CN108450472A - Careless corruption edible mushroom bacteria developing period disease prevention and control matrix modifier and application method - Google Patents
Careless corruption edible mushroom bacteria developing period disease prevention and control matrix modifier and application method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention belongs to edible mushroom pest and disease damage green prevention and control technical field, specially careless corruption edible mushroom bacteria developing period disease prevention and control matrix modifier and application method, including chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, Chitosan poly oligosaccharide, calcium propionate, according to mass ratio 5:5:1 proportioning.Raw material mixes well, it is diluted to base material improvement agent solution with pure water, quality of pure water is 800 1000 times of raw material, for tunnel fermentation or traditional zymotic, in the last time turning of secondary fermentation, it uniformly sprays in base material improvement agent solution to fermentation material, every cubic metre of fermentation material matrix modifier dosage is 550 grams；Then the fermentation material of addition matrix modifier go to bed stone inoculation.It is broad-spectrum high efficacy of the present invention, nontoxic residue-free, green safe, it is easy to use and of low cost, it is effectively improved the physicochemical character and probiotics environment of substrate material, induces mycelial disease resistance, the effect of immune and dissipation generated to a variety of fungies, bacterium and virus, preventive effect is up to 99.9% or more.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to edible mushroom pest and disease damage green prevention and control technical field, specially careless corruption edible mushroom bacteria developing period disease is anti-
Control matrix modifier and application method.
Background technology
Careless corruption edible mushroom is a major class for edible mushroom, includes mainly White mushroom, straw mushroom, coprinus comatus, Stropharia rugoso-annulata, Brazil
Mushroom etc..Be one kind with breeding waste feces of livestock and poultry (feces of livestock and poultry such as cow dung, chicken manure, pig manure, sheep manure) and crop material (water
Rice, wheat, corn, peanut and other crops stalk) it is that major ingredient adds the auxiliary materials such as dregs of beans, maize flour, wheat bran, lime through microbial fermentation
Made of a kind of edible mushroom for growing in cultivation matrix.
The growth of careless corruption edible mushroom includes nutrient growth and physiological growth.Nutrient growth, that is, mycelial growth, also known as sends out
The bacterium phase is basis and the critical period of careless corruption edible fungus culturing, and the quality of bacterium germination directly affects the yield and quality of fruiting, certainly
Determine the success or failure of cultivation.Therefore effective prevention and control of bacteria developing period disease are just particularly important in straw rotting fungus is cultivated.
According to incompletely statistics, competitive miscellaneous bacteria, bacterium and the viral species of careless corruption edible mushroom bacteria developing period disease is caused to reach
More than 50 kinds.Various pathogens are invaded in the different growth phase of edible mushroom, particularly bacteria developing period and edible mushroom contention nutrition and space
The normal health growth of evil mycelium.Therefore the national cultivation matrix for having 20% or more every year is scrapped, direct economic loss is up to 10,000,000,000
It is more than member.
Domestic and foreign literature data is shown, for the green prevention and control skill of the especially careless corruption edible mushroom bacteria developing period disease of edible mushroom
Art research is very few, mainly uses for reference, transplants the green prevention and control technology of field crop, but the cultivation of edible mushroom has its particularity, food
With inherently a kind of macro fungi of bacterium, the microorganism species such as it and other disease fungus, bacterium, virus are easy symbiosis.It is careless rotten
Substrate fermentation material, the cover soil material of edible mushroom are also the hotbed of pathogenic fungi, suitable for the growth and propagation of pathogen.Due to careless rotten
Property edible mushroom using excrement grass as Cultivation use, culturing raw material type is more, quantity is big, matrix formulations are complicated and changeable and technical strong, base
Matter zymotechnique lag, yeasting are difficult to be precisely controlled, and cause cultivation matrix fermented quality difference and nutrient imbalance, and then cause
Bacteria developing period disease seriously occurs.In addition, straw rotting fungus, unlike other domestomycetes, cultivation matrix can be cultivated by high pressure sterilization clinker.
Therefore especially there are certain difficulty for green prevention and control for careless corruption edible mushroom bacteria developing period disease prevention and control.It is edible in current domestic careless corruption
In bacteria cultivation practice, the severe toxicity such as carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, DDVP are mainly added in bacteria developing period disease prevention and control in fermentation material
High residue insecticidal bactericide, although achieving certain protection effect, due to the hypertoxic persistent pesticide of unreasonable abuse, not only
Production cost is increased, so that diseases and insect pests of edible mushroom is generated drug resistance, Product quality and safety and ecological environment is also resulted in seriously
It destroys.In recent years, as the scientific and technical innovation of mushroom industry and foreign advanced technology are equipped, innovation cultivation matrix hair is promoted
Ferment facility, as tunnel storehouse is fermented.Tunnel storehouse fermentation energy significantly improves the fermented quality of matrix, bacteria developing period Disease management 3% with
It is interior, but tunnel storehouse fermentation construction cost is high, needs mating heavy mechanical equipment, and can only be confined to a small number of large-scale White mushroom enterprises makes
With if other farmers purchase batch production tunnel storehouse fermentation substrate, virtually increases planting cost, affects the cultivation of mushroom grower
Train benefit and enthusiasm.
Invention content
For the shortcomings and deficiencies of above-mentioned straw rotting fungus bacteria developing period disease control measure, the present invention is in the careless corruption food of abundant investigation
It is incision with disease species, pests occurrence rule, infection mechanism and route of transmission with bacterium bacteria developing period disease on the basis of a situation arises
Point filters out green safe, nontoxic, noresidue raw materials of compound, is configured to a kind of green prevention and control grass corruption edible mushroom bacteria developing period
The matrix modifier of disease.
Technical scheme of the present invention：
Careless corruption edible mushroom bacteria developing period disease prevention and control matrix modifier includes mainly following raw material components：Chlorine bromine isocyanide is urinated
Acid, Chitosan poly oligosaccharide, calcium propionate, according to mass ratio 5:5:1 proportioning.
The effective content of each raw material is respectively：50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid；100% Chitosan poly oligosaccharide；100% calcium propionate.
Raw material chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, Chitosan poly oligosaccharide, calcium propionate mix well, and it is molten to be diluted to matrix modifier with pure water
Liquid, quality of pure water are 800-1000 times of raw material, for tunnel fermentation or traditional zymotic, are turned in the last time of secondary fermentation
It when heap, uniformly sprays in base material improvement agent solution to fermentation material, every cubic metre of fermentation material matrix modifier dosage is 550 grams；So
The fermentation material of addition matrix modifier to be gone to bed stone afterwards, thickness is inoculated at 20 centimetres or so when material temperature is down to 25 DEG C or so,
Every square metre of inoculum concentration 400g or so, strain require mycelia it is dense it is white it is healthy and strong, vitality is strong, without degenerate, without living contaminants, from regular
It is qualified to be bought for kind of unit.Subsequently into normal bacterium germination management.
To ensure the effect of modifying agent, the requirement using matrix modifier to culturing raw material, home environment and cultivating facility：
Culturing raw material crop material, such as wheat straw, straw, corn stalk, corncob etc., it is desirable that fresh dried, without go mouldy, nothing
Worm's ovum is prewetted 2 days after machine rolls, and water content is up to 75% or more.Feces of livestock and poultry, such as chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure, it is desirable that new
Fresh free from admixture uses after no worm's ovum, crushed after being dried of being exposed to the sun, sieving impurity elimination.
Home environment should select ecological environment is good, water quality is excellent, without poisonous and harmful pollution sources；Production district is answered with living area
It strictly disjoints；Rationalization partition is answered in the rickyard of production district, the production of hybrid seeds, fermentation, bacterium germination and fruiting area, warehouse area.Every season cultivation terminates
It clears up bacterium germination material and roach in time afterwards, to fruiting environment strict sterilization, and carries out the innoxious cycle profit of germ bran biological matter resource
With.
Cultivating facility should build flat topography, well-ventilated, the place convenient for draining in.Environment clean hygiene in facility, temperature,
Wet, gas, light are controllable, erection of doors and windows buffering between and fly net.
The raw material that the present invention uses：
50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid is white powder or granular solids, good water solubility, be a kind of New-type wide-spectrum, efficiently,
The Some Oxidizing Disinfectants of safety, can effective purifying water body rapidly, to various fungies, bacterium (gemma or brood body), virus and algae
The harmful microorganisms such as class have strength dissipation and inhibiting effect.Strong with sterilizing power, stability is good, and safety and low toxicity do not generate dirt
Dye, convenient for storage transport, it is easy to use the features such as.
Chitosan poly oligosaccharide is that the chitin (chitin) being widely present by nature is passed through by deacetylated obtained chitosan
The oligosaccharide product for the advantages that degree of polymerization is water-soluble preferable, function is big, bioactivity is high between 2-20 is planted made of degradation.
Pest and disease damage can be prevented, flora in fermentation material is changed, promotes the growth of beneficial bacterium, mycelial disease resistance is also can induce, to a variety of
Fungi, bacterium and virus generate immune and killing effect, have suction-operated to the heavy metal in cultivation matrix.
Calcium propionate is white lightweight flakey crystal, particle or powder, soluble easily in water, be the World Health Organization (WHO) and
Novel, the safe efficient reliable food-grade bacteria mildew-proof agent of one kind that FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO) approval uses.To careless rotten
All kinds of moulds, saccharomycete, gram-Negative bacillus or aerobic bacillus etc. in property edible fungus cultivation matrix have stronger suppression
It makes and uses.The calcium ion that calcium propionate decomposes simultaneously is also the required calcium constituent of mycelia growth, promotes edible mushroom mycelium growth fast
And healthy and strong, effective protection and raising edible mushroom mycelium anti pathologic immunity power.
Grass corruption edible mushroom bacteria developing period disease prevention and control matrix modifier provided by the invention, broad-spectrum high efficacy, nontoxic residue-free,
Green safe, easy to use and of low cost, every cubic metre of substrate culture material puts into only 4 yuan or so.Either tunnel fermentation material
Or traditional zymotic material adds the physicochemical character and probiotics environment that can effectively improve substrate material after this matrix modifier, lures
Mycelial disease resistance is led, generating immune and dissipation to a variety of fungies, bacterium and virus acts on, to the heavy metal in cultivation matrix
There is suction-operated.Mycelia bacterium germination is fast after addition, growing way is strong, can shift to an earlier date 4-6 days and complete bacteria developing period, shorten the bacterium germination time, reduces
Disease chance of occurrence, while the cultivation period of straw rotting fungus is shortened, improve the anniversary utilization rate of mushroom house.Fructification commodity
Good, protection effect is up to 99.9% or more, output increased 15-25%, energy-saving and emission-reduction, and upgrading synergy fundamentally solves grass
The generation of corruption edible mushroom bacteria developing period disease, economic, ecology and social benefit significantly improve.
Specific implementation mode
It is described in conjunction with the embodiments the specific technical solution of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：Matrix modifier tests the control effect of bacteria developing period disease in White mushroom tunnel fermentation material
Test period and place：This experiment is in September, 2016 to December in the mushroom industrialized production base of Shen county of Shandong's a pair of spore
Ground carries out.
Test material：Experimental cultivar is agaricus bisporus W192, by Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences's agricultural resource and Environmental Studies
Made offer；Culturing raw material is bought by base enterprise and is provided, and matrix formulations are：Dry cow dung 50% or so, dry wheat stalk
45%, cake fertilizer 1.5%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, gypsum 1%, lime 2%.Cultivating facility is intelligent controllable mushroom house, tier rack type
Cultivation.
Test method：The fermentation of this test matrix material uses tunnel-type fermenting, and specific embodiment is in accordance with tunnel fermentation technique.
The preparation of matrix modifier is with application method in accordance with foregoing invention content.Experiment sets 2 processing, respectively handles T1：It sends out in tunnel
Ferment material is not added with matrix modifier；Handle T2：Tunnel fermentation material adds matrix modifier.Often handle 10m2, 3 repetitions are often handled,
Random alignment.Mycelium growth vigor and speed, occurring degree are observed and recorded, fructification commodity counts the first two damp mushroom total output, makes even
Mean value.And benefit comparison analysis is carried out, such as table 1.
1 different disposal of table is to White mushroom bacterium germination, diseases prevention, the influence of fructification character, yield and benefit
Remarks：1, " ++ " indicates the pure white light of fructification, mellow and full, there is brown scab individually；" +++ " indicates that fructification is pure white
Light, mellow and full, almost disease-free spot；2, increase by 26 yuan/m of benefit2=increase yield 2.7Kg/m210 yuan/Kg- of × fresh goods reference price
Modifying agent converts 1 yuan/m of cost2。
Interpretation of result：Equally it is tunnel-type fermenting material by table 1 as it can be seen that by taking White mushroom factory culture as an example, when addition base
After quality improving agent, mycelium growing way is good, and bacterium germination is fast, can complete bacteria developing period within 4 days in advance, shorten the bacterium germination time, reduce disease
The chance of generation, while the entire cultivation period of White mushroom can be shortened, the anniversary utilization rate of intelligent greenhouse is improved, base is added
Protection effect is up to 99.9% after quality improving agent, and volume increase 15%, commodity is good, deducts every square metre of plantation effect of matrix modifier cost
Benefit improves 26 yuan.
Embodiment 2：Matrix modifier is in straw mushroom traditional zymotic material to the control effect of bacteria developing period disease
Test period and place：This experiment is carried out in June, 2016 to August in one straw mushroom scale farmer of Jining of Shandong Province.
Test material：Experimental cultivar is straw mushroom Vp53, by Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment's system
It provides；Culturing raw material is bought by farmer and is provided, and matrix formulations are：Dried poultrymanure 30% or so, dry wheat stalk 60%, cake fertilizer
3.5%, urea 0.5%, gypsum 1%, lime 5%；Cultivating facility is simple controllable mushroom house, tier rack type cultivation fruiting.
Test method：The fermentation of this experiment substrate material builds the fermentation of heap formula using tradition, and specific embodiment builds heap in accordance with tradition
Formula fermentation technique；The preparation of matrix modifier is with application method in accordance with foregoing invention content；Experiment sets 2 processing, respectively locates
Manage T1：Traditional zymotic material is not added with matrix modifier；Handle T2：Traditional zymotic material adds matrix modifier.Often handle 10m2, often locate
Manage 3 repetitions, random alignment.Mycelium growth vigor and speed, occurring degree are observed and recorded, fructification commodity counts the first two damp mushroom
Total output is averaged.And benefit comparison analysis is carried out, such as table 2.
2 different disposal of table is to straw mushroom bacterium germination, diseases prevention, the influence of fructification character, yield and benefit
Remarks：1, " ++ " indicates the full consolidation of fructification, partly there is brown scab；" +++ " indicate fructification it is complete it is full,
Consolidation is flexible, few scabs；2, increase by 46 yuan/m of benefit2=increase yield 3Kg/m215 yuan/Kg- of × fresh goods reference price changes
1 yuan/m of good dose of conversion cost2+ save 2 yuan/m of pesticide cost2。
Interpretation of result：Equally it is conventional fermentation mode, when base as can be seen from Table 2, by taking the fermentation cultivation of straw mushroom traditional type as an example
After quality improving agent replaces chemical pesticide addition cultivation matrix, mycelium growing way is good, and bacterium germination is fast, can complete bacteria developing period, contracting within 5 days in advance
The short bacterium germination time, reduce the chance of disease generation, while the entire cultivation period of straw mushroom can be shortened, matrix modifier replaces
For protection effect after chemical pesticide up to 99.9%, volume increase 25%, commodity is good, and every square metre of planting benefit improves 46 yuan.
Claims (3)
1. careless corruption edible mushroom bacteria developing period disease prevention and control matrix modifier, which is characterized in that include mainly following raw material components：Chlorine
Bromine isocyanuric acid, Chitosan poly oligosaccharide, calcium propionate, according to mass ratio 5:5:1 proportioning.
2. grass corruption edible mushroom bacteria developing period disease prevention and control matrix modifier according to claim 1, which is characterized in that each
The effective content of the raw material is respectively：50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid；100% Chitosan poly oligosaccharide；100% calcium propionate.
3. the application method of grass corruption edible mushroom bacteria developing period disease prevention and control matrix modifier according to claim 1, special
Sign is, includes the following steps：Raw material chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, Chitosan poly oligosaccharide, calcium propionate mix well, and base is diluted to pure water
Quality improving agent solution, quality of pure water are 800-1000 times of raw material, for tunnel fermentation or traditional zymotic, in secondary fermentation
It when last time turning, uniformly sprays in base material improvement agent solution to fermentation material, every cubic metre of fermentation material matrix modifier dosage
It is 550 grams；Then the fermentation material of addition base material improvement agent solution is gone to bed stone, for being inoculated with.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1451275A (en) * | 2002-04-16 | 2003-10-29 | 张炎勋 | Fungicide for edible fungus |
| CN102746039A (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2012-10-24 | 杜柏树 | Formula for inducing budding of Pleurotus geesteranus and preparation method thereof |
| CN102924179B (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2014-04-16 | 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 | Application of chitosan-oligosaccharide containing composition in production of edible fungi |
-
2018
- 2018-05-09 CN CN201810436089.4A patent/CN108450472A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1451275A (en) * | 2002-04-16 | 2003-10-29 | 张炎勋 | Fungicide for edible fungus |
| CN102746039A (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2012-10-24 | 杜柏树 | Formula for inducing budding of Pleurotus geesteranus and preparation method thereof |
| CN102924179B (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2014-04-16 | 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 | Application of chitosan-oligosaccharide containing composition in production of edible fungi |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘克均: "《食用菌病虫螨害防治指南》", 31 August 1999, 中国盲文出版社 * |
| 毕旺华等: "壳寡糖对真姬菇菌丝体生长的影响", 《北方园艺》 * |
| 袁建平: "壳寡糖对杏鲍菇液体菌种活性的影响", 《安徽农业科学》 * |
| 袁建平等: "壳寡糖在黑木耳生产中的应用", 《北方园艺》 * |
| 袁建平等: "壳寡糖对平菇液体菌种活性的影响", 《廊坊师范学院学报(自然科学版)》 * |
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