CN108338266B - Sheep feed taking albizia julibrissin as raw material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Sheep feed taking albizia julibrissin as raw material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN108338266B
CN108338266B CN201810087439.0A CN201810087439A CN108338266B CN 108338266 B CN108338266 B CN 108338266B CN 201810087439 A CN201810087439 A CN 201810087439A CN 108338266 B CN108338266 B CN 108338266B
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feed
disease
julibrissin
sheep
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姚娜
韦锦益
黄一龙
赖志强
丘金花
蒋玉秀
曹艳红
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Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute of Animal Husbandry
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract

The invention discloses a sheep feed taking albizia julibrissin as a raw material, which comprises the following raw materials: pretreated albizzia julibrissin durazzini, elephant grass hay, corn flour, soybean meal, baking soda, vitamins, amino acid additives, salt, stone powder, disease-resistant liquid and probiotics; the preparation method of the sheep feed comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting tender stem and leaf of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz into small segments, soaking in warm water, freezing at-20 deg.C, placing into a fermentation container, controlling stack thickness of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz, mixing with extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 23-30 ℃ for 20-35 h, drying and dehydrating to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; (2) crushing and granulating; (3) and (5) coating. The feed can improve the palatability of leguminous forage, and provides the sheep feed which effectively reduces the feeding cost, has comprehensive nutritional value, is easy to absorb and improves the disease resistance.

Description

Sheep feed taking albizia julibrissin as raw material and preparation method thereof
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the field of feeds, and particularly relates to a sheep feed taking albizia julibrissin as a raw material and a preparation method thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
At present, agricultural and sideline crop straws such as peanut straws, soybean straws, wheat straws and the like are mainly used for developing and applying sheep feed in China, in order to meet the daily nutritional requirements of breeding sheep and commercial sheep, a large amount of corn, soybean meal and the like are required to be added into the feed to improve the content of protein in the feed, the feed cost is high, the feed consumes grains extremely, and the feed is contrary to the concept of the conversion from the traditional grain consumption type animal husbandry to the modern grain saving type animal husbandry provided at the present stage of China. Unreasonable feed component composition not only seriously affects the feed conversion rate, but also affects breeding efficiency of breeding sheep, and affects the slaughtering rate, slaughtering time, meat quality and the like of commercial sheep.
The albizia julibrissin durazzini is leguminous shrubs, the plant height is 1.5-3 m, even feather-shaped compound leaves are provided, the leaf quality is soft, the palatability is good, the nutrition is rich, the dry matter in the tender stem leaves contains 25% of crude protein, and the calcium and phosphorus content is high. The albizia julibrissin dura willd prefers high temperature, is cold-resistant, drought-resistant, barren-resistant, acid-resistant, high in stress resistance, wide in adaptability, rapid in growth, luxuriant in branches and leaves, and can be mown for 3-4 times every year, and the annual production of fresh grass is more than 3000 kg/mu, is introduced from the United states in 1987, is usually used as leguminous pasture of herbivorous animals such as cattle, sheep and rabbits and the like to be cultivated and fed fresh. The leguminous forage namely the albizzia julibrissin durazzini is used as a main protein source of sheep, and has the effects of reducing the breeding cost, improving the production efficiency and the like. Although albizzia julibrissin durazzini has many years of growth, the growth rate is reduced and the quality is reduced after 10 months of autumn. And with the increase of labor cost, the labor investment of breeding enterprises is increased by feeding fresh grass. At present, the research results and invention patents of the sheep feed taking the albizzia julibrissin as the raw material do not exist at home and abroad.
The common Leucaena leucocephala does not contain mimotoxin, so that the process steps of detoxification can be reduced in the processing process, the production cost is saved, but the neutral detergent fiber and the acidic detergent fiber of the Leucaena leucocephala have high content which respectively reach 39.70% and 34.20%, and after the conventional fermentation treatment, the Leucaena leucocephala is still difficult to be completely digested by mutton sheep, so that the mutton sheep generate negative effect on the dry matter feed intake, the mutton sheep feed and the absorption of other nutrient substances are influenced, and the resistance of the mutton sheep to diseases is further reduced. Therefore, the research on the feed capable of reducing the content of neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber, promoting the mutton sheep to comprehensively absorb the nutrient components of the feed and improving the immunity of the mutton sheep has wide market popularization value.
[ summary of the invention ]
Aiming at the difficulties in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sheep feed taking albizia julibrissin as a raw material and a preparation method thereof. The sheep feed provided by the invention comprises the following raw materials: pretreated albizzia julibrissin durazzini, elephant grass hay, corn flour, soybean meal, baking soda, vitamins, amino acid additives, salt, stone powder, disease-resistant liquid and probiotics. The method comprises the steps of pretreating the albizzia julibrissin to degrade lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in the albizzia julibrissin, so that the content of neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber in the albizzia julibrissin is reduced; then making the raw materials into pills; finally, by the technical means of coating treatment, a disease-resistant protective film is formed on the surface of the pellet feed, so that the disease resistance of the mutton sheep is improved. The feed can improve the palatability of leguminous forage, and provides the sheep feed which effectively reduces the feeding cost, has comprehensive nutritive value, is easy to absorb and convenient to use, and improves the disease resistance.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a sheep feed taking Leucosceps microphylla as a raw material is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
25-30 parts of pretreated sillibania microphylla, 30-50 parts of elephant grass hay, 5-10 parts of corn flour, 5-8 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-1.5 parts of baking soda, 2-3 parts of vitamin and amino acid additive, 0.1-1.5 parts of salt, 2-4 parts of mountain flour and 1-2 parts of probiotics;
the preparation method of the sheep feed comprises the following steps:
(1) prep. of LeucosceptaAnd (3) treatment: according to parts by weight, 100 parts of tender stems and leaves of albizia julibrissin durazzini are cut into small segments of 1-2 cm, the small segments are placed into warm water at 35-45 ℃ to be soaked for 12-20 min, the small segments are taken out and then are rapidly frozen in an environment at-20 ℃ for 24-36 h, the small segments are placed into a fermentation container after being thawed, the stacking thickness of the small segments of albizia julibrissin durazzini is controlled to be 4-6 cm, 3-7 parts of extracellular enzyme are mixed, N is introduced, and the mixture is stirred2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 23-30 ℃ for 20-35 h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated albizia julibrissin;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring all the raw materials except the disease-resistant liquid according to a formula, crushing to 40-60 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, and then putting the granules into a shot blasting machine to prepare pellets to obtain pellet feed;
(3) coating treatment: putting the pellet feed into a fluidized bed, taking the disease-resistant liquid as a coating liquid, and coating for 120-180 min under the conditions that the air source pressure is 0.5-0.8 MPa, the airtight pressure is 0.5MPa, the air inlet temperature is 45 ℃ and the air outlet temperature is 35 ℃ to obtain a sheep feed finished product.
In the present invention, as a further illustration, the disease-resistant solution of step (3) is prepared by the following method: according to the weight parts, 25 parts of sodium alginate and 100 parts of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, a stirrer is started, stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 10000-30000 r/min, then 10 parts of banana polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 10-25% are injected into the solution system at the speed of 15m/s, and the disease-resistant solution is obtained after stirring at a constant speed for 30-60 min.
In the invention, as further illustration, the viscosity of the disease-resistant liquid is 200-300 mpa.s.
In the present invention, as a further explanation, N in the step (1)2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 18 to 27.
In the present invention, as a further explanation, the process parameters of the pellet preparation in step (2) are as follows: the rotating speed of the rotating centrifugal disc is 10-20 r/min, and the circle throwing time is 30-45 min.
In the invention, as a further explanation, the particle size of the pellet feed in the step (2) is 1-2 cm.
The specific effects of part of raw materials are as follows:
the elephant grass hay is used for providing protein for the mutton sheep in the invention.
Corn meal, which is used in the present invention to provide carbohydrates for mutton sheep.
The soybean meal is used for providing protein and crude fat for the mutton sheep.
Stone powder, vitamins and amino acid additives, are used in the present invention to increase the content of calcium, phosphorus and trace elements in the feed.
Baking soda and salt, which are used in the invention to improve the palatability of the feed.
The probiotics are used for improving the growth of beneficial flora, are helpful for exhausting and prevent digestive system diseases such as tympanites, diarrhea and the like.
Extracellular enzymes, used in the present invention to degrade lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose.
N2The gas, used in the present invention to create a nitrogen environment for fermentation, promotes fermentation of the material.
C02The gas is used for creating an acidic gas environment and promoting the fermentation of the materials.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for pretreating the albizzia julibrissin by the acid washing process can degrade lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in the albizzia julibrissin, so that the content of neutral washing fiber and acidic washing fiber in the albizzia julibrissin is reduced. The invention firstly expands the volume of water molecules in the structure of the albizzia julibrissin by freezing treatment, and struts the internal organization structure of the albizzia julibrissin from the inside, so that the structure of the albizzia julibrissin becomes loose, which is beneficial to the subsequent degradation process; then, the stacking thickness of the albizzia julibrissin durazzini is controlled to be 4-6 cm, so that the extracellular enzyme can be always in a low-pressure state in the process of degrading lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, and the degradation process is facilitated; finally, filling with N2/C02In a mixed gas atmosphere of (2), with C02Gas being the main gas, N2The gas is auxiliary gas, and passes through high C02Gas-promoted fermentation of microorganisms with low N2The gas can provide a nitrogen source for the microorganisms, and further promote the fermentation of the microorganisms.
2. The disease-resistant liquid adopted by the invention can combine the advantages of sodium alginate and banana polysaccharide, provides biomass for mutton sheep, and improves the disease resistance of the mutton sheep. According to the invention, sodium alginate solution is stirred at an ultra high speed of 10000-30000 r/min to improve the collision probability among high-speed materials and form non-Newtonian fluid; then spraying the banana polysaccharide into a reaction system by a spraying technical means, so that the sodium alginate and the banana polysaccharide are collided at high strength to form a network structure. The disease-resistant liquid prepared by the invention can simultaneously contain the biomass of sodium alginate and banana polysaccharide, and the sodium alginate and the banana polysaccharide can interact with each other to jointly improve the disease resistance of the mutton sheep.
3. The invention solves the problem of the supply of sheep protein feed in autumn and winter, so the Leucaena leucocephala which is abundant in spring and summer is processed into complete pellet feed for feeding all the year round. The processed complete granulated feed of the Leucaena microphylla not only preserves the nutritive value of fresh grass, but also forms a specially colored grass product for commercial circulation through a nutritional formula, reduces the feeding labor input of part of breeding enterprises, reduces the breeding and labor cost, and is simple and efficient.
4. The invention makes full use of beneficial components of leguminous shrub feed albizia julibrissin durazzini, such as plant protein, active substances and the like, replaces cheap agricultural and sideline product straw powder and a part of grain feed, effectively reduces the cost of the breeding feed and increases the nutritional value of the feed. The invention effectively reduces the breeding cost, reduces the use of antibiotics and achieves the final aim of pollution-free ecological breeding of sheep.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
Example 1:
1. early preparation
Preparing disease-resistant liquid: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of sodium alginate and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, a stirrer is started, stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 10000r/min, then 10 portions of banana polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 10% are injected into the solution system at the speed of 15m/s, and stirring is carried out at a constant speed for 30min, so that the disease-resistant liquid with the viscosity of 200mpa.s is obtained.
The above-prepared material was used in the following production method.
2. A preparation method of sheep feed taking Leucaena microphylla as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Leucaena microphylla into 1cm segments, soaking in 35 deg.C warm water for 12min, taking out, rapidly freezing at-20 deg.C for 24 hr, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Leucaena microphylla to 4cm, mixing with 3 parts by weight of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 23 ℃ for 20h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 18;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 25 parts by weight of pretreated albizia julibrissin durazzini, 30 parts by weight of elephant grass hay, 5 parts by weight of corn flour, 5 parts by weight of soybean meal, 0.5 part by weight of sodium bicarbonate, 2 parts by weight of vitamin and amino acid additive, 0.1 part by weight of salt, 2 parts by weight of stone powder and 1 part by weight of probiotics, crushing to 40 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, putting the granules into a shot blasting machine, and preparing into balls under the conditions that the rotating speed of a rotary centrifugal disc is 10r/min and the throwing time is 30min to obtain ball feed with the particle size of 1 cm;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking the disease-resistant liquid as a coating liquid, and coating for 120min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.5MPa, airtight pressure of 0.5MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain a sheep feed finished product.
Example 2:
1. early preparation
Preparing disease-resistant liquid: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of sodium alginate and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, a stirrer is started, the stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 15000r/min, then 10 portions of banana polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 15% are injected into the solution system at the speed of 15m/s, and the constant-speed stirring is carried out for 40min, so that the disease-resistant solution with the viscosity of 220mpa.s is obtained.
The above-prepared material was used in the following production method.
2. A preparation method of sheep feed taking Leucaena microphylla as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz into 1.3cm segments, soaking in 37 deg.C warm water for 13min, taking out, rapidly freezing at-20 deg.C for 26h, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz to 4.5cm, mixing with 4 parts of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 24 ℃ for 25h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 20;
(2) crushing and granulating: according to the weight parts, after 29 parts of pretreated lesser leaf silktree albizzia, 34 parts of grassiness hay, 6 parts of corn flour, 6 parts of soybean meal, 0.7 part of baking soda, 2.3 parts of vitamin and amino acid additive, 0.12 part of salt, 2.5 parts of stone powder and 1.5 parts of probiotics are uniformly stirred, the mixture is crushed to 50 meshes, after the mixture is prepared into particles, the particles are sprayed and humidified to be moistened, then the particles are put into a shot blasting machine and are prepared into balls under the conditions that the rotating speed of a rotating centrifugal disc is 15r/min and the throwing time is 32min, and ball feed with the particle size of 1.7cm is obtained;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking the disease-resistant liquid as a coating liquid, and coating for 130min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.55MPa, airtight pressure of 0.5MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain a sheep feed finished product.
Example 3:
1. early preparation
Preparing disease-resistant liquid: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of sodium alginate and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, a stirrer is started, the stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 20000r/min, then 10 portions of banana polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 20% are injected into the solution system at the speed of 15m/s, and the constant-speed stirring is carried out for 50min, so that the disease-resistant liquid with the viscosity of 250mpa.s is obtained.
The above-prepared material was used in the following production method.
2. A preparation method of sheep feed taking Leucaena microphylla as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Leucaena microphylla into 1.3cm segments, soaking in 40 deg.C warm water for 15min, taking out, rapidly freezing at-20 deg.C for 30h, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Leucaena microphylla to 5cm, mixing with 6 parts of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 26 ℃ for 28h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 22;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 28 parts of pretreated albizia julibrissin durazzini, 36 parts of elephant grass hay, 6 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of soybean meal, 0.9 part of baking soda, 2.2 parts of vitamin and amino acid additive, 0.14 part of salt, 3 parts of stone powder and 1.7 parts of probiotics, crushing to 60 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, putting the granules into a shot blasting machine, and preparing into balls under the conditions that the rotating speed of a rotary centrifugal disc is 16r/min and the throwing time is 40min to obtain ball feed with the grain size of 1.6 cm;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking the disease-resistant liquid as a coating liquid, and coating for 160min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.7MPa, airtight pressure of 0.5MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain a sheep feed finished product.
Example 4:
1. early preparation
Preparing disease-resistant liquid: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of sodium alginate and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, a stirrer is started, the stirrer is stirred at the rotating speed of 23000r/min, then 10 portions of banana polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 20% are injected into the solution system at the speed of 15m/s, and after the solution is stirred at a constant speed for 45min, the disease-resistant solution with the viscosity of 270mpa.s is obtained.
The above-prepared material was used in the following production method.
2. A preparation method of sheep feed taking Leucaena microphylla as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz into 1.4cm segments, soaking in 41 deg.C warm water for 14min, taking out, rapidly freezing at-20 deg.C for 33h, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz to 5.3cm, mixing with 5 parts by weight of extracellular enzyme, introducing N, adding2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 27 ℃ for 32h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 25;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 28 parts of pretreated albizia julibrissin durazzini, 44 parts of elephant grass hay, 7 parts of corn flour, 6 parts of soybean meal, 0.9 part of baking soda, 2.4 parts of vitamin and amino acid additive, 0.11 part of salt, 3.5 parts of stone powder and 1.4 parts of probiotics, crushing to 40 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, putting the granules into a shot blasting machine, and preparing into balls under the conditions that the rotating speed of a rotary centrifugal disc is 16r/min and the throwing time is 40min to obtain ball feed with the grain size of 1.7 cm;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking the disease-resistant liquid as a coating liquid, and coating for 140min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.7MPa, airtight pressure of 0.5MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain a sheep feed finished product.
Example 5:
1. early preparation
Preparing disease-resistant liquid: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of sodium alginate and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, a stirrer is started, the stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 19000r/min, then 10 portions of banana polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 22% are injected into the solution system at the speed of 15m/s, and the constant-speed stirring is carried out for 52min, so that the disease-resistant solution with the viscosity of 290mpa.s is obtained.
The above-prepared material was used in the following production method.
2. A preparation method of sheep feed taking Leucaena microphylla as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz into 1.8cm segments, soaking in 43 deg.C warm water for 15min, taking out, rapidly freezing at-20 deg.C for 32h, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz to 5cm, mixing with 4 parts by weight of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 25 ℃ for 27h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 23;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 26 parts of pretreated albizia julibrissin durazzini, 47 parts of elephant grass hay, 8 parts of corn flour, 6 parts of soybean meal, 0.9 part of baking soda, 2.4 parts of vitamin and amino acid additive, 0.12 part of salt, 2.5 parts of stone powder and 1.6 parts of probiotics, crushing to 60 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, putting the granules into a shot blasting machine, and preparing into balls under the conditions that the rotating speed of a rotary centrifugal disc is 17r/min and the throwing time is 41min to obtain ball feed with the grain size of 1.6 cm;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking the disease-resistant liquid as a coating liquid, and coating for 170min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.6MPa, airtight pressure of 0.5MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain a sheep feed finished product.
Example 6:
1. early preparation
Preparing disease-resistant liquid: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of sodium alginate and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, a stirrer is started, the stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 30000r/min, then 10 portions of banana polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 25% are injected into the solution system at the speed of 15m/s, and the disease-resistant solution with the viscosity of 300mpa.s is obtained after the constant-speed stirring is carried out for 60 min.
The above-prepared material was used in the following production method.
2. A preparation method of sheep feed taking Leucaena microphylla as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Leucaena microphylla into 2cm segments, soaking in 45 deg.C warm water for 20min, taking out, rapidly freezing at-20 deg.C for 36h, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Leucaena microphylla to 6cm, mixing with 7 parts by weight of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 30 ℃ for 35 hours, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 27;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 30 parts of pretreated albizia julibrissin durazzini, 50 parts of elephant grass hay, 10 parts of corn flour, 8 parts of soybean meal, 1.5 parts of baking soda, 3 parts of vitamins and amino acid additives, 1.5 parts of salt, 4 parts of stone powder and 2 parts of probiotics, crushing to 60 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, putting the granules into a shot blasting machine, and preparing into balls under the conditions that the rotating speed of a rotary centrifugal disc is 20r/min and the throwing time is 45min to obtain ball feed with the particle size of 2 cm;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking the disease-resistant liquid as a coating liquid, and coating for 180min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.8MPa, airtight pressure of 0.5MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain a sheep feed finished product.
Comparative example 1: the specific embodiments are substantially the same as the comparative examples, except that: the Leucoscepta was not pretreated;
comparative example 2: the specific embodiments are substantially the same as the comparative examples, except that: no N is introduced during the pretreatment of the Leucoscepta2/C02The mixed gas of (3);
comparative example 3: the specific embodiments are substantially the same as the comparative examples, except that: the coating treatment process does not adopt a disease-resistant solution, but adopts a sodium alginate solution.
Test 1: the method for preparing and pretreating the albizzia lobutrari by the comparative examples 1-2 and the examples 1-6 detects the content of neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber in the albizzia lobutrari according to GB/T20806-2006 and NY/T1459-2007, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1:
content of neutral detergent fiber Content of acid detergent fiber
Comparative example 1 39.7％ 34.2％
Comparative example 2 24.1％ 28.5％
Example 1 21.0％ 22.9％
Example 2 20.9％ 22.5％
Example 3 21.2％ 22.8％
Example 4 21.1％ 22.8％
Example 5 20.8％ 23.0％
Example 6 21.0％ 23.1％
As can be seen from Table 1: the content of the neutral detergent fiber in the comparative example 1 is the highest, and the content of the neutral detergent fiber in the example 5 is the lowest, which shows that the effect of remarkably reducing the content of the neutral detergent fiber can be achieved by the technical means of pretreatment;
the highest content of the acid-scoured fibers of comparative example 1 and the lowest content of the acid-scoured fibers of example 2 illustrate that significant reduction of the acid-scoured fiber content can be achieved by pretreatment techniques.
Comparative experiment 2:
sheep feed using albizzia julibrissin as a raw material was prepared according to the methods of comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 6, and fed to mutton sheep for 180 days, the contents of dry matter, crude fat, calcium, phosphorus and crude protein in the sheep feed and the sheep manure sample were measured, the measurement standards were carried out according to the second edition of "feed analysis and feed quality measurement technology", and the digestibility of nutrients was calculated, and the specific results are shown in table 2.
Table 2:
Figure BDA0001562782210000101
as can be seen from Table 2: the higher the digestibility of dry matter, the more easily the feed is absorbed by the mutton sheep, and the growth of the mutton sheep is promoted. The digestibility of the dry matter in the comparative example 1 is the lowest, and the digestibility of the dry matter in the example 5 is the highest, which shows that the effect of remarkably improving the digestibility of the dry matter by the mutton sheep can be achieved by pretreating the albizzia julibrissin;
the higher the digestibility of the crude fat, the more easily the feed is absorbed by the mutton sheep, and the growth of the mutton sheep is promoted. The crude fat of comparative example 1 has the lowest digestibility, and the crude fat of example 3 has the highest digestibility, which shows that the effect of remarkably improving the digestibility of the crude fat can be achieved by pretreating the albizzia julibrissin;
the higher the digestibility of crude protein, the more easily the feed is absorbed by mutton sheep, and the growth of the mutton sheep is promoted. The digestibility of the crude protein in the comparative example 1 is the lowest, and the digestibility of the crude protein in the example 1 is the highest, so that the effect of remarkably improving the digestibility of the mutton sheep on the crude protein can be achieved by pretreating the albizzia julibrissin;
the higher the digestibility of phosphorus, the more easily the feed is absorbed by the mutton sheep, and the growth of the mutton sheep is promoted. The phosphorus digestibility of the comparative example 1 is the lowest, and the phosphorus digestibility of the example 2 is the highest, so that the effect of remarkably improving the phosphorus digestibility of the mutton sheep can be achieved by pretreating the albizzia julibrissin;
the higher the digestibility of calcium, the more easily the feed is absorbed by the mutton sheep, and the growth of the mutton sheep is promoted. The calcium digestibility of comparative example 1 is the lowest, and the calcium digestibility of example 5 is the highest, which shows that the effect of remarkably improving the calcium digestibility of the mutton sheep can be achieved by pretreating the albizzia julibrissin.
Comparative experiment 3:
sheep feeds prepared by using the albizzia julibrissin as a raw material are prepared according to the methods of comparative examples 1-3 and examples 1-6, mutton sheep are fed for 120 days, the incidence rate of diarrhea and flatulence of the mutton sheep in the breeding process is calculated, and the specific results are shown in table 3.
Table 3:
incidence of diarrhea Incidence of flatulence
Comparative example 1 6.01％ 5.23％
Comparative example 2 5.12％ 4.16％
Comparative example 3 7.98％ 6.28％
Example 1 2.03％ 3.07％
Example 2 1.95％ 2.98％
Example 3 1.89％ 3.11％
Example 4 1.96％ 3.08％
Example 5 1.90％ 3.06％
Example 6 1.92％ 2.99％
As can be seen from Table 3: the lower the incidence of diarrhea, the easier the feed improves the resistance of the mutton sheep to diarrhea. The incidence rate of the diarrhea of the comparative example 3 is the highest, and the incidence rate of the diarrhea of the example 3 is the lowest, which shows that the disease-resistant liquid can achieve the effect of remarkably improving the resistance of the mutton sheep to diarrhea diseases;
the lower the incidence of flatulence, the easier the feed improves the resistance of the mutton sheep to flatulence. The incidence rate of the flatulence of the comparative example 3 is the highest, and the incidence rate of the flatulence of the example 1 is the lowest, which shows that the effect of remarkably improving the resistance of the mutton sheep to the flatulence diseases can be achieved through the disease-resistant liquid.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A sheep feed taking Leucosceps microphylla as a raw material is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
25-30 parts of pretreated sillibania microphylla, 30-50 parts of elephant grass hay, 5-10 parts of corn flour, 5-8 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-1.5 parts of baking soda, 2-3 parts of vitamin and amino acid additive, 0.1-1.5 parts of salt, 2-4 parts of mountain flour, 3 parts of disease-resistant liquid and 1-2 parts of probiotics;
the preparation method of the sheep feed comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: according to parts by weight, 100 parts of tender stems and leaves of albizia julibrissin durazzini are cut into small segments of 1-2 cm, the small segments are placed into warm water at 35-45 ℃ to be soaked for 12-20 min, the small segments are taken out and then are rapidly frozen in an environment at-20 ℃ for 24-36 h, the small segments are placed into a fermentation container after being thawed, the stacking thickness of the small segments of albizia julibrissin durazzini is controlled to be 4-6 cm, 3-7 parts of extracellular enzyme are mixed, N is introduced, and the mixture is stirred2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 23-30 ℃ for 20-35 h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated albizia julibrissin;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring all the raw materials except the disease-resistant liquid according to a formula, crushing to 40-60 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, and then putting the granules into a shot blasting machine to prepare pellets to obtain pellet feed;
(3) coating treatment: putting the pellet feed into a fluidized bed, taking the disease-resistant liquid as a coating liquid, and coating for 120-180 min under the conditions that the air source pressure is 0.5-0.8 MPa, the airtight pressure is 0.5MPa, the air inlet temperature is 45 ℃ and the air outlet temperature is 35 ℃ to obtain a sheep feed finished product;
the disease-resistant liquid is prepared by the following method: according to the weight parts, 25 parts of sodium alginate and 100 parts of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, a stirrer is started, stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 10000-30000 r/min, then 10 parts of banana polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 10-25% are injected into the solution system at the speed of 15m/s, and the disease-resistant solution is obtained after stirring at a constant speed for 30-60 min.
2. The sheep feed taking albizzia julibrissin as a raw material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the viscosity of the disease-resistant liquid is 200-300 mpa.s.
3. The sheep feed taking albizzia julibrissin as a raw material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: n in the step (1)2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 18 to 27.
4. The sheep feed taking albizzia julibrissin as a raw material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the process parameters for preparing the pellets in the step (2) are as follows: the rotating speed of the rotating centrifugal disc is 10-20 r/min, and the circle throwing time is 30-45 min.
5. The sheep feed taking albizzia julibrissin as a raw material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the pellet feed in the step (2) has a particle size of 1-2 cm.
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