CN108353721A - A kind of efficient implantation methods of grape of interplanting vetch - Google Patents
A kind of efficient implantation methods of grape of interplanting vetch Download PDFInfo
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- CN108353721A CN108353721A CN201810238138.3A CN201810238138A CN108353721A CN 108353721 A CN108353721 A CN 108353721A CN 201810238138 A CN201810238138 A CN 201810238138A CN 108353721 A CN108353721 A CN 108353721A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to wine-growing technical fields, and in particular to a kind of efficient implantation methods of grape of interplanting vetch, this approach includes the following steps：（1）Consolidation,（2）Plantation,（3）Field management；By the way that self-prepared organic fertilizer is added in consolidation, EM bacterium, phosphorus slag, puts earthworm in a suitable place to breed, slow-release fertilizer, silicate bacterial fertilizer are used in plantation, microbial liquid fertilizer is used in management, so that forming the degradation bacterium colony of probiotics and earthworm composition in soil, promote the release of soil fertility, inhibit the breeding of pathogenic microorganisms, Allelopathic Effect in Plants is reduced, to promote grape growth, the yield and quality for improving grape, make soil increasing both production and income.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wine-growing technical fields, and in particular to a kind of efficient implantation methods of grape of interplanting vetch.
Background technology
Grape fruit is full of nutrition, not only contain glucose, fructose, a variety of organic acids, minerals and more than 20 kinds of amino acid,
Aromatic substance, cellulose etc..
Research in recent years shows that grape contains resveratrol and multivitamin, has well to anti-curing cancers and cardiovascular disease
Effect, grape has become important health fruit recognised by people, and grape has many uses, in addition to fruit can eat raw, make wine,
Juice processed, system are done, outside can processed, and grape pulp and grape jelly can also be processed；Chinese medicine thinks that grape is mild-natured, acid sweet in flavor, enters
Lung, spleen, kidney channel, fill blood, liver and kidney benefiting, born fluid, strengthening the bones and muscles, cough-relieving relieving restlessness, tonifying Qi and blood, tonneau urine the effect of.
Vetch is the plant of pulse family Vetch.Be distributed in Korea, Japan, Russia and China's Mainland southwest,
The ground such as northwest are grown on the area of 1,000 meter to 2,200 meters of height above sea level, and how raw in hillside or border thick grass, herbage is also used for vegetable
Dish.Seed oil-containing.Leaf and flowers and fruits are medicinal the benefits of heat-clearing, eliminating inflammation and expelling toxin.Plant is beautiful, pattern is gorgeous, can make ornamental flower, tool
There is infertile field.
Currently, the demand due to market to grape is very big, the plantation for causing grape is seen everywhere, grape kind both domestic and external
It plants area to be also increasing year by year, but the implantation methods of grape are all relatively simple at present, due to the plantation of large area, pass through application
Chemical fertilizer achievees the purpose that volume increase, cause in recent years soil collected manure it is serious, soil fertility declines increasingly, directly result in the year of grape
Yield also die-offs because of the decline of soil fertility, in wine-growing field, explore it is a kind of by increase soil fertility come
Achieve the purpose that the grape planting process of the novel ecological environmental protection of grape yield increasing is extremely urgent.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of efficient implantation methods of grape of interplanting vetch, to improve the yield of grape
With quality, prevent the allelopathy effect generated in grape continuous cropping from causing the underproduction, used technical solution as follows：
A kind of efficient implantation methods of grape of interplanting vetch, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
（1）Consolidation：
30-50cm is ploughed deeply into vineyard, decomposed dung, 400-600kg/ mus of application mineral are applied according to 1000-1500kg/ mus
Fertilizer, then the 15-40cm that ploughs shallowly ditch according to line-spacing 60-80cm, apply self-prepared organic fertilizer in ditch by 600-800kg/ mus, and throw
Earthworm kind is put, earthing 3-5cm is dried 5-15 days；
（2）Plantation：
According to spacing in the rows 50-70cm in step（1）Ready-made groove face digs cave, applies slow-release fertilizer, microbial bacteria successively in kind of plant hole
Fertilizer, grapevine seedling, earthing compacting, in the ranks plant a line vetch in grape according to spacing in the rows 20-30cm kinds；
（3）Field management：
A, vetch Seedling Stage manually cut weeds for 1-2 times, in Growing season, monthly adds primary decomposed night soil, dosage is
100-200kg/ mus；
B, before entering the winter every year, self-prepared organic fertilizer is added in digging cave by grapevine seedling, and 500-800kg, the beginning of the year is used to start the winter per acre
Season trims, and by the branch cut, whiting is broken is placed on around grapevine trunk for fallen leaves；April early and middle ten days, grape starts rudiment；Choosing
Healthy and strong, full young shoot is stayed, branch is bundled；Simultaneously by 100-120kg/ mus using microbial liquid fertilizer, late April is rudiment, new
Slightly growth period；It carries out foliage-spray and handles 0.8% AVM hereinafter nimbin emulsion biogenic pesticide, 100-150g/ mus of dosage；May
The first tenday period of a month are to bloom, bear fruit the phase；1000 times of kuh-seng aqueous slkalis of foliage-spray are carried out, it is uniform to be sprayed onto blade face droplet；Florescence arranges
Fringe shape pinches secondary fringe and fringe point, removes tendril；Pay attention to extracing apical dominance after spending, removal is secondary slightly, blooms to plucking fruit from grape in May
Before, it is 50-80kg/ mus to use a microbial liquid fertilizer, dosage every two weeks.
Further, step（1）Described in mineral fertilizer be phosphorus slag, granularity≤1mm.
Further, step（1）Described in self-prepared organic fertilizer preparation method it is as follows：
In terms of mass parts, 500-800 parts of stalk, 200-300 parts of withered grass is taken to crush the powder for being granularity 1.5cm, with 80-300 parts
Animal wastes, 50-100 parts of fish meal are mixed to get fermentation raw material, and the water content for adjusting fermentation raw material is 50-65%, is inoculated with EM bacterium solutions
10-15 parts, fermentation 2-3 weeks after being sufficiently mixed uniformly, after fermentation by fermentation material and pomace in mass ratio 100:2-3 mixing is equal
It is even.
Further, the step（1）The breeding density of middle earthworm is 8-10 items/m2.
Further, the step（2）Middle slow-release fertilizer dosage is 200-300kg/ mus；Microbial-bacterial fertilizer is silicate bacteria
Fertilizer, dosage are 30-50kg/ mus.
Further, step（3）Described in microbial liquid fertilizer contain bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens,
Bacillus licheniformis.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Organic fertilizer used in the present invention has the pomace of not fermented decomposition rich in minerals such as selenium, calcium, and microbial activity is high,
Passing through consolidation so that soil with organic matter, content of mineral substances are balanced, are sufficiently mixed with soil particle, optimize soil environment,
After launching earthworm kind, temperature is improved using the fermentation of microorganism in organic fertilizer, is conducive to earthworm and breeds, and pomace is easy in organic fertilizer
Digestion, rapid absorptions for being conducive to earthworm is bred, after drying a period of time, earthworm, probiotics biomass expand rapidly, promotion is native
The degradation of organic matter, the dissolution of minerals in earth.
Grape, vetch are planted again, applies slow-release fertilizer, silicate bacteria fertilizer, and further balanced soil nutrient utilizes
Decomposition of the silicate bacteria to minerals promotes the ingredients such as silicon, calcium, iron release in soil, promotes the growth of grape and vetch；
Also, since the decomposing organism group that probiotics in soil and earthworm form is formed, inhibits the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, reduce kind
The generation of disease in plant reduces the allelochemical that plant generates in continuous cropping, improves continuous cropping yield.
In addition, the vetch that grape is in the ranks planted can make full use of hayashishita illumination, the nitrogen in fixed air to improve
Fertility inhibits weed growth, vetch to have certain medical value, can increase economic well-being of workers and staff.
To reach grape yield and quality, increasing both production and income reduces the purpose of planting cost.
Specific implementation mode
The preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below.
It should be appreciated that preferred embodiment is only for illustrating the present invention, the protection domain being not intended to be limiting of the invention, with
Silicate bacterial fertilizer used is provided by Hubei Qiming Bio Engineering Co., Ltd. in lower embodiment, and microbial liquid fertilizer is that Jing County is fertile more
Fertilizer Co., Ltd provides, and slow-release fertilizer is the slow-release compound fertilizer that Anhui red Jing Dian agricultural science and technologys Co., Ltd provides.
Embodiment one
A kind of efficient implantation methods of grape of interplanting vetch, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
（1）Consolidation：
30cm is ploughed deeply into vineyard, decomposed dung, 400kg/ mus of application granularity≤0.8mm phosphorus slags are applied according to 1000kg/ mus, then
Shallow plowing 15cm ditches according to line-spacing 60cm, self-prepared organic fertilizer is applied in ditch by 600kg/ mus, and press 8/m2Density throw
Earthworm kind is put, earthing 3cm is dried 5 days；
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer is：
It takes stalk 1000kg, withered grass 400kg to crush the powder for granularity 1.5cm, fermentation is mixed to get with 160kg, 100kg fish meal
Raw material, the water content for adjusting fermentation raw material are 50%, 10 kg of inoculation EM bacterium solutions, fermentation 2 weeks, fermentation ends after being sufficiently mixed uniformly
Fermentation material is uniformly mixed with 60kg pomaces afterwards.
（2）Plantation：
According to spacing in the rows 70cm in step（1）Ready-made groove face digs cave, according to applying slow-release fertilizer, silicate bacteria successively in kind of plant hole
Fertilizer, grapevine seedling, earthing compacting, in the ranks plant a line vetch in grape according to spacing in the rows 30cm kinds；
The slow-release fertilizer dosage is 200kg/ mus；Silicate bacterial fertilizer dosage is 30kg/ mus.
（3）Field management：
A, vetch Seedling Stage manually cut weeds for 1 time, in Growing season, monthly adds primary decomposed night soil, dosage is
100kg/ mus；
B, it before entering the winter every year, by grapevine seedling digs cave and adds self-prepared organic fertilizer, 500kg, the beginning of the year is used to start winter and repair per acre
It cuts, by the branch cut, whiting is broken is placed on around grapevine trunk for fallen leaves；April early and middle ten days, grape starts rudiment；It selects and remain strong
Strong, full young shoot, bundlees branch；Simultaneously by 100kg/ mus using microbial liquid fertilizer, late April is rudiment, newly slightly grows
Phase；It carries out foliage-spray and handles 0.8% AVM hereinafter nimbin emulsion biogenic pesticide, 100g/ mus of dosage；May, in the first tenday period of a month, be out
Flower is beared fruit the phase；1000 times of kuh-seng aqueous slkalis of foliage-spray are carried out, it is uniform to be sprayed onto blade face droplet；Florescence arranges fringe shape, pinches pair
Fringe and fringe point, remove tendril；Pay attention to extracing apical dominance after spending, removal is secondary slightly, blooms to before plucking fruit from grape in May, every two
It is 50kg/ mus to use a microbial liquid fertilizer, dosage week.
Embodiment two
A kind of efficient implantation methods of grape of interplanting vetch, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
（1）Consolidation：
40cm is ploughed deeply into vineyard, applies decomposed dung, 500kg/ mus of application granularity≤1mm phosphorus slags according to 1200kg/ mus, then shallow
30cm is ploughed, is ditched according to line-spacing 70cm, applies self-prepared organic fertilizer in ditch by 700kg/ mus, and press 9/m2Density launch
Earthworm kind, earthing 4cm are dried 10 days；
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer is：
It takes stalk 700kg, withered grass 250kg to crush the powder for granularity 1.5cm, is mixed with 200kg animal wastes, 80kg fish meal
To fermentation raw material, the water content for adjusting fermentation raw material is 60%, is inoculated with EM bacterium solution 12kg, fermentation 16 days, hair after being sufficiently mixed uniformly
Fermentation material is uniformly mixed with 42kg pomaces after ferment.
（2）Plantation：
According to spacing in the rows 60cm in step（1）Ready-made groove face digs cave, according to applying slow-release fertilizer, silicate bacteria successively in kind of plant hole
Fertilizer, grapevine seedling, earthing compacting, in the ranks plant a line vetch in grape according to spacing in the rows 25cm kinds；
The slow-release fertilizer dosage is 250kg/ mus；Silicate bacterial fertilizer dosage is 40kg/ mus.
（3）Field management：
A, vetch Seedling Stage manually cut weeds for 2 times, in Growing season, monthly adds primary decomposed night soil, dosage is
150kg/ mus；
B, it before entering the winter every year, by grapevine seedling digs cave and adds self-prepared organic fertilizer, 600kg, the beginning of the year is used to start winter and repair per acre
It cuts, by the branch cut, whiting is broken is placed on around grapevine trunk for fallen leaves；April early and middle ten days, grape starts rudiment；It selects and remain strong
Strong, full young shoot, bundlees branch；Simultaneously by 110kg/ mus using microbial liquid fertilizer, late April is rudiment, newly slightly grows
Phase；It carries out foliage-spray and handles 0.8% AVM hereinafter nimbin emulsion biogenic pesticide, 120g/ mus of dosage；May, in the first tenday period of a month, be out
Flower is beared fruit the phase；1000 times of kuh-seng aqueous slkalis of foliage-spray are carried out, it is uniform to be sprayed onto blade face droplet；Florescence arranges fringe shape, pinches pair
Fringe and fringe point, remove tendril；Pay attention to extracing apical dominance after spending, removal is secondary slightly, blooms to before plucking fruit from grape in May, every two
It is 60kg/ mus to use a microbial liquid fertilizer, dosage week.
Embodiment three
A kind of efficient implantation methods of grape of interplanting vetch, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
（1）Consolidation：
50cm is ploughed deeply into vineyard, applies 600kg/ mus of application granularity 1mm phosphorus slags of decomposed dung according to 1500kg/ mus, then plough shallowly
40cm ditches according to line-spacing 80cm, self-prepared organic fertilizer is applied in ditch by 800kg/ mus, and press 10/m2Density launch earthworm
Earthworm kind, earthing 5cm are dried 15 days；
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer is：
Stalk 800kg, 300 kg of withered grass is taken to crush the powder for granularity 1.5cm, it is mixed with 300 kg animal wastes, 100 kg fish meal
Conjunction obtains fermentation raw material, and the water content for adjusting fermentation raw material is 65%, 15 kg of inoculation EM bacterium solutions, fermentation after being sufficiently mixed uniformly
Week fermentation material is uniformly mixed with 50kg after fermentation.
（2）Plantation：
According to spacing in the rows 70cm in step（1）Ready-made groove face digs cave, according to applying slow-release fertilizer, silicate bacteria successively in kind of plant hole
Fertilizer, grapevine seedling, earthing compacting, in the ranks plant a line vetch in grape according to spacing in the rows 30cm kinds；The slow-release fertilizer dosage is
300kg/ mus；Silicate bacterial fertilizer dosage is 50kg/ mus.
（3）Field management：
A, vetch Seedling Stage manually cut weeds for 2 times, in Growing season, monthly adds primary decomposed night soil, dosage is
200kg/ mus；
B, before entering the winter every year, organic fertilizer is added in digging cave by grapevine seedling, and 800kg, the beginning of the year is used to start winter pruning per acre, will
Whiting is broken is placed on around grapevine trunk for the branch cut, fallen leaves, April early and middle ten days, grape starts rudiment；It selects and remain healthy and strong, full
Full young shoot, bundlees branch；Simultaneously by 150kg/ mus using microbial liquid fertilizer, late April is rudiment, new slightly growth period；It carries out
Foliage-spray handles 0.8% AVM hereinafter nimbin emulsion biogenic pesticide, 150g/ mus of dosage；The first tenday period of a month in May are to bloom, bear fruit
Phase；1000 times of kuh-seng aqueous slkalis of foliage-spray are carried out, it is uniform to be sprayed onto blade face droplet；Florescence arranges fringe shape, pinches secondary fringe and fringe
Point removes tendril；Pay attention to extracing apical dominance after spending, removal is secondary slightly to bloom from grape in May to before plucking fruit, uses every 3 weeks
Microbial liquid fertilizer, dosage are 80kg/ mus.
Test example
In January, 2013, in the Bijie City Qianxi County townshiies Tai Lai grape-planting regions, 5 mu of plantation for selecting topography smooth, with this hair
Bright planting technology is planted, and is test group, optionally 5 mu of plantation progress general planting similar in soil constituent, for control
Group, two groups do not influence each other, and Pest management measure is consistent, and survival rate, disease incidence are counted in planting process, production is counted after harvest
Amount and nutrient composition content, test result are as follows：
As can be seen that the technology of the present invention significantly improves the survival rate of grape, test group output increased 21.8% can in grape
Dissolubility sugared content, total phenol content improve notable.
Finally illustrate, the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although with reference to compared with
Good embodiment describes the invention in detail, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, it can be to the skill of the present invention
Art scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the objective and range of the technical program, should all be covered in the present invention
Right in.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of efficient implantation methods of grape of interplanting vetch, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
（1）Consolidation：
30-50cm is ploughed deeply into vineyard, decomposed dung, 400-600kg/ mus of application mineral are applied according to 1000-1500kg/ mus
Fertilizer, then the 15-40cm that ploughs shallowly ditch according to line-spacing 60-80cm, apply self-prepared organic fertilizer in ditch by 600-800kg/ mus, and throw
Earthworm kind is put, earthing 3-5cm is dried 5-15 days；
（2）Plantation：
According to spacing in the rows 50-70cm in step（1）Ready-made groove face digs cave, applies slow-release fertilizer, microbial bacteria successively in kind of plant hole
Fertilizer, grapevine seedling, earthing compacting, in the ranks plant a line vetch in grape according to spacing in the rows 20-30cm kinds；
（3）Field management：
A, vetch Seedling Stage manually cut weeds for 1-2 times, in Growing season, monthly adds primary decomposed night soil, dosage is
100-200kg/ mus；
B, before entering the winter every year, self-prepared organic fertilizer is added in digging cave by grapevine seedling, and 500-800kg, the beginning of the year is used to start the winter per acre
Season trims, and by the branch cut, whiting is broken is placed on around grapevine trunk for fallen leaves；April early and middle ten days, grape starts rudiment；Choosing
Healthy and strong, full young shoot is stayed, branch is bundled；Simultaneously by 100-120kg/ mus using microbial liquid fertilizer, late April is rudiment, new
Slightly growth period；It carries out foliage-spray and handles 0.8% AVM hereinafter nimbin emulsion biogenic pesticide, 100-150g/ mus of dosage；May
The first tenday period of a month are to bloom, bear fruit the phase；1000 times of kuh-seng aqueous slkalis of foliage-spray are carried out, it is uniform to be sprayed onto blade face droplet；Florescence arranges
Fringe shape pinches secondary fringe and fringe point, removes tendril；Pay attention to extracing apical dominance after spending, removal is secondary slightly, blooms to plucking fruit from grape in May
Before, it is 50-80kg/ mus to use a microbial liquid fertilizer, dosage every two weeks.
2. the efficient implantation methods of grape of interplanting vetch according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step（1）Middle institute
It is phosphorus slag to state mineral fertilizer, granularity≤1mm.
3. the efficient implantation methods of grape of interplanting vetch according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step（1）Middle institute
It is as follows to state self-prepared organic fertilizer preparation method：
In terms of mass parts, 500-800 parts of stalk, 200-300 parts of withered grass is taken to crush the powder for being granularity 1.5cm, with 80-300 parts
Animal wastes, 50-100 parts of fish meal are mixed to get fermentation raw material, and the water content for adjusting fermentation raw material is 50-65%, is inoculated with EM bacterium solutions
10-15 parts, fermentation 2-3 weeks after being sufficiently mixed uniformly, after fermentation by fermentation material and pomace in mass ratio 100:2-3 mixing is equal
It is even.
4. the efficient implantation methods of grape of interplanting vetch according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
（1）The breeding density of middle earthworm is 8-10 items/m2。
5. the efficient implantation methods of grape of interplanting vetch according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
（2）Middle slow-release fertilizer dosage is 200-300kg/ mus；Microbial-bacterial fertilizer is silicate bacterial fertilizer, and dosage is 30-50kg/ mus.
6. the efficient implantation methods of grape of interplanting vetch according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step（3）Middle institute
The microbial liquid fertilizer stated contains bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN110178677A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-30 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of implantation methods of dry-hot valley hyacinth bean and grape interplanting |
| CN112237119A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-01-19 | 湖南省兆祥生态农业科技有限公司 | High-yield grape planting method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110178677A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-30 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of implantation methods of dry-hot valley hyacinth bean and grape interplanting |
| CN112237119A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-01-19 | 湖南省兆祥生态农业科技有限公司 | High-yield grape planting method |
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