but also prevent the attapulgite from being carried away by the water flow, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the loss of fertilizer nutrients. the
有益效果： Beneficial effect:
1，本技术可以减少氮素流失达20％—60％，减少磷素流失达30％—75％，减少钾肥流失达25％—70％。提高复合肥利用率，减少氮素、磷素对水体和大气的污染。 1. This technology can reduce the loss of nitrogen by 20%-60%, reduce the loss of phosphorus by 30%-75%, and reduce the loss of potassium fertilizer by 25%-70%. Improve the utilization rate of compound fertilizer and reduce the pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus to water and air. the
2，成本低。制成的控失肥，每袋价格不高于常规同类型复合肥肥。易被农民接受，大面积推广，因而颇具应用价值和市场潜力。2. Low cost. The price of each bag of the loss-controlling fertilizer is not higher than that of conventional compound fertilizers of the same type. It is easily accepted by farmers and popularized in a large area, so it has considerable application value and market potential.
3，所加材料全部环境友好，且具土壤改良作用。 3. The materials added are all environmentally friendly and have soil improvement effects. the
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
1，根据土壤或者作物需要，在生产中将尿素、磷酸一铵、磷酸二铵、氯化铵、碳酸轻铵、氯化钾等原料按一定比例混匀。然后，混好的原料混合物：凹凸棒土：聚丙烯酰胺：聚合氯化铝铁按1000：(100—300)：(1—5)：(2—10)的配比混匀造粒，粒径控制在2—6mm。既可以做成氮、磷二元复合肥，也可做成氮、磷、钾三元复合肥。制成的化肥，按常规化肥施用方法及使用量施用既可。 1. According to the needs of soil or crops, mix urea, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, light ammonium carbonate, potassium chloride and other raw materials in a certain proportion during production. Then, the mixed raw material mixture: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: polyaluminum ferric chloride is mixed and granulated according to the ratio of 1000: (100-300): (1-5): (2-10). The diameter is controlled at 2-6mm. It can be made into nitrogen, phosphorus binary compound fertilizer, or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ternary compound fertilizer. The chemical fertilizer made can be applied according to the conventional chemical fertilizer application method and usage amount. the
2，将凹凸棒土：聚丙烯酰胺：聚合氯化铝铁按1中的配比混匀，然后与复合肥搅拌混匀，作为化肥增效剂使用。2. Mix attapulgite: polyacrylamide: polyaluminum ferric chloride according to the ratio in 1, then mix with compound fertilizer, and use it as a fertilizer synergist.
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| CN102515959B (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-04-24 | 北京瑞泰丰商务有限公司 | Water-soluble polymer synergist used for fertilizers, its preparation method and application |
| CN103224424B (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2014-05-07 | 湖北三得利肥业有限公司 | Sustained and controlled release composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103708915A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-09 | 广西科技大学 | Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103708917A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-09 | 广西科技大学 | Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103724109A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-16 | 广西科技大学 | Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103724110A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-16 | 广西科技大学 | Slow release ammonium carbonate fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103708916A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-09 | 广西科技大学 | Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105801228A (en) * | 2014-12-27 | 2016-07-27 | 锦州硕丰农药集团有限公司 | Controlled release medical fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105409571B (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | 铜仁学院 | The method for improving heavy saline output of cotton and planting benefit |
| CN117658733A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-03-08 | 安徽司尔特化肥科技有限公司 | A kind of special loss control compound fertilizer for corn and its preparation method |
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| CN1850743A (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2006-10-25 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Nitrogen fertilizer solidifying method by active soil, flocculant, adsorbent composite material and fertilizer |
| CN1875673A (en) * | 2006-06-10 | 2006-12-13 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Method for coating seeds by combined use of active soil, adsorbing and flocculating agent and coating agent |
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