CN108358897A - 具有分子内电荷转移特性的d-a型热激活延迟荧光材料及应用 - Google Patents

具有分子内电荷转移特性的d-a型热激活延迟荧光材料及应用 Download PDF

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CN108358897A
CN108358897A CN201810073740.6A CN201810073740A CN108358897A CN 108358897 A CN108358897 A CN 108358897A CN 201810073740 A CN201810073740 A CN 201810073740A CN 108358897 A CN108358897 A CN 108358897A
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王强
王彬艳
林浩
武超
张亚星
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Shaanxi Normal University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有分子内电荷转移特性的D‑A型热激活延迟荧光材料及作为有机电致发光器件客体材料的应用,该发光材料以2,3‑二氰基吡嗪菲单元为电子受体,咔唑、吩噁嗪或吩噻嗪单元为电子给体,合成方法简单,将其作为发光层的客体材料制作成电致发光器件,红光发光器件的电流效率、功率效率、外量子效率均较高,在全彩显示和固态照明领域的应用前景广阔,可广泛应用于有机电致发光领域。

Description

具有分子内电荷转移特性的D-A型热激活延迟荧光材料及 应用
技术领域
本发明属于发光材料技术领域,具体涉及一种含有2,3-二氰基吡嗪菲单元和咔唑或吩噁嗪或吩噻嗪单元的化合物,以及该化合物作为有机电致发光器件发光层客体材料的应用。
背景技术
有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting diodes,OLED)在固态照明及平板显示等领域具有广阔的应用前景(Goushi,K.;Yoshida,K.;Sato,K.;Adachi,C.Nat.Photonics 2012,6,253.),因而受到了广泛的关注。OLED发光材料通常分为荧光材料和磷光材料。根据自旋统计规律,OLED在电致激发条件下所产生最低激发单重态(S1)和最低激发三重态(T1)激子的比例通常为1:3,所以基于传统荧光材料OLED器件,尽管具有较高的可靠性和稳定性,但是其理论上最大内部量子效率(IQE)不超过25%。磷光材料由于能有效地利用S1态和T1态激子发光,其理论上最大IQE可达100%,目前已报道的磷光器件的外部量子效率(EQE)已超过30%(Kim,K.-H.;Moon,C.-K.;Lee,J.-H.;Kim,S.-Y.;Kim,J.-J.Adv.Mater.2014,26,3844.)。然而,Ir(III)、Pt(II)、Os(II)等配合物的磷光材料需要使用贵金属,这些贵金属在地壳中含量稀少、价格昂贵且其化合物的毒性较大,严重阻碍了它们在OLED中的大规模应用。而廉价的铜(I)配合物磷光材料的化学和热稳定性较差,其材料的研究仍稳步推进中。近几年来,高量子效率的热激活延迟荧光(TADF)材料及其器件的研究已成为OLED领域研究的一个热点。TADF材料要求S1态与T1态的能级差(ΔEST)足够小,在室温热激发条件下T1态的激子能够逆向系间窜越(RISC)回到S1态,然后辐射跃迁发出延迟荧光,从而能充分利用T1态的激子。因此,与磷光材料类似,理论上最大IQE可接近100%(Uoyama,H.;Goushi,K.;Shizu,K.;Nomura,H.;Adachi,C.Nature 2012,492,234.)。通常,有明显延迟荧光的材料要求其ΔEST小于0.3eV(Zhang,Q.-S.;Li,J.;Shizu,K.;Huang,S.-P.;Hirata,S.;Miyazaki,H.;Adachi,C.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2012,134,14706.),而延迟荧光比例占主导地位的材料则要求其ΔEST小于0.1eV。
TADF材料可以采用纯有机分子,无需磷光配合物必要的金属离子,具有分子设计灵活、器件成本低等诸多优点,因此它被誉为是继传统荧光材料和磷光材料之后的第三代OLED发光材料。已报道的TADF材料体系按受体分类包括砜类、三嗪类、螺环吖啶类、螺二芴类、二苯甲酮类化合物等。迄今,TADF材料的绿光和蓝光的OLED器件均取得了较大的进展。以1,2,3,5-四(9-咔唑基)-4,6-间苯二腈(4CzIPN)为发光层制成绿光OLED器件的IQE接近100%,EQE高达29.6%(Sun,J.W.;Lee,J.-H.;Moon,C.-K.;Kim,K.-H.;Shin,H.;Kim,J.-J.Adv.Mater.2014,26,5684.),接近磷光OLED器件EQE的最高值。以双[4-(9,9-二甲基-9,10-二氢吖啶)苯基]硫砜(DMAC-DPS)为发光层所制备蓝光OLED器件的EQE已达到19.5%(Zhang,Q.-S.;Li,B.;Huang,
S.-P.;Nomura,H.;Tanaka,H.;Adachi,C.Nat.Photonics 2014,8,326.)。然而,红光TADF材料还比较缺乏。
TADF材料的分子设计起步不久。原理上,TADF分子多数由电子给体单元(D)和受体单元(A)构建成扭曲的分子内电荷转移(ICT)化合物,使最高已占有轨道(HOMO)和最低未占有轨道(LUMO)分别离域在D和A上,以减小它们的空间交叠程度,从而有利于获得较小的ΔEST(Endo,A.;Sato,K.;Yoshimura,K.;Kai,A.;Miyazaki,H.;Adachi,C.Appl.Phys.Lett.2011,98,083302.)。然而,仅依此原则设计分子,多数构建的化合物的ΔEST大于0.3eV。因此,降低ΔEST是设计高效TADF材料必须解决的首要问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种具有较小ΔEST的高效D-A型TADF材料,以及该发光材料作为发光层的客体材料在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
解决上述技术问题所采用的D-A型TADF材料的结构式如下所示:
式中Ar代表
本发明发光材料具有分子内电荷转移性能,其可作为发光层客体材料应用于有机电致发光器件中,所述有机电致发光器件由下到上依次为阳极、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层和阴极,发光层由主体材料和客体材料组成,其中客体材料即为本发明具有分子内电荷转移性能的电致发光材料;发光层的厚度为10~20nm,掺杂浓度为5%~10%。
本发明的有益效果如下:
1、本发明所提供的发光材料具有分子内电荷转移性能,具有较小的ΔEST值和较高的发光效率,其应用于有机电致发光器件中,可获得高效的电致发光性能,器件的电流效率、功率效率和外量子效率均能达到目前同类热激活延迟荧光材料的较高水平。
2、本发明所提供的具有分子内电荷转移性能的发光材料作为发光层的客体材料用于有机电致发光器件,器件结构简单,简化了制备工艺,节约了制备成本,有利于大规模生产。
3、本发明的发光材料可以作为任意结构的有机电致发光器件的发光层客体材料。
附图说明
图1是本发明的有机电致发光器件的结构示意图。
图2是本发明的有机电致发光器件的电致发光光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步详细说明,其目的在于帮助更好的理解本发明的内容,但本发明的保护范围不仅限于这些实施例。
实施例1
制备结构式如下的D-A型TADF材料
将0.50g 7,10-二溴-2,3-二氰基吡嗪菲、0.42g咔唑、0.5g碳酸钾和0.06g二(三叔丁基膦)钯加入到100mL烧瓶中,再加入30mL甲苯,在氮气保护下加热到120℃,回流72小时,反应结束冷却至室温,加入硅藻土后过滤,滤液减压蒸馏,所得粗产物通过柱层析(以三氯甲烷与石油醚体积比为2:1的混合液为洗脱剂)、旋干,得到黄色粉末状的D-A型TADF材料,其化学命名为7,10-二咔唑基-2,3-二氰基吡嗪菲(记为Cz-DCPP),产率为60%,ΔEST值为0.02eV,结构表征数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):9.45–9.34(m,1H),9.01(dd,J=27.2,8.6Hz,3H),8.81–8.70(m,1H),8.61(dt,J=7.5,2.5Hz,2H),8.24–7.79(m,1H),7.72–7.48(m,2H),7.45–7.17(m,1H);元素分析:C:82.01%、H:3.57%、N:13.28%;MALDI TOF m/z:610.1。
实施例2
制备结构式如下的D-A型TADF材料
将0.50g 7,10-二溴-2,3-二氰基吡嗪菲、0.46g吩噁嗪、0.5g碳酸钾和0.06g二(三叔丁基膦)钯加入到100mL烧瓶中,再加入30mL甲苯,在氮气保护下加热到120℃,回流72小时,反应结束冷却至室温,加入硅藻土后过滤,滤液减压蒸馏,所得粗产物通过柱层析(以三氯甲烷与石油醚体积比为2:1的混合液为洗脱剂)、旋干,得到红色粉末状的D-A型TADF材料,其化学命名为7,10-二吩噁嗪基-2,3-二氰基吡嗪菲(记为PXZ-DCPP),产率为52%,ΔEST值为0.09eV,结构表征数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):9.47(d,J=27.6Hz,1H),8.99(dd,J=33.1,5.8Hz,1H),8.80–8.49(m,2H),8.04–7.72(m,1H),6.57(dd,J=81.3,25.0Hz,6H);元素分析:C:78.02%、H:3.49%、N:13.37%、O:4.54%;MALDI TOF m/z:642.1。
实施例3
制备结构式如下的具有分子内电荷转移特性的D-A型TADF材料
将0.50g 7,10-二溴-2,3-二氰基吡嗪菲、0.50g吩噁嗪、0.5g碳酸钾和0.06g二(三叔丁基膦)钯加入到100mL烧瓶中,再加入30mL甲苯,在氮气保护下加热到120℃,回流72小时,反应结束冷却至室温,加入硅藻土后过滤,滤液减压蒸馏,所得粗产物通过柱层析(以乙酸乙酯与石油醚体积比为1:3的混合液为洗脱剂)、旋干,得到橙色粉末状的D-A型TADF材料,其化学命名为7,10-二吩噁嗪基-2,3-二氰基吡嗪菲(记为PTZ-DCPP),产率为65%,ΔEST值为0.18eV,结构表征数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)8.05(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.90(m,1H),7.56(m,2H),7.27(s,1H),7.16(m,2H),7.03–6.74(m,2H);元素分析:C:74.25%、H:3.51%、N:12.53%、S:9.41%;MALDITOF m/z:674.4。
实施例4
制备有机电致发光器件
如图1所示,本发明的电致发光器件由ITO阳极层1、空穴注入层2(MoO3)、空穴传输层3(4-(2-噻唑偶氮)邻苯二酚,简称TAPC)、发光层4、电子传输层5(4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲啰啉,简称BPhen)、LiF修饰的铝阴极层6组成,其制作方法为:在高真空条件下,在经过清洗的ITO导电玻璃衬底上依次蒸镀MoO3、TAPC、发光层、BPhen、LiF和Al。其中,发光层主体材料为4,4'-二(9-咔唑)联苯(CBP),本发明的D-A型TADF材料作为发光层客体材料。器件的具体结构如下:
器件1(D1):ITO/MoO3(5nm)/TAPC(65nm)/CBP:Cz-DCPP(8wt%,15nm)/BPhen(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm)
器件2(D2):ITO/MoO3(5nm)/TAPC(65nm)/CBP:PXZ-DCPP(8wt%,15nm)/BPhen(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm)
器件3(D3):ITO/MoO3(5nm)/TAP(65nm)/CBP:PTZ-DCPP(8wt%,15nm)/BPhen(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm)
上述材料蒸镀的厚度和蒸镀速率由Protek universal counter U2000A型频率计数器来控制,并用偏振光椭圆率测量仪(ellipsometer,JY Horba)和台阶仪(Dektak6Mstylus profiler,Veeco)校正。所制备的电致发光器件的电压-电流-亮度特性由Keithley2400Sourcemeter、Keithley 2000 Currentmeter和校正的硅光二极管记录,电致发光光谱采用PR650SpectraScan Photometer来完成测量。所得器件未经封装,直接在室温大气中测试。测试结果见表1。
表1器件的性能数据
采用本发明的发光材料为发光层客体材料,器件启亮电压为3.2V,光谱色坐标为(0.48,0.50)、(0.56,0.43)、(0.62,0.36)的器件外量子效率分别为21.8%、17.4%、12.3%,这些性能是目前同类器件中效果最好之一。
由上述结果可见,本发明的发光材料可以制备高效的热激活延迟荧光有机电致发光器件。与其他材料相比,本发明的发光材料由于选取了合适的给体和受体单元,获得了较小的单线态三线态能级差,从而提高了材料的发光效率。将其作为有机电致发光器件发光层的客体材料获得了高效的电致发光性能,有利于开发高效率、器件结构简单的全彩显示器。

Claims (4)

1.一种具有分子内电荷转移特性的D-A型热激活延迟荧光材料,其特征在于该材料的结构式如下所示:
式中Ar代表
2.权利要求1所述的D-A型热激活延迟荧光材料作为发光层客体材料在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的有机电致发光器件由下到上依次为阳极、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层和阴极,发光层由主体材料和客体材料组成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:所述发光层的厚度为10~20nm,掺杂的质量浓度为5%~10%。
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