CN108463523A - 涂布剂、表面覆盖弹性体及表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体 - Google Patents

涂布剂、表面覆盖弹性体及表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体 Download PDF

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CN108463523A
CN108463523A CN201780006812.9A CN201780006812A CN108463523A CN 108463523 A CN108463523 A CN 108463523A CN 201780006812 A CN201780006812 A CN 201780006812A CN 108463523 A CN108463523 A CN 108463523A
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smears
present
rubber
elastomer
carbamate resins
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CN108463523B (zh
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立木纯
渡边智和
青柳秀治
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Nichias Corp
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Abstract

一种涂布剂，其特征在于，含有：粒状的氟树脂、酸改性聚烯烃、氨基甲酸酯树脂、和固化剂。根据本发明，能够提供能形成在高表面压力且高温度条件下的耐磨耗性优异的覆膜的涂布剂、使用其得到的表面覆盖弹性体及表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体。

Description

涂布剂、表面覆盖弹性体及表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体
技术领域
本发明涉及涂布剂，特别是密封材料等中使用的弹性体的表面覆盖用的涂布剂。
背景技术
以往，出于防粘着、防粘连、提高耐磨耗性等目的，在橡胶覆盖金属制垫片、轴承密封、油封、O型环等橡胶弹性体的表面设置有涂膜。但是，存在如下情况：即使形成所述涂膜，发动机垫片等在高表面压力且高温度条件下进而施加发动机的振动时，垫片表面的橡胶覆膜也会磨耗，会发生气体泄漏。另外，有时轴承密封、油封等的橡胶弹性体滑动部的橡胶覆膜层因反复的滑动而磨耗，发生油泄漏。
因此，为了提高耐磨耗性，提出了各种各样的涂布剂(例如，专利文献1～4)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开平3-252442号公报
专利文献2：日本特开平5-341494号公报
专利文献3：日本特开2008-260809号公报
专利文献4：日本特开2008-189892号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
但是，利用专利文献1～4的涂布剂得到的覆膜对于因与凸缘部的构件接触而发生的反复滑动的耐磨耗性低。特别是，在高表面压力且高温度条件下对于因与凸缘部的构件接触而发生的反复滑动的耐磨耗性低。
因此，本发明的目的在于，提供能够形成高表面压力且高温条件下的耐磨耗性优异的覆膜的涂布剂、使用其得到的表面覆盖弹性体及表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体。
用于解决问题的方案
上述问题通过以下的本发明来解决。
即，本发明提供(1)一种涂布剂，其特征在于，含有：粒状的氟树脂、酸改性聚烯烃、氨基甲酸酯树脂、和固化剂。
另外，本发明提供(2)如(1)所述的涂布剂，其特征在于，前述粒状的氟树脂为粒状的聚四氟乙烯。
另外，本发明提供(3)如(1)或(2)中任一项所述的涂布剂，其特征在于，前述酸改性聚烯烃为酸改性聚乙烯。
另外，本发明提供(4)如(1)～(3)中任一项所述的涂布剂，其特征在于，前述氨基甲酸酯树脂的抗拉强度为35N/mm2以上。
另外，本发明提供(5)如(1)～(4)中任一项所述的涂布剂，其特征在于，前述固化剂为多异氰酸酯。
另外，本发明提供(6)如(5)所述的涂布剂，其特征在于，前述多异氰酸酯为封端型多异氰酸酯。
另外，本发明提供(7)如(1)～(6)中任一项所述的涂布剂，其特征在于，其用作弹性体的表面涂布剂。
另外，本发明提供(8)一种表面覆盖弹性体，其特征在于，包含：弹性体、和在该弹性体的表面形成的(1)～(7)中任一项所述的涂布剂的固化物。
另外，本发明提供(9)一种(8)的表面覆盖弹性体，其特征在于，其为密封材料。
另外，本发明提供(10)一种表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体，其特征在于，至少具有：金属板、覆盖该金属板的橡胶层、及在该橡胶层的表面形成的(1)～(7)中任一项所述的涂布剂的固化物。
发明的效果
根据本发明，能够提供能形成在高表面压力且高温度条件下的耐磨耗性优异的覆膜的涂布剂、使用其得到的表面覆盖弹性体及表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体。
具体实施方式
本发明的涂布剂是以含有粒状的氟树脂、酸改性聚烯烃、氨基甲酸酯树脂、和固化剂为特征的涂布剂。而且，本发明的涂布剂为涂布于涂布对象的表面、进行加热而使其固化，由此在涂布对象的表面形成固化物的覆膜的涂布剂。
本发明的涂布剂至少含有粒状的氟树脂和酸改性聚烯烃作为润滑剂。本发明的涂布剂通过含有粒状的氟树脂和酸改性聚烯烃作为润滑剂，从而本发明的涂布剂的固化物在高表面压力且高温度条件下的耐磨耗性变高。
本发明的涂布剂中，作为粒状的氟树脂中的氟树脂，没有特别限制，例如可列举出聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、全氟烷氧基氟树脂(PFA)、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(FEP)、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)、乙烯-氯三氟乙烯共聚物(ECTFE)、聚氯三氟乙烯(PCTFE)、氯三氟乙烯(CTFE)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚氟乙烯(PVF)等，这些当中，优选聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)。氟树脂的分子量优选为10万～1000万、特别优选为100万～1000万。
粒状的氟树脂的一次颗粒的平均粒径优选为2μm以下、特别优选为0.1～1.0μm。
作为本发明的涂布剂的制备中所使用的粒状的氟树脂，没有特别限制，例如可以举出分散于溶剂而成的氟树脂、粉末状的氟树脂。
作为本发明的涂布剂中的酸改性聚烯烃，可列举出酸改性聚乙烯、酸改性聚丙烯、酸改性聚苯乙烯等，这些当中，优选酸改性聚乙烯。酸改性聚烯烃在本发明的涂布剂的固化物中提高与基底的弹性体的密合性，因此本发明的涂布剂通过含有酸改性聚烯烃，从而本发明的涂布剂的固化物在高表面压力且高温度条件下的耐磨耗性变高。
酸改性聚烯烃的分子量优选为2000以上、特别优选为5000～6000。
作为本发明的涂布剂的制备中所使用的酸改性聚烯烃，可以适宜选择分散于水溶剂而成的酸改性聚烯烃、粉末状的酸改性聚烯烃等。
本发明的涂布剂在本发明的涂布剂的固化物中含有氨基甲酸酯树脂和固化剂作为用于保持粒状的氟树脂及聚烯烃的保持材料。
作为本发明的涂布剂中的氨基甲酸酯树脂，没有特别限制，例如可以举出芳香族系氨基甲酸酯树脂、酯系氨基甲酸酯树脂、醚系氨基甲酸酯树脂等。
芳香族系氨基甲酸酯树脂为具有芳香族基团作为重复单元的氨基甲酸酯树脂。作为芳香族基团，可以举出取代或无取代的碳数6～14的芳香族烃基。醚系氨基甲酸酯树脂为具有醚键作为重复单元的氨基甲酸酯树脂。酯系氨基甲酸酯树脂为具有酯键作为重复单元的氨基甲酸酯树脂。
氨基甲酸酯树脂的分子量优选为1000～1000000。另外，氨基甲酸酯树脂的抗拉强度优选为35N/mm2以上、特别优选为50～100N/mm2。通过使氨基甲酸酯树脂的抗拉强度处于上述范围，从而本发明的涂布剂的固化物在高表面压力且高温度条件下的耐磨耗性变高。
氨基甲酸酯树脂可以为未进行酸改性的氨基甲酸酯树脂，也可以为进行了酸改性的氨基甲酸酯树脂。作为进行酸改性的方法，例如可以举出：在大气气氛中进行加热而进行酸化处理的方法、使用酸进行处理的方法、在氨基甲酸酯树脂的聚合所使用的多元醇等中使用具有羟基、羧基等酸基的物质的方法。而且，作为氨基甲酸酯树脂，在本发明的涂布剂的固化物在高表面压力且高温度条件下的耐磨耗性变高的方面，未进行酸改性的氨基甲酸酯树脂是优选的。
本发明的涂布剂中的固化剂为在将本发明的涂布剂涂布于涂布对象并进行加热时发生固化的固化剂，通过进行固化，其固化物成为保持本发明的涂布剂的固化物中的润滑剂的保持材料。
作为固化剂，可列举出多异氰酸酯、环氧化合物、恶唑啉化合物、碳二亚胺化合物、三聚氰胺化合物等，这些当中，从在高表面压力且高温度条件下的耐磨耗性变高的方面出发，多异氰酸酯是优选的。作为多异氰酸酯，可以举出封端型多异氰酸酯。而且，作为固化剂，优选封端型多异氰酸酯。
本发明的涂布剂的固体成分中的粒状的氟树脂的含有比例优选为5～50质量％、特别优选为5～20质量％。通过使涂布剂的固体成分中的粒状的氟树脂的含有比例处于上述范围，从而本发明的涂布剂的固化物在高表面压力且高温度条件下的耐磨耗性变高。
本发明的涂布剂的固体成分中的酸改性聚烯烃的含有比例优选为5～50质量％、特别优选为10～30质量％。通过使涂布剂的固体成分中的聚烯烃的含有比例处于上述范围，从而本发明的涂布剂的固化物在高表面压力且高温度条件下的耐磨耗性变高。
本发明的涂布剂的固体成分中的粒状的氟树脂及聚烯烃的总含有比例优选为15～75质量％、特别优选为15～40质量％。通过使涂布剂的固体成分中的粒状的氟树脂及聚烯烃的总含有比例处于上述范围，从而本发明的涂布剂的固化物在高表面压力且高温度条件下的耐磨耗性变高。
本发明的涂布剂的固体成分中的聚烯烃的含量相对于粒状的氟树脂的含量的比(聚烯烃/粒状的氟树脂)优选为0.1～3.0、特别优选为1.0～2.0。通过使涂布剂的固体成分中的聚烯烃的含量相对于粒状的氟树脂的含量的比处于上述范围，从而本发明的涂布剂的固化物在高表面压力且高温度条件下的耐磨耗性变高。
本发明的涂布剂的固体成分中的氨基甲酸酯树脂的含有比例优选为5～50质量％、特别优选为15～40质量％。通过使涂布剂的固体成分中的氨基甲酸酯树脂的含有比例处于上述范围，从而本发明的涂布剂的固化物在高表面压力且高温度条件下的耐磨耗性变高。
本发明的涂布剂的固体成分中的固化剂的含有比例优选为10～60质量％、特别优选为30～60质量％。通过使涂布剂的固体成分中的固化剂的含有比例处于上述范围，从而本发明的涂布剂的固化物在高表面压力且高温度条件下的耐磨耗性变高。
本发明的涂布剂的固体成分中的氨基甲酸酯树脂及固化剂的总含有比例优选为15～85质量％、特别优选为60～85质量％。通过使涂布剂的固体成分中的氨基甲酸酯树脂及固化剂的总含有比例处于上述范围，从而本发明的涂布剂的固化物在高表面压力且高温度条件下的耐磨耗性变高。
本发明的涂布剂的固体成分中的固化剂的含量相对于氨基甲酸酯树脂的含量的比(固化剂/氨基甲酸酯树脂)优选为0.2～4.0、特别优选为0.6～2.0。通过使涂布剂的固体成分中的固化剂的含量相对于氨基甲酸酯树脂的含量的比处于上述范围，从而本发明的涂布剂的固化物在高表面压力且高温度条件下的耐磨耗性变高。
本发明的涂布剂除了上述的粒状的氟树脂、聚烯烃、氨基甲酸酯树脂及固化剂以外，还可以含有除粒状的氟树脂及聚烯烃以外的润滑剂、除氨基甲酸酯树脂及固化剂以外的保持材料、表面活性剂等。作为除粒状的氟树脂及聚烯烃以外的润滑剂，例如可以举出脉型石墨(vein graphite,)、土状石墨、人造石墨等石墨、硅油、二硫化钼等。另外，作为除氨基甲酸酯树脂及固化剂以外的保持材料，可以举出有机硅树脂、NBR等。
本发明的涂布剂通常不含纤维素衍生物。纤维素衍生物在加热下的耐磨耗性低，另外，由于在有机溶剂中的分散性低，因此有固化物的强度变低的担心。作为纤维素衍生物，可以举出甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、乙基羟乙基纤维素等。
本发明的涂布剂是上述的固体成分即上述粒状的氟树脂、聚烯烃、氨基甲酸酯树脂及固化剂与根据需要使用的除上述粒状的氟树脂、聚烯烃、氨基甲酸酯树脂及固化剂以外的成分分散于溶剂而成的分散液。溶剂可以为水，也可以为有机溶剂。作为有机溶剂，可列举出芳香族烃类、酯类、酮类等，更具体而言，可以举出甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、二正丙基酮、环己酮、佛尔酮、异佛尔酮、乙基溶纤剂、甲基溶纤剂等。
本发明的涂布剂中的固体成分浓度根据使用目的来适宜选择，通常为5～30质量％，优选为10～20质量％。
本发明的涂布剂的制备方法没有特别限制，例如通过在溶剂中添加上述成分并进行搅拌，使固体成分分散于溶剂中来制备。
本发明的涂布剂涂布于涂布对象的表面、干燥后进行加热，由此进行固化，在涂布对象的表面形成本发明的涂布剂的固化物的覆膜。即，本发明的涂布剂作为在涂布对象的表面形成固化物的覆膜的表面涂布剂而使用。
作为由本发明的涂布剂形成固化物的覆膜的涂布对象，例如可以举出弹性体。作为弹性体，可以举出氟橡胶、NBR(丁腈橡胶)、氢化NBR、乙烯-丙烯(-二烯)橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、丙烯酸类橡胶、氯丙烯橡胶、丁基橡胶、天然橡胶等。例如，本发明的涂布剂用于在橡胶覆盖金属制垫片、轴承密封、油封、O型环等橡胶弹性体的表面形成固化覆膜。
弹性体的硬度通常为10～200N/mm2。硬度为例如使用超微小压痕硬度试验机ENT-2100(ELIONIX INC.制)，使用三棱锥型压头(Berkovich tip)测定的马氏硬度。
作为本发明的涂布剂向涂布对象的表面的涂布方法，例如可以举出：使涂布对象浸渍于本发明的涂布剂的方法；利用喷雾、辊涂机、流涂机、喷墨等将本发明的涂布剂涂布于涂布对象的表面的方法。
将本发明的涂布剂涂布于涂布对象的表面后，进行干燥而去除溶剂，然后在100～300℃下进行加热，由此在涂布对象的表面形成本发明的涂布剂的固化物的覆膜。需要说明的是，用于固化的加热温度根据固化剂的种类来适宜选择。
适宜选择在涂布对象的表面形成的本发明的涂布剂的固化物的覆膜的厚度，通常为0.5～10μm，优选为1～6μm。
本发明的表面覆盖弹性体是以包含弹性体、和在该弹性体的表面形成的本发明的涂布剂的固化物为特征的表面覆盖弹性体。本发明的表面覆盖弹性体中的弹性体与本发明的涂布剂中的弹性体同样。
本发明的表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体是以至少具有金属板、覆盖该金属板的橡胶层、及在该橡胶层的表面形成的本发明的涂布剂的固化物为特征的表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体。
本发明的表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体在橡胶金属层叠体的表面形成有本发明的涂布剂的固化物的覆膜。
作为橡胶金属层叠体，可以举出依次形成有金属板、金属处理层、粘接层、及橡胶层的层叠体；依次形成有金属板、粘接层、及橡胶层的层叠体。即，对于橡胶金属层叠体，金属板被橡胶层覆盖，橡胶层以借助形成于金属板表面的粘接层、或借助形成于金属板表面的金属处理层及形成于金属处理层表面的粘接层而覆盖金属板的方式来形成。
作为本发明的表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体中的金属板，可以举出不锈钢板、软钢板、镀锌钢板、SPCC钢板、铜板、镁板、铝板、铝压铸板等。
本发明的表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体中的金属处理层形成于金属板的表面。作为金属处理层，可以举出磷酸锌覆膜、磷酸铁覆膜、涂布型铬酸盐覆膜、含有钒化合物、锆化合物、钛化合物、钼化合物、钨化合物、锰化合物、锌化合物及铈化合物中的任1种以上的覆膜等。另外，作为金属处理层，可以举出使用含有具有至少1个以上螯合环和烷氧基的有机金属化合物的金属处理层形成剂而形成的金属处理层、进而使用含有金属氧化物或二氧化硅的金属处理层形成剂而形成的金属处理层、优选可列举出使用具有含氨基的烷氧基硅烷和含乙烯基的烷氧基硅烷的金属处理层形成剂而形成的金属处理层。
本发明的表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体中的粘接层形成于金属板的表面，或者，在形成金属处理层的情况下，形成于金属处理层的表面。粘接层使用与所粘接的橡胶的种类相对应的硫化粘接剂来形成。形成橡胶层的橡胶为NBR的情况下，作为硫化粘接剂，使用硅烷、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、氨基甲酸酯树脂等硫化粘接剂。
作为形成本发明的表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体中的橡胶层的橡胶，可以举出丁腈橡胶(NBR)、氢化丁腈橡胶(H-NBR)或官能团改性丁腈橡胶(以下，也简称为“NBR”。)或者其发泡橡胶。对于发泡橡胶，进行醌交联而成者不存在因硫的游离所导致的金属腐蚀的问题，是适宜的。作为交联剂，对醌二肟、p,p’-二苯甲酰基醌二肟是适宜的。另外，从交联效率变高的方面出发，交联剂优选与交联促进剂组合使用。NBR配混有热分解型发泡剂或非交联性的热膨胀性微胶囊在发泡的方面是优选的。发泡倍率优选1.2～5倍、特别优选1.5～3倍。发泡倍率为橡胶层的发泡前的厚度与发泡后的厚度的比率。另外，优选NBR配混有炭黑等填充材料。
作为设置橡胶层的方法，例如可以举出如下方法：向NBR中配混规定量的交联系添加剂、发泡剂、填充材料、其他添加剂而制成橡胶混合物，使其溶解、分散于甲苯等有机溶剂而制成涂布液，涂布于金属板，使其发泡的方法。
橡胶层的厚度优选为10～70μm、特别优选为10～30μm。
[实施例]
(实施例1)
<橡胶金属层叠体的制作>
作为金属板，使用厚度0.2mm的不锈钢板(SUS304)，对其表面用碱性脱脂剂进行处理后，使用磷酸盐系处理剂，在金属板的两面形成铁的磷酸盐的防锈覆膜(金属处理层)。接着，在该防锈覆膜的表面形成以酚醛树脂为主成分并用NBR橡胶混合物进行了改性的粘接层。
接着，在上述粘接层的表面以规定厚度涂布以下所示的组成的橡胶混合物液，在60℃的热风循环式烘箱中干燥1分钟，得到橡胶金属层叠体未交联物。
<橡胶混合物组成>
<涂布剂的制备>
将固体成分中的含有比例为表1所示的比例的各成分添加至溶剂甲苯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸乙酯中，制备固体成分浓度为30质量％的涂布剂。涂布剂的制备中使用的固体成分的各成分如下。
(润滑剂)
·粒状的聚四氟乙烯：平均粒径0.3μm、分子量100万～1000万
·酸改性聚乙烯：分子量5000～6000
·费托蜡：平均粒径0.4μm、熔点112℃
(氨基甲酸酯树脂)
·氨基甲酸酯树脂A：抗拉强度68N/mm2、氨基甲酸酯树脂
·氨基甲酸酯树脂B：进行了酸改性的氨基甲酸酯树脂
(固化剂)
·封端异氰酸酯：解离温度120℃以上、褐色液体
<固化物的覆膜的形成>
在上述的橡胶金属层叠体未交联物的表面上涂布上述涂布剂，在240℃的热风循环式烘箱中加热10分钟，得到在橡胶金属层叠体的表面形成有固化物覆膜的表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体。需要说明的是，涂布剂的固化物覆膜的厚度为1μm，橡胶金属层叠体的表面硬度为35N/mm2。
<耐磨耗性的评价>
对上述的表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体进行以下的试验。将其结果示于表1。
将表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体切断为宽度50mm、长度80mm，制作试验片。接着，使用RHESCACo.,LTD.制销盘式摩擦磨耗试验机FPR-2100，作为对象材料，使用直径R5的磨耗销，在线速度63.25mm/秒、往复旋转半径R40、往复旋转角36°、载荷5000g(25℃)或载荷2500g(150℃)的条件下进行往复运动试验。测定涂布剂的固化物覆膜及橡胶层磨耗、直到金属面露出为止的次数。
[表1]

Claims (10)

1.一种涂布剂，其特征在于，含有：粒状的氟树脂、酸改性聚烯烃、氨基甲酸酯树脂、和固化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涂布剂，其特征在于，所述粒状的氟树脂为粒状的聚四氟乙烯。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的涂布剂，其特征在于，所述酸改性聚烯烃为酸改性聚乙烯。
4.根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的涂布剂，其特征在于，所述氨基甲酸酯树脂的抗拉强度为35N/mm2以上。
5.根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的涂布剂，其特征在于，所述固化剂为多异氰酸酯。
6.根据权利要求5所述的涂布剂，其特征在于，所述多异氰酸酯为封端型多异氰酸酯。
7.根据权利要求1～6中任一项所述的涂布剂，其特征在于，其用作弹性体的表面涂布剂。
8.一种表面覆盖弹性体，其特征在于，包含：弹性体、和在该弹性体的表面形成的权利要求1～7中任一项所述的涂布剂的固化物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的表面覆盖弹性体，其特征在于，其为密封材料。
10.一种表面覆盖橡胶金属层叠体，其特征在于，至少具有：金属板、覆盖该金属板的橡胶层、及在该橡胶层的表面形成的权利要求1～7中任一项所述的涂布剂的固化物。
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