CN108463242A - 包含肉毒杆菌毒素的组合物 - Google Patents
包含肉毒杆菌毒素的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108463242A CN108463242A CN201780006844.9A CN201780006844A CN108463242A CN 108463242 A CN108463242 A CN 108463242A CN 201780006844 A CN201780006844 A CN 201780006844A CN 108463242 A CN108463242 A CN 108463242A
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含(a)肉毒杆菌毒素和(b)非交联的透明质酸的组合物及其治疗或预防肌张力障碍、痉挛状态和/或皱纹的用途。此外,本发明涉及用于在美容上平滑或预防皱纹的方法,其包括施用本发明组合物的步骤。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含(a)肉毒杆菌毒素和(b)非交联的透明质酸的组合物及其用于治疗或预防肌张力障碍、痉挛状态和/或皱纹的用途。此外,本发明涉及用于在美容上平滑或预防皱纹的方法,其包括施用本发明组合物的步骤。
背景技术
“肉毒杆菌神经毒素”(BoNT)可被视为一组几种非常相似的神经毒蛋白的总称。天然存在的肉毒杆菌神经毒素由厌氧和产芽孢细菌肉毒梭菌(Clostridium botulinum)产生,并且很少由其他梭菌属物种,例如丁酸梭菌(C.butyricum)、巴氏梭菌(C.barati)和阿根廷梭菌(C.argentinense)。目前存在八种不同的毒素血清型,称为A、B、C1、C2、D、E、F和G型。其中一些类型如A、B、E和F型对人类有毒,而C、D和G型更经常导致例如在鸟类、马、牛和灵长类动物中的毒性。
肉毒杆菌毒素复合物以包含两种组分的高分子蛋白质复合物的形式存在;即具有麻痹作用的神经毒素组分和相关的无毒细菌蛋白质组分,其可被视为包括血凝素和非血凝素蛋白的外壳蛋白。肉毒杆菌毒素复合物的分子量在不同肉毒杆菌毒素血清型A、B、C1、C2、D、E、F和G型中从约300kDa到约900kDa不等。关于治疗应用,外壳蛋白据报道不具有显著的功能,并且对神经毒性性质没有贡献。神经毒素组分表达为对于所有已知肉毒杆菌毒素血清型具有约150kDa的分子量的无活性单链前体(非裂解多肽)。该单链前体通过溶蛋白性裂解而活化,以生成二硫键连接的双链蛋白质。约50kDa的轻链蛋白质含有催化结构域并且是含锌金属蛋白酶,并且充当锌内肽酶。约100kDa的重链蛋白质包含易位结构域和受体结合结构域。重链介导与突触前胆碱能神经末梢结合,特别是与运动终板或神经肌肉接头的突触前部分结合,以及毒素内化进入细胞内。
关于前面提到的,当转运到神经肌肉接头时,重链的受体结合结构域提供胆碱能特异性并且使毒素与突触前受体结合。随后,神经毒素可经由受体介导的内吞作用进入神经元细胞,并且停留在神经元细胞的内吞囊泡内。在囊泡酸化后,轻链易位到细胞质内并分离。轻链蛋白质是充当锌内肽酶,并且能够分裂囊泡融合器的不同蛋白质并预防囊泡的胞吐作用的子区段。特别地,取决于BoNT血清型,轻链毒性部分能够切割形成SNARE蛋白复合物的一种或多种蛋白质,其中所述SNARE复合物由SNAP-25、突触融合蛋白(syntaxin)和VAMP形成。SNARE复合物通常与膜融合,并且因此允许神经递质乙酰胆碱离开细胞。通过释放突触间隙中的神经递质乙酰胆碱,将神经冲动传递到肌肉,这给肌肉发信号以收缩。由于SNARE复合物的形成基本上通过经由例如BoNT/A从所述复合物中切割蛋白质来预防,所以乙酰胆碱释放被终止。因而,神经和肌肉之间的传递受阻,这最终引起瘫痪(肉毒中毒)。
然而,尽管其高毒性,但是自20世纪80年代初以来,肉毒杆菌毒素已用作批准的活性药物成分,特别是在特定的运动障碍,如眼睑痉挛(睑痉挛)或斜颈(斜颈痉挛)治疗中。另外,肉毒杆菌毒素用于美容医学领域,例如美容治疗中。另外,眉间皱纹的治疗推测进一步发挥心理作用。特别地,这种治疗据报道减轻与严重抑郁障碍有关的症状。
肉毒杆菌神经毒素是固有地不稳定的,特别是在碱性条件下。进一步地,它们据报道是热不稳定的。为此目的,商业肉毒杆菌神经毒素经常作为真空干燥或冻干材料贮存,并且经常另外含有赋形剂,以便保存肉毒杆菌神经毒素在贮存以及潜在的后续重构过程中的完整性和效力。
关于上述医学和美容适应症,肉毒杆菌神经毒素通常必须大约每3个月施用一次。为了提供更期望的剂量方案,US2012/014532 A1提出了储库制剂,其中肉毒杆菌毒素被认为在皮下位置处具有增加的停留时间。参考实例,用于制剂的透明质酸基本上是由具有较低分子量的非交联的透明质酸和交联剂如1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚制备的交联透明质酸。然而,考虑到其应用,上文建议的缓释制剂似乎看起来仍然是可改进的。特别地,根据US2012/014532的制剂中的填料可能在施用部位长时间保留。
因此,本发明的目的是克服上述缺点。特别地,本发明的目的是提供改善的肉毒杆菌神经毒素制剂,其提供肉毒杆菌的延长的持续效应。特别地,应该提供确保在后续施用时不存在以前施用的残留部分的制剂。此外,应该预防或至少显著降低不期望的副作用。
本发明的目的已出乎意料地通过特定组合物以及用于所述组合物的特定剂量方案得到解决,所述组合物包含(a)A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素和(b)重量平均分子量为2.5MDa至4.5MDa的非交联的透明质酸。
本发明人发现本发明的组合物允许应用出乎意料的大量肉毒杆菌神经毒素,而在常规肉毒杆菌制剂中,肉毒杆菌毒素的剂量不能简单地增强以增加摄入细胞内的量,使得上述效应得到实现。这是因为大部分的肉毒杆菌毒素推测经由淋巴引流或直接经由静脉系统迅速到达体循环。通过到达体循环,肉毒杆菌可能扩散到相邻组织,并且可能在相应的位置处引起副作用。例如,在眉间皱纹中注射过量的常规肉毒杆菌毒素制剂可能导致睑下垂。根据本发明,目前可施用显著更高量的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,而无需使用在施用部位处保持数日、数周或数月的储库制剂。
发明内容
本发明提供了组合物,其包含(a)肉毒杆菌神经毒素和(b)非交联的透明质酸,优选具有2.5MDa至4.5MDa的平均分子量和/或2.7至3.3m3/kg的固有粘度。
进一步地,本发明提供了本发明组合物用于治疗肌张力障碍,其中施用220至500单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,用于治疗痉挛状态,其中施用500至1000单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,或用于治疗皱纹,其中施用40至50单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素。
本发明另外提供了用于在美容上平滑或预防哺乳动物的皱纹的方法,优选地皱纹是广泛的模仿活动的结果,其中所述方法包括(i)施用本发明组合物和(ii)在4至9个月后重复施用。
最后,本发明的主题是本发明组合物的美容用途,优选地,皱纹是模仿活动的结果,其中应用的组合物包含40至50单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素。
具体实施方式
本发明的组合物包含(a)肉毒杆菌神经毒素作为组分。
在一个优选实施例中,组分(a)是B型肉毒杆菌神经毒素(BoNT/B)。B型肉毒杆菌神经毒素显示对于囊泡相关膜蛋白质2(VAMP 2)的裂解的催化行为。
在一个替代的优选实施例中,组分(a)是E型肉毒杆菌神经毒素(BoNT/E)。E型肉毒杆菌神经毒素还裂解25kD(千道尔顿)突触体相关蛋白质25(SNAP-25),但与例如A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素相比,它靶向该蛋白质内的不同氨基酸序列。E型肉毒杆菌神经毒素包含8种亚型BoNT/E1至BoNT/E8,并且也可作为重组肉毒杆菌神经毒素存在。E型肉毒杆菌神经毒素的序列和制备例如公开于WO 2014/068317中。特别提到Seq.ID No.1、2和3。
在一个特别优选的实施例中,本发明的组合物包含A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素作为组分(a)。
A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素复合物优选包含约150kDa的神经毒素组分,其可分成上述轻链(约50kDa)和重链(约100kDa),以及任选的一种或多种外壳蛋白如血凝素或非血凝素。在一个优选实施例中,A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素复合物可具有300kDa至900kDa,尤其是300、600或900kDa的重量分子量。可替代地,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素复合物包含神经毒素组分和其它蛋白质,例如血凝素或非血凝素蛋白质。
A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素被视为毒性很强的化合物。在小鼠中的LD50值从静脉给予时的约30pg/kg扩展到在吸入时的约3ng/kg。肉毒杆菌的给药与生物活性有关,并且以生物单位(E)分别在小鼠单位(MU)中测量,其中一个生物单位(E)对应于一个小鼠单位(MU)。一个生物单位(E)对应于注射到腹部内的毒素量,其中所述量足够高以杀死一组雌性SwissWebster小鼠中的50%,所述小鼠各自具有18至20克的体重。
如上所述,A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素可从肉毒梭菌培养物中获得。蛋白质可从培养基中沉淀,并且通过离心、沉淀和吸附几个步骤纯化。纯化的毒素可贮存在-70℃下,且随后解冻而不会损失毒素的功效。固体毒素和无菌等渗盐水的溶液可在冰箱中贮存至多4小时,而不丧失其效力。可通过将特定量的0.9%盐水加入至特定量的肉毒杆菌毒素来进行该重构,使得获得特定浓度的A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素/体积,其通常以单位/ml计量。
在一个实施例中,本发明涵盖肉毒杆菌毒素的同种型、同系物、直系同源物和旁系同源物,其显示与野生型肉毒杆菌毒素,例如野生型A型肉毒杆菌毒素至少50%、至少60%、至少70%、至少80%、至少90%和至多60%、至多70%、至多80%、至多90%、至多100%的序列同一性。序列同一性可通过适合产生可靠结果的任何算法,例如通过使用FASTA算法(W.R.Pearson&D.J.Lipman PNAS(1988)85:2444-2448)来计算。序列同一性可通过比较两个多肽或两个结构域例如两个LC结构域或其片段来计算。经修饰的和重组的肉毒杆菌毒素也在本发明的范围内。然而,本发明还涉及通过以下进行化学修饰的肉毒杆菌毒素:例如通过聚乙二醇化、糖基化、硫酸化、磷酸化或任何其他修饰,特别是通过一个或多个表面或溶剂暴露的氨基酸的化学修饰。适用于本发明的经修饰的、重组的同种型、同系物、直向同源物、旁系同源物和突变体是生物学活性的,即能够移位到神经元内并且切割SNARE复合物的蛋白质(例如SNAP25),以发挥其肌肉麻痹作用。
本发明的组合物还包含透明质酸作为组分(b)。透明质酸是可用下述结构式表示的糖胺聚糖:
因此,透明质酸可被视为二糖的聚合物,其中所述二糖由两种葡萄糖衍生物,即D-葡萄糖醛酸和D-N-乙酰葡糖胺组成。在二糖中,葡萄糖醛酸与N-乙酰葡糖胺糖苷β(1→3)连接,所述N-乙酰葡糖胺依次又与下一个葡萄糖醛酸糖苷β(1→4)连接。
发明人发现本发明的组合物应该包含特定等级的透明质酸。用于本发明中的透明质酸具有相当高的分子量,其中所述高分子量不是通过交联而是通过具有各自长度的线性链来实现。
一般地,在本发明中,用作组分(b)的透明质酸是非交联的透明质酸。在一个优选实施例中,透明质酸具有2.5MDa至4.5MDa,优选2.7至4.2MDa,更优选3.0至4.0MDa,特别是3.3至3.8MDa的平均分子量。
由所测定的固有粘度计算透明质酸的平均分子量。因此,它可被称为“粘度平均分子量”。
根据Ph.Eur.6.0,2.2.9,使用Ubbelohde毛细管粘度计在20℃下和水作为溶剂,测量透明质酸的固有粘度。根据Mark-Houwink关系式[□]=KMa计算各自的平均分子量M,其中□是固有粘度,log(K)是截距并且a是斜率。优选地,对于非交联的透明质酸,a可设定为0.7。
在一个优选实施例中,透明质酸(b)可通过其固有粘度来表征(代替或加上上述分子量)。优选地,固有粘度为2.7至3.3m3/kg,更优选2.80至3.20m3/kg。还更优选2.90至3.15m3/kg,特别是约3.09m3/kg。如上所述测定粘度。
应注意,在本发明中,术语“非交联的透明质酸”包含其所有药学可接受的盐、水合物和/或溶剂化物。优选地,非交联的透明质酸以钠盐的形式存在。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,非交联的透明质酸的多分散指数可为1.0至5.0,优选1.1至4.0,更优选1.2至3.5,还更优选1.3至3.0,尤其是1.4至2.5,特别是1.5至2.0。
就化学而言,分散性可被视为分子或颗粒尺寸异质性的尺度。在均匀集合中,物体具有相同的尺寸、形状或质量。多分散指数(PDI)或简单的分散指数是给定聚合物样品中的分子量分布的量度,并且根据下式进行计算:
PDI=Mw/Mn,
其中,
Mw是重量平均分子量,和
Mn是数量平均分子量。
Mw和Mn均可通过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测定。
在一个优选实施例中,本发明组合物可含有2至4单位,优选2.2至3.8单位,更优选2.4至3.6单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素/毫克非交联的透明质酸。
在一个替代的优选实施例中,本发明组合物可含有20至40单位,优选22至38单位,更优选24至36单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素/毫克非交联的透明质酸。
本发明的组合物可包含各种其它药学可接受的物质,例如盐、自由基清除剂、神经毒素稳定剂、结晶抑制剂、糖、氨基酸、维生素、麻醉剂、表面活性剂、张力调节剂等等。如本文使用的,术语“药学可接受的”指适合与哺乳动物尤其是人的组织接触的那些化合物或物质。如本文使用的,术语“包含”预期涵盖开放式术语“包括”和封闭式术语“由……组成”两者。
在一个实施例中,本发明的组合物优选包含
c)盐
d)神经毒素稳定剂
e)结晶抑制剂,
f)缓冲液,和/或
g)自由基清除剂。
盐(c)可为任何生理可接受的盐,优选钠盐,更优选氯化钠。
神经毒素稳定剂(d)可被视为这样的化合物,其稳定肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素蛋白质,并且预防所述蛋白质降解。例子是蛋白质如人血清白蛋白(HAS)和明胶,其中HAS是优选的。
在另一个优选实施例中,本发明组合物不含有任何神经毒素稳定剂,优选不含人血清白蛋白(HAS)。
结晶抑制剂(e)是例如在冻干步骤期间预防神经毒素结晶的物质。结晶抑制剂的例子是糖,如葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、海藻糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖。优选的是葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖,特别是蔗糖。
缓冲液(f)是这样的物质,当组合物为溶液,优选水溶液的形式时,所述物质用于提供特定pH值,以实现无痛应用例如注射。优选地,当组合物为水溶液的形式时,缓冲液提供6.1至7.6,优选6.2至7.2,更优选6.3至7.1,且特别是6.5至7.0的pH值。缓冲液可为例如磷酸盐缓冲液、柠檬酸盐-磷酸盐缓冲液、乳酸盐缓冲液、乙酸盐缓冲液等等。
预防或减缓肉毒杆菌毒素降解的化合物可被视为自由基清除剂(g)。自由基清除剂的例子是多元醇如甘油和糖醇如甘露醇、肌醇、乳糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇和山梨糖醇。
在一个优选实施例中,本发明组合物不包含甘露醇。
在一个实施例中,本发明组合物可优选含有:
a)20至40单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素
b)2.5至9mg非交联的透明质酸
c)3.6至20mg盐,优选氯化钠
d)0至1.5mg或0.2至1.5mg神经毒素稳定剂,优选人血清白蛋白
e)0.4至0.94mg结晶抑制剂
f)0.3至0.6mg缓冲液,优选磷酸盐缓冲液
g)20至40mg自由基清除剂。
上述组合物可优选为冻干物的形式,使得组合物可贮存而不丧失肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素的功效。包含冻干的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素的组合物可通过用无菌盐水重构冻干物来获得。重构优选用0.9%盐水进行,优选以1ml的量。含水组合物的浓度可优选在下述范围内
a)20至40单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素/ml
b)0.25至0.9%w/v透明质酸
c)0.36至2.0%w/v盐,优选氯化钠
d)0至0.15%w/v或0.02至0.15%w/v神经毒素稳定剂,优选人血清白蛋白
e)0.04至0.094%w/v结晶抑制剂
f)0.03至0.06%w/v缓冲液,优选磷酸盐缓冲液
g)2.0至4.0%w/v自由基清除剂。
在一个替代实施例中,本发明组合物可优选含有:
a)200至400单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素
b)2.5至9mg非交联的透明质酸
c)3.6至20mg盐,优选氯化钠
d)0至15mg或0.2至1.5mg神经毒素稳定剂,优选人血清白蛋白
e)4至9.4mg结晶抑制剂
f)0.3至0.6mg缓冲液,优选磷酸盐缓冲液
g)200至400mg自由基清除剂。
上述替代组合物可优选为冻干物的形式,使得组合物可贮存而不丧失肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素的效力。包含肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素的组合物可通过用无菌盐水重构冻干物来获得。重构优选用0.9%盐水进行,优选以1ml的量。含水组合物的浓度可优选在下述范围内
a)200至400单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素/ml
b)0.25至0.9%w/v透明质酸
c)0.36至2.0%w/v盐,优选氯化钠
d)0至1.5%w/v或0.2至1.5%w/v神经毒素稳定剂,优选人血清白蛋白
e)0.4至0.94%w/v结晶抑制剂
f)0.03至0.06%w/v缓冲液,优选磷酸盐缓冲液
g)20至40%w/v自由基清除剂。
在一个优选实施例中,本发明组合物可包含两种亚组合物。第一亚组合物可优选以冻干物形式包含组分a)、d、e)和g),所述冻干物由0.9%无菌盐水重构用于使用。在一个替代的优选实施例中,冻干物形式的第一亚组合物不含人血清白蛋白(HSA)。第二亚组合物可优选包含组分b)和f)的水溶液。两种亚组合物均可优选地在其应用之前组合,以获得实际组合物。
在一个优选实施例中,本发明的组合物可作为即用型组合物存在,即本发明组合物可以以可直接施用于患者的形式存在。在一个优选实施例中,组合物可以以预填充玻璃或注射器的形式存在,其中所述预填充玻璃或注射器可优选贮存于0°至15℃,更优选2至10℃的温度下。
当以重构溶液的形式时,本发明组合物可优选具有在25℃下并且使用1Hz的振荡频率测定的1.5至4Pa·s,优选1.7至3.8Pa·s,更优选2.0至3.0Pa·s的动态粘度。溶液的这种粘度允许例如通过经由25至32号针的注射来应用。
使用Anton Paar MCR 302流变仪测定复数粘度。振荡频率从10Hz到0.1Hz不等。在1Hz和25℃下,测量2.31-2.45Pa*s的复数粘度、8.9485-9.5135的G’和1.279-1.282的tan(δ)。
进一步地,当以重构溶液形式时,本发明组合物可优选具有200至400毫渗摩尔/升,优选250至370毫渗摩尔/升,特别是270至325毫渗摩尔/升的渗透压浓度。优选地,渗透压浓度可根据Ph.Eur 6.0,第2.2.35节确定。
本发明的进一步主题是用于治疗肌张力障碍的本发明的组合物,其中优选施用200至500单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素。更优选地,可使用220至480、240至460、260至440、280至420、300至400、320至380、或340至380单位或其任何组合,例如240至380单位。
肌张力障碍描述了特征在于肌肉紧张功能障碍的病理状态。肌张力障碍被视为锥体束外运动过度。肌张力障碍可导致(骨骼)肌的持续、不随意收缩。这种功能障碍表现为极度紧张和身体失调。肌张力障碍可例如由于遗传缺陷而发生,所述遗传缺陷作为独立的疾病模式(原发性肌张力障碍)以及与其他疾病(继发性肌张力障碍)如Morbus Parkinson一起、或由于中风而发生。根据传播的等级,肌张力障碍可分成三类:
-局灶性肌张力障碍,其中仅一个身体部位受影响,
-节段性肌张力障碍,其中超过一个身体部位受影响,
-泛发性肌张力障碍,其中全身受影响。
局灶性肌张力障碍的例子是喉肌张力障碍(语音肌张力障碍)或颈肌张力障碍(头/颈未对齐),或其中颈肌张力障碍也可视为节段性肌张力障碍、眼睑痉挛(不可控制的眼睑眨动)、或口下颌肌张力障碍(口区和/或咀嚼受影响)和痉挛性发音困难(声带受影响)。泛发性肌张力障碍的一个例子是Segawa综合征,其特征在于腿部位置的异常。
在一个实施例中,用于治疗肌张力障碍的本发明组合物肠胃外施用,优选以注射剂的形式施用。所述注射可优选在受影响的身体部位中或其附近进行,其中所述注射优选为皮下或肌内注射,特别是肌内注射。
本发明的进一步主题是用于治疗痉挛的本发明的组合物,其中优选施用500至1000单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素。更优选地,可使用550至950、600至900、650至850、或700至800单位或其任何组合,例如600至850单位。
痉挛可被描述为(骨骼)肌的内部张力增强。痉挛的起源是中枢神经系统负责运动的区域的损伤,其中这些区域是脑和脊髓,特别是第一运动神经元的锥体束。最常见的痉挛原因是由脑梗塞引起的运动性脑区域的缺氧损伤。单痉挛是一种肌肉或一个肢体的痉挛性瘫痪。可痉挛性瘫痪的肌肉的例子是桡侧腕屈肌、尺侧腕屈肌、屈肌、屈指浅肌、屈指深肌、肱桡肌、肱二头肌、旋前方肌、旋前圆肌、拇长屈肌、拇短屈肌、拇对掌肌。双痉挛状态(paraspasticiy)的特征在于双腿瘫痪。半痉挛状态(hemispasticity)描述了身体一半肢体的瘫痪或面部一半(半面痉挛)的瘫痪。最后,四肢痉挛(tetraspasticity)涉及所有四肢的痉挛性瘫痪,其中还可能影响颈部和核心肌肉。
在一个实施例中,用于治疗痉挛状态的本发明组合物肠胃外施用,优选以注射剂的形式施用。所述注射可优选在受影响的身体部位中或其附近进行,其中所述注射优选为皮下或肌内注射,特别是肌内注射。
本发明的进一步主题是用于治疗皱纹的本发明的组合物,其中优选施用40至55单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素。更优选地,可使用42至52、43至49、44至48、或45至47单位或其任何组合,例如43至50单位。通过肉毒杆菌毒素治疗皱纹可发挥心理作用。特别地,据报道在通过注射肉毒杆菌毒素治疗皱纹,特别是眉间皱纹后,患有抑郁症的人感到较少抑郁。
在一个实施例中,用于治疗皱纹的本发明组合物肠胃外施用,优选以注射剂的形式施用。所述注射可优选在相应的皱纹中或其附近进行,其中眉间皱纹是优选的。注射优选为皮下注射。
本发明的进一步主题是用于治疗与肌肉或外分泌腺过度活跃的胆碱能神经支配相关的疾病或病症的本发明组合物,其中施用20至1500单位,优选100至800单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素。
如本文使用的,术语“过度活跃的胆碱能神经支配”涉及突触,其特征在于异常高量的乙酰胆碱释放到突触间隙内。“异常高”涉及例如相对于参考活性例如高达25%、高达50%或更多的增加,所述参考活性可通过例如比较释放与在相同类型但不处于过度活跃状态的突触处的释放而获得,其中肌肉肌张力障碍可指示过度活跃状态。“高达25%”意指例如约1%至约25%。用于执行所需测量的方法是本领域已知的。
与肌肉或外分泌腺过度活跃的胆碱能神经支配相关的示例性疾病或病症包括例如弗雷综合征、鳄鱼泪综合征、腋下多汗症、足底多汗症、头颈多汗症、身体多汗症、鼻漏、帕金森氏病、肌萎缩侧索硬化、多涎、垂涎、流涎、痉挛状况和腭肌阵挛、肌阵挛、肌纤维颤搐、僵直、良性肌肉痉挛、遗传性下巴颤抖、反常性下颌肌肉活动、半侧咀嚼肌痉挛、肥大型鳃肌病、嚼肌肥大、胫骨前肌肥大、眼球震颤、振动幻视、核上凝视麻痹、持续状态部分性癫痫、痉挛性斜颈手术计划、展肌声带麻痹、顽固性突变性发音障碍、上食道括约肌功能障碍、声带肉芽肿、口吃、抽动秽语综合征、中耳肌阵挛、保护性喉闭合、喉切除术后言语失败、保护性上睑下垂、睑内翻、奥狄氏括约肌功能障碍、假性食道弛缓不能、非失弛缓性食道运动障碍、阴道痉挛、术后卧床、震颤、膀胱功能障碍、半面痉挛、神经支配恢复术运动障碍、僵人综合征、破伤风、前列腺增生、肥胖治疗、婴儿大脑性麻痹、失弛缓症和肛裂。
在一个实施例中,用于治疗与肌肉或外分泌腺过度活跃的胆碱能神经支配相关的疾病或病症的本发明组合物可优选肠胃外施用,优选以注射剂的形式施用。所述注射可优选在身体的相应部位中或其附近进行。注射优选为肌内或皮下注射。
在一个优选实施例中,本发明的组合物在施用后在施用部位处保留高达24小时。这意味着一旦施用,组合物在24小时内从注射部位去除、降解和/或代谢。进一步地,优选本发明的组合物在施用后在施用部位处保留至少10小时,即在一个优选实施例中,本发明组合物在施用后在施用部位处存在至少10小时至24小时,优选至少11小时至22小时,更优选至少12小时至20小时。
在本发明组合物的一个优选实施例中,A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素在施用后12小时内释放。来自本发明组合物的A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素的释放为在12小时内至少50%,即50%至100%,优选至少60%,更优选至少70%,还更优选至少80%,尤其是至少90%。在上述时期内来自组合物的A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素释放确保A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素可用于相应的神经细胞,而不会由于毒素的全身去除而显著丧失功效。这意味着与US 2012/0141532的教导相反,本发明的组合物不是在施用部位处保持数周或更长时间的储库制剂。相反,本发明基于如下概念:与US 2012/0141532相比,即使毒素在相当短的时间段内释放,也可获得肉毒杆菌神经毒素的延长效应。
与本发明相反,目前可用的肉毒杆菌的非延长释放组合物通常每6至12周应用一次。肉毒杆菌毒素的这种频繁应用一般是不期望的,例如,这种频繁应用据报道会产生抵抗。例如,由于中和抗体的存在,据报道发生次级无应答者。
因此,在另一个优选实施例中,本发明的组合物以更有利的剂量方案施用。本发明的组合物可优选每四至九个月,优选每五至七个月,更优选约每六个月施用一次。然而,与上述现有技术相比,本发明组合物不是基于形成肉毒杆菌神经毒素持续释放的储库。相反,如上所述,肉毒杆菌优选在12小时内从组合物中释放,并被神经细胞吸收。进一步地,也如上所述,在约24小时后,本发明组合物的剩余部分开始降解或被全身抽空,使得在几天内,本发明组合物的任何部分都不留在施用部位处。
本发明的进一步主题是用于美容上平滑或预防哺乳动物的皱纹的方法,优选地,皱纹是广泛的模仿活动的结果,所述方法包括
(i)施用本发明的组合物,和
(ii)在4至9个月后重复施用。
皱纹可被视为皮肤中的褶皱、嵴或褶痕。作为广泛的模拟活动的结果的皱纹可基本上指在相应的哺乳动物,优选人类的面部中可见的皱纹。皱纹的例子包括沟、眉间纹、鱼尾纹、颊连合处、下颌纹、口周皱纹、颊褶皱、木偶纹、唇纹、前额皱纹、皱眉纹、兔纹(bunnyline)、鼻唇沟、眼下皱纹和下巴褶皱。施用本发明的组合物的步骤(i)可优选包括施用本发明组合物/注射。注射可优选用注射针进行,优选注射针尺寸为27至35号,优选30至33号。本发明组合物可优选在相应皱纹的部位中或其附近注射。注射可为皮下或肌内注射,特别是皮下注射。优选地,将本发明的组合物施用到皱眉纹、水平纹、鱼尾纹、口周褶皱、下巴纹(mental cease)、popply下巴和/或颈阔肌带。
肉毒杆菌毒素可在治疗的同一天或在后一天施用。例如,在第一次治疗期间,可施用剂量的第一部分。该第一部分优选为亚最佳部分,即不完全去除皱纹或皮纹线的部分。在一次或多次治疗期间,可施用总剂量的剩余部分。
在4至9个月后重复施用的步骤(ii)可优选包括施用本发明组合物,应用与上述相同的条件/装置。通过重复施用本发明组合物,可以使细胞获得进一步剂量的肉毒杆菌毒素,并且相应的皮肤优选保持美容上平滑的状态。在一个替代实施例中,在5至7或5至8个月后重复施用。
在本方法的一个优选实施例中,待施用的本发明组合物包含40至55单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素。更优选地,可使用42至52、43至49、44至48、或45至47单位或其任何组合,例如43至50单位。本领域常用于平滑或预防皱纹的方法包括施用约20单位的神经毒素。含有较高量的神经毒素的组合物的使用据报道显著增强不希望有的副作用,例如下垂如眼睑下垂的风险。然而,在本方法中,可能不会观察到这种负面的副作用,并且可以使细胞获得更高量的神经毒素,从而导致延长的功效。类似于上面给出的解释,在本美容方法中,A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素优选在12小时内从本发明组合物中释放。
本发明的进一步主题是本发明组合物用于平滑或预防皱纹(优选地,皱纹为模仿活动的结果)的美容用途,其中所应用的组合物包含40至55单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型神经毒素。更优选地,可使用42至52、43至49、44至48、或45至47单位或其任何组合,例如,43至50单位。
如上所述,据报道现有技术组合物当在美容上用于平滑或预防皱纹时,含有约20单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素。通过所应用的组合物中含有的大量的40至55单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,优选A型神经毒素,可用于相应的细胞,并且本发明组合物用于平滑或预防皱纹的使用确保延长应用本发明组合物的神经毒素的效果。
本发明可通过下述实例来说明:
实例
1.组合物的制备
实例1
制备组合物的两个亚基。
亚基1:用1ml 0.9%盐水重构含有50单位的A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素、25mg人血清白蛋白(HAS)和1.18mg蔗糖的冻干物。
亚基2:提供含有1ml水、14mg平均分子量为约3.8kD的非交联的透明质酸、34mg甘露醇、3.0mg甘油、0.6mg磷酸盐缓冲液的溶液。
将亚基混合,使得1ml所得到的含水组合物各自含有:
参考例
参考组合物如下获得:用1ml 0.9%盐水重构含有50单位的A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素、25mg人血清白蛋白(HAS)和1.18mg蔗糖的冻干物。
因此,所得到的含水组合物各自含有:
2.功效的比较
2.1将两组各10只小鼠分别用0.8ml根据参考例的组合物或1.6ml根据实例1的组合物注射到右腓肠肌内,两个实例均含有40单位的A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素。在任一组中均未观察到死亡率。在两组中在第2-10天出现轻微的全身毒性征象,程度相同。
如从图1可见的,最高得分是4(DAS得分),指示后爪完全瘫痪。从麻痹发作到最大麻痹的时间为一天。在小鼠中达到EC 50水平(DAS得分2)的麻痹持续时间对于参考组合物为约12天,并且对于本发明的组合物为约30天。因此,通过本发明的组合物提供了出乎意料的延长效果,而不增加副作用。
2.2重复根据上述项目2.1的比较,其中用本发明组合物处理的小鼠用2.5ml根据实例1的组合物,即62.5单位的A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素进行注射。在任一组中均未观察到死亡率。在两组中在第2-10天出现轻微的全身毒性征象,程度相同。
图2示出了通过本发明组合物提供的延长效果,而不增加副作用。
Claims (15)
1.组合物,其包含:
a)肉毒杆菌神经毒素
b)平均分子量为2.5MDa至4.5MDa的非交联的透明质酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述肉毒杆菌神经毒素是A型肉毒杆菌神经毒素。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述非交联的透明质酸的多分散指数为1.1至4.0。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其包含2至4单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素或20至40单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素/毫克非交联的透明质酸。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物还包含
c)盐,
d)任选的神经毒素稳定剂,
e)结晶抑制剂,
f)缓冲液,和/或
g)自由基清除剂。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,所述组合物当在25℃和使用1Hz的振荡频率下测定时具有1.5至4Pa·s的动态粘度。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的组合物,其用于治疗或预防肌张力障碍,其中施用200至500单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素。
8.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的组合物,其用于治疗或预防痉挛状态,其中施用500至1000单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素。
9.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的组合物,其用于预防或治疗皱纹,其中施用40至50单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物在应用后保留在施用部位长达24小时。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述肉毒杆菌神经毒素在12小时内释放。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物每4至9个月施用一次。
13.用于在美容上平滑或预防哺乳动物的皱纹的方法,优选地,皱纹是广泛的模仿活动的结果,所述方法包括:
(i)施用根据权利要求1至6所述的组合物,和
(ii)在4至9个月后重复所述施用。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述组合物包含40至50单位的肉毒杆菌神经毒素。
15.根据权利要求1至6所述的组合物的美容用途,其用于平滑或预防皱纹,优选地,皱纹是模仿活动的结果,其中所应用的组合物包含40至50单位的肉毒杆菌。
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EP3423084B1 (en) | 2021-09-01 |
RU2743746C2 (ru) | 2021-02-25 |
BR112018014445A2 (pt) | 2018-12-11 |
WO2017148915A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
MX2018008855A (es) | 2018-11-29 |
JP2019507118A (ja) | 2019-03-14 |
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SG11201805195YA (en) | 2018-07-30 |
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JP2024116336A (ja) | 2024-08-27 |
RU2018123197A3 (zh) | 2020-04-13 |
US20190060422A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
RU2018123197A (ru) | 2020-04-02 |
AU2017227978B2 (en) | 2022-03-10 |
JP2022130574A (ja) | 2022-09-06 |
CA3010146A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
US11969461B2 (en) | 2024-04-30 |
AU2017227978A1 (en) | 2018-07-19 |
ES2893838T3 (es) | 2022-02-10 |
KR20180114891A (ko) | 2018-10-19 |
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