CN1083859C - 在弹性基底上形成具有降低摩擦的涂层的方法 - Google Patents
在弹性基底上形成具有降低摩擦的涂层的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及在弹性体基底上形成附着牢固、具有硬弹性并降低摩擦的涂层的方法,在该方法中,用水解并缩合通式为R1Si(OR’)3(I)的硅烷而形成的溶胶进行涂敷,并使该涂层硬化成凝胶,式中R1表示一个环氧丙氧基或巯基官能基,R’表示一个低级烷基。这个方法特别适用于橡胶表面涂层,例如对橡胶刮水器刷涂层。
Description
已经知道弹性体是具有橡胶弹性的聚合物,在室温下将其拉长到其正常长度的数倍,实际上可以完全复原,正是因为这种特性,在技术上被广泛的应用。除了弹性之外,重要的常常是其在一些应用中的摩擦阻力,例如,应用于汽车轮胎和鞋底时,要求摩擦力尽可能高,在其他应用中,例如作为汽车挡风玻璃刮水器橡胶时,却要求摩擦阻力尽可能低。
对于刮水器刷,技术上提出了很高的又部分矛盾的要求。一方面它必须如此硬且稳定,使之在实际工作状态下尽可能长地保持机械应力而无损坏。但另一方面它又必须有足够的弹性,以便能在整个挡风玻璃的扫过面上传播尽可能相等的压力。此外,在湿摩擦,尤其干摩擦下对玻璃的摩擦阻力应尽可能地小,从而一方面尽可能地降低刮水器的机械负荷,也能够以尽可能小的能量进行运转,另一方面,特别是在擦干燥的玻璃时可以避免粘滑脱效应。已经知道,进行后处理可以降低橡胶的摩擦阻力,例如掺入滑石或者硬脂酸锌等较硬物质或进行一种化学后处理,如用卤素,硫酸或高猛酸钾处理。用氯元素进行氯化处理属于广泛流行的后处理方法。然而这种后处理方法与健康和安全风险相关,是不能令人满意的再重复,并恶化材料的理化特性,例如降低抗臭氧稳定性,加速材料疲劳并增加磨损。
此外还知道,用表面涂层可以降低摩擦阻力,或借此改善滑动性。这种方法特别适用于氯化不起作用的弹性体,如乙烯-丙烯二烯共聚物。涂层可以由软化调整的上述共聚物组成,但其基底大部分为滑动性极好的氟有机化合物,如聚四氟乙烯。但全氟化聚合物不能牢固地附着在基底上,以至于有时需要代价高昂的前处理,以保证它牢牢附着在基底上。此外,全氟化聚合物软,因而表面易于损坏,从而显著影响所涉及部件,如刮水器或密封件的功能。
柰斯等人(Synthesis and Properties of Transparent ZrO2 Containing SiO2Polymethacrylate Polymers,SPIE Vol.1328 Sol-Gel Optics[1990],S.258ff)提出一种方法,在该方法中使用一种由3-甲基丙烯酸硅氧烷、丙氧化锆和甲基丙烯酸组成的溶胶作为涂料。经过迅速聚合在无机构架旁形成稳定的有机物网络。锆包在两者中。这种无机一有机聚合物也称作有机改性陶瓷,然而其相当脆,并且不能令人满意地附着在橡胶表面上。再者,丙氧化锆是相当昂贵的原材料。
本发明的优点
本发明的硬弹性材料涂层可以显著降低弹性体对玻璃的湿摩擦阻力和干摩擦阻力,很好地附着在橡胶表面上,弹性好并有足够的耐磨性。因此尤其适用于由橡胶构成的刮水器刷涂层。这种涂层可以把非氯化橡胶的摩擦阻力降低到相当于氯化橡胶的水平,而进一步显著降低氯化橡胶已经较低的摩擦阻力。这种制备本发明涂层所需要的材料价格低廉,市场上容易大量买到。从环境保护出发,不需要化学物质。如氯和氯化烃。这种方法是不昂贵的,并且在工艺上使用常用设备和工艺。这种方法可靠,也就是说产生能再现的结果。
发明的描述
尤其是橡胶,还有用较小量硫以已知工艺硫化的天然橡胶、聚氯丁二烯等制品属于按照本发明能进行有效涂敷的弹性基底。可以直接用于按本发明的方法,或者事先以本文提到的方法进行表面处理、如进行氯化。按照本发明制造的弥散硬化涂层是像柰斯等所描述的材料一样的无机一有机组合物,也称作有机改性陶瓷,但没有前述的缺点。本发明方法的第一步是由硅烷制备溶胶。此处所说硅烷指通式为R1Si(OR’)3(I)的烷氧基硅烷。式中R1表示一个环氧丙氧官能基或一个巯基官能基,R’表示一个低级烷基,尤其是有1至4个碳原子的烷基,特别是甲基。环氧丙氧官能基R1一般为具有1至8个碳原子的环氧丙氧取代烷基。优选的具有环氧丙氧官能基R1的硅烷是3-环氧丙氧丙基-1-三甲氧基硅烷(GPTS),巯基官能基R1一般为具有2至8个碳原子的巯烷基。优选的巯烷基为3-巯丙基,优选的具有巯基官能基R1的硅烷是3-巯丙基-1-三甲氧基硅烷。
把硅烷(I)转变为溶胶的第一步是水解反应,在反应中由烷氧基生成羟基,这些羟基在除水的情况下重新与其他羟基进行缩合反应,在除醇的情况下重新与烷氧基进行缩合反应。缩合反应生成硅氧烷结构。这里水解反应和缩合反应同时进行。当然,在紧随的溶胶硬化成凝胶,在形成高网络状硅氧烷结构时才完成缩合反应。为了水解,合乎目的是使用含水稀酸,如0.1N盐酸,如果用化学计算量的水(3摩尔水/摩尔硅烷)或完全过量水进行环氧丙氧基硅烷的水解,则一部分环氧环被酸催化成二醇,因此不能参与以后的硬化过程中的加聚作用,导致弹性损失。因此推荐以低于化学计算量的水,例如以半化学计算量的水进行反应。这样缩合反应主要是在羟基与烷氧基之间进行,生成醇而抑制环氧环水解。
溶胶反应可以在没有溶剂或稀释剂的条件下进行。如果硅烷(I)或者如下文所述由硅烷(I)和(II)和/或(III)组成的混合物以及必要时还有其他添加材料在选定的反应温度-一般为室温或者稍高或稍低的温度,如-10℃至+60℃下发粘时,可以适当加入一种惰性溶剂或稀释剂,这样,借助溶剂或稀释剂使水解用的水容易混合。与硅烷(I)的烷氧基相对应的醇R’OH特别适合作为溶剂或稀释剂。但是溶剂或稀释剂的用量应使溶胶涂在基底挥发掉溶剂和稀释剂后形成具有所希望厚度的涂层。
溶胶反应较快,一般在15分至5小时结束。
同时使用通式为R2 xSi(OR’)4-x(II)的硅烷促进溶胶对基底的可润湿性,并因此促进在基底上形成相关的均匀涂层。这个效应与取代基R2的疏水性有关。在式中R2代表一个卤化的高级烷基或者低级烷基,然而其中至少一个取代基R2是一个卤化烷基,特别是氟化的烷基。R’代表一个低级烷基,而x表示1-3的整数。硅烷(II)以其烷氧基(n)为基嵌入溶胶的硅氧烷结构中,并通过其(n)疏水性取代基R2改善基底疏水表面的湿润性。特别合适的硅烷(II)是下述的硅烷,在该硅烷中含有一个5至18个碳原子的卤化、尤其是氟化烷基,其中至少50%氢原子被氟取代,以及含有1至4个碳原子的4-x烷氧基,特别是甲基。适用的硅烷(II)有1,1,2,2-四氢十三氟辛基-1-三乙氧基甲硅烷,1,1,2,2,-四氢十三氟辛基-1-甲基-二甲氧基硅烷和1,1,2,2-四氢十七氟癸基-1-三乙氧基甲硅烷。相对硅烷(I),合乎目的的以0.1至10%(摩尔),尤其以0.5至2%(摩尔)的量掺入硅烷(II)。
制备溶胶时可以共同选用的其他原料是通式为R3 xSi(OR’)4-x(III)的硅烷,尤其当采用巯基官能基的硅烷(I)时可以进一步降低摩擦阻力。式中R3代表烷基,特别是有1至18个碳原子的烷基,R1代表较低级烷基,优选是有1至4个碳原子的低级烷基,特别是甲基,x表示1-3的整数。硅烷(III)在必要时以5至40%(摩尔),特别是10至20%(摩尔)范围使用,并以其烷氧基(n)为基嵌入溶胶的硅氧烷构架中。
如果硅烷(I)为环氧丙氧官能基硅烷,则溶胶还可以含有环氧树脂硬化剂。芳香族多羟基化合物,如二元酚如双酚A特别适合作为这样的硬化剂。环氧树脂硬化剂在接着的溶胶硬化过程中促进硅氧烷构架进一步网络化。相对硅烷(I),这种硬化剂合乎目的是以低于化学计算量掺入,例如每摩尔硅烷(I)最多掺入0.4摩尔双酚A。
溶胶中还可含有起强化作用的颗粒无机材料,例如具有纳米级颗粒大小的波美石。对于硅烷(I),以1-20%(重量)的量就可以得到用无机材料强化的高稳定性且弹性足够的网络。已证明具有芳香结构的季铵特别适合充当促进溶胶弥散硬化成凝胶的缩合催化剂。这类合适的胺例如是咪唑,1-甲基咪唑,以及如果也稍微有效的话,是吡啶和异构甲基吡啶。相对硅烷(I),必要时相对硅烷(II)和(III),合乎目的是添加0.1-15%(摩尔)、尤其是2-10%(摩尔)的这种催化剂。
制备溶胶时,可以先加入硅烷(I),室温搅拌下逐渐加入水解所需的水,合乎目的是以稀释的无机酸水溶液加入。然后如果需要,同时或以任意次序加入细颗粒无机材料、环氧树脂硬化剂、缩合催化剂以及硅烷(II)和(III),后二者也会被水解。
必要时溶胶用惰性溶剂和稀释剂根据固体材料含量进行稀释,溶胶的用量和固体材料含量使硬化后的涂层厚度为1至10μm。对于一定的体系,通过预定实验很容易确定溶胶中的溶剂和稀释剂含量与涂层厚度的关系。用常规方法将溶胶涂敷在基底上。这些方法,如所提及的那样,有化学表面处理方法,并在涂敷前用一种溶剂,如乙醇、异丙醇或丙酮清洗表面,并用无油空气吹干。如果制备溶胶使用的硅烷(I)是环氧丙氧官能基硅烷时,特别推荐在清洗后和涂敷之前用经巯硫基官能硅烷,例如巯基官能硅烷(I)处理的溶胶在基底上进行底涂。巯基官能基硅烷促进在溶胶硬化中形成的凝胶附着在基底上。例如浸渍涂敷或离心涂敷(旋转涂敷)适合作为涂敷方法。当然溶胶可以仅涂在接触部分,如刮水器刷的唇部。
溶剂和稀释剂从涂敷的溶胶中挥发,而溶胶弥散硬化成凝胶。这两个过程均可在高温,如50-120℃下在气流中进行。弥散硬化一般进行10分钟至20小时,按要求有利的是1至10个小时,其中由环氧丙氧官能基硅烷(I)构成的涂层硬化速度大于由巯基官能基硅烷(I)的硬化速度。2的另一端浸入油浴4中,以减弱振动。梁杆的支点可自由转动地支承在横杆2a上,并操纵一个应变片5。梁杆2被法码6如此压住,使刮水器刷3以16N/cm的力作用在玻璃片上。转动的玻璃片与刮水器刷3之间的摩擦阻力使梁杆2水平偏移,并对应变片5施加压力。由此发出电信号,强度经放大后在刻度盘上读出。读数(干测)为无单位摩擦系数μT。对于一定支承压力时的一定滑动速度它代表刮水器刷片段3的涂层的特征参数。在刮水器刷片段的中点,圆玻璃片1的滑动速度控制在每秒20厘米。测量在室温下进行,每次按1分钟执行时间读取数值。每作5次测量后用市售的冲洗剂水溶液清洗玻璃圆片1的表面,用脱盐水冲净后擦干,并用无油空气吹干。测量前用异丙醇清洗刮水器刷片段3后用无油加压空气吹干。为了测定湿摩擦系数μN,在玻璃圆片上涂上水。
作为基底使用硫化天然橡胶,氯化硫化天然橡胶、硫化氯丁二烯橡胶及氯化氯丁二烯橡胶。用氯化水以常规方法处理进行氯化。
在实施例中使用的缩写词具有如下含义:
NKu 硫化天然橡胶,没有氯化。
CKu 硫化氯丁二稀橡胶(氯丁橡胶),没有氯化。
NKc 硫化天然橡胶,氯化。
CKc 硫化氯丁二稀橡胶(氯丁橡胶),氯化。
GPTS 3-环氧丙氧基丙基-1-三甲氧基硅烷。
BPA 双酚A。
FTS 1,1,2,2-四氢十三氟辛基-1-三乙氧甲硅烷。
MI 1-甲基咪唑。
MTMO 3-巯丙基-1-三甲氧基硅烷。
MTMO 3-巯丙基-1-三甲氧基硅烷。
MTES 甲基三乙氧基甲硅烷。
PTMS 丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
OTMS 正辛基代三甲氧基硅烷。
ODTMS 十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷。
实施例1 由GPTS/BPA/FTS/MI组成的溶胶。
先在40ml烷杯中加入9.44克GPTS(0.04摩尔),边搅拌边滴入1.08克0.1N盐酸(0.06摩尔),搅拌混合液。45秒后混合液变清,在室温下搅拌12小时。然后,加入3.65克(0.016摩尔)固体BPA。待其溶解后加入0.16克MI(2毫摩尔)和0.20克FTS(0.04毫摩尔),接着再搅拌1小时。用8克2-异丙氧基乙醇稀释。
实施例2 由GPTS/FTS/MI组成的溶胶。
按实施例1的规程进行制备,但此时省略添加BPA的步骤。
实施例3 由GPTS/BPA/波美石/MI组成的溶胶。
先在40ml烧杯中加入9.44d我GPTS(0.04摩尔),边搅拌边滴入3.24克0.1N盐(0.18摩尔)。搅拌混合液,45秒钟后混合液变清,在室温下将混合液搅拌2个小时后加入1.32克(相当11%(重量)、1.00克相当8%(重量)或者0.5克相当4%(重量)的平均粒度为15纳米的波美石。将该混合液搅拌24小时后加入3.65克固体PA(0.016摩尔)、0.16克MI(2.0毫摩尔)和14克1-异丙氧基乙醇,再将混合液搅拌1小时。然后用薄膜式滤器(孔隙大小1.3微米)过滤变清的溶胶。
实施例4 由MTMO/MI组成的溶胶
先在40ml烧杯另中入7.84克MTMO(0.04摩尔),边搅拌边滴入1.08克0.1N盐酸(0.06摩尔)。搅拌混合液,混合液在1分钟后变清。室温下将混合液搅拌2小时后加入0.16克MI(2.0毫摩尔)。将混合液再搅拌1小时,用4克2-异丙氧基乙醇稀释。
实施例5 由MTMO/FTS/MI组成的溶胶
先在40ml烧杯中加入7.84克MTMO(0.04摩尔),边搅拌边滴入1.08克0.1N盐酸(0.06摩尔)。搅拌混合液,在大约1分钟后混合液变清,在室温下搅拌10分钟后加入0.2克FTS(0.04毫摩尔,1%(摩尔)、0.40克FTS(0.08毫摩尔,2%(摩尔)、0.60克FTS(0.12毫摩尔,3%(摩尔)或者0.80克FTS(0.16毫摩尔,4%(摩尔),室温下将混合液再搅拌2小时。然后添加0.16克MI(2.0毫摩尔)。再将混合液搅拌1小时,用4克2-异丙氧基乙醇稀释。
实施例6 由MTMO/波美石组成的溶胶
先在40ml烧杯中加入7.84克MTMO(0.04摩尔),边搅拌边滴入3.24克0.1N盐酸(0.18摩尔)。将混合液搅拌45秒后混合液变清,室温下搅拌10分钟后加入平均粒度为15纳米的1.32克、1克或者0.5克波美石(对应MTMO/波美石的摩尔比分别为1∶0.55、1∶0.4或1∶0.2)。接着搅拌4小时,加入5克1-异丙氧基乙醇稀释,然后用薄膜式过滤器(孔隙大小1.2微米)过滤溶胶。
实施例7 由MTMO/MI及MTES、PTMS、OTMS或ODTMS组成的溶胶
先在40ml烧杯中加入6.27克MTMO(0.032摩尔)和分别为0.08摩尔MTES、PTMS、OTMS或ODTMS,边搅拌边滴入1.08克0.1N盐酸(0.06摩尔)。混合液变清后加入4克乙醇(在加入OTMS和PTMS时)或由3克甲苯和0.15克乙醇组成的混合物(在加入OTMS和ODTMS时),将混合液再搅拌24小时。加入甲苯的作用是避免溶解困难。
基底的涂层及溶胶硬化成凝胶
把各种类型橡胶制成的刮水器刷进行涂敷。用浸有乙醇、异丙醇或丙酮的不起毛的试纸擦拭刮水器刷,然后用无油加压空气吹干。借助基底浸入新配制的10%(重量)MTMO溶于乙醇溶液中所形成的中,将整个基底涂上底涂层,捞出后短暂滴尽溶液后在90℃温度下将基底烘干一小时。
从该刮水器刷上截取用于测定摩擦系数的片段,将片段的唇部按照实施例1至7中所述的被稀释溶胶中,捞出后恒定速度进行短暂滴去溶胶,把刮水器刷在90℃、有循环空气的烘箱中加热,溶剂及稀释剂挥发、溶胶硬化成凝胶。以GPTS为基的溶胶硬化时间为4小时,以MTMO为基的溶胶硬化时间为8小时。所述溶胶要稀释到能得到约5μm厚的涂层的程度。由下表可得知测出的摩擦系数。
表 不同涂层的摩擦系数
涂层 实施例 摩擦系数 基底
μT/μN NKU CKu NKC CKC
未涂敷 - μT 5.6 5.5 2.5 3.4
未涂敷 - μN 1.15 1.15 0.85 0.90
GPTS/BPA/MI含
-0.5MOL%FTS 1 μT 2.2 - 1.5 -
-0.5MOL%FTS 1 μN 0.65 - 0.75 -
-1.0MOL%FTS 1 μT 2.1 - 1.8 -
-1.0MOL%FTS 1 μN 0.55 - 0.70 -
-1.5MOL%FTS 1 μT 2.0 - 1.3 -
-1.5MOL%FTS 1 μN 0.60 - 0.70 -
-2.0MOL%FTS 1 μT 0.65 - 0.65 -
-2.0MOL%FTS 1 μN 0.65 - 0.65 -
-3.0MOL%FTS 1 μT 2.8 - 1.3 -
-3.0MOL%FTS 1 μT 0.50 - 0.65 -
GPTS/FTS/MI 2 μT 3.3 3.0 1.6 1.1*
GPTS/BPA/MI含
-11%波美石 3 μT 2.9 2.3 2.6 1.6
-8%波美石 3 μT 3.0 2.5 3.6 2.3-4%波美石 3 μT 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.0MTMO/MI含-0 Mol%FTS 4 μT 2.3 - 3.0 --0 Mol%FTS 4 μN 0.70 - 0.90 --0 Mol%FTS 5 μT 1.8 - 2.1 -*当涂层稍有波纹时这些值不能降低。表(续)不同涂层的摩擦系数涂层 实施例 摩擦系数 基底
μT/μN NKU CKu NKC CKC-1 MOL% FTS 5 μN 0.55 - 0.65 --2 MOL% FTS 5 μT 1.8 - 1.9 --2 MOL% FTS 5 μN 0.60 - 0.50 --3 MOL% FTS 5 μT 1.6 - 2.0 --3 MOL% FTS 5 μN 0.60 - 0.60 --4 MOL% FTS 5 μT 2.0 - 2.4 --4 MOL% FTS 5 μN 0.55 - 0.60 -MTMO/波美石含摩尔比MTMO:波美石-1∶0.55 3 μT 3.1 - 3.2 --1∶0.4 6 μT 4.0 - 2.4 --1∶0.2 6 μT 3.2 - 2.6 -
MTMO/MI含
20%Mol%
-MTES 7 μT 3.2 - - -
-MTES 7 μN 0.70 - - -
-PTMS 7 μT 3.30 - - -
-PTMS 7 μN 0.60 - - -
-OTMS 7 μT 3.40 - - -
-OTMS 7 μN 0.60 - - -
-ODTMS 7 μT 3.2 - - -
-ODTMS 7 μN 0.60 - - -
用有涂层的与无涂层的刮水器刷进行干摩擦系数比较,可以看出有涂层者摩擦系数明显低。一个例外是GPTS/BPA/MI波美石体系在天然橡胶(NKC)组成的氯化橡胶上形成的涂层,其摩擦系数未见改善。有涂层的刮水器刷的湿摩擦系数都无一例外低于可比较的无涂层的刮水器刷。
Claims (11)
1、在弹性体基底上形成附着牢固、硬弹性的且降低摩擦的涂层的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:(1)水解并缩合通式为R1Si(OR’)3(I)的硅烷以制备溶胶,式中R1表示环氧丙氧基或者巯基官能基,R’表示含有1-4个碳原子的低级烷基;(2)用所述溶胶涂敷基底;(3)溶胶涂层弥散硬化成凝胶。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在制备溶胶时同时使用通式为R2 xSi(OR’)4-x(II)的硅烷,式中R2表示含有5-18个碳原子的卤化高级烷基或者含有1-4个碳原子的低级烷基,附加条件是,R2基中至少一个是含有5-18个碳原子的卤化高级烷基,R’表示含有1-4个碳原子的低级烷基,x代表一个1-3的整数。
3、根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在硅烷(II)中,取代基R2之一是一个高氟化的具有5至18个碳原子的烷基,而取代基R’是具有1至4个碳原子的低级烷基。
4、根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在制备溶胶时同时使用通式为R3 xSi(OR’)4-x(III)的硅烷,式中R3表示烷基,R’表示一个含有1-4个碳原子的低级烷基,而x代表1-3的整数。
5、根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,在硅烷(III)中,取代基R3之一是一个具有1至18个碳原子的烷基,而取代基R’优选是一个具有1至4个碳原子的低级烷基。
6、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,硅烷(I)的取代基R’是环氧丙氧官能基并且溶胶含有环氧树脂硬化剂。
7、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,硅烷(I)的取代基R’是环氧丙氧官能基,并且在涂敷溶胶前在基底上用一种巯基官能硅烷涂底层。
8、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,溶胶中含有细颗粒的无机填料。
9、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,溶胶中含缩合催化剂。
10、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,涂敷时溶胶的用量和固体材料含量使硬化后的涂层厚度为1至10微米。
11、根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述方法涂敷的橡胶刮水器刷。
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DE19506851 | 1995-03-01 | ||
DE19506851.3 | 1995-03-01 | ||
DE19547088A DE19547088A1 (de) | 1995-03-01 | 1995-12-18 | Elastomere mit reibungsvermindernder Beschichtung |
DE19547088.5 | 1995-12-18 |
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CN1083859C true CN1083859C (zh) | 2002-05-01 |
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US (1) | US5766771A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0763071B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3547449B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1083859C (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2153951T3 (zh) |
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US5724671A (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-03-10 | Theders; John B. | Finished swimming caps, and compositions and methods for producing same |
US7037965B2 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2006-05-02 | Acushnet Company | Golf balls comprising glass ionomers, ormocers, or other hybrid organic/inorganic compositions |
US7238122B2 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2007-07-03 | Acushnet Company | Ormocer composites for golf ball components |
US6793592B2 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2004-09-21 | Acushnet Company | Golf balls comprising glass ionomers, or other hybrid organic/inorganic compositions |
DE102007036780A1 (de) * | 2007-08-03 | 2009-02-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines beschichteten Elastomerprofiles, ein Elastomerprofil sowie dessen Verwendung |
KR101684724B1 (ko) * | 2010-04-28 | 2016-12-08 | 페더랄-모굴 에스.아. | 차창 와이퍼 장치 |
CN102081036B (zh) * | 2010-11-19 | 2012-07-25 | 贵阳万江航空机电有限公司 | 雨刮胶条与玻璃摩擦系数测试仪 |
KR102021745B1 (ko) * | 2012-04-27 | 2019-09-17 | 에이지씨 가부시키가이샤 | 부분 가수 분해 축합물, 발잉크제, 네거티브형 감광성 수지 조성물, 경화막, 격벽 및 광학 소자 |
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EP0467406A2 (en) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-01-22 | Dow Corning Toray Silicone Company, Limited | Film-forming organopolysiloxane composition |
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JPS62212442A (ja) * | 1986-03-14 | 1987-09-18 | Nok Corp | 表面被覆されたゴム成形品 |
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- 1996-02-24 JP JP52595196A patent/JP3547449B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-02-24 WO PCT/DE1996/000312 patent/WO1996026972A1/de active IP Right Grant
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JP3547449B2 (ja) | 2004-07-28 |
EP0763071B1 (de) | 2001-01-03 |
EP0763071A1 (de) | 1997-03-19 |
WO1996026972A1 (de) | 1996-09-06 |
JPH09512585A (ja) | 1997-12-16 |
ES2153951T3 (es) | 2001-03-16 |
US5766771A (en) | 1998-06-16 |
CN1148400A (zh) | 1997-04-23 |
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