CN104151114B - The one special alga fertilizer and preparation method thereof of cultivating peanut - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the special high activity alga fertilizer and preparation method thereof of cultivating peanut, belong to Special Fertilizers for Various Crops production technical field. It is made by following raw material: urea, MAP, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate, borax, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA Chelated Manganese, EDTA chelated zinc, ammonium heptamolybdate, seaweed extracted liquor, marine alga slag. Compared with prior art, the special high activity alga fertilizer of peanut of the present invention reasonable mixture ratio, comprehensive nutrition, can realize the effect that increases peanut yield, promotes peanut quality.

Description

The one special alga fertilizer and preparation method thereof of cultivating peanut

Technical field

The invention belongs to Special Fertilizers for Various Crops production technical field, particularly the special alga fertilizer and preparation method thereof of cultivating peanut.

Background technology

Peanut imports China on 16th century, is one of China four large oil crops, and in China crops, peanut cultivation area and the gross output value rank respectively the 7th and the 5th. The cultivated area of China's peanut is only second to rape, approximately 5,000,000 hectares of cultivated areas, and total output, 1,400 ten thousand tons of left and right, accounts for the more than 40% of Peanut total output, ranks first in the world, and meanwhile, China is also first country of consumption and the exported country of peanut.

The region that China's peanut is produced is extensive, except the provinces and regions such as Tibet, Qinghai, Ningxia, Hong Kong, has plantation. Mainly concentrate on the northern North China Plain, littoral area, Bohai Sea Gulf and southern Coastal Areas of South China and the Sichuan Basin etc. Can be divided into two large producing regions, i.e. northern production area and southern production area, area, total product of northern peanut production area account for respectively 60% and 65% of the whole nation. Domestic peanut cultivation taking Shandong, 7 provinces such as Henan, Hebei, Guangdong, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Anhui are as main, peanut area accounts for the whole nation 72%, total producing accounts for the whole nation 79%, wherein Henan, Shandong are maximum province, the peanut cultivation area sum of two provinces accounts for 45% of the whole nation.

Peanut has very high nutritive value, includes abundant fat and protein, and fat content of peanut is 44%-45%, and protein content is 24-36%, and sugar content is 20% left and right. And contain the many kinds of substances such as A, B, E, K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin. Peanut oil is rich in unrighted acid, and wherein oleic acid 34%-68%, linoleic acid 19%-43%, can reduce blood fat, and prevention of cardiac also has anticancer function. Peanut protein contains essential amino acid, has promotion brain cell development, strengthens the function of memory; Peanut also can be made into nutritious, all good various food and the health foods of color through processing.

Along with the raising of people's living standard and the understanding to peanut nutrition composition, the edible consumption amount of peanut increases in rigidity, improving constantly peanut yield, promoting peanut quality is the important topic of facing in peanut cultivation, and Rational Application peanut formula fertilizer can go far towards the lifting of peanut yield and quality.

Peanut is that two is few to the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements, and centre is many, in full growing process, to the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is: Seedling Stage, full fruit phase, maturity period are few, and the lower pin phase of blooming, fruiting period are many. Every production 100Kg pod need to absorb purity nitrogen (N) 5.54 ± 0.68Kg, pure phosphorus (P) 1.0 ± 0.18Kg, and pure potassium (K) 2.65 ± 0.55Kg, calcium (CaO) 1.5-3.5Kg, 15 parts of nitrogens of every assimilation approximately need 1 part of thionin. The nitrogen major part that peanut absorbs is from the nitrogen fixation of rhizobium, account for 70%, increasing the p application rate can promote the symbiotic nitrogen fixation of rhizobium, potash fertilizer also has facilitation to growing of peanut with the symbiotic nitrogen fixation of rhizobium, but single potassium application effect of increasing production is not obvious, is used in conjunction with successful with phosphate fertilizer.

Peanut centering microelements of calcium, boron, molybdenum, iron are comparatively responsive, and under peanut, to enrich boron fertilizer production-increasing function fairly obvious the pin phase. Molybdenum and iron are the synthesis materials of the Mo-Fe protein in rhizobium, to fixed nitrogen process important role. Calcium can promote the synthetic of peanut body internal protein and acid amides, reduces sterile grain rate, increases pod plumpness.

Alga fertilizer is a kind of huge algae extract in ocean that uses, and then mixes the nitrogen phosphorus potassium of some and a kind of fertilizer that middle trace element processes. In marine algae extract, except containing organic nutrition and mineral nutrition composition, be rich in again plant endogenous hormones, the active material of enhancing development. The preparation method that marine algae extract has acid to carry, alkali is carried, soda acid mixes different process such as extracting, enzyme is carried, the marine algae extract of wherein producing by enzyme fermentation technology, can keep to greatest extent the validity of marine alga organic nutrition, plant endogenous hormones and active material, sourlyer carry, alkali is carried, soda acid mixes the techniques such as extraction and has great advantage. The high activity alga fertilizer that the marine algae extract that interpolation enzymolysis is produced obtains can effectively promote plant growth; The persistence of water conservation, increase available nutrient; Chelating heavy metal ion; Increasing soil breathes freely and agglomerate ability; Reduce the surface tension of water, increase the active area of crop leaf or root system, strengthen and absorb. In addition, the marine alga slag after enzyme fermentation, the content of organic matter, more than 60%, is easy to after being manured into soil decompose, and can play improvement soil physical property, near the effect of complexing nutrient root system of plant, and then Promoting plant growth, improves fruit quality.

After application enzymolysis marine algae extract and marine alga slag, can improve crop to the absorbing, promote plant growth, promote crop quality of nutrient, significant to the increasing yield and improving quality cultivation of peanut.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide the special marine alga formula fertilizer of cultivating peanut, the effect that increase peanut yield to realize, promotes peanut quality.

The one special alga fertilizer of cultivating peanut, its raw material components weight portion is as follows: urea 250-425 part, MAP 75-225 part, calcium magnesium phosphate 20-100 part, potassium sulfate 200-410 part, borax 5-30 part, EDTA chelated iron 1-10 part, EDTA Chelated Manganese 1-10 part, EDTA chelated zinc 1-10 part, ammonium heptamolybdate 1-5 part, seaweed extracted liquor 1-50 part (in butt), marine alga slag 30-150 part;

Above-mentioned raw materials, except seaweed extracted liquor and marine alga slag, is commercially available prod, wherein:

Described urea is graininess, proportioning 46.4-0-0;

Described MAP is white powder, proportioning 11-49-0;

Described calcium magnesium phosphate is white powder, and phosphorus pentoxide content is 18%, and calcium oxide content is 45%, and content of magnesia is 12%, and silica content is 20%;

Described potassium sulfate is white powder, proportioning 0-0-50;

Described industrial borax is sodium tetraborate decahydrate, pure boron >=10%;

Described EDTA chelated iron is pale yellow powder, chelated iron content >=13%;

Described EDTA Chelated Manganese is blush powder, Chelated Manganese content >=13%;

Described EDTA chelated zinc is white powder, chelated zinc content >=15%;

Described ammonium heptamolybdate, molybdenum content >=54%;

Described seaweed extracted liquor is that Stanley Fertilizer Co.,Ltd produces, and is extracted and is obtained, for exquisiteness has the black liquor of viscosity by enzyme fermentation technology, water content is 80%, and dry matter content is 20%, and wherein alginic acid content is 5%, GA content is 20ng/g, and indoleacetic acid content is 30ng/g.

Described marine alga slag is that Stanley Fertilizer Co.,Ltd produces, extract marine alga active material by enzyme fermentation technology, after having fermented, seaweed extracted liquor separated with marine alga slag, by marine alga slag dry, pulverization process, obtaining fineness is 80-100 object black powder, and the content of organic matter is 63%.

The special alga fertilizer of peanut of the present invention, further preferred feedstock ingredients weight parts is as follows: urea 280-380 part, MAP 75-150 part, calcium magnesium phosphate 40-80 part, potassium sulfate 250-350 part, borax 5-20 part, EDTA chelated iron 2-10 part, EDTA Chelated Manganese 2-10 part, EDTA chelated zinc 2-10 part, ammonium heptamolybdate 1-3 part, seaweed extracted liquor 1-30 part (in butt), marine alga slag 80-140 part.

The special alga fertilizer of peanut of the present invention, most preferably raw material components weight portion is as follows: 365 parts, urea, 120 parts of MAPs, 65 parts, calcium magnesium phosphate, 300 parts of potassium sulfates, 15 parts of boraxs, 8 parts of EDTA chelated irons, 6 parts of EDTA Chelated Manganeses, 7 parts of EDTA chelated zincs, 1 part of ammonium heptamolybdate, 10 parts of (remarks: 50 parts of liquid of seaweed extracted liquor, be 10 parts of butts), 103 parts of marine alga slags.

The special alga fertilizer of this peanut adopts cylinder prilling, and its concrete production stage is as follows:

After the preliminary premixed of amount of 1, borax, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA Chelated Manganese, EDTA chelated zinc, ammonium heptamolybdate being calculated according to proportioning, with urea, MAP, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate, the marine alga slag after metering, together drop into agitated kettle, in agitated kettle, be fully uniformly mixed;

2, above-mentioned mixing of materials enters comminutor with belt transmission after evenly, and comminutor front arranges two shower nozzles, the seaweed extracted liquor that one of them spray is calculated according to proportioning, and another shower nozzle spraying steam, makes material balling-up granulation, and prilling temperature is controlled at 40 DEG C-50 DEG C;

3, the material of preliminary balling-up enters the first drying roller and the first chilling roll successively, is controlled at 60 DEG C-70 DEG C in the first Drying outlet material temperature;

4, after the first chilling roll discharging, material is sieved, the large grain sifting out again drops into comminutor with granule after crushed and carries out granulation; Sieve semi-finished product continue to enter the second drying roller, outlet material temperature be controlled at 50 DEG C-60 DEG C; Then enter the second chilling roll, then sieve, the material screening out continues to return granulator granulation;

5, the compound fertilizer granules sieving is wrapped to the anti-caking processing such as oil, face powder, finally measure, pack.

Using method of the present invention is that base is executed every mu of 40kg-50kg, impose every mu of 20kg-25kg, mainly use in peanut seeding, the lower pin early stage of blooming, fruiting period, can promote nourishing and growing and reproductive growth of peanut simultaneously, and can improve soil, be beneficial to peanut growth and quality-improving. Beneficial effect of the present invention is specific as follows:

1, reasonable mixture ratio

The present invention is the demand rule to Different Nutrient Elements according to peanut, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and middle microelement match reasonable in design are produced the formula fertilizer special that is suitable for peanut growth, ensures effective absorption, the utilization of peanut to each nutrient.

2, nutrient is comprehensive

The special alga fertilizer of peanut prepared by the present invention is except containing the essential a great number of elements nitrogen of peanut growth, phosphorus, potassium, also contain peanut growth essential moderate-element calcium, magnesium, sulphur, (iron, manganese, zinc are all chelating states for micronutrient boron, iron, manganese, zinc, molybdenum etc., be easy to absorb), can effectively promote peanut to blossom and bear fruit, improve the activity of enzyme, strengthen peanut nutrition growth and reproductive growth ability, and then improve peanut yield.

3, stimulate peanut growth

The seaweed extracted liquor adding in the present invention contains the natural plants endogenous hormones extracting from marine alga, as gibberellin, the heteroauxin basic element of cell division, cytokinin etc., can effectively improve peanut photosynthate synthesis rate and carbon stocks, delay nutrition organs aging, make peanut plant stalwartness, stimulate peanut growth.

4, strengthen peanut resistance

Abscisic acid, betaine, salicylic acid isoreactivity composition that the seaweed extracted liquor adding in the present invention contains, by raising the expression of the disease-resistant genes such as peanut PR gene, strengthen peanut opposing fungi, bacterium, virus infection, the ability of opposing pest damage on the one hand; On the other hand by reducing transpiration, strengthen stomatal conductance, increasing resistance metabolism subset etc., strengthen the ability of the opposing abiotic stress such as peanut salt tolerant, drought-enduring, resistance to frost.

5, improve soil physical property

The marine alga slag adding in the special alga fertilizer of peanut prepared by the present invention, contain abundant organic matter, can promote the formation of soil aggregate, coordinate the soil water, fertilizer, gas, hot situation, to improveing sand, to cross the lean soil such as glutinous respond well, thereby improve the ecological environment of peanut growth.

Detailed description of the invention

The preparation of peanut formula fertilizer special

Embodiment mono-

Raw material proportioning: 360 parts, urea, 145 parts of MAPs, 300 parts of potassium sulfates.

Concrete production technology is as follows:

1, by urea, MAP, potassium sulfate, according to being fully uniformly mixed in agitated kettle after proportioning metering;

2, above-mentioned mixing of materials enters comminutor with belt transmission after evenly, and comminutor front arranges a shower nozzle spraying steam, makes material balling-up granulation, and prilling temperature is controlled at 40 DEG C-50 DEG C;

3, the material of preliminary balling-up enters the first drying roller and the first chilling roll successively, is controlled at 60 DEG C-70 DEG C in a baking outlet material temperature;

4, after the first chilling roll discharging, material is sieved, the large grain sifting out again drops into comminutor with granule after crushed and carries out granulation; Sieve semi-finished product continue to enter the second drying roller, outlet material temperature be controlled at 50 DEG C-60 DEG C; Then enter the second chilling roll, then sieve, the material screening out continues to return granulator granulation;

5, the compound fertilizer granules sieving is wrapped to the anti-caking processing such as oil, face powder, finally measure, pack.

The product specification obtaining is 18-7-15, not containing middle trace element, seaweed extracted liquor and marine alga slag.

Embodiment bis-

Raw material proportioning: 365 parts, urea, 120 parts of MAPs, 65 parts, calcium magnesium phosphate, 300 parts of potassium sulfates, 15 parts of boraxs, 8 parts of EDTA chelated irons, 6 parts of EDTA Chelated Manganeses, 7 parts of EDTA chelated zincs, 1 part of ammonium heptamolybdate.

Concrete production technology is with embodiment 1.

The product specification obtaining is 18-7-15, containing middle trace element, not containing seaweed extracted liquor and marine alga slag.

Embodiment tri-

Raw material proportioning: 365 parts, urea, 120 parts of MAPs, 65 parts, calcium magnesium phosphate, 300 parts of potassium sulfates, 15 parts of boraxs, 8 parts of EDTA chelated irons, 6 parts of EDTA Chelated Manganeses, 7 parts of EDTA chelated zincs, 1 part of ammonium heptamolybdate, 10 parts of seaweed extracted liquors (remarks: 50 parts of liquid, i.e. 10 parts of butts).

Concrete production technology is except step 2, with embodiment 1.

Step 2 is: after above-mentioned mixing of materials is even, enter comminutor with belt transmission; comminutor front arranges two shower nozzles, a certain amount of seaweed extracted liquor that one of them spray is calculated according to proportioning, another shower nozzle spraying steam; make material balling-up granulation, prilling temperature is controlled at 40 DEG C-50 DEG C.

The product specification obtaining is 18-7-15, containing middle trace element, seaweed extracted liquor, not containing marine alga slag.

Embodiment tetra-

Raw material proportioning: 365 parts, urea, 120 parts of MAPs, 65 parts, calcium magnesium phosphate, 300 parts of potassium sulfates, 15 parts of boraxs, 8 parts of EDTA chelated irons, 6 parts of EDTA Chelated Manganeses, 7 parts of EDTA chelated zincs, 1 part of ammonium heptamolybdate, 113 parts of marine alga slags.

Concrete production technology is with embodiment 1.

The product specification obtaining is 18-7-15, containing middle trace element, marine alga slag, not containing seaweed extracted liquor.

Embodiment five

Raw material proportioning: 103 parts of 365 parts, urea, 120 parts of MAPs, 65 parts, calcium magnesium phosphate, 300 parts of potassium sulfates, 15 parts of boraxs, 8 parts of EDTA chelated irons, 6 parts of EDTA Chelated Manganeses, 7 parts of EDTA chelated zincs, 1 part of ammonium heptamolybdate, seaweed extracted liquor 10 parts (remarks: 50 parts of liquid, i.e. 10 parts of butts), marine alga slags.

Concrete production technology is with embodiment 3.

The product specification obtaining is 18-7-15, containing middle trace element, seaweed extracted liquor, marine alga slag.

Manure trial

Test site: Linshu County, Linyi Stanley Agro-ecology Demonstration Garden

For examination soil nutrient content be: organic matter 0.79%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 126mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus (P₂O₅) 12mg/kg, available potassium (K₂O) 145mg/kg, soil pH value is 7, soil property is sandy loam.

For examination peanut varieties be: Weihua No.6.

6 processing are established in this experiment altogether, taking the conventional cylinder Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of 16-16-16 as contrast, specifically process in table 1, and every processing repeats 3 times, and random district group is arranged, and experimental plot area is 66.7m², 10m × 6.7m rectangle, surrounding is established protection row.

Peanut was sowed on April 20th, 2013, Ridged plant, row spacing 80cm, 2 row peanuts are planted on every ridge, average row is apart from 40cm, pier is apart from 18cm, every pier 2 strains, planting density 9800 pier/mus, covering with plastic film, execute the lower pin phase of blooming on June 15th, 2013 and topdress, on August 30th, 2013 gathers in the crops, and the species test respectively of each community, meter produce. Amount to 132 days growth period.

Table 1 peanut fertilizer treatment

All processing doses are 70 kgs/acre, and every community dose is 7kg, and equal 70% fertilizer is executed for base, and 30% imposes for elongation, each period dose and fertilization mode in table 1, the field management measures such as all the other weedings, laxative, irrigation are identical.

Peanut economical character application form under table 2 different disposal

Note: in table, between the different letter representation different fertilization of same row, difference reaches 5% level of signifiance.

As shown in Table 2, in 6 processing, to process E, 18-7-15(is containing middle trace element, marine algae extract, marine alga slag) effective branch amount, individual plant fruit number, two benevolence rate the highest, respectively than control treatment, 16-16-16 high by 24%, 11%, 8%. The poorest to process A effect, effectively branch amount, individual plant fruit number, two benevolence rate be all significantly lower than control treatment, respectively low by 7%, 7%, 4%. Every economical character that can significantly improve peanut in interpolation after trace element, seaweed extracted liquor, marine alga slag is described. Process every agronomic trait of C and control treatment all without significant difference, although illustrate that in adding, the 18-7-15 fertilizer total nutrient after trace element is lower than 16-16-16, but due to middle trace element by peanut growth essential, so can greatly promote the growth of peanut after adding, reach the effect of high nutrient proportioning fertilizer. Process C compared with processing D, individual plant fruit number is significantly increased with two benevolence rates, illustrates that the natural plants endogenous hormones and the active ingredient that in seaweed extracted liquor, contain more have facilitation effect than marine alga slag to the growth of peanut.

Peanut economic characters application form under table 3 different disposal

Note: in table, between the different letter representation different fertilization of same row, difference reaches 5% level of signifiance.

As shown in Table 2, the theoretical yield of 6 fertilizer treatment presents identical result with actual production, is and processes E > processing C, processes D > treatments B, processes A > processing CK.

With process E, proportioning is that 18-7-15(contains middle trace element, seaweed extracted liquor, marine alga slag, embodiment five) process yield index the best, process E higher 26.23 kgs/acre than CK treatment theory output, volume increase 12.9%; Actual production is high 25.14 kgs/acre, volume increase 13.4%.

Process A(18-7-15, containing middle trace element, seaweed extracted liquor, marine alga slag) theoretical yield and actual production all significantly process lower than CK, and theoretical yield reduces 8.58 kgs/acre, the underproduction 4.2%; Actual production reduces 10.68 kgs/acre, volume increase 5.7%.

Treatments B (18-7-15, containing middle trace element, containing seaweed extracted liquor, marine alga slag) is than processing A(18-7-15, containing middle trace element, seaweed extracted liquor, marine alga slag) theoretical yield increases by 14.79 kgs/acre, volume increase 7.6%; Actual production increases by 15.57 kgs/acre, volume increase 8.8%. Illustrate to add after middle trace element to be conducive to peanut photosynthesis, to blossom and bear fruit, can effectively improve peanut yield.

Process C(18-7-15, containing middle trace element, seaweed extracted liquor, not containing marine alga slag) increase by 10.55 kgs/acre, volume increase 5.0% than treatments B (18-7-15, containing middle trace element, not containing seaweed extracted liquor, marine alga slag) theoretical yield; Actual production increases by 9.24 kgs/acre, volume increase 4.8%. Process D(18-7-15, containing middle trace element, marine alga slag, not containing seaweed extracted liquor) increase by 3.14 kgs/acre, volume increase 1.5% than treatments B (18-7-15, containing middle trace element, not containing seaweed extracted liquor, marine alga slag) theoretical yield; Actual production increases by 7.09 kgs/acre, volume increase 4.0%. Illustrate and add seaweed extracted liquor or marine alga slag, contribute to peanut to absorb nutrient, be beneficial to peanut growth and volume increase.

Therefore, peanut proprietary formula fertilizer nutrient proportioning of the present invention contains middle trace element, seaweed extracted liquor, marine alga slag with the 18-7-15(of embodiment E) the most reasonable.

Claims (2)

1. the special alga fertilizer of cultivating peanut, it is characterized in that raw material components weight portion is as follows: 365 parts, urea, 120 parts of MAPs, 65 parts, calcium magnesium phosphate, 300 parts of potassium sulfates, 15 parts of boraxs, 8 parts of EDTA chelated irons, 6 parts of EDTA Chelated Manganeses, 7 parts of EDTA chelated zincs, 1 part of ammonium heptamolybdate, 10 parts of seaweed extracted liquors, 103 parts of marine alga slags;

The weight portion of above-mentioned seaweed extracted liquor is in butt;

Above-mentioned raw materials, except seaweed extracted liquor and marine alga slag, is commercially available prod, wherein:

Described urea is graininess, proportioning 46.4-0-0;

Described MAP is white powder, proportioning 11-49-0;

Described calcium magnesium phosphate is white powder, and phosphorus pentoxide content is 18%, and calcium oxide content is 45%, and content of magnesia is 12%, and silica content is 20%;

Described potassium sulfate is white powder, proportioning 0-0-50;

Described borax is sodium tetraborate decahydrate, pure boron >=10%;

Described EDTA chelated iron is pale yellow powder, chelated iron content >=13%;

Described EDTA Chelated Manganese is blush powder, Chelated Manganese content >=13%;

Described EDTA chelated zinc is white powder, chelated zinc content >=15%;

Described ammonium heptamolybdate, molybdenum content >=54%;

Described seaweed extracted liquor is that Stanley Fertilizer Co.,Ltd produces, and is extracted and is obtained, for exquisiteness has the black liquor of viscosity by enzyme fermentation technology, water content is 80%, and dry matter content is 20%, and wherein alginic acid content is 5%, GA content is 20ng/g, and indoleacetic acid content is 30ng/g;

Described marine alga slag is that Stanley Fertilizer Co.,Ltd produces, extract marine alga active material by enzyme fermentation technology, after having fermented, seaweed extracted liquor separated with marine alga slag, by marine alga slag dry, pulverization process, obtaining fineness is 80-100 object black powder, and the content of organic matter is 63%.

2. the using method of the special alga fertilizer of peanut as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: base is executed every mu of 40kg-50kg, imposes every mu of 20kg-25kg.