CN107159046A - 压裂液的混配系统及其混配方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出一种压裂液的混配系统，包括第一混合器、基液供给件及粉末供给件，所述第一混合器为喷射式混合器，所述第一混合器的基液输入端与所述基液供给件连接，所述第一混合器的粉末输入端与所述粉末供给件连接，所述第一混合器并联有可输送基液的并联管道，所述并联管道的基液输入端与所述基液供给件的基液输出端连通，所述第一混合器串联有第二混合器，所述第二混合器为可变流量喷射式混合器，所述第二混合器的压裂液输入端与所述第一混合器的压裂液输出端连接，所述第二混合器的基液输入端与所述并联管道的基液输出端连接。本发明能够同时满足对压裂液排量和配液粘度要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于压裂技术领域，尤其涉及一种压裂液的混配系统，以及应用该混配系统的混配方法。
背景技术
压裂技术是指采油或采气过程中，利用液体压力作用，使油、气的储层形成裂缝的一种方法，其具体操作是采用高压大排量的泵，利用液体传压的原理，将具有一定粘度的液体(即压裂液)，以大于储层的吸收能力的压力向储层注入，进而在井底附近地层内形成具有一定几何尺寸和高导流能力的填砂裂缝，使井达到增产增注的目的。由于当前国内外的压裂施工作业现场(尤其是页岩气的压裂施工现场)需要大量的压裂液，因此对混配车排量和配液粘度的要求越来越高。
中国发明专利申请CN103990410A公开了一种压裂液的混配技术，其使用吸入泵抽取基液(作为压裂液溶剂的基液一般为水或油)，通过增设并联水道，并使其与混合水道并联，使基液同时进入混合水道和并联水道两个路径中，而不是全部进入混合水道中，避免了因混合水道流量较小对混配效率造成的限制，缩短了混配时间，并且双路径的设置方式也使得压裂液可以经过多次混配而形成，提高了混合均匀性，使压裂液的质量得到了进一步的优化。
然而上述压裂液的混配技术在压裂液大排量作业的情况下，若将二次混合器设置为常用的旋流扩散式混合器，则混合效果有限，尤其是在胍胶品质不佳的情况下，更加不容易混合均匀；若将二次混合器设置为管道式混合器(如喷射式混合器)，或者将并联水道与混合水道在出口处连通后再与二次混合器连接，则会促使一次混合器的背压升高，从而严重影响了混合器的混合效果，甚至容易导致一次混合器失效，进而使一次混合器无法达到在大排量作业情况下正常工作的能力；因此，上述混配技术难以满足对压裂液更大排量，以及提升配液粘度的要求。
发明内容
本发明针对现有压裂液混配技术难以满足对压裂液大排量，以及提升配液粘度要求的技术问题，提出一种能够同时满足对压裂液大排量，以及提升配液粘度要求的压裂液的混配系统及其混配方法。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种压裂液的混配系统，包括第一混合器、基液供给件及粉末供给件，所述第一混合器为喷射式混合器，所述第一混合器的基液输入端与所述基液供给件连接，所述第一混合器的粉末输入端与所述粉末供给件连接，所述第一混合器并联有可输送基液的并联管道，所述并联管道的基液输入端与所述基液供给件的基液输出端连通，所述第一混合器串联有第二混合器，所述第二混合器为可变流量喷射式混合器，所述第二混合器的压裂液输入端与所述第一混合器的压裂液输出端连接，所述第二混合器的基液输入端与所述并联管道的基液输出端连接。
作为优选，所述第二混合器内固定设置有变截面管道及流量调节组件，所述变截面管道的压裂液输入端与所述第一混合器的压裂液输出端连接，所述变截面管道的基液输入端与所述并联管道的基液输出端连接，所述变截面管道的压裂液输出端与所述第二混合器的压裂液输出端连通，所述流量调节组件对应于所述变截面管道的基液输入端设置，以调节所述变截面管道基液输入端的流量。
作为优选，所述流量调节组件包括可往复运动的移动件，以及可驱动所述移动件运动的驱动件，所述移动件对应于所述变截面管道基液输入端设置，以调节所述变截面管道基液输入端的流量，所述驱动件的动力输出端与所述移动件连接，所述驱动件的固定端与所述第二混合器固定连接。
作为优选，所述变截面管道包括喷嘴，所述喷嘴的基液输入端与所述并联管道的基液输出端连通，所述喷嘴的基液输出端与所述第二混合器的压裂液输出端连通，所述移动件对应于所述喷嘴的基液输入端设置。
作为优选，所述喷嘴为锥形，所述喷嘴的基液输入端的截面面积大于所述喷嘴基液输出端的截面面积，所述移动件的形状为纺锤形，所述移动件锥面对应于所述喷嘴的锥面设置。
作为优选，所述驱动件为驱动缸，所述驱动件的缸体部与所述第二混合器固定连接，所述驱动件的缸杆部与所述移动件连接，以驱动所述移动件沿直线方向往复运动。
作为优选，所述变截面管道还包括网状护罩，所述网状护罩的一端套接于所述喷嘴的基液输出端外，所述网状护罩的网孔部与所述第一混合器的压裂液输出端连通。
作为优选，所述变截面管道还包括文丘里管，所述文丘里管的压裂液输入端套接于所述网状护罩的另一端内，所述文丘里管的压裂液输出端与所述第二混合器的压裂液输出端连通。
作为优选，所述第一混合器串联有泵体，所述泵体的基液输出端与所述第一混合器的基液输入端连接，所述泵体的基液输入端与所述基液供给件的基液输出端连接。
一种压裂液的混配方法，适用于上述压裂液的混配系统，其包括以下步骤：
通过所述第二混合器调节输入流量的大小，在将所述并联管道输送基液的动能转化为与所述第一混合器输送压裂液混合的混合能量后，使所述第一混合器的背压低于额定值。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点和积极效果在于：
(1)本发明压裂液的混配系统通过在所述第一混合器的基础上串联所述第二混合器，在将所述并联管道输送基液的动能转化为与所述第一混合器输送压裂液混合的混合能量后产生负压，一方面能够使所述第一混合器的背压降低，进而能够改善所述第一混合器的工作状况，另一方面使压裂液从层流状态转化为湍流状态，进而在不增加动力损耗的情况下，提高粉末与基液的混合效果。因此，本发明压裂液的混配系统能够提高压裂液的混合效果，同时改善所述第一混合器的工况，进而能够同时满足大排量作业时对压裂液排量及配液粘度的要求。
(2)本发明通过设置泵体，能够有效提升混合器的工作压力，同时能够降低基液供给件的排出压力，进而达到降低能耗，以及充分利用流体动能的目的
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中第二混合器的结构示意图；
以上各图中：1、第一混合器；2、基液供给件；3、粉末供给件；4、第二混合器；5、变截面管道；501、文丘里管；502、网状护罩；503、喷嘴；6、静态混合器；7、吸入集管；8、泵体；9、第三混合器；10、混合罐；11、排出泵；12、排出集管；13、并联管道；14、流量调节组件；1401、移动件；1402、驱动件。
具体实施方式
下面，通过示例性的实施方式对本发明进行具体描述。然而应当理解，在没有进一步叙述的情况下，一个实施方式中的元件、结构和特征也可以有益地结合到其他实施方式中。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
参见图1和图2，一种压裂液的混配系统，包括第一混合器1，可向所述第一混合器1提供基液(例如清水或油)的基液供给件2，以及可向所述第一混合器1提供粉末(例如胍胶粉，也可以是颗粒)的粉末供给件3，所述第一混合器1为喷射式混合器，所述第一混合器1用于将粉末及基液进行混合，以形成压裂液，同时利用压力将所形成的压裂液喷出，因此所述第一混合器1上必然开设有基液输入端、粉末输入端及压裂液输出端；所述第一混合器1的基液输入端与所述基液供给件2连接，所述第一混合器1的粉末输入端与所述粉末供给件3连接，所述第一混合器1并联有可输送基液的并联管道13，所述并联管道13的基液输入端与所述基液供给件2的基液输出端连通，所述第一混合器1串联有第二混合器4，所述第二混合器4为可变流量喷射式混合器，所述第二混合器4的压裂液输入端与所述第一混合器1的压裂液输出端连接，所述第二混合器4的基液输入端与所述并联管道13的基液输出端连接，所述第二混合器4调节输入流量的大小，以在将所述并联管道13输送基液的动能转化为与所述第一混合器1输送压裂液混合的混合能量后，一方面使所述第一混合器1的背压低于额定值，另一方面使所述第一混合器1中输送的压裂液得到充分的混合。
本发明压裂液的混配系统通过在所述第一混合器1的基础上串联所述第二混合器4，在将所述并联管道13输送基液的动能转化为与所述第一混合器1输送压裂液混合的混合能量后产生负压，一方面能够使所述第一混合器1的背压降低，进而能够改善所述第一混合器1的工作状况，另一方面使压裂液从层流状态转化为湍流状态，进而在不增加动力损耗的情况下，提高粉末与基液的混合效果。因此，本发明压裂液的混配系统能够提高压裂液的混合效果，同时改善所述第一混合器1的工况，进而能够同时满足大排量作业时对压裂液排量及配液粘度的要求。
另外，本发明通过设置并联管道13，使基液只有一部分进入到所述第一混合器1中并与粉末混合形成压裂液，而另一部分进入到所述并联管道13中并通过所述并联管道13输送至所述第二混合器4中，继而使所述并联管道13输送的基液与所述第一混合器1输出的压裂液得到更加充分的混合，进而避免了因所述第一混合器1流量较小而对压裂液的混配效率造成的限制，同时提高了压裂液自身的混合均匀性。
作为本发明的一种实施例，其具体可为：
如图1所示，所述基液供给件2优选为吸入离心泵，所述粉末供给件3优选为粉末罐，所述第一混合器1优选为定流量喷射式混合器，定流量喷射式混合器相对于可变流量喷射式混合器能够保证喷射系数的恒定，从而更容易保证水粉混合效果并避免所述第一混合器1失效反水的现象发生。
如图1和图2所示，所述第二混合器4内固定设置有变截面管道5及流量调节组件14，所述变截面管道5用于对所述第一混合器1输送的压裂液及所述并联管道13输送的基液进行混合，以及将混合后的压裂液输送至所述第二混合器4的压裂液输出端，所述变截面管道5必然开设有与所述第一混合器1的压裂液输出端连接的压裂液输入端，与所述并联管道13的基液输出端连接的基液输入端，以及与所述第二混合器4的压裂液输出端连通的压裂液输出端，所述变截面管道5包括喷嘴503、网状护罩502及文丘里管501，所述喷嘴503优选为锥形，所述喷嘴503的基液输入端的截面面积大于所述喷嘴503基液输出端的截面面积，所述喷嘴503的基液输入端与所述并联管道13的基液输出端连通，所述喷嘴503的基液输出端与所述文丘里管501的压裂液输入端连通，所述网状护罩502的两端分别套接于所述喷嘴503基液输出端及所述文丘里管501压裂液输入端外，所述网状护罩502的网孔部与所述第一混合器1的压裂液输出端连通，当所述并联管道13输送的基液进入所述第二混合器4内时，基液通过喷嘴增压喷出并与被所述网状护罩502分散的压裂液快速接触，此时由于高速流体(基液)对低速流体(压裂液)产生卷吸的作用，因此会使压裂液的动能得到提高，同时使基液的动能转化成混合能量，从而形成更有利于混合的湍流，进而使压裂液得到更高效的混合，所述文丘里管501的压裂液输出端与所述第二混合器4的压裂液输出端连通。
需要说明的是，所述网状护罩502的网孔不限于圆形、菱形、条形等形式或多种形状的组合形式。
进一步如图1和图2所示，所述流量调节组件14包括可往复运动的移动件1401，以及可驱动所述移动件1401运动的驱动件1402，所述移动件1401的形状优选为纺锤形，所述移动件1401锥面对应于所述喷嘴503的锥面设置，以调节所述变截面管道5基液输入端的流量，所述驱动件1402优选为驱动缸，所述驱动件1402的缸体部与所述第二混合器4固定连接，所述驱动件1402的缸杆部与所述移动件1401连接，以驱动所述移动件1401沿直线方向往复运动。
如图1所示，所述基液供给件2的基液输入端连接有吸入集管7，所述第一混合器1串联有泵体8，所述泵体8优选为增压离心泵，所述泵体8的基液输出端与所述第一混合器1的基液输入端连接，所述泵体8的基液输入端与所述基液供给件2的基液输出端连接，所述泵体8能够有效提升混合器1的工作压力，同时能够降低基液供给件2的排出压力，进而达到降低能耗，以及充分利用流体动能的目的；所述文丘里管501的压裂液输出端连接有静态混合器6，所述静态混合器6充分考虑与第二混合器的匹配，充分利用第二混合器4的升压作用，在避免了第二混合器4因高背压而失效的现象发生的同时，实现了充分利用液体能量实现对压裂液进一步混合的功能。
进一步如图1所示，所述静态混合器6的压裂液输出端连接有第三混合器9，所述第三混合器9优选为旋流扩散式混合器，所述第三混合器9用于对压裂液进行进一步的混合；所述第三混合器9的压裂液输出端连接有混合罐10，所述混合罐10用于对压裂液进行充分搅拌；所述混合罐10的压裂液输出端连接有排出泵11，所述排出泵11的压裂液输入端与所述混合罐10的压裂液输出端连接，所述排出泵11的压裂液输出端连接有排出集管12，所述排出泵11的作用是将混配好的压裂液经所述排出集管12排出给下游设备。
为了进一步提高压裂液的混合效率，如图1所示，所述第一混合器1的数量设置为两个，两个所述第一混合器1之间并联后与所述第二混合器4及所述基液供给件2串联，通过将多个第一混合器1并联在一起，使所述粉末供给件3内的粉末分多路输出，从而一方面使多种粉末同时混合成为可能，同时减少了多种粉料混合时的能量以及空间成本，另一方面能够实现同种粉料通过多个所述第一混合器1的分散混合，进而有利于提升混合均匀性；此外，所述第一混合器1还可以串联或并联有剪切泵式混合器，此时所述泵体8可以选装，即所述泵体8可以与所述第一混合器1串联，也可以不使用，剪切泵式混合器通常采用高效转子和带空隙的定子组成，继而通过转子旋转使流体被高速剪切，例如迅速将液体内的大颗粒水合物剪切为100目甚至200目以下的微粒，以产生强力的混合效果，但在使用时需要确保流体的整洁程度，同时使用和维护的成本较高，进而在使用过程中具有较大的局限性。
本实施例还提供一种压裂液的混配方法，应用如上述所述的压裂液的混配系统，参见图1和图2，其包括以下步骤：
S1：使用所述基液供给件2通过吸入集管7吸入基液；
S2：吸入基液供给件2的基液一路输送至泵体8，并经泵体8供给至所述第一混合器1中；
S3：吸入基液供给件2的基液另一路通过所述并联管道13直接供给至所述第二混合器4中；
S4：通过所述第一混合器1将所述基液供给件2提供的基液及所述粉末供给件3提供的粉末进行混合并形成压裂液，同时利用动能将压裂液向所述第二混合器4喷送；
S5：通过所述第二混合器4调节输入流量的大小，在将所述并联管道13输送基液的动能转化为与所述第一混合器1输送压裂液混合的混合能量后，使所述第一混合器1的背压低于额定值；
S6：通过所述第二混合器4将压裂液喷出至所述静态混合器6中，并使压裂液在所述静态混合器6中进行混合；
S7：所述静态混合器6内的压裂液被运输至所述第三混合器9中进行混合；
S8：通过所述第三混合器9对压裂液进一步混合，并将混合后的压裂液输送至所述混合罐10内；
S9：所述混合罐10将压裂液搅拌后经排出泵11排出至排出集管12外。
针对上述步骤S5，具体可包括以下步骤：
S501：第二混合器4中的网状护罩502将所述第一混合器1输送的压裂液进行分散；
S502：所述第二混合器4中的所述喷嘴503将所述并联管道13供给的基液喷出至所述网状护罩502的环腔内，并使基液与所述第一混合器1输送的压裂液进行混合；
S503：所述第二混合器4中的所述移动件1401在所述驱动件1402的驱动下往复运动，当所述移动件1401与所述喷嘴503的距离缩小时，所述喷嘴503基液输入端的流量减小；
S504：所述第二混合器4中混合后的压裂液被所述文丘里管501输送，同时对压裂液进行混合。
本发明压裂液的混配方法在将所述并联管道13输送基液的动能转化为与所述第一混合器1输送压裂液混合的混合能量后产生负压，一方面能够使所述第一混合器1的背压降低，进而能够改善所述第一混合器1的工作状况，另一方面使压裂液从层流状态转化为湍流状态，进而在不增加动力损耗的情况下，提高粉末与基液的混合效果。因此，本发明压裂液的混配系统能够提高压裂液的混合效果，同时改善所述第一混合器1的工况，进而能够同时满足大排量作业时对压裂液排量及配液粘度的要求。
Claims (10)
1.一种压裂液的混配系统，包括第一混合器(1)、基液供给件(2)及粉末供给件(3)，所述第一混合器(1)为喷射式混合器，所述第一混合器(1)的基液输入端与所述基液供给件(2)连接，所述第一混合器(1)的粉末输入端与所述粉末供给件(3)连接，所述第一混合器(1)并联有可输送基液的并联管道(13)，所述并联管道(13)的基液输入端与所述基液供给件(2)的基液输出端连通，其特征在于：所述第一混合器(1)串联有第二混合器(4)，所述第二混合器(4)为可变流量喷射式混合器，所述第二混合器(4)的压裂液输入端与所述第一混合器(1)的压裂液输出端连接，所述第二混合器(4)的基液输入端与所述并联管道(13)的基液输出端连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的压裂液的混配系统，其特征在于：所述第二混合器(4)内固定设置有变截面管道(5)及流量调节组件(14)，所述变截面管道(5)的压裂液输入端与所述第一混合器(1)的压裂液输出端连接，所述变截面管道(5)的基液输入端与所述并联管道(13)的基液输出端连接，所述变截面管道(5)的压裂液输出端与所述第二混合器(4)的压裂液输出端连通，所述流量调节组件(14)对应于所述变截面管道(5)的基液输入端设置，以调节所述变截面管道(5)基液输入端的流量。
3.根据权利要求2所述的压裂液的混配系统，其特征在于：所述流量调节组件(14)包括可往复运动的移动件(1401)，以及可驱动所述移动件(1401)运动的驱动件(1402)，所述移动件(1401)对应于所述变截面管道(5)基液输入端设置，以调节所述变截面管道(5)基液输入端的流量，所述驱动件(1402)的动力输出端与所述移动件(1401)连接，所述驱动件(1402)的固定端与所述第二混合器(4)固定连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的压裂液的混配系统，其特征在于：所述变截面管道(5)包括喷嘴(503)，所述喷嘴(503)的基液输入端与所述并联管道(13)的基液输出端连通，所述喷嘴(503)的基液输出端与所述第二混合器(4)的压裂液输出端连通，所述移动件(1401)对应于所述喷嘴(503)的基液输入端设置。
5.根据权利要求4所述的压裂液的混配系统，其特征在于：所述喷嘴(503)为锥形，所述喷嘴(503)的基液输入端的截面面积大于所述喷嘴(503)基液输出端的截面面积，所述移动件(1401)的形状为纺锤形，所述移动件(1401)锥面对应于所述喷嘴(503)的锥面设置。
6.根据权利要求3所述的压裂液的混配系统，其特征在于：所述驱动件(1402)为驱动缸，所述驱动件(1402)的缸体部与所述第二混合器(4)固定连接，所述驱动件(1402)的缸杆部与所述移动件(1401)连接，以驱动所述移动件(1401)沿直线方向往复运动。
7.根据权利要求4所述的压裂液的混配系统，其特征在于：所述变截面管道(5)还包括网状护罩(502)，所述网状护罩(502)的一端套接于所述喷嘴(503)的基液输出端外，所述网状护罩(502)的网孔部与所述第一混合器(1)的压裂液输出端连通。
8.根据权利要求7所述的压裂液的混配系统，其特征在于：所述变截面管道(5)还包括文丘里管(501)，所述文丘里管(501)的压裂液输入端套接于所述网状护罩(502)的另一端内，所述文丘里管(501)的压裂液输出端与所述第二混合器(4)的压裂液输出端连通。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的压裂液的混配系统，其特征在于：所述第一混合器(1)串联有泵体(8)，所述泵体(8)的基液输出端与所述第一混合器(1)的基液输入端连接，所述泵体(8)的基液输入端与所述基液供给件(2)的基液输出端连接。
10.一种压裂液的混配方法，其特征在于：适用于上述权利要求1-9中任一项所述的压裂液的混配系统，其包括以下步骤：
通过所述第二混合器(4)调节输入流量的大小，在将所述并联管道(13)输送基液的动能转化为与所述第一混合器(1)输送压裂液混合的混合能量后，使所述第一混合器(1)的背压低于额定值。
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