CN108377655B - 车载用电源装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
提供一种能够抑制多个单电池组的相互间的电荷移动的车辆用电源装置。多个单电池组各自包括相互串联连接的多个单电池,多个单电池组分别设置于多个布线路径上。多个开关在多个布线路径中,分别与多个单电池组串联连接。劣化诊断部对多个单电池组中的发生了劣化的劣化单电池组进行特定。切换控制部使多个开关中连接于劣化单电池组的劣化开关断开。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车载用电源装置。
背景技术
在专利文献1中记载了多个二次电池单电池。多个二次电池单电池搭载于车辆。另外,多个二次电池单电池相互串联连接,例如通过发电机进行充电,向车辆负载供电。发电机进行发电而输出直流电压。在专利文献1中,在各二次电池单电池的高电位端与发电机的高电位端之间设置第一开关,在各二次电池单电池的低电位端与发电机的低电位端之间设置第二开关。
在专利文献1中,通过控制该第一开关以及第二开关,从而使用发电机个别地对二次电池单电池进行充电。例如通过使连接于第一二次电池单电池的第一开关以及第二开关接通,对该第一二次电池单电池进行充电。接下来,使这些第一开关以及第二开关断开,使连接于第二二次电池单电池的第一开关以及第二开关接通。由此,对第二二次电池单电池进行充电。同样地,通过依次控制第一开关以及第二开关,能够个别地对二次电池单电池进行充电,进而,能够均等地对二次电池单电池进行充电。此外,在这里,作为其他技术,专利文献2、3也进行了公开。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2013-42647号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2012-235610号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2014-161145号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
与车辆负载的消耗电力的增大相应地,期望蓄电装置的大容量化。因此,考虑使单电池并联连接来提高蓄电装置的容量。例如采用多个单电池组。各单电池组包括相互串联连接的多个单电池。然后,将这些多个单电池组相互并联连接。由此,能够提高蓄电装置的容量。
但是,单电池的内部电阻的电阻值由于逐年劣化而增大。在包括这样的单电池的单电池组(下面,也称为劣化单电池组)的情况下,充电电流变小。因此,与其他单电池组相比,难以进行充电。因此,在刚刚结束了充电之后,劣化单电池组的电压与其他单电池组的电压相比可能变小。在该情况下,电流从其他单电池组流向劣化单电池组。
另外,从内部电阻大的劣化单电池组向车辆负载的放电电流与内部电阻小的其他单电池组的放电电流相比变小。因此,在刚刚结束放电之后,劣化单电池组的电压与其他单电池组的电压相比可能变大。在该情况下,电流从劣化单电池组流向其他单电池组。
当这样产生在单电池组间流动的电流时,由于该电流,在各单电池组的内部电阻产生损失。因此,不期望产生这样的电流。即,不期望在多个单电池组的相互间电荷移动。
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种能够抑制多个单电池组的相互间的电荷移动的车辆用电源装置。
用于解决问题的手段
车载用电源装置搭载于车辆,具备多个布线路径、多个单电池组、多个开关、劣化诊断部、切换控制部、电压检测部和电流检测部。多个布线路径相互并联连接。多个单电池组各自包括相互串联连接的多个单电池,多个单电池组分别设置于多个布线路径上。多个开关在多个布线路径中,分别与多个单电池组串联连接。劣化诊断部对多个单电池组中发生了劣化的劣化单电池组进行特定。切换控制部使多个开关中连接于劣化单电池组的劣化开关断开。所述电压检测部检测施加于所述多个单电池组中的各单电池组的两端间的端子电压。所述电流检测部检测在所述多个单电池组中的各单电池组中流动的电流。所述劣化诊断部基于所述端子电压、所述电流以及所述多个单电池组中的各单电池组的开路电压,来计算所述多个单电池组中的各单电池组的内部电阻的电阻值,并将所述多个单电池组中所述电阻值大于电阻基准值的单电池组特定为所述劣化单电池组。
发明效果
根据车载用电源装置,能够抑制多个单电池组的相互间的电荷移动。
附图说明
图1是概略地示出车载用电源系统的结构的一个例子的图。
图2是概略地示出单电池组的结构的一个例子的图。
图3是示出控制部的动作的一个例子的流程图。
图4是概略地示出车载用电源系统的结构的一个例子的图。
图5是概略地示出单电池组的结构的一个例子的图。
具体实施方式
第一实施方式.
图1是概略地示出车载用电源系统100的结构的一个例子的图。该车载用电源系统搭载于车辆。如图1所示,车载用电源系统100具备车载用电源装置110、发电机4和车辆负载5。车载用电源装置110具备蓄电装置1、多个开关2和控制部3。蓄电装置1例如是蓄电池(例如,铅蓄电池),具有多个单电池组10。多个单电池组10分别具备多个单电池11。单电池11构成电池的最小单位。在各单电池组10中,多个单电池11相互串联连接。在图1的示例中,在各单电池组10中虽然示出4个单电池11,但单电池11的个数能够适当变更。
开关2例如是继电器,与单电池组10对应地设置。开关2串联连接到对应的单电池组10。另外,开关2以及单电池组10的串联体相互并联连接。此外,该连接关系还能够以如下方式说明。即,设置相互并联连接的多个布线路径W1,多个单电池组10分别设置于多个布线路径W1上,多个开关2分别在多个布线路径W1中串联连接于多个单电池组10。在图1的示例中虽然示出3个单电池组10,但单电池组10的个数能够适当变更。
各单电池组10经由开关2,例如与发电机4连接。发电机4例如是交流发电机,基于发动机(未图示)的旋转而发电,输出直流电压。发电机4进行发电,并且在开关2接通时,充电电流从发电机4流向单电池组10。即,能够使用发电机4来对蓄电装置1进行充电。
另外,各单电池组10经由开关2还连接于车辆负载5。车辆负载5例如是车载ECU(Electronic Control Unit,电子控制单电池)。此外,在图1的示例中虽然示出车辆负载5中的一个,但也可以设置多种车辆负载5。在施加到单电池组10的两端间的电压(下面,称为端子电压)大于发电机4的电压、并且开关2接通时,电流从各单电池组10流向车辆负载5。即,蓄电装置1能够向车辆负载5供电。
控制部3具备劣化诊断部31和切换控制部32。此外,在这里,控制部3构成为包括例如微型计算机和存储装置。微型计算机执行在程序中叙述的各处理步骤(换言之,次序)。上述存储装置能够由例如ROM(Read Only Memory,只读存储器)、RAM(Random AccessMemory,随机存取存储器)、能够改写的非易失性存储器(EPROM(Erasable ProgrammableROM,可擦除可编程ROM)等)、硬盘装置等各种存储装置中的1个或者多个构成。该存储装置储存各种信息、数据等,另外,储存微型计算机执行的程序,另外,提供用于执行程序的作业区域。
另外,微型计算机也能够理解为作为与在程序中叙述的各处理步骤对应的各种单电池发挥功能,或者也能够理解为实现与各处理步骤对应的各种功能。另外,控制部3不限于此,也可以由硬件实现通过控制部3执行的各种次序、或者所实现的各种单电池或各种功能的一部分或者全部。
劣化诊断部31对多个单电池组10中发生了劣化的单电池组10进行特定。换言之,在各单电池组10发生了劣化时,检测该劣化。例如,求出各单电池组10的内部电阻的电阻值,在该电阻值大于规定的电阻基准值时,检测该单电池组10的劣化。
单电池组10的内部电阻的电阻值能够如以下说明的那样求出。图2是示意性地示出单电池组10的内部结构的一个例子的图。在图2的示例中,也等价地示出内部电阻12。该内部电阻12的电阻值R使用单电池组10的端子电压V、在单电池组10中流动的电流I以及单电池组10的开路电压Voc,由下式表示。此外,在这里,电流I根据单电池组10的充放电的区别而取正负。例如,朝向单电池组10流动的电流I具有正值。
R=|V-Voc|/|I|···(1)
即,如果能够取得端子电压V、电流I和开路电压Voc,则基于式(1),能够计算电阻值R。在图1的示例中,设置有电压检测部61和电流检测部62。电压检测部61检测各单电池组10的端子电压V,并将该端子电压输出到劣化诊断部31。电流检测部62检测各单电池组10的电流I,并将该电流输出到劣化诊断部31。
在图1的示例中,劣化诊断部31具有余量检测部311。余量检测部311检测各单电池组10的蓄电余量(例如,充电率)SOC。例如,余量检测部311对电流I的收支进行累计,基于其积分值,计算各单电池组10的蓄电余量SOC。此外,电流I的收支的累计是例如将朝向单电池组10流动的电流I设为正、将从单电池组10流出的电流I设为负时的电流I的积分。
然后,劣化诊断部31基于各单电池组10的蓄电余量SOC,来求出各单电池组10的开路电压Voc。蓄电余量SOC与开路电压Voc的关系例如预先通过实验或者模拟来测定,并存储到存储部等中即可。通过使用该关系,能够基于蓄电余量SOC而求出开路电压Voc。
如上所述,能够取得端子电压V、电流I和开路电压Voc。然后,劣化诊断部31使用这些开路电压Voc、电流I和端子电压V,根据式(1)求出各单电池组10的内部电阻12的电阻值R。
劣化诊断部31判断所计算出的电阻值R与电阻基准值Rref的大小。此外,电阻基准值Rref例如预先特定并存储到存储部等中即可。劣化诊断部31在判断为电阻值R大于电阻基准值Rref时,判断为在该单电池组10中发生了劣化。劣化诊断部31对全部单电池组10进行该判断,并将其判断结果输出到切换控制部32。下面,将被判断为发生劣化的单电池组10也称为劣化单电池组10,将未被判断为发生劣化的单电池组10也称为正常单电池组10。
切换控制部32控制开关2的接通/断开。例如当在全部单电池组10中都未发生劣化时,使全部开关2接通。另一方面,在通过劣化诊断部31判断为发生了劣化时,使与该劣化单电池组10连接的开关2断开。下面,将连接到劣化单电池组10的开关2也称为劣化开关2,将连接到正常单电池组10的开关2也称为正常开关2。
如上所述,在本实施方式中,针对劣化单电池组10,使劣化开关2断开。因此,切断该劣化单电池组10与其他正常单电池组10的连接。因此,能够防止劣化单电池组10与其他正常单电池组10之间的电荷移动。由此,能够避免发生不必要的损失。
在本第一实施方式中,基于内部电阻12的电阻值R增大的情形,将该劣化单电池组10隔离。然而,即使内部电阻12的电阻值R增大,也并非一定无法使用劣化单电池组10。即,在本第一实施方式中,即使仍能够利用劣化单电池组10,为了避免由于将劣化单电池组10与正常单电池组10连接而引起的电荷的移动,也将这样的劣化单电池组10隔离。这与如下技术思想大不相同。即,与仅因为在单电池组10中发生无法使用的异常而将单电池组10隔离的技术思想大不相同。
图3是示出控制部3的上述动作的一个例子的流程图。首先,在步骤ST1中,劣化诊断部31判断是否有发生着劣化的劣化单电池组10。例如,针对每个单电池组10判断内部电阻12的电阻值R是否超过电阻基准值Rref。在判断为没有劣化单电池组10时,再次执行步骤ST1。另一方面,在判断为有劣化单电池组10时,在步骤ST2中,切换控制部32使与该劣化单电池组10对应的劣化开关2断开。
第二实施方式.
图4是概略地示出车载用电源系统100的结构的一个例子的图。与第一实施方式相比,在车载用电源系统100中,还设置有对搭载该车载用电源系统的车辆的点火的执行/停止进行切换的点火开关7。向切换控制部32输入表示点火开关7的接通/断开状态的信号IG1。当通过用户操作而点火开关7导通时,例如切换控制部32适当地使开关2接通,从蓄电装置1向车辆负载5适当地进行供电。
此外,在这里,设置有多个车辆负载5,存在即使在点火开关7断开的状态下也被从蓄电装置1供电的车辆负载5。作为这样在点火开关7断开的状态下被供电的车辆负载5,例如可列举安全装置或者遥控器式的门锁等车辆负载。为了由蓄电装置1针对多种车辆负载5个别地选择供电/停止,也可以在蓄电装置1与各车辆负载5之间设置开关(继电器)。
在点火开关7接通时,切换控制部32如在第一实施方式中所述地控制开关2。即,在没有劣化单电池组10时,使全部开关2接通,在有劣化单电池组10时,使与该劣化单电池组10对应的劣化开关2断开。
另一方面,在点火开关7断开时,如以下说明的那样控制开关2。即,切换控制部32在点火开关7断开且劣化单电池组10的蓄电余量SOC大于余量基准值时,使劣化开关2接通,使正常开关2断开。由此,劣化单电池组10对车辆负载5进行供电。
如上所述,在点火开关7接通的期间内,如在第一实施方式中所述,将劣化单电池组10从系统隔离,与此相对地,在点火开关7断开的期间内,当在劣化单电池组10中蓄积有足够的电力时,使用该电力对车辆负载5进行供电。即,将蓄积于劣化单电池组10的电力利用于暗电流。由此,能够有效地利用蓄积于劣化单电池组10的电力。
另外,切换控制部32在点火开关7断开且劣化单电池组10的蓄电余量SOC小于余量基准值时,使劣化开关2断开,使正常开关2接通。即,当在劣化单电池组10中未剩余有足够向车辆负载5供电的电力的情况下,正常单电池组10向车辆负载5进行供电。由此,即使在劣化单电池组10的电力不足够时,也能够维持向车辆负载5的供电。
图5是示出控制部3的上述动作的一个例子的流程图。在步骤ST10中,劣化诊断部31判断是否有劣化单电池组10。在判断为没有劣化单电池组时,再次执行步骤ST10。接下来,切换控制部32判断点火开关7是否断开。在判断为点火开关7接通时,在步骤ST14中,切换控制部32使正常开关2接通,使劣化开关2断开。该动作是实质上与第一实施方式相同的动作。
当在步骤ST11中判断为点火开关7断开时,在步骤ST12中,切换控制部32判断劣化单电池组10的蓄电余量SOC是否大于余量基准值。余量基准值例如预先设定并存储到存储部等中即可。在判断为蓄电余量SOC大于余量基准值时,在步骤ST13中,切换控制部32使劣化开关2接通,使正常开关2断开。由此,劣化单电池组10供给暗电流。
当在步骤ST12中判断为蓄电余量SOC小于余量基准值时,在步骤ST14中,切换控制部32使正常开关2接通,使劣化开关2断开。由此,正常单电池组10供给暗电流。
在上述各实施方式以及各变形例中说明的各结构只要不相互矛盾,就能够适当组合。
如上所述详细说明了本发明,但上述说明在所有方面都是示例,本发明不限定于此。应当理解,在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下,能够设想未例示出的无数变形例。
标号说明
2 开关
7 点火开关
10 单电池组
11 单电池
31 劣化诊断部
32 切换控制部
61 电压检测部
62 电流检测部
110 车载用电源装置
311 余量检测部
W1 布线路径。
Claims (4)
1.一种车载用电源装置,搭载于车辆,其中,具备:
相互并联连接的多个布线路径;
多个单电池组,各自包括相互串联连接的多个单电池,分别设置于所述多个布线路径上;
多个开关,在所述多个布线路径中,分别与所述多个单电池组串联连接;
劣化诊断部,对所述多个单电池组中发生了劣化的劣化单电池组进行特定;以及
切换控制部,使所述多个开关中连接于所述劣化单电池组的劣化开关断开,
还具备检测在所述多个单电池组中的各单电池组中蓄积的蓄电余量的余量检测部,
所述切换控制部在所述车辆的点火停止且所述劣化单电池组的所述蓄电余量大于余量基准值时,使所述多个开关中所述劣化开关以外的正常开关断开,并使所述劣化开关接通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车载用电源装置,其中,还具备:
电压检测部,检测施加于所述多个单电池组中的各单电池组的两端间的端子电压;以及
电流检测部,检测在所述多个单电池组中的各单电池组中流动的电流,
所述劣化诊断部基于所述端子电压、所述电流以及所述多个单电池组中的各单电池组的开路电压,来计算所述多个单电池组中的各单电池组的内部电阻的电阻值,并将所述多个单电池组中所述电阻值大于电阻基准值的单电池组特定为所述劣化单电池组。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车载用电源装置,其中,
所述多个单电池组中的各单电池组的所述开路电压基于在所述多个单电池组中的各单电池组中蓄积的蓄电余量而求出。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车载用电源装置,其中,
所述切换控制部在所述点火停止且所述劣化单电池组的所述蓄电余量小于所述余量基准值时,使所述正常开关接通,并使所述劣化开关断开。
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JP2007311065A (ja) * | 2006-05-16 | 2007-11-29 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電池装置、これを搭載した車両、および電池装置の異常判定方法 |
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JP5664446B2 (ja) | 2011-04-28 | 2015-02-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電池システム |
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CN102891508A (zh) | 2011-07-19 | 2013-01-23 | 株式会社丰田自动织机 | 充放电控制装置 |
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JP2014161145A (ja) | 2013-02-19 | 2014-09-04 | Hitachi Vehicle Energy Ltd | 二次電池及び二次電池モジュール |
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CN108377655A (zh) | 2018-08-07 |
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