CN108383872B - 一种-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物及其合成方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物及其合成方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种E‑1,1‑二氟‑3‑磺酰基‑2,4‑戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物,和采用可见光诱导的高区域和高立体选择性的磺酰基化脱氢合成方法,以及所述E‑1,1‑二氟‑3‑磺酰基‑2,4‑戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物作为酶抑制剂以及制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。所述1,1‑二氟‑3‑磺酰基‑2,4‑戊二烯膦酸酯结构式如下式(1)所示:其中:取代基R1为烷基、杂芳基、取代或未取代的芳基。本发明方法是一种绿色、高效、简单、高区域选择性、高立体选择性合成E构型的1,1‑二氟‑3‑磺酰基‑2,4‑戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物的方法,该方法简便、条件温和、底物适用性好,区域和立体选择性高,一次完成两步的反应,目标物的收率可达到32%‑73%,可见光诱导下选择性地在联烯3,4‑位双键上发生磺酰化反应,并进一步脱氢。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物及其合成方法和应用,属于含氟膦酸酯类化合物技术领域。
背景技术
磷酸酯是在生物体内是一类非常重要的物质,它作为蛋白质的调控开关,遗传信息的骨架,在生物体细胞内的信号传递过程中起着关键的作用。然而,磷酸酯类化合物易被体内的磷酸酯酶水解很难稳定存在,因此在药物设计中除了用作前药之外,常被被认为毫无实用价值。随着氟化学的发展,用生物电子等排体原理将磷酸酯中的氧用二氟亚甲基替代得到的二氟亚甲基膦酸酯是一类优良不易水解的天然磷酸酯模拟物。目前为止许多含有二氟亚甲基膦酸酯结构的化合物被设计合成出来,已被证明具有多种酶抑制活性以及抗肿瘤活性如嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶(PNP)抑制剂,HIV-1逆转录酶(HIV-RT)抑制剂、PTP抑制剂、EPSP合成酶抑制剂、磷酸甘油酯酶(PGK)抑制剂等等。
另外砜骨架存在于多种天然产物中,它们在生物活性分子的合成中具有巨大的潜力,在医药、农药和材料化学中有着广泛的应用。因此,从砜类化合物和含氟膦酸酯类化合物的生物活性来看,制备一种新型结构的含有磺酰基的二氟亚甲基膦酸酯类化合物具有非常重要的意义。
虽然现有技术中已有磺酰基取代的含氟膦酸酯类化合物的研究,但是也存在生物活性不够理想,制备工艺复杂和区域选择性和立体选择性差等缺陷。
发明内容
发明目的:针对上述技术问题,本发明目的提供一种(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物及其合成方法。
技术方案:本发明公开了一种(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物,其结构通式如下式(1)所示:
其中:取代基R1为烷基,杂芳基和取代或未取代的芳基。
优选,所述的取代基R1为C3-C7的烷基,苯基或邻、间、对取代的苯基或为含N、O或S的五~十元环的杂芳基。
优选,所述的取代基R1选自丁基,苯基、2-溴苯基、3-吡啶基。
本发明还提供了所述(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯的合成方法,包括以下步骤:以化合物(2)4-甲基-1,1-二氟-2,3-戊二烯膦酸二乙酯为原料,加入磺酰氯化合物(3),铱催化剂和碱,在蓝色可见光照射下发生串联的磺酰化脱氢反应,制得所述(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物,其反应过程如下式表述:
其中化合物(3)中取代基R1为烷基,杂芳基和取代或未取代的芳基。
其中化合物(2)4-甲基-1,1-二氟-2,3-戊二烯膦酸二乙酯的制备可参见文献。
所述铱催化剂为三价铱,优选[Ir(ppy)2dtbbpy]PF6。
所述铱催化剂与4-甲基-1,1-二氟-2,3-戊二烯膦酸二乙酯的摩尔比为(0.02~0.1):1,优选0.03:1。
所述4-甲基-1,1-二氟-2,3-戊二烯膦酸二乙酯与磺酰氯化合物(3)的摩尔比为1:(1~3),优选1:3。
所述磺酰化脱氢反应在碱存在下进行,所述的碱为无机碱,优选NaHCO3。
所述的碱与4-甲基-1,1-二氟-2,3-戊二烯膦酸二乙酯的摩尔比为(0.5~3):1,优选1:1。
所述磺酰化反应在惰性气体气氛中进行。
本发明方法合成的(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物可进一步采用柱层析的方法纯化。
本发明最后还提供了所述(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物作为酶抑制剂以及制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
由于砜类化合物和含氟膦酸酯类化合物都具有生物活性,分子中不仅具有磺酰基而且具有二氟亚甲基膦酸酯的结构单元,还具有立体构型确定的E构型的共轭二烯烃的骨架,使(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物具有更多样的生物活性,如各种酶抑制活性,以及更进一步的抗肿瘤活性。利用本发明方法合成的具有磺酰基的共轭的含氟膦酸酯有望成为一类重要的生物活性化合物。
本发明首先考虑到相对于其它分子间的磺酰化反应,磺酰氯作为磺酰基的提供者更简单易得,4-甲基-1,1-二氟-2,3-戊二烯膦酸二乙酯的可见光诱导的串联的磺酰化脱氢反应更具有意义,并且此发明有着良好的区域选择性和立体选择性以及较高的产率(从串联的两步反应的角度来看),因此考察了[Ir(ppy)2dtbbpy]PF6催化,蓝光照射下磺酰氯与4-甲基-1,1-二氟-2,3-戊二烯膦酸二乙酯串联的磺酰化脱氢反应。
本发明紧密围绕上述科学问题,通过[Ir(ppy)2dtbbpy]PF6,可见光诱导下含氟联烯的磺酰化反应高选择性合成一系列新型磷酸酯模拟物—(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物。
技术效果
相对于现有技术,本发明(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物具备多种酶抑制活性以及抗肿瘤活性,并且合成方法是一种高效、简单、高区域、高立体选择性合成方法,该方法绿色简便、条件温和、产率良好,区域和立体选择性高,磺酰化反应选择性地在联烯3,4位双键上发生并同时发生串联的脱氢反应。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明所述的技术方案给予进一步详细的说明,但有必要指出以下实施例只用于对发明内容的描述,并不构成对本发明保护范围的限制。
根据本发明的(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物的合成方法,以具有上述式(2)结构的联烯与磺酰氯在催化剂[Ir(ppy)2dtbbpy]PF6,可见光诱导下发生串联的磺酰化脱氢反应,生成(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物。所述方法通常在惰性气体气氛中进行,如在N2或Ar气保护下,在反应瓶中加入4-甲基-1,1-二氟-2,3-戊二烯膦酸二乙酯、金属铱催化剂([Ir(ppy)2dtbbpy]PF6)、磺酰氯、碱(如NaHCO3)和溶剂(如乙腈),通常4-甲基-1,1-二氟-2,3-戊二烯膦酸二乙酯与[Ir(ppy)2dtbbpy]PF6催化剂、磺酰氯、碱的摩尔比为1:0.03:3:1,反应在室温蓝光照射下进行,薄层色谱(ThinLayer Chromatography,TLC)跟踪反应;反应结束后加溶剂稀释,洗涤,干燥,过滤,旋转蒸发除去溶剂后得粗品(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯,粗品可采用柱层析的方法精制得纯品。如采用柱层析,可用硅胶作为固定相,所采用的展开剂为非极性溶剂和极性溶剂的混合溶剂,如石油醚-乙酸乙酯,正己烷-乙酸乙酯,二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯等混合溶剂。其体积比为非极性溶剂和极性2-3.5:1,如:石油醚:乙酸乙酯=2.5:1。
实施例1:
Ar或N2保护下,在反应管中依次加入4-甲基-1,1-二氟-2,3-戊二烯膦酸二乙酯(0.4mmol),苯磺酰氯(1.2mmol),3%mmol[Ir(ppy)2dtbbpy]PF6,碳酸氢钠(0.4mmol),4mL乙腈,常温,蓝光照射下反应,TLC监测至反应结束,加水淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤浓缩,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯为淋洗剂柱层析分离得到产物。反应过程如下:
所得到的(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯其结构如下式,收率69%。
Diethyl(E)-(1,1-difluoro-4-methyl-3-(phenylsulfonyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-yl)phosphonate
IR(neat)3068,2980,2929,1625,1399,1450,1399,1319,1275,1195,1151,1085,1020,918,758,722,692,649,612cm-1;1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.84-7.78(m,2H),7.63-7.48(m,3H),6.86(t,JH-F=14.6Hz,1H),5.05(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),4.42(s,1H),4.27-4.18(m,4H),1.83(s,3H),1.32(t,J=7.0Hz,6H);13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ152.3(td,JC-F=JC-P=6.3Hz),136.6,134.0,133.9,129.0,128.9,126.9(td,JC-F=21.5Hz,JC-P=14.1Hz),121.1,116.2(td,JC-F=261.1Hz,JC-P=215.8Hz,),64.9(d,JC-P=6.8Hz),23.6,16.2(d,JC-P=5.3Hz);19F-NMR(376MHz,CDCl3):δ-109.1(dd,JP-F=106.8Hz,JH-F=14.7Hz);31P-NMR(162MHz,CDCl3):δ4.81(t,JP-F=107.2Hz);HRMS(DART)Calcd.for C16H22O5F2PS[M+H]+requires 395.0888,Found:395.0886.
实施例2:
操作同前,反应过程如下
所得到的(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯其结构如下式,收率73%。
Diethyl(E)-(3-((2-bromophenyl)sulfonyl)-1,1-difluoro-4-methylpenta-2,4-dien-1-yl)phosphonate.
IR(neat):3079,2997,2920,1622,1565,1443,1320,1270,1111,1040,751,643,614cm-1;1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ8.14(dd,J=7.6Hz,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.74-7.72(m,1H),7.51-7.44(m,2H),7.02(t,JH-F=14.6Hz,1H),5.02(s,1H),4.62(s,1H),4.34-4.24(m,4H),1.89(s,3H),1.38(t,J=7.2Hz,6H);13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ149.6(td,JC-F=JC-P=6.4Hz),135.3,135.2,135.0,133.9,133.3,129.7(td,JC-F=21.4Hz,JC-P=14.2Hz),127.6,121.3,121.2,116.3(td,JC-F=260.8Hz,JC-P=216.4Hz),65.0(d,JC-P=6.7Hz),23.6,16.2(d,JC-P=5.4Hz);19F-NMR(376MHz,CDCl3):δ-109.1(dd,JP-F=107.2Hz,JH-F=14.7Hz);31P-NMR(162MHz,CDCl3):δ4.73(t,JP-F=107.1Hz);HRMS(DART)Calcd.for C16H21O5BrF2PS[M+H]+requires 472.9993,Found:472.9990.
实施例3:
操作同前,反应过程如下
所得到的(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯其结构如下式,收率51%。
Diethyl(E)-(1,1-difluoro-4-methyl-3-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-yl)phosphonate.
IR(neat):2980,2929,1720,1567,1421,1319,1275,1202,1166,1100,1020,802,700,649,612cm-1;1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ8.98(s,1H),8.81(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.46(dd,J=7.6Hz,J=5.2Hz,1H),6.90(t,JH-F=14.4Hz,1H),5.11(s,1H),4.42(s,1H),4.27-4.19(m,4H),1.89(s,3H),1.33(t,J=7.2Hz,6H);13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ154.3,151.8(td,JC-F=JC-P=6.1Hz),149.9,136.7,134.1,133.3,128.2(td,JC-F=21.7Hz,JC-P=14.2Hz),123.5,121.9,116.6(td,JC-F=266.4Hz,JC-P=214.1Hz,),65.1(d,JC-P=6.8Hz),23.6,16.2(d,JC-P=5.2Hz);19F-NMR(376MHz,CDCl3):δ-109.2(dd,JP-F=106.0Hz JH-F=14.5Hz,);31P-NMR(162MHz,CDCl3):δ4.73(t,JP-F=106.2Hz);HRMS(DART)Calcd.for C15H21O5NF2PS[M+H]+requires 396.0841,Found:396.0839.
实施例4:
操作同前,反应过程如下:
所得到的(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯其结构如下式,收率32%。
Diethyl(E)-(3-(butylsulfonyl)-1,1-difluoro-4-methylpenta-2,4-dien-1-yl)phosphonate IR(neat):2966,2936,2878,2468,1450,1319,1275,1195,1136,1100.1034,926,794cm-1;1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ6.64(t,JH-F=14.6Hz,1H),5.32(s,1H),5.10(s,1H),4.28-4.20(m,4H),3.03(J=8.0Hz,2H),2.05(s,3H),1.72-1.65(m,2H),1.43-1.32(m,8H),0.89(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ150.3(td,JC-F=JC-P=6.3Hz),135.6,128.8(td,JC-F=21.5Hz,JC-P=14.1Hz),120.6,116.2(td,JC-F=261.2Hz,JC-P=215.4Hz),65.0(d,J=6.8Hz),50.0,24.0,23.6,21.4,16.2(d,J=5.2Hz),13.4;19F-NMR(376MHz,CDCl3):δ-108.8(dd,JP-F=106.0Hz,JH-F=14.3Hz);31P-NMR(162MHz,CDCl3):δ4.79(t,JP-F=106.2Hz);HRMS(DART)Calcd.for C14H26O5F2PS[M+H]+requires 375.1201,Found:375.1200.
Claims (8)
1.通式(1)所示的(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:以化合物(2)4-甲基-1,1-二氟-2,3-戊二烯膦酸二乙酯为原料,加入磺酰氯化合物(3),在铱催化剂[Ir(ppy)2dtbbpy]PF6和蓝色可见光照射下发生串联的磺酰化脱氢反应,制得所述(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸类化合物,其反应过程如下:
其中化合物(1)中R1选自烷基,杂芳基和取代或未取代的芳基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的取代基R1为C3-C7的链状烷基,苯基或邻、间、对取代的苯基,或为含N、O或S的五~十元环的杂芳基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的取代基R1选自丁基、苯基、2-溴苯基、4-硝基苯基和3-吡啶基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的4-甲基-1,1-二氟-2,3-戊二烯膦酸二乙酯与磺酰氯化合物(3)的摩尔比为1:(1~3)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述铱催化剂与4-甲基-1,1-二氟-2,3-戊二烯膦酸二乙酯的摩尔比为(0.02~0.1):1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述铱催化剂与4-甲基-1,1-二氟-2,3-戊二烯膦酸二乙酯的摩尔比为0.03:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述磺酰化脱氢反应在惰性气体气氛中进行。
8.根据权利要求1所述的(E)-1,1-二氟-3-磺酰基-2,4-戊二烯膦酸酯类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述磺酰化脱氢反应在碱存在下进行。
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