CN108371894A - 一种压裂基液混合器 - Google Patents

一种压裂基液混合器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108371894A
CN108371894A CN201810297667.0A CN201810297667A CN108371894A CN 108371894 A CN108371894 A CN 108371894A CN 201810297667 A CN201810297667 A CN 201810297667A CN 108371894 A CN108371894 A CN 108371894A
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base fluid
feed inlet
fracturing
connector
mixer
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仲跻风
王继鑫
吴义朋
李先策
李心成
刘士堂
杜明强
毛明朝
张坤
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Yantai Jereh Petroleum Equipment and Technologies Co Ltd
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Yantai Jereh Petroleum Equipment and Technologies Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3124Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow
    • B01F25/31242Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow the main flow being injected in the central area of the venturi, creating an aspiration in the circumferential part of the conduit
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/82Combinations of dissimilar mixers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/50Mixing mined ingredients and liquid to obtain slurries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及油气田施工作业中水粉混合或者液体混合设备技术领域,具体地说,是一种油田压裂现场施工时用的压裂基液混合器,包括旋流预混装置,旋流预混装置包括进液口、进料口、连接件和环空,进料口垂直设置,进液口水平设置,进料口的侧壁与套筒连接,连接件设置在套筒的内部,连接件与进料口的侧壁形成环空,环空与进液口连通,进料口的侧壁下端部具有斜边,连接件的上部具有斜面,斜面和斜边均与垂直面具有一定的角度,角度为10~80度,进料口的下部依次设置缩颈、喉管和扩散管。可以满足压裂作业现场大规模作业时对压裂基液的需求,进一步提升混配混合效率并且提升胍胶液的混合质量,实现最佳能效比。

Description

一种压裂基液混合器
技术领域
本发明涉及油气田施工作业中水粉混合或者液体混合设备技术领域,具体地说,是一种油田压裂现场施工时用的压裂基液混合器。
背景技术
油、气井在试油或生产过程中,由于近井地带有污染(钻井、固井、洗压井过程都会造成污染)或地层原始渗透率低的原因会造成油、气井的产量较低,而此问题可以通过压裂技术来解决。
压裂技术是指采油或采气过程中,利用液体压力作用,使油、气的储层形成裂缝的一种方法,其具体操作是采用高压大排量的泵,利用液体传压的原理,将具有一定粘度的液体(即压裂液),以大于储层的吸收能力的压力向储层注入,进而在井底附近地层内形成具有一定几何尺寸和高导流能力的填砂裂缝,使井达到增产增注的目的。
在现有技术中,压裂液是由胍胶粉和基液在混配装置中混配而成,混配装置包括进料口、进液口(基液一般为水,所以也称为进水口)和排出口,其中进料口为胍胶粉进入的通道,进液口为基液进入的通道,胍胶粉和基液同时进入到单一形式的混配装置后,在混配装置的内腔中进行混合,混合完成后,得到的压裂液从排出口排出。
但是,采用上述结构的混配装置混配而成的压裂液,经常出现混合不均匀的现象,使得压裂液经常会存在粉体结块现象(俗称鱼眼),这些结块不仅减弱了压裂液的渗透性,而且也降低了压裂液的粘度,严重影响了油、气井的压裂处理效果。
因此,如何提高压裂液的混配质量,提高油、气井的压裂处理效果,是目前本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
中国专利CN203899476U公开了一种复合形式的压裂液的混配装置,其包括预混装置和设置在预混装置底部的文丘里喷射器,与传统的一次混合形成的压裂液相比,两次混合得到的压裂液更加均匀,减少了粉体结块现象的出现几率,增强了压裂液的渗透性,而且也提高了压裂液的粘度。但是,该预混装置形成的旋流在速度和流向方向并不理想,使用时流速较慢,旋流不够完整,不能达到最佳状态,并且某些特殊工况,对于气体的进入量要求很高,而且如何快速达到均匀一致的效果也是一个难题。
发明内容
本发明为了克服上述技术问题的不足,提供了一种压裂基液混合器,混合效率极高,且满足于各种工况的需求,减少原材料的浪费,产生可观的经济效益。
解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:
方案一,一种压裂基液混合器,包括旋流预混装置,所述的旋流预混装置包括进液口、进料口、连接件和环空,所述的进料口垂直设置,所述的进液口水平设置,所述的进料口的侧壁与套筒连接,所述的连接件设置在套筒的内部,所述的连接件与进料口的侧壁形成环空,所述的环空与进液口连通,所述的进料口的侧壁下端部具有斜边,所述的连接件的上部具有斜面,所述的斜面和斜边均与垂直面具有一定的角度,角度为10~80度,斜面和斜边只要保证各自和垂直面的夹角在10~80度内即可,优选为斜面和斜边平行设置,这样,斜面和斜边之间形成环形倾斜缝隙,并且该环形倾斜缝隙可以根据需要进行角度调节,主要起到导流作用。根据实际预混需求,还可以在该缝隙内部设置有导流装置。所述的进料口的下部,即环空的下游,依次设置缩颈、喉管和扩散管。该预混装置,相比普通的预混装置和专利CN203899476U的预混装置有如下实质优势:无运动部件的管道结构,通过由下向上的流通通道,通常设置情况下旋流更加稳定,旋流的形状更加完整;从环空处形成的高速水膜更加均匀;并且可以通过调整间隙调整流量和速度,从而更好地适应不同干粉添加剂,具体调整的方式可以通过螺纹形式,使两个零件可以相对移动。粉料与水接触时,水流的速度和流量有非常重要的作用,比如需要添加大量的胍胶粉料时,如果添加到静止的水中,胍胶粉会成团,俗称水包粉,如果胍胶粉添加到水流速度较快的水中,比如实验室搅拌烧杯中,胍胶粉可以与水较好的进行混合,所以形成完整的旋流并且水流速度的提高将会对混合效果产生非常积极的作用,本方案通过改变水流的路径,使旋转水流更稳定、流速更高,从而对粉料与水的混合产生非常大的改善。
方案二,还包括与旋流预混装置串联的高压喷射混合器,所述的高压喷射混合器为定流量型或变流量型的任意一种。相比普通单独高压喷射的混合器,旋流预混装置可以很好地将粉料团冲散,有效地避免水包粉产生,起到很好的搅拌剪切作用;并且旋转水流形成的水膜,可以起到减少空气进入的作用;通过调整旋转水流还可以起到清洗管道内壁的作用,尤其是在水粉结合的部位。
方案三,还包括与旋流预混装置串联的剪切型混合器。剪切型混合器通常包含转子和定子,外形类似水泵,转子为特殊设计的带翅片的叶轮结构,定子则通常为栅格状结构并且栅格的间隙较小,定子和转子间的间隙较小,使用剪切型混合器相比方案二能够进一步减少空气的进入,剪切泵在运转时在定子和转子相互运动,相比喷射器产生负压小,甚至没有负压产生,尤其适合厌氧化学品的混合,比如聚丙烯酰胺溶液;剪切泵定子和转子之间的间隙较小,通常在0.5mm甚至更小,流体通过他们之间的缝隙时会被充分剪切,从而起到混合均匀的作用,能够确保液体和粉料的充分混合;预混装置的加入能够起到如同方案二中的积极作用。
方案四为方案二与方案三串联,或者方案三与方案三进行串联。该方案的优势在于可以顺序添加两种或多种粉料,并且达到快速混合的目的。
方案五为方案二与剪切泵串联,或者方案三与剪切泵进行串联。这样可以在方案二基础上进一步增强混合效果,尤其对于混合要求比较高的情况,非常适用。
方案六为方案二与方案三并联,可并联两个或多个。相比现有方案可以混合两种或多种不同性质的粉料,比如剪切破碎的物料和普通胍胶粉需要同时混合的情况。
方案七为方案二与方案二并联,或者方案三与方案三并联,可以并联两个或者多个。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供了一种压裂基液混合器,可以满足压裂作业现场大规模作业时对压裂基液的需求,进一步提升混配混合效率并且提升胍胶液的混合质量,实现最佳能效比,更能够满足不同形态的物料之间的混合,带有预混装置的剪切型混合器的组合方案最适用于那些添加剂对空气的进入较为敏感的混合工序。预混装置和高压喷射混合器的组合形式可以在加料口产生负压,实现远程抽吸液体或固体添加剂的效果,当添加剂为粉料时,预混装置的加入减少了普通无预混装置的射流器使用时粉料挂壁的情况,同时初步的水流分散更利于射流混合。预混装置和剪切型混合器的组合形式在某些工况下可以减少气体的进入,添加剂经过预混装置的初步分散混合,之后进入剪切型混合器,强力剪切作用可以使两种流体快速达到均匀一致的效果。在油田领域进行水粉混合、液体与液体混合、液体与气体混合、固体与气体混合输送等实际工况时,以上组合可以满足不同需求,提高混合的效果,减少资源的浪费,产生实际的经济效益。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图;
其中,1为进液口;2为进料口;3为连接件;4为环空;5为套筒;6为缩颈,7为喉管,8为扩散管,9为侧壁,10为斜面,11为斜边。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
如图1所示:一种压裂基液混合器,包括旋流预混装置,所述的旋流预混装置包括进液口1、进料口2、连接件3和环空4,进料口2垂直设置,进液口1水平设置,进料口2的侧壁9与套筒5连接,连接件3设置在套筒5的内部,连接件3与进料口2的侧壁9形成环空4,环空4与进液口1连通,进料口2的侧壁9下端部具有斜边11,连接件3的上部具有斜面10,斜面10和斜边11均与垂直面具有一定的角度,角度为10~80度,斜面10和斜边11只要保证各自和垂直面的夹角在10~80度内即可,优选为斜面10和斜边11平行设置,进料口2的下部依次连接缩颈6、喉管7和扩散管8。
液体流经环空并从其顶部流出,从流体的流动效果上看,相比中国专利CN203899476U大大改善了液体切向流动的速度和角度,由于切向角度的改善,在同样流速下,流体向下游流动的时间变长,离心效果更好,这样旋流内圈溶液更容易与旋流外圈液体进行混合扩散;由于流向的改善,可以允许更多液体进入该预混装置,并提高流速,从而更加有利于后续的混合;在预混装置内部,旋流流经下游的文丘里管时,产生紊流混合的效果。
预混装置进液口通常水平切向进入环空,水流再进入斜边和斜面夹缝空隙的位置处,产生旋流,连接件上可通过设置螺杆与螺母的配合调节连接件与侧壁之间的空隙,当此空隙足够小时,进液口有足够的压力,旋流预混装置会转换成射流的形式。作为扩展,连接件上还可以设置一些挡流板,从而使得水流产生扰流等效果,水流自上而下依次经过缩颈、喉管和扩散管。必要时,还可以设置两个进液口以增强效果。
实施例2:
实施例1与高压喷射混合器串联,高压喷射混合器为定流量型或变流量型的任意一种。
实施例3:
实施例1与剪切型混合器串联。
实施例4:
实施例2和实施例3串联。
实施例5:
实施例3与实施例3串联。
实施例6:
实施例2与剪切泵串联。
实施例7:
实施例3与剪切泵串联。
实施例8:
实施例2和实施例3并联,可并联两个或多个。
实施例9:
实施例2与实施例2并联,可以并联两个或者多个。
实施例10:
实施例3与实施例3并联,可以并联两个或者多个。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制,凡是依据本发明的技术实质上对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化,均落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种压裂基液混合器,其特征在于,包括旋流预混装置,所述的旋流预混装置包括进液口、进料口、连接件和环空,所述的进料口垂直设置,所述的进液口水平设置,所述的进料口的侧壁与套筒连接,所述的连接件设置在套筒的内部,所述的连接件与进料口的侧壁形成环空,所述的环空与进液口连通,所述的进料口的侧壁下端部具有斜边,所述的连接件的上部具有斜面,所述的斜面和斜边均与垂直面具有一定的角度,角度为10~80度,所述的进料口的下部依次设置缩颈、喉管和扩散管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的压裂基液混合器,其特征在于,还包括与旋流预混装置串联的高压喷射混合器,所述的高压喷射混合器为定流量型或变流量型的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的压裂基液混合器,其特征在于,还包括与旋流预混装置串联的剪切型混合器。
4.根据权利要求2所述的压裂基液混合器,其特征在于,还与权利要求3所述的压裂基液混合器进行串联。
5.根据权利要求3所述的压裂基液混合器,其特征在于,还与权利要求3所述的压裂基液混合器进行串联。
6.根据权利要求2所述的压裂基液混合器,其特征在于,还包括与高压喷射混合器串联的剪切泵。
7.根据权利要求3所述的压裂基液混合器,其特征在于,还包括与剪切型混合器串联的剪切泵。
8.根据权利要求2所述的压裂基液混合器,其特征在于,可与权利要求2所述的压裂基液混合器进行并联,可并联两个或多个。
9.根据权利要求2所述的压裂基液混合器,其特征在于,可采用两个压裂基液混合器并联的方式,可并联两个或多个。
10.根据权利要求3所述的压裂基液混合器,其特征在于,可采用两个压裂基液混合器并联的方式,可并联两个或多个。
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