CN108349217B - 制造焊接的部件的方法和该部件的用途 - Google Patents

制造焊接的部件的方法和该部件的用途 Download PDF

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CN108349217B
CN108349217B CN201680065952.9A CN201680065952A CN108349217B CN 108349217 B CN108349217 B CN 108349217B CN 201680065952 A CN201680065952 A CN 201680065952A CN 108349217 B CN108349217 B CN 108349217B
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T·孚罗里西
S·林德纳
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Outokumpu Oyj
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造焊接的部件的方法，其中至少一个材料件被定位在待焊接在一起的金属件之间。在待焊接在一起的金属件(3，4；11，12；21，22；31，32；41，42)中的至少一个金属件上设置至少一个突出部(5，13，23，33，43)，在至少一个材料件(1，15，25，35，45)上设置至少一个开口(2，14，24，34，44)，所述至少一个材料件定位在待焊接的金属件(3，4；11，12；21，22；31，32；41，42)之间并且与待焊接的金属件隔离(16，17；26；36)。待焊接在一起的那些金属件中的一个金属件中的突出部(5，13，23，33，43)的至少一部分穿过开口(2，14，24，34，44)，以便通过所述突出部(5，13，23，33，43)的上端部使得所述一个金属件与待焊接的第二金属件机械接触。通过将焊接效果集中到所述第二金属件的表面上来实施将所述金属件焊接在一起的焊接操作(37，38，39)，所述第二金属件的表面利用突出部连接到所述待焊接的第一金属件。本发明还涉及所述部件的用途。

Description

制造焊接的部件的方法和该部件的用途
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过将金属件焊接在一起使得将至少一个材料件定位在待焊接在一起的金属件之间来制造部件的方法。本发明还涉及该部件的用途。
背景技术
包含紧固到彼此的至少两种不同材料的材料构造对于诸如汽车、商用车辆、公共汽车或铁路车辆的运输工具制造领域变得越来越重要。所谓的“多材料设计”希望每次都将正确的材料施加到正确的位置。但是传统的连结方法在不同的连结组合(比如钢和铝或钢和碳纤维)方面达到极限。另一个问题是所用材料的不同腐蚀电位。当片材或元件之间存在直接接触时，腐蚀会侵蚀不抗腐蚀的材料。当存在潮湿区域或溶液(如氯化物)时，问题将会更加严重。
GB专利1363536描述了一种结构面板，其厚度尺寸大于组合中采用的面板的厚度之和，所述组合使用从面板平面穿孔而出的多个突片，其中，所有突片都直立于面板片材的平面上。此外，突片可以彼此附接，使得在两个片材之间延伸的中间突片对之间存在紧密邻接。GB专利1363536示出了突片垂直于面板片材的垂直位置以及为了加强面板而与穿孔一起形成的突片对。在该结构中，只有两个面板层被彼此连接。
发明内容
本发明的目的是消除现有技术的缺点，并且实现一种用于制造焊接的部件的方法，其中，至少一个材料件位于待焊接在一起的金属件之间。本发明的目的还在于该部件的用途。在所附权利要求中列出了本发明的主要特征。
根据本发明，在待焊接在一起的金属件中的至少一个金属件上设置至少一个突出部。在将要定位在待焊接的金属件之间的至少一个材料件上设置至少一个开口，使得待焊接在一起的金属件中的一个金属件中的突出部的至少一部分穿过所述开口。因此通过突出部的上端部实现了所述一个金属件与待焊接的第二金属件的机械接触。通过将焊接效果集中到第二金属件的表面上来将金属件焊接在一起，该第二金属件的表面与待焊接的第一金属件的突出部相连接。
在根据本发明制造的部件中，待焊接在一起的金属件中的至少一个金属件因此设置有至少一个突出部，以便通过突出部的上端部而与待焊接的第二金属件机械接触。当用术语“第一金属件”描述本发明时，是指具有突出部的金属件，而用术语“第二金属件”描述本发明时，是指与所述突出部的上端部机械接触的对置的金属件。当用术语“突出部的上端部”来描述本发明时，是指突出部的这样的端部：所述端部对置于在焊接之前就固定于一个金属件的突出部的端部。在本发明的一个实施例中，这两个金属件如此设置突出部：使得这些金属件中的一个金属件的突出部不会与对置的金属件中的突出部相对置。
设置有至少一个开口的材料件作为夹层被定位成待焊接的金属件之间的夹层。材料件的开口成形为使得待焊接在一起的那些金属件中的一个金属件中的突出部的至少一部分穿过所述开口。针对开口定位突出部，使得防止突出部与开口之间的任何直接接触。然后，突出部的已经穿过开口的部分与待焊接的第二金属件的表面机械连接。当金属件彼此如此定位时，通过将焊接效果集中到与待焊接的金属件的突出部相接触的金属件的表面来实施根据本发明的焊接。因此，实现了堆叠的焊接的部件，所述焊接的部件包括位于焊接的金属件之间的至少一个材料件。
由于本发明的方法能够将两种材料作为三部分部件连结而不使所述两种材料直接接触彼此，因此根据本发明可以连结不能够直接焊接在一起的材料组合且包括至少三个部分。因此，具有开口的材料件以形封闭方法或形配合连接方法那样连结到其它片材，待焊接的金属件彼此之间具有材料连接，所述材料连接抵靠所述材料件。因此，夹层材料和焊接金属件之间的不同的腐蚀电化学电位与利用本发明的方法制造的部件无关。
根据本发明的待焊接在一起的金属件由涂层钢、不锈钢、铝、镁、铜或黄铜制成。金属件由类似的材料或者由形成材料组合的材料制成，所述材料可焊接在一起。通过例如电阻焊接工艺、TIG点焊或束焊工艺(例如激光束焊接或电子束焊接)的热连结工艺来实施将金属件焊接在一起。待焊接在一起的金属件中的至少一个金属件设置有至少一个突出部，在这种情况下金属件至少部分是三维的。突出部具有圆锥形、销形、渐缩形或有利于实现与待焊接的另一金属件的机械接触的任何其他几何形状。有利的是，金属件设置有若干突出部，所述若干突出部通过例如注塑、铆接、螺旋凸出(spiring)、膨胀或液压成型的成型工艺而制造。
作为夹层定位在待焊接的金属件之间的材料件由金属基的材料(例如涂层钢、不锈钢、铝、镁、铜或黄铜)制成或者由纤维复合材料或水泥板制成。夹层设置有至少一个开口，所述至少一个开口针对金属件的突出部而定位，使得突出部的至少一部分可以穿过开口，并且防止所述突出部与夹层材料发生任何机械接触。有利的是，夹层具有若干开口，所述若干开口可以通过为夹层穿孔而制成。可以通过冲裁、冲压、钻孔、切割或热切割(如激光束或等离子体射流和等离子束)来制造夹层的穿孔。
根据本发明，具有突出部的金属件被堆叠到夹层的开口中。夹层中开口的区域如此成形，使得突出部的至少一部分以这种方式穿过开口：使得夹层与突出部之间以及夹层与金属件之间在堆叠期间和堆叠之后不发生接触。为了防止堆叠之前发生夹层与突出部之间的接触，在夹层的表面上分布隔离材料的层。隔离材料是聚合物、流动性粘合剂、胶带、遍布绒状织物材料的带、塑料隔离材料或陶瓷材料。隔离材料避免了待焊接的金属件与夹层材料之间的电化学绝缘、产生电流和接触腐蚀的风险。在堆叠期间，由于开口和突出部之间的位置，因此夹层被形状锁定和连结。在将金属件堆叠和焊接在一起之后，夹层以期望的方式被压在金属件之间，以便获得焊接的部件。
通过本发明的方法所制造的部件被用作为将客车的横梁、纵梁、前壁、立柱、地板组件或通道彼此连结的连接部分或连结区域，例如作为B柱和车门踏轨(rocker rail)之间的连接件。部件还可以用作为将轨道车辆的侧壁、地板，顶板或踏板彼此连结的连接部分或连结区域，例如作为地板和侧壁之间的连接件。此外，该部件可以用作为连接部分或连结区域，以便连结农业机械、公共汽车或卡车的片材、板材，管材或型材，以及在航空航天或航天飞行的解决方案中连结板和片材，例如作为地板和侧壁之间的连接件。该部件还可用于建筑施工，例如作为建筑物外壳和面元件之间的连接件，以及用于桥梁构造和建筑物构造，例如作为钢筋混凝土的替代材料。
使用通过本发明的方法制造的部件可以制造半成品，例如夹层板和/或定制部件。此外，通过本发明的方法制造的部件可以用作与至少一个其他部件相连接的适配部件。
附图说明
参照附图更详细地描述本发明，在所述附图中：
图1示意性地示出在堆叠之前从上方的倾斜位置观察的本发明的一个优选实施例的轴测投影；
图2示意性地示出在堆叠和焊接之后的图1的实施例的侧视图，
图3示意性地示出在堆叠之后的本发明的一个优选实施例的截面侧视图；
图4示意性地示出在堆叠之后的本发明的一个优选实施例的截面侧视图；
图5示意性示出在堆叠和焊接之后的本发明的一个优选实施例的截面侧视图；
图6示意性示出在堆叠和焊接之后的本发明的一个优选实施例的截面侧视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中，夹层片材1设置有孔2，夹层片材1位于两块金属片材3和4之间。金属片材3构造成使得突出部5成形在金属片材3的表面上。
在图2中，金属片材3和4堆叠成使得突出部5部分地穿过夹层片材1的孔2。通过突出部5的上端部，金属片材3和4具有机械接触部。实现夹层片材1与金属片材3和4之间隔离的隔离材料没有被示出。
在图3中，金属片材11和12堆叠成使得突出部13部分地穿过夹层15中的孔14。夹层15由两个隔离材料16和17支撑，以便防止突出部13和夹层15之间发生任何机械接触。
在图4中，金属片材21和22堆叠成使得突出部23部分地穿过夹层25中的孔24。夹层25由一种隔离材料26支撑，以便防止突出部23和夹层25之间发生任何机械接触。
在图5中，金属片材31和32堆叠成使得突出部33部分地穿过夹层35中的孔34。夹层35由一种隔离材料36支撑，以便防止突出部33与夹层35之间发生任何机械接触。图5还示出了用于将金属片材31和32焊接在一起的替代方案：由电阻点焊产生的焊核37、由激光束工艺产生的焊缝38以及由TIG点焊工艺产生的焊缝39。
在图6中，金属片材41和42堆叠成使得突出部43部分地穿过夹层45中的孔44。未示出任何隔离材料。为了由本发明的部件制造定制产品，金属片材41具有连结到另一个部件47的连结部46，并且夹层45具有连结夹层材料49的连结部48，所述夹层材料49与本发明的部件的夹层45分离。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于制造焊接的部件的方法，其中至少一个材料件被定位在待焊接在一起的金属件之间，其特征在于，在待焊接在一起的金属件中的至少一个金属件上设置至少一个突出部，并且在定位于待焊接的所述金属件之间并且与待焊接的所述金属件隔离的至少一个材料件上设置至少一个开口，使得待焊接在一起的那些所述金属件中的一个金属件中的所述突出部的至少一部分穿过所述开口，以便通过所述突出部的上端部使得所述一个金属件与待焊接的第二金属件发生机械接触，通过将焊接效果集中到所述第二金属件的表面上来实施将所述金属件焊接在一起的焊接操作，所述第二金属件的表面与待焊接的第一金属件的所述突出部相连接，并且隔离材料分布在材料件的表面上，以便防止所述材料件和所述突出部之间发生接触。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述突出部由成型工艺制造而成，所述成型工艺是注塑、铆接、螺旋凸出、膨胀或液压成型。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述材料件中的所述开口通过冲裁、冲压、钻孔、切割、激光束、等离子体射流或等离子束制造而成，其中，所述切割包括热切割。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，通过热连结工艺将所述金属件焊接在一起，其中，所述热连结工艺是电阻焊工艺、TIG点焊工艺或束焊接工艺，并且其中，所述束焊接工艺是激光束焊接工艺或电子束焊接工艺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述隔离材料是聚合物、流动性粘合剂、粘合带、遍布绒状织物材料的带、塑料隔离材料或陶瓷材料。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，待焊接在一起的所述金属件由涂层钢、不锈钢、铝、镁、铜或黄铜制成。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述材料件由金属基的材料、纤维复合材料或水泥板或陶瓷材料制成，其中，所述金属基的材料是涂覆钢、不锈钢、铝、镁、铜或黄铜。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述突出部被成形为销形、渐缩形或有利于实现所述突出部与待焊接的另一金属件机械接触的任何其他的几何形状。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法制造的部件的用途，所述用途是作为客车中的连接部分或连结区域。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法制造的部件的用途，所述用途是作为铁路车辆中的连接部分或连结区域。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法制造的部件的用途，所述用途是作为农业机械中的连接部分或连结区域。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法制造的部件的用途，所述用途是作为公共汽车或卡车中的连接部分或连结区域。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法制造的部件的用途，所述用途是作为航空航天解决方案中的连接部分或连结区域。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法制造的部件的用途，所述用途是作为空间飞行解决方案中的连接部分或连结区域。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法制造的部件的用途，所述用途是作为与至少一个其他部件相连接的适配构件。
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