RU2497378C2 - Method for production of fodder additive with fermentative properties for poultry farming - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to farm industry, in particular, to the technologies for fodders production from farm industry by-products and to processing industry with fungal bio-conversion usage. The method for production of a fodder additive with fermentative properties for poultry farming involves stirring of preliminarily treated cellulose-containing raw materials with nutritive additives, microorganisms addition, the mixture maintenance and subsequent treatment. The cellulose-containing raw materials are represented by sunflower husk and brewer grains. Preliminarily treatment of the cellulose-containing raw materials is performed by way of extrusion at a temperature of 110-130°C. The produced extrudate is milled with subsequent 5-10 minute stirring and introduction of water and a nutritive additive in the form of yeast extract into the extrudate; the initial components are taken at the following weight ratio, %: brewer grains 10-15, sunflower husk - 80-82.5, yeast extract - 0.2-0.4, water - balance. Then into the produced mixture one introduces Trichoderma viride microorganisms of strain F-98 in an amount of 1-2% of the mixture weight and maintains the during 6-7 days at a temperature of 26-30°C with periodic stirring; the produced wet mixture is dried till moisture content is equal to 10-12% at a temperature of 40-50°C and milled.

EFFECT: invention usage will allow to increase nutritive value and protein content as well as preserve vitamins in the additive.

4 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to technologies for the production of feed from by-products of agriculture and the processing industry using mushroom bioconversion.

A known method of processing straw for feed for the production of feed for farm animals. The method includes treating the straw with sulfur dioxide, followed by steaming in an autoclave at a pressure of 3-4 atm. and a temperature of 130-140 ° C (RF patent No. 2133098, class A23K 1/12, 1999, bull. No. 20).

However, this method involves autoclaving under hard conditions, which not only leads to hydrolysis of the coarse components, but also caramelization of hydrolyzed carbohydrates. The addition of sulfur dioxide and subsequent autoclaving ensures the formation of an inorganic acid in a gaseous state, which negatively affects the well-being of workers employed in the production and causes a decrease in the nutritional value and taste of the product.

A known method of preparation of feed from plant materials for use in agriculture, comprising chopping straw in a dispersant, squeezing the solid phase and introducing beer grains and a nutrient mixture consisting of brewer's yeast, residual protein, hopped beer wort, followed by sterilization at a temperature 120 ° C in two stages, initial for 60-65 min, secondary for 40-45 min and inoculating the mass of the fungus Pleuretus osteatus (Fr) Kummer, culturing for 7-9 days (RF patent No. 2127065, class A23K 1 / 12, 1999, b l. No. 7).

However, in the known method, it is required to add valuable substrates to the cellulose-lignin raw material, which provide a significant increase in the cost of the final product. In addition, autoclaving as in the previous analogue can lead to partial caramelization of hydrolyzed sugars.

There is a method of using cellulose-containing raw materials - wheat or rye bran and other crop wastes in the feed for animals and poultry. Their input for chickens is up to 10% of the diet, and for broiler chickens, turkeys, quails and pheasants they are not recommended to be introduced (Recommendations for feeding poultry, Sergiev Posad: VNIITIP publishing house, 2000. P. 42.).

However, in the known method, the introduction of untreated bran and other crop wastes is very limited or it is not recommended to introduce them, which is associated with a high fiber content in the raw material. These plant-derived wastes contain few minerals and, when used in feed, additional mineral salts are required. In addition, they do not contain beneficial microorganisms that animals need for proper nutrition (good fiber absorption and resistance to pathogens). They are substances rich in vitamins and therefore they have high contamination with toxin-forming fungi. Therefore, these wastes need additional processing to improve their nutritional properties.

The closest method of the same purpose to the claimed invention according to the totality of features is a method for producing a feed additive from bran, comprising pre-treating the bran with an acid fraction of electroactivated water for 1.5-2.0 hours at a ratio of 10-20 liters of water per 1 ton of raw materials and mixing bran with a solution containing caustic soda, lime dough and water, in the following ratios of components, wt.%: bran 95-96; caustic soda 0.2-0.3; lime dough 0.6-0.8; water - the rest, while the composition is stirred for 20-30 minutes, then incubated for 24-36 hours and mixed with a nutritional supplement; containing glauber's salt and tricalcium phosphate, in the following proportions of components, wt.%: glauber's salt 0.2-0.3; tricalcium phosphate 0.5-0.7; composition - the rest, then add a probiotic culture of microorganisms in a concentration of 0.18-0.22% and granulate. (RF patent No. 2266682 A23K 1/16 publ. December 27, 2005 - prototype).

However, in the known method only bran is used, which of all the by-products of the processing industry is the most expensive. In addition, the use of electroactivators to obtain acid fraction of electroactivated water complicates the process and makes it vulnerable from the point of view of electrical safety. The introduction of a probiotic culture increases the quality characteristics of the feed additive, however, practically does not affect the digestibility of the coarse feed components that make up the feedstock. The absence of nitrogenous components in its composition does not provide adequate nutrition for the growth of microorganisms, which leads to significant losses in the quality of the carbohydrate component of the additive.

The known methods do not allow the efficient production of a feed additive for poultry farming from by-products of the food industry with high nutritional value due to the destruction of the cellulose-lignin complex of raw materials containing beneficial microorganisms enriched with microbiological protein, producing cellulolytic enzymes with preservation of vitamins in the raw materials and low contamination of harmful microorganisms.

The technical result is the intensification of the destruction of the cellulose-lignin complex of raw materials due to more complete hydrolysis and increasing the nutritional value of the feed, increasing the protein content, preserving vitamins, destroying harmful microorganisms and enriching it with cellulose-destroying enzymes, which ensures an increase in zootechnical indices when used in poultry farming.

The technical result is achieved in that in a method for the production of a feed additive with enzymatic properties for poultry farming, including mixing pre-processed cellulose-containing raw materials with nutritional supplements, adding microorganisms, aging and subsequent processing, and as a cellulose-containing raw material, sunflower husk and beer pellet are used for the preliminary processing of cellulose-containing raw materials is carried out by extrusion at a temperature of 110-130 ° C, the resulting extrudate chopper t followed 5-10 minute stirring and introducing water into it and nutritional supplements in the form of yeast extract, wherein the starting components are taken in the following ratio, wt%:

beer grains - 10-15; sunflower husk - 80-82.5; yeast extract - 0.2-0.4; water rest,

then microorganisms Trichoderma viride pcs are added to the resulting mixture. F-98 in an amount of 1-2% by weight of the mixture and incubated for 6-7 days at a temperature of 26-30 ° C with periodic stirring, the resulting wet mixture is dried to a moisture content of 10-12% at a temperature of 40-50 ° C and ground .

The claimed method for the production of a feed additive with enzymatic properties for poultry farming is distinguished by the type of raw material, other processing regime parameters and introduced types of microorganisms, providing an intensification of the process of hydrolysis of raw materials, enrichment with feed protein, cellulolytic enzymes, preservation of vitamins of raw materials.

These differences allow us to conclude that the claimed technical solutions meet the criterion of "novelty."

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving the task and have not been identified in the study of this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The method was carried out as follows. The pre-treated cellulose-containing raw materials were mixed with nutrient additives, the introduction of microorganisms, aging and subsequent processing, and sunflower husk and beer pellet were used as the cellulose-containing raw materials and the cellulose-containing raw materials were pretreated by extrusion at a temperature of 110-130 ° C, the resulting extrudate was crushed followed by 5- 10 minutes stirring and adding water and a nutritional supplement in the form of a yeast extract, while the initial the components are taken in the following ratio, mass,%: beer pellet - 10-15; sunflower husk - 80-82.5; yeast extract - 0.2-0.4; water, then microorganisms Trichoderma viride pcs. F-98 in an amount of 1-2% by weight of the mixture and incubated for 6-7 days at a temperature of 26-30 ° C with periodic stirring, the resulting wet mixture is dried to a moisture content of 10-12% at a temperature of 40-50 ° C and ground .

The strain of Trichoderma fungus used is not genetically modified and belongs to microorganisms non-pathogenic for humans, according to the classification of microorganisms given in the Sanitary Rules SP 1.2.731-99. Work with the strain does not require special precautions.

The factors that determine the receipt of a feed additive for poultry farming with optimal properties include the percentage ratio between the components included in its composition, as well as the processing parameters of the raw materials. To obtain the quality of the claimed additives, the following raw materials are used as components: beer pellet and sunflower husk, which, after mixing, are extruded.

Beer pellet is a waste of beer production and is formed after boiling and filtering barley wort. It contains shells of grain, sugarless starch, protein substances, tannins. The chemical composition of dry beer grains (in%): crude protein - 20.0-25.0%, crude fiber - 13.2-16.0%, fat - 3.4-8.0%, ash - 2.2 -4.1%, calcium - 0.3-0.5%, phosphorus - 0.5-0.85%, moisture - 8.0-10.0%, BEV - 39.0-46.0%. It is also characterized by a high content of amino acids and minerals.

The content of beer grains should be 10-15% of the total weight of the components. If less than 10% of beer grains are added to the composition, it will not provide the carbohydrate composition of the feed additive, the required vitamin content, and therefore the declared quality, which will lead to low efficiency in its use. If you add more than 158%, this will increase the cost of the feed additive, reduce the relative content of other components and will not increase its effectiveness when used, and therefore there is no need to introduce more of this component. In order for the content of vitamins and easily digestible carbohydrates in the additive to be the best optimal amount of beer grains in the mixture for extrusion should be 12.5% of the total mass.

The content of sunflower husk should be 80-82.5% of the total weight of the components. If less than 80% of sunflower husk is added to the composition, it will not provide the carbohydrate composition of the feed additive, the necessary content of stimulants for cultivation of trichoderma and the necessary porosity of the mixture, and therefore the declared quality, which will lead to low efficiency when using it. If you add more than 82.5%, this will lead to a decrease in the vitamin content due to the low proportion of beer grains in the mixture and reduce the content of carbohydrates, free amino acids and other biologically active substances characteristic of beer grains in the feed additive, which will reduce the quality of the feed additive. To ensure the required porosity of the mixture, the necessary content of substances stimulating the microorganism, the satisfactory cost of the feed additive, the best optimal amount of sunflower husk in the mixture for extrusion should be 81.25% of the total mass.

The raw material thus prepared was moistened with steam or water to a moisture content of 16-18%. If the moisture content of the raw material is less than 16%, it will lead to a deterioration of polysaccharides in sugars and dextrins, which means it will reduce the quality of the product, since trichoderma will not develop well on this substrate, and in addition, untreated polysaccharides are poorly absorbed by the bird to which the additive is intended. If the moisture content of the granules is more than 18%, then it will not allow the processing of such a mass in an extruder. The optimum moisture content of the raw materials is 17%.

The mixture thus prepared was fed into an extruder for special heat treatment. Regardless of the design of the extruder, the process includes three stages: heat treatment under pressure, mechanical deformation and shock discharge, as a result of which the so-called product explosion occurs. As a result of technological processing of our raw materials, the quality of the product improves: the structure of the raw materials at the molecular level changes, which facilitates the digestion process, aromatic substances are produced that increase the palatability of the feed with the inclusion of additives, toxins are neutralized, and their producers are destroyed.

The extrusion process was carried out at a product temperature of 110-130 ° C. If the temperature is less than 110 ° C, then the productivity of the extruder decreases and does not provide the necessary depth of processing of raw materials, the structure of the product deteriorates (porosity is lost), which leads to poor quality of the final product. If the temperature is more than 130 ° C, then during processing, negative changes occur in the structure and composition of the product (part of the nutrients are destroyed), which leads to low quality of the claimed additives. Thus, the optimal temperature regime of the product at the outlet is 120 ° C.

As a result of technological processing, the raw material acquired an expanded porous structure (extrudate), then it was cooled to a temperature not exceeding a temperature of more than 40-50 ° C, which is necessary for the further technological process. The resulting extrudate was further crushed, mixed for 5-10 minutes in a screw mixer until a homogeneous mass.

During the mixing process, the yeast extract and water were additionally added to the extrudate, based on the assumption that 100 kg of the mixture would contain 0.2-0.4% yeast extract and the rest water.

If less than 0.2% of the yeast extract is introduced into the wet extrudate, then the active growth of the producer microbial biomass and the accumulation of enzymes will not occur. If you add more than 0.4%, the effect of biomass growth does not increase, but the cost of the feed additive increases, and therefore there is no need to introduce more extract. In order for the nutrient content of the yeast extract to be sufficient for the growth and biosynthesis of the target enzymes by the Trichoderma microorganism in the composition of the feed additive, its optimal amount should be 0.3% of the total mass.

The ratio of yeast extract and extrudate containing readily available carbohydrates and their concentration are selected in such a way as not only to maximize the biosynthesis of Trichoderma enzymes and biomass synthesis, but also to ensure the low cost of the inventive feed additives for poultry farming.

The addition of a yeast extract is an important technological step, which ensures the supply of nutrients to the growth of a microorganism — a producer of enzymes, a microbial protein of vitamins and other biologically active substances. Due to the presence of B vitamins and other vitamins, amino acids and mineral elements in easily assimilable forms, yeast extract is a powerful stimulator of Trichoderma growth and increases its ability to synthesize target enzymes.

At the next technological stage of obtaining the feed additive, the microorganism Trichoderma viride is added to the resulting mixture. F-98 in the form of a liquid uterine culture obtained on a fermenter in an amount of 1-2% by weight of the mixture. If the sowing dose of the culture of microorganisms is less than 1%, then this number of microorganisms will not be enough to actively increase the biomass and accumulate the enzyme complex, and hence the biotransformation of cellulose-lignin components of the substrate. If the sowing dose of the culture of microorganisms is more than 2%, this will lead to an increase in the cost of the additive without increasing its effectiveness and qualitative characteristics. Therefore, the optimal inoculum dose of a culture of microorganisms is 1.5%.

The efficiency of the process of obtaining a feed additive with desired properties is ensured by keeping the wet mixture inoculated with the producer at a temperature of 26-30 ° C for 6-7 days with uniform stirring.

If the cultivation time of the microorganism is less than 6 days, the quality of the additive will be low due to the high fiber content, which has not undergone destruction, the activity of the enzymes will be low and low content of feed protein. If the cultivation time of the microorganism is more than 7 days, it increases the time of the technological process, and, in addition, the quality of the additive decreases, since the treated green mass becomes plastic-like, which complicates its introduction and uniform distribution over the additive. Thus, the optimal time for culturing the microorganism Trichoderma viride is 156 hours.

The culture temperature of the producer is in the range of 26-30 ° C. If the temperature is reduced below 26 ° C, then the growth of the microorganism will be slow, biosynthesis will be reduced, and it will not reach the required titer in 6.5 days. If the cultivation temperature is above 30 ° C, then the growth of the producer will also decrease, and its further increase can lead to the death of microorganisms. Therefore, to achieve the required biomass of the fungus and the high activity of the target enzymes, the optimum cultivation temperature is a temperature of 28 ° C.

At the final stage, the product obtained is dehydrated at a temperature of 40-50 ° C to a moisture content of 10-12% using a stationary drum dryer. If the processing temperature is less than 40 ° C, then this will not be enough for effective drying in the optimal time to the required humidity, in addition, the effect of this temperature will lead to inactivation of the enzyme complex. If the drying temperature is more than 50 ° C, then high energy consumption will significantly increase the cost of the product. In addition, at high temperatures, the microbial protein assimilated by the animals will be lost, and the enzyme complex will be inactivated. Therefore, the optimum processing temperature is 45 ° C.

If the final moisture content of the product is less than 10%, then this is not economically feasible due to the excessive consumption of energy carriers for drying, and this additive is hygroscopic and will absorb air moisture, which means that the need for such low humidity is not necessary. If the moisture content of the product is more than 12%, then during storage the enzyme complex will be inactivated, and the additive itself will easily become infected with microorganisms and can become a source of animal toxicosis. Therefore, the optimum moisture content of the feed additive is a moisture content of 11%.

An example of a specific implementation of the method of production of a feed additive with enzymatic properties for poultry farming in Bioprod LLC, Abinsky district, Krasnodar Territory.

The components of the inventive feed additives (beer pellet and sunflower husk) from the storage bins were passed through a magnetic column, a separator for selecting metallomagnetic and debris, and then sent to the hopper. From it, these components are sent through a feeder (dispenser) to the mixer.

Moreover, the prepared components (beer pellet and sunflower husk) are dosed in volume and weight dispensers in the following ratio: rice flour 250 kg and sunflower husk 1625 kg. Mixing of the components after dosing was carried out in a continuous mixer with volume dosing or in a batch mixer with weight dosing. The required mixing quality is ensured when the mixer is operating in the passport mode. The raw materials thus prepared were moistened. This operation was carried out either with water or steam to a moisture content of 17%. Technically, this was carried out using the ZUM-2 or BUV-10 humidification machine as part of the line.

The mixture thus prepared was fed by means of a feeder (dispenser) mounted directly on the extruder for extrusion, which is carried out in the KMZ-2 extruder. The extrusion process was carried out in the following optimal mode: outlet product temperature - 120 ° C; load of the main motor - 55 A with a voltage in the mains of the feeder motor - 125 V.

Washers with a diameter of 117.5 mm and 125 mm are installed in the screw of the extruder. The productivity of the extruder is 250-300 kg / h. The extruder was heated and put into operation using wheat, as it was extruded without difficulty. Coming out of the extruder during its normal operation, the product in the form of granules with a length of 20-30 mm has an expanded porous structure. The bulk density of the inventive feed additives was 300-320 kg / m ² .

At the next stage, the raw materials processed on the extruder were sent to a cooler. The extrudate is cooled to a temperature not exceeding 40-50 ° C.

The resulting extrudate was additionally mixed for 5-10 minutes in a screw mixer to a homogeneous mass and moistened with tap water to optimal humidity, and additionally adding 6 kg of yeast extract. This ratio of dry and wet components provides optimum humidity. In addition, the addition of yeast extract optimizes the content of sugars and nitrogen compounds in the mixture necessary for the growth and development of the microbial component of the feed additive.

At the next technological stage, the microorganism Trichoderma viride is added to the resulting mixture. F-98 in the form of a liquid uterine culture obtained on a fermenter in an amount of 30 kg for biotransformation of a pre-extruded cellulose-lignin complex of plant materials, synthesis of vitamins and antibiotic factors, and enriching the mixture with microbial protein. This process is achieved by keeping the wet mixture at a temperature of 28 ° C for 156 hours. To speed up the biotransformation process, the raw materials are periodically mixed.

The mass obtained in this way, if necessary, was dried to an average moisture content of 11% using a stationary drum dryer (SZSB-8A brand) at a temperature of 45 ° C.

At the final stage, the feed additive was crushed using a roller grinder and packaged in 15 kg kraft bags to ensure the required size.

The industrial effectiveness of the proposed feed additives with enzymatic properties for poultry farming is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. Scientific and economic experience on broiler chickens cross "SK Russia-4". The experimental conditions (microclimate, illumination, water and other factors) and all technological indicators (bird density, feeding and drinking fronts, etc.), which are not the subject of study during the research, were maintained in accordance with generally accepted and valid for the period conducting experiments. The experimental design is presented in table 1.

Table 1 Broiler Chicken Experience Scheme Group Livestock Characteristics of rations the control 32 Enzyme-free main diet 1st experienced 32 OR + Xibiten 2nd experienced 32 OR + claimed additive

At the end of the experiment, the influence of the claimed feed additive on the growth and safety of broiler chickens was established (Table 2).

table 2 The effect of the inventive feed additives on the growth and safety of broiler chickens Indicator Group The control 1st experienced Xibiten 2nd Experimental Declared Additive The mass of the bird, g initial 35.5 ± 1.4 36.6 ± 1.6 35.2 ± 1.2 the ultimate 1908.0 ± 80.1 2104.0 ± 89.9 * 2130.0 ± 45.2 * Daily gain of 1 head, g 44.6 49.3 49.8 Feed consumption, kg 1 goal 4.3 4.3 3.9 per 1 kg 2,3 2.0 1.9 Preservation,% 90.6 93.7 one hundred * P <0.05.

As can be seen from the data presented, the use of the inventive additives in feed for broiler chickens provides not only high values of safety, but also high average daily growth and low feed consumption.

Example 2. To test the effectiveness of the proposed feed additives conducted an experiment on quail. Two groups were formed: the experimental and control (80 goals each) from birds of the Pharaoh breed of egg and meat productivity (Table 3).

Table 3 Quail experience pattern Group Livestock Characteristics of rations the control 80 Main diet experienced 80 OR + claimed additive

The birds of the experimental and control groups were kept in the same standard conditions. Up to 25 days of age, quail was grown on a deep litter in separate specialized boxes with an area of 6 m ² , which are equipped with brooders for local heating (each group was in a separate box). Zoohygienic parameters (temperature, humidity, ammonia concentrations, luminance dynamics) corresponded to the norm. The temperature under the brooder is 33-34 ° C, in the box 29-30 ° C. At 23 days, part of the quail from each group was put in separate cages (40 animals each). No pharmacological treatments were carried out, no vaccines were used. The results of experiments on the impact of the inventive feed additives on the growth and safety of quail and feed consumption are presented in table 4.

As can be seen from the data presented, the use of the inventive additive in compound feed for quail provides an increase in daily growth of 10.9%, feed consumption is reduced by 22.5% and higher safety by 9.2% compared with the control where the additive was not used. High safety is explained by the fact that during the manufacturing process of the additive, harmful microorganisms are destroyed - producers of toxins and pathogens.

Table 4 The effect of the inventive feed additives on the growth and preservation of quail Group Indicator The control Experience The inventive additive The mass of the bird, g 7 37.5 37.9 fourteen 71.7 74.1 21 105.5 115.0 28 143.6 156.5 35 162.2 187.3 42 185.7 190.6 49 190.1 206.8 Daily gain 1 goal c 28 3.78 4.23 49 3.11 3.45 Feed consumption, kg 1 goal 5.8 5.3 per 1 kg 3,1 2,4 Preservation,% 90,4 98.7

The high zootechnical indices in the experiments on poultry are explained by the good digestibility of the nutrients of the feed, which is ensured by enriching it with cellulose-destroying enzymes contained in the additive. The presence of protein and vitamins in the composition of the supplement allows to obtain an increase in live weight compared with the control.

Thus, the industrial use of the inventive additives for poultry in animal feed has established its high efficiency. In addition, the claimed method of obtaining a feed additive allows you to get environmentally friendly, biologically complete, containing microbial protein, vitamins and an enzyme complex additive, the introduction of which in the feed allows you to get high economic results.

Claims (1)

A method for the production of a feed additive with enzymatic properties for poultry farming, including mixing pre-treated cellulose-containing raw materials with nutritional supplements, adding microorganisms, keeping and subsequent processing, characterized in that sunflower husk and beer pellet are used as cellulose-containing raw materials, the cellulose-containing raw materials are pretreated by extrusion during extrusion at a temperature of 110-130 ° C, the resulting extrudate is crushed, followed by 5-10 minutes per by mixing and adding water and a nutritional supplement in the form of a yeast extract, the initial components are taken in the following ratio, wt.%:
beer grains 10-15 sunflower husk 80-82.5 yeast extract 0.2-0.4 water rest,
then microorganisms Trichoderma viride pcs are added to the resulting mixture. F-98 in an amount of 1-2% by weight of the mixture and incubated for 6-7 days at a temperature of 26-30 ° C with periodic stirring, the resulting wet mixture is dried to a moisture content of 10-12% at a temperature of 40-50 ° C and ground .