CN113575766A - Corn straw puffed biological feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Corn straw puffed biological feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
- A23P30/30—Puffing or expanding
- A23P30/32—Puffing or expanding by pressure release, e.g. explosion puffing; by vacuum treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/113—Acidophilus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/169—Plantarum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and particularly relates to a corn straw puffed biological feed and a preparation method thereof. The corn straw puffed biological feed is prepared by performing steam explosion puffing treatment on corn straws to form puffed corn straws, and then adding a zymophyte agent for anaerobic fermentation; the weight ratio of the puffed corn straw to the fermentation bacteria agent is (54-64) to (0.1-0.2); the fermentation inoculum is formed by mixing lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus. The corn straw puffed biological feed provided by the invention is high in nutrient content, easy to digest and absorb by livestock, and capable of improving the meat quality of livestock, and the prepared corn straw puffed biological feed can avoid the phenomenon of mildewing and deterioration caused by rain of dry corn straws, is convenient to store, and is beneficial to popularization and utilization of the corn straw puffed biological feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and particularly relates to a corn straw puffed biological feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The biomass straw is a recyclable substance resource, and the main components of the biomass straw comprise cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein, silicate and the like. In the biomass straw: the total content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin is up to more than 70%, and the lignin is filled in a cellulose framework and becomes the most difficult-to-degrade component in plant cell walls, so that the contact of digestive enzymes and cellulose is prevented, and the utilization rate of the biomass feed is influenced. Therefore, the core of the feed utilization of the biomass straws is to destroy lignin, break the compact fiber structure of the biomass straws and increase the porosity of the biomass straws and the accessibility of digestive enzymes to cellulose, thereby improving the conversion rate of hemicellulose and cellulose in the biomass straws.
At present, methods for improving the conversion rate of hemicellulose and cellulose in biomass straws are various, for example, the methods include: the method can be kneading processing technology, pulverizing processing technology, cooking processing technology, microorganism fermentation technology, chemical treatment technology and the like, and the chemical treatment technology comprises ammoniation treatment, acidification treatment or alkalization treatment and the like.
Patent document CN105053553A discloses a method for processing industrial straw cracking regenerated high-quality fiber biological feed, which comprises using crushed or crushed straw as raw material for production, feeding the crushed straw into a cooking cylinder by a plunger screw, introducing high-pressure steam into the cooking cylinder for cooking and primary cracking, grinding the cooked straw into fiber by a defibrator, discharging the milled fiber straw into a cracking tank by the plunger screw, mixing the cracked fiber feed with feed fermentation nutrient for glycolysis, and producing high-quality straw fiber biological feed with rich nutrition. The method combines industrial cracking and biological glycolysis, greatly improves the digestion utilization rate of animals to straws with high lignin degree, and overcomes the defects of straw feed processing degradation such as ammoniation, microbial yellow storage and the like.
Patent document CN105614053A discloses a straw biological feed preparation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) crushing: crushing the straw material by using a crusher; (2) pretreatment: pretreating the straw crushed material obtained in the step (2) at the temperature of 90-130 ℃, wherein the treating agent is dilute sulfuric acid, peracetic acid, sodium hydroxide solution or quicklime, and the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 10; (3) enzymolysis: cleaning and drying the straw material treated in the step (2) by using distilled water, and then placing the straw material into a shaking table for enzymolysis, wherein the used enzymes are cellulase and xylanase, the temperature is 30-60 ℃, the pH is 4-7, the enzyme addition amount is 350u/g, the solid-liquid ratio is 1:10-1:7, and the shaking table rotating speed is 100-160 rpm; (4) drying to obtain the straw biological feed. The prepared straw biological feed can replace or partially replace corn in the traditional basic ration, and has positive promotion effect on the digestion of the feed.
Patent document CN107279459A discloses a corn straw microbial fermentation feed and a preparation method thereof, the feed is prepared by fermenting corn straw with lactic acid bacteria, and the lactic acid bacteria comprise pediococcus pentosaceus and lactobacillus plantarum. The preparation method comprises the steps of preparing zymophyte liquid, crushing straws, mixing the straws with the zymophyte liquid and fermenting, the waste corn straws can be fully utilized by adopting the method, the environment pollution is prevented, and the prepared corn straw microbial fermented feed improves the nutritive value and the digestibility of the straws, so that the straws are changed into high-quality feed for animals such as cattle, sheep and the like, and the weight increment of the animals such as cattle, sheep and the like is promoted.
However, the existing biomass straw treatment aims at improving the palatability of the biomass straw and improving the nutrient content of the biomass straw and the absorptivity of livestock, so that the weight gain effect of the livestock is improved, the problem that the meat health of the fed animals is deeper due to the biomass straw feed cannot be solved, red meat such as beef and mutton which is frequently eaten by people is food with high content of low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol, and the red meat is easily damaged to arteries of human bodies and is particularly not suitable for the people with hyperlipidemia. The improvement of meat quality of cattle, sheep and the like is usually feed for feeding, so that the research and development of a green and healthy biomass straw feed is still an unsolved problem at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the biomass straw feed in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a corn straw puffed biological feed and a preparation method thereof. The invention combines the steam explosion puffing technology and the fermentation technology to be applied to the processing of the corn straw feed, so that the corn straw is in the environment of high temperature, high pressure and high shearing force, and is discharged after continuous temperature rise, pressure increase, curing, die hole extrusion and sudden pressure reduction to form fluffy and porous fine fiber, the winding part among cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin can be damaged, the lignin component is reduced, the content of available fiber is released, and the utilization rate of the cellulose and the hemicellulose is improved. The fermentation technology is that the lactobacillus synthesizes active substances such as various amino acids, mycoprotein, unsaturated fatty acid, vitamins and the like through anaerobic fermentation, and the nutritive value of the corn straw is improved; the secondary metabolites such as antibacterial peptide and bacteriocin generated by fermentation are good antibacterial substances. During the culture process, the intestinal flora balance of animals can be adjusted, the intestinal health is improved, and the immunity is improved. Meanwhile, the digestion and absorption efficiency of the concentrated feed is increased by adjusting the flora and improving the intestinal absorption function, so that the effects of saving the feed and improving the production performance are achieved.
The invention provides a corn straw puffed biological feed, which is prepared by performing steam explosion puffing treatment on corn straws to form puffed corn straws, and then adding a zymophyte agent for anaerobic fermentation;
the weight ratio of the puffed corn straw to the fermentation bacteria agent is (54-64) to (0.1-0.2);
the processing method of the puffed corn straw comprises the following steps:
cutting corn straws into segments with the length of 3-5 cm, removing dust and impurities, and performing steam explosion puffing treatment, wherein the puffing temperature is 150-160 ℃, the pressure is 1.1-1.3 Mpa, and the retention time is 8-10 s, so as to obtain the corn straw powder;
the fermentation inoculum is formed by mixing lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus; the lactobacillus plantarum has a preservation number of: lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC NO.1.12974, the Lactobacillus acidophilus has a preservation number of: lactobacillus acidophilus of CGMCC NO. 1.1854.
Further, the preparation method of the fermentation inoculum comprises the following steps:
respectively carrying out liquid fermentation, concentration and freeze drying on lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus to obtain lactobacillus plantarum original bacterium powder and lactobacillus acidophilus original bacterium powder, uniformly mixing the lactobacillus plantarum original bacterium powder and the lactobacillus acidophilus original bacterium powder, adding a conventional carrier and a diluent, and packaging to obtain the lactobacillus acidophilus powder.
The carrier is conventional carrier components such as soluble starch, maltodextrin and the like, and the diluent is conventional diluent components such as glucose, sodium bicarbonate and the like.
Further, the weight ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum original bacterium powder to the lactobacillus acidophilus original bacterium powder in the fermentation inoculant is (3-4) to (1-2); the lactobacillus plantarum has a preservation number of: lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC NO.1.12974, the Lactobacillus acidophilus has a preservation number of: lactobacillus acidophilus of CGMCC NO. 1.1854.
In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the corn straw puffed biological feed, which comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the corn straws into segments with the length of 3-5 cm, removing dust and impurities, performing steam explosion puffing treatment, and performing first water supplement treatment in the steam explosion puffing treatment process, wherein the puffing temperature is 150-160 ℃, the pressure is 1.1-1.3 Mpa, and the retention time is 8-10S, so as to obtain puffed corn straws;
s2, adding water into the zymophyte agent for dilution, and uniformly stirring to obtain zymophyte liquid;
s3, performing secondary water supplement treatment on the puffed corn straw obtained in the step S1, spraying the zymogen liquid obtained in the step S2, bundling, sealing and packaging with pasture films, and performing anaerobic fermentation to obtain the corn straw.
Further, the first water supplementing treatment in the step S1 is to add the water into the puffing chamber, and control the corn stalks to be subjected to steam explosion puffing in the puffing chamber with the water content of 65-70%.
Furthermore, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the fermentation inoculum to water in the step S2 is 1g (18-22) ml.
Further, the preparation method of the fermentation inoculum in step S2 is as follows:
respectively carrying out liquid fermentation, concentration and freeze drying on lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus to obtain lactobacillus plantarum original bacterium powder and lactobacillus acidophilus original bacterium powder, uniformly mixing the lactobacillus plantarum original bacterium powder and the lactobacillus acidophilus original bacterium powder, adding a conventional carrier and a diluent, and packaging to obtain the lactobacillus acidophilus powder.
The carrier is conventional carrier components such as soluble starch, maltodextrin and the like, and the diluent is conventional diluent components such as glucose, sodium bicarbonate and the like.
Furthermore, the weight ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum original bacterium powder to the lactobacillus acidophilus original bacterium powder in the fermentation inoculant is (3-4) to (1-2).
Further, the second water supplementing treatment in the step S3 is to perform water supplementing treatment before spraying the zymogen liquid, and the water content of the puffed corn stalks before spraying the zymogen liquid is controlled to be 63% -68%.
Further, the fermentation conditions in the step S3 are: carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 28-30 days at the temperature of 20-30 ℃.
Although the theoretical research of the application of the straw steam explosion puffing technology in the feed processing industry has been reported, the problem of the energy consumption of the straw steam explosion processing and the straw steam explosion process parameters in the actual production is an important reason for restricting the development of the straw steam explosion puffing technology. The steam explosion pressure, temperature and time of the straw steam explosion process can seriously affect the nutrient components of the steam-exploded straws, the nutrient substances and the content of the steam-exploded straws obtained under different process parameter combinations have obvious difference, and the different process parameter combinations also have important influence on the unit energy consumption of the steam explosion process. Therefore, it is a very long and arduous task to research and develop a suitable set of straw steam explosion process.
The applicant gropes a set of suitable steam explosion puffing process of the corn straws through a large number of groping tests, and the steam explosion puffing process is combined with a microbial fermentation technology, so that the prepared corn straw puffed biological feed is high in nutrient content, easy to digest and absorb by livestock, and capable of improving the meat quality of livestock, and the prepared corn straw puffed biological feed can avoid the phenomenon that dry corn straws are mildewed and deteriorated due to rain, is convenient to store, and is beneficial to popularization and utilization of the corn straw puffed biological feed.
The invention provides a corn stalk steam explosion puffing process, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of cutting corn straws into sections with the length of 3-5 cm, removing dust and impurities, and carrying out steam explosion puffing treatment, wherein the puffing temperature is 150-160 ℃, the pressure is 1.1-1.3 Mpa, and the retention time is 8-10 s.
The principle of the corn straw steam explosion puffing process provided by the invention is as follows: the method is characterized in that high-temperature water vapor generated by an electrothermal vapor generator is sprayed into a puffing cavity, when the high-temperature high-pressure vapor is released, hot vapor molecules which have penetrated into the corn straw fiber are released instantaneously at a high speed from a closed pore in an air flow manner, and the hot vapor inside and around the corn straw fiber flows instantaneously at a high speed, so that the corn straw fiber is mechanically broken, and the softening of the corn straw and the disintegration of the fiber structure are realized.
Meanwhile, the applicant also screens out a fermentation strain suitable for stable fermentation of the puffed corn straw subjected to steam explosion puffing from a large number of strain screening tests, and screens out the optimal use proportion, so that the puffed corn straw is stable and effective in fermentation.
The applicant determines that lactic acid bacteria are more suitable for the fermentation of the puffed corn straws treated by the steam explosion process from a large number of fermentation strains, and determines the preservation numbers of the lactic acid bacteria from different types of lactic acid bacteria through a large number of groping and screening tests as follows: the lactobacillus plantarum of CGMCC NO.1.12974 has the preservation number as follows: the lactobacillus acidophilus of CGMCC NO.1.1854 has the best fermentation effect in the puffed corn straws treated by the steam explosion process, and mainly has the advantages of strong acid production capability, relative heat resistance, rich antibacterial substances, stable quality of fermented straws and no mildew and deterioration. In production practice, the lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus are used together according to the weight ratio of (3-4) to (1-2) to achieve the best fermentation effect, so that the cell wall rupture of corn straw plants can be further promoted, the complicated fiber structure on the surface layer is disintegrated, the wax coat on the surface of the corn straw is thoroughly destroyed, and the nutrient content of the puffed corn straw can be specifically improved, so that the livestock meat quality using the corn straw puffed biological feed as a feed is better, the shearing force is lower, the water retention capacity is better, and the intramuscular fat deposition effect is obvious. Meanwhile, the content of cholesterol in the meat is lower, and the meat is suitable for being eaten by people with hyperlipidemia.
Compared with the prior art, the corn straw puffed biological feed provided by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the corn stalk puffed biological feed provided by the invention has high nutrient content, is easy to digest and absorb by livestock, improves the meat quality of livestock, and is more suitable for the requirements of modern people on the meat quality of livestock;
(2) the corn straw puffed biological feed provided by the invention can avoid the phenomenon of mildewing and deterioration caused by rain of dry corn straws, is convenient to store, and is beneficial to popularization and utilization of the corn straw puffed biological feed.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a view of a mirror scanning physical structure of corn stover;
FIG. 2 is a physical structure diagram of mirror scanning of the puffed corn stover prepared in step S1 of example 5;
FIG. 3 is a physical structure diagram of mirror scanning of the puffed corn stover produced in step S3 of example 5.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is further described in the following description of the specific embodiments, which is not intended to limit the invention, but various modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art according to the basic idea of the invention, within the scope of the invention, as long as they do not depart from the basic idea of the invention. The preservation number is: the lactobacillus plantarum of CGMCC NO.1.12974 has the preservation number as follows: lactobacillus acidophilus with CGMCC NO.1.1854 was purchased from China center for culture Collection of microorganisms.
Example 1 preparation of puffed corn stover
Cutting corn straws into segments with the length of 3-5 cm, removing dust and impurities, feeding the segments into a straw puffing chamber for steam explosion and puffing treatment, wherein the puffing temperature is 150 ℃, the pressure is 1.1Mpa, and the retention time is 10s, so as to obtain the corn straw puffing agent.
Example 2 preparation of puffed corn stover
Cutting corn straws into segments with the length of 3-5 cm, removing dust and impurities, feeding the segments into a straw puffing chamber for steam explosion and puffing treatment, wherein the puffing temperature is 155 ℃, the pressure is 1.2Mpa, and the retention time is 9s, so as to obtain the corn straw.
Example 3 preparation of puffed corn stover
Cutting corn straws into segments with the length of 3-5 cm, removing dust and impurities, feeding the segments into a straw puffing chamber for steam explosion and puffing treatment, wherein the puffing temperature is 160 ℃, the pressure is 1.3Mpa, and the retention time is 8s, so as to obtain the corn straw.
Comparative example 1 preparation of puffed corn stover
Cutting corn straws into segments with the length of 3-5 cm, removing dust and impurities, feeding the segments into a straw puffing chamber for steam explosion and puffing treatment, wherein the puffing temperature is 180 ℃, the pressure is 1.2Mpa, and the retention time is 9 s.
Comparative example 2 preparation of puffed corn stover
Cutting corn straws into segments with the length of 3-5 cm, removing dust and impurities, feeding the segments into a straw puffing chamber for steam explosion and puffing treatment, wherein the puffing temperature is 155 ℃, the pressure is 1.5Mpa, and the retention time is 9s, so as to obtain the corn straw.
Comparative example 3 preparation of puffed corn stover
Cutting corn straws into segments with the length of 3-5 cm, removing dust and impurities, feeding the segments into a straw puffing chamber for steam explosion and puffing treatment, wherein the puffing temperature is 155 ℃, the pressure is 1.2Mpa, and the retention time is 30s, so as to obtain the corn straw puffing agent.
Example 4 corn stalk puffed biological feed
The corn straw puffed biological feed is prepared by performing steam explosion puffing treatment on corn straws to form puffed corn straws, and then adding a zymophyte agent for anaerobic fermentation; the weight ratio of the puffed corn straw to the fermentation inoculant is 54: 0.1.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the corn straws into segments with the length of 3-5 cm, removing dust and impurities, performing steam explosion puffing treatment, and performing first water supplement treatment in the steam explosion puffing treatment process, wherein the first water supplement treatment is to add the corn straws into a puffing cavity, the corn straws are controlled to perform steam explosion puffing in the puffing cavity with the water content of 65%, the puffing temperature is 150 ℃, the pressure is 1.1Mpa, and the retention time is 10S, so that the puffed corn straws are obtained;
s2, adding water into the zymophyte agent for dilution, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the zymophyte agent to the water is 1g to 18ml, and uniformly stirring to obtain zymophyte liquid;
the preparation method of the fermentation inoculum comprises the following steps: the preservation number is: the lactobacillus plantarum of CGMCC NO.1.12974 has the preservation number as follows: respectively carrying out liquid fermentation, concentration and freeze drying on lactobacillus acidophilus with CGMCC NO.1.1854 to obtain lactobacillus plantarum original bacteria powder and lactobacillus acidophilus original bacteria powder, uniformly mixing the lactobacillus acidophilus original bacteria powder and the lactobacillus acidophilus original bacteria powder according to the weight ratio of 3:1, adding a conventional carrier and a diluent, wherein the carrier is soluble starch, and the diluent is glucose, coenzyme powder and sodium bicarbonate, and packaging to obtain the lactobacillus acidophilus composite powder;
s3, performing second water supplement treatment on the puffed corn straws obtained in the step S1, wherein the second water supplement treatment is performed before spraying zymogen liquid, the water content of the puffed corn straws is controlled to be 63% before spraying the zymogen liquid, then the zymogen liquid prepared in the step S2 is sprayed, bundling is performed, pasture films are packaged in a sealing mode, and anaerobic fermentation is performed for 30 days at the temperature of 20 ℃ to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.
Example 5A corn stalk puffed biological feed
The corn straw puffed biological feed is prepared by performing steam explosion puffing treatment on corn straws to form puffed corn straws, and then adding a zymophyte agent for anaerobic fermentation; the weight ratio of the puffed corn straw to the fermentation inoculant is 60: 0.15.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the corn straws into segments with the length of 3-5 cm, removing dust and impurities, performing steam explosion puffing treatment, and performing first water supplement treatment in the steam explosion puffing treatment process, wherein the first water supplement treatment is to add the corn straws into a puffing cavity, the corn straws are controlled to perform steam explosion puffing in the puffing cavity with the water content of 68%, the puffing temperature is 155 ℃, the pressure is 1.2Mpa, and the retention time is 9S, so that the puffed corn straws are obtained;
s2, adding a zymophyte agent into water for dilution, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the zymophyte agent to the water is 1g to 20ml, and uniformly stirring to obtain zymophyte liquid;
the preparation method of the fermentation inoculum comprises the following steps: the preservation number is: the lactobacillus plantarum of CGMCC NO.1.12974 has the preservation number as follows: respectively carrying out liquid fermentation, concentration and freeze drying on lactobacillus acidophilus with CGMCC NO.1.1854 to obtain lactobacillus plantarum original bacteria powder and lactobacillus acidophilus original bacteria powder, uniformly mixing the lactobacillus acidophilus original bacteria powder and the lactobacillus acidophilus original bacteria powder according to the weight ratio of 3:2, adding a conventional carrier and a diluent, wherein the carrier is soluble starch, and the diluent is glucose, coenzyme powder and sodium bicarbonate, and packaging to obtain the lactobacillus acidophilus composite powder;
s3, performing second water supplement treatment on the puffed corn straws obtained in the step S1, wherein the second water supplement treatment is performed before spraying of zymogen liquid, the water content of the puffed corn straws is controlled to be 65% before spraying of the zymogen liquid, then the zymogen liquid prepared in the step S2 is sprayed, bundling is performed, the pasture films are packaged in a sealing mode, and anaerobic fermentation is performed for 30 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.
Example 6 corn stalk puffed biological feed
The corn straw puffed biological feed is prepared by performing steam explosion puffing treatment on corn straws to form puffed corn straws, and then adding a zymophyte agent for anaerobic fermentation; the weight ratio of the puffed corn straw to the fermentation inoculant is 64: 0.2.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the corn straws into segments with the length of 3-5 cm, removing dust and impurities, performing steam explosion puffing treatment, and performing first water supplement treatment in the steam explosion puffing treatment process, wherein the first water supplement treatment is to add the corn straws into a puffing cavity, the corn straws are controlled to perform steam explosion puffing in the puffing cavity with the water content of 70%, the puffing temperature is 160 ℃, the pressure is 1.3Mpa, and the retention time is 8S, so that the puffed corn straws are obtained;
s2, adding water into the zymophyte agent for dilution, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the zymophyte agent to the water is 1g to 22ml, and uniformly stirring to obtain zymophyte liquid;
the preparation method of the fermentation inoculum comprises the following steps: the preservation number is: the lactobacillus plantarum of CGMCC NO.1.12974 has the preservation number as follows: respectively carrying out liquid fermentation, concentration and freeze drying on lactobacillus acidophilus with CGMCC NO.1.1854 to obtain lactobacillus plantarum original bacteria powder and lactobacillus acidophilus original bacteria powder, uniformly mixing the lactobacillus acidophilus original bacteria powder and the lactobacillus acidophilus original bacteria powder according to the weight ratio of 4:2, adding a conventional carrier and a diluent, wherein the carrier is soluble starch, and the diluent is glucose, coenzyme powder and sodium bicarbonate, and packaging to obtain the lactobacillus acidophilus composite powder;
s3, performing second water supplement treatment on the puffed corn straws obtained in the step S1, wherein the second water supplement treatment is performed before spraying of zymogen liquid, the water content of the puffed corn straws is controlled to be 68% before spraying of the zymogen liquid, then the zymogen liquid prepared in the step S2 is sprayed, bundling is performed, the pasture films are packaged in a sealing mode, and anaerobic fermentation is performed for 28 days at the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain the biological organic fertilizer. Comparative example 4, corn straw biological feed
The corn straw biological feed is prepared by adding corn straw into a zymophyte agent for anaerobic fermentation; the weight ratio of the corn straws to the fermentation inoculant is 60: 0.15.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the corn straws into sections with the length of 3-5 cm, and removing dust and impurities to obtain the corn straws;
s2, adding water into the zymophyte agent for dilution, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the zymophyte agent to the water is 1g to 20ml, and uniformly stirring to obtain zymophyte liquid;
the preparation method of the fermentation inoculum comprises the following steps: the preservation number is: the lactobacillus plantarum of CGMCC NO.1.12974 has the preservation number as follows: respectively carrying out liquid fermentation, concentration and freeze drying on lactobacillus acidophilus with CGMCC NO.1.1854 to obtain lactobacillus plantarum original bacteria powder and lactobacillus acidophilus original bacteria powder, uniformly mixing the lactobacillus acidophilus original bacteria powder and the lactobacillus acidophilus original bacteria powder according to the weight ratio of 3:2, adding a conventional carrier and a diluent, wherein the carrier is soluble starch, and the diluent is glucose, coenzyme powder and sodium bicarbonate, and packaging to obtain the lactobacillus acidophilus composite powder;
s3 spraying the fermented bacteria liquid obtained in step S2 on the corn straw obtained in step S1, bundling, sealing and packaging with pasture films, and performing anaerobic fermentation at 25 ℃ for 30 days.
Comparative example 5, corn straw puffed biological feed
The difference from example 5 is that: the lactobacillus plantarum has a preservation number of: lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC NO.1.12935, the rest steps are similar to those of example 5.
Comparative example 6, corn straw puffed biological feed
The difference from example 5 is that: the lactobacillus acidophilus is deposited as follows: lactobacillus acidophilus CGMCC NO.1.3251, the rest of the procedure was similar to example 5.
Comparative example 7, corn straw puffed biological feed
The difference from example 5 is that: the weight ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum original bacteria powder to the lactobacillus acidophilus original bacteria powder is 1:1, and the rest steps are similar to those in example 5.
First test example, electron microscope scanning physical structure detection test of corn straw
1. The test method comprises the following steps:
the puffed corn stover prepared in step S1 and the fermented puffed corn stover prepared in step S3 in the preparation method of the puffed corn stover biological feed of example 5 were subjected to electron microscope scanning structural detection, and the corn stover was used as a control group, and the electron microscope scanning was performed to send to the academy of agriculture and animal husbandry in inner mongolia for detection.
2. And (3) test results:
2.1, the mirror scanning physical structure diagram of the corn stalks is shown in figure 1, and the corn stalks have smooth surfaces, fiber bundles, compact structures and stalk-shaped structures.
2.2, the mirror scanning physical structure diagram of the puffed corn straw prepared in the step S1 is shown in fig. 2, and the puffed corn straw has rough surface, fluffy fiber, softness and broken hydrogen bonds.
2.3, the mirror scanning physical structure diagram of the puffed corn stalk after fermentation obtained in step S3 is shown in fig. 3, the puffed and fermented corn stalk obtained in example 5 has concave and convex surfaces, and the fiber structure of the corn stalk is further destroyed after puffing and fermentation.
The steam explosion puffing technology and the lactobacillus fermentation technology provided by the invention are combined to be coordinated and promoted, so that the cell walls of corn straw plants can be further promoted to be broken, the complicated fiber structure on the surface layer is disintegrated, the wax layer on the surface of the corn straw is thoroughly destroyed, and the nutrients are fully released, thereby increasing the contact area of microorganisms, digestive enzymes and nutrient substances.
Test example two, test for detecting nutritional index of puffed corn stalk
1. The test method comprises the following steps:
the puffed corn stover obtained in example 1, example 2, example 3, comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 was subjected to neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber content measurement, and the dry matter digestibility at 48 hours and the neutral detergent fiber digestibility at 48 hours were measured, and the nutritional index measurement was conducted to the inner Mongolian Elley group using dry corn stover as a control group.
2. And (3) test results:
the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 nutritional index testing data for puffed corn stover
As can be seen from Table 1:
(1) the neutral detergent fiber content and the acidic detergent fiber content of the corn straw puffed biological feed prepared in the embodiments 1-3 of the invention are reduced in different degrees, and the digestibility of dry matters in 48 hours and the digestibility of neutral detergent fibers in 48 hours are improved; wherein: the content of neutral washing fiber is reduced by more than 10%, the content of acid washing fiber is reduced by more than 5%, the dry matter digestibility is improved by more than 10% in 48 hours, and the neutral washing fiber digestibility is improved by more than 9% in 48 hours, so that the beneficial effect is achieved;
(2) compared with the examples 1-3, the comparative example 1 with the increased temperature and the comparative example 2 with the increased pressure in the steam explosion puffing process have the advantages that the neutral detergent fiber content and the acidic detergent fiber content of the prepared corn straw puffed biological feed are not obviously reduced, the dry matter digestion rate and the neutral detergent fiber digestion rate in 48 hours are not obviously improved, and the influence of the temperature and the pressure on the corn straw puffed biological feed in the steam explosion puffing process is larger;
(3) compared with examples 1-3, comparative example 3, in which the treatment time is prolonged during the steam explosion puffing treatment process, has little influence on the reduction rate of the neutral detergent fiber content and the acidic detergent fiber content of the prepared corn straw puffed biological feed, and has a larger influence on the dry matter digestibility and the neutral detergent fiber digestibility in 48 hours, which indicates that the dry matter digestibility and the neutral detergent fiber digestibility of the corn straw puffed biological feed are influenced by prolonging the treatment time during the steam explosion puffing treatment process.
Third test example, beef quality detection test of corn stalk puffed biological feed
1. The test method comprises the following steps:
beef quality tests were performed on cattle fed with the biological feeds prepared in examples 4, 5, 6, and 7, respectively, for a period of 12 months, and the shearing force, drip loss rate, crude fat content, and unsaturated fatty acid content of the beef were measured, and the test indexes were sent to the university of agriculture in china, using the feed of dried corn stover as a control group.
2. And (3) test results:
the test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 beef quality test data for feeding corn stalk puffed biological feed
As can be seen from Table 2, the beef quality of the cattle fed with the corn stalk puffed biological feed prepared in the embodiments 4 to 6 of the invention is better, the shearing force is lower, the water holding capacity is better, and the intramuscular fat deposition effect is significant. Wherein the shearing force is less than 4.10kg, the water dropping loss rate is less than 12.48 percent, the crude fat content is more than 15.03 percent, and the unsaturated fatty acid content is more than 15.71g/100 g. The beef quality of the cattle fed with the corn straw biological feed prepared in the comparative example 4 without steam explosion puffing treatment is poor, the shearing force and the water holding force are poor, and the intramuscular fat deposition effect is not obvious, while the beef quality of the cattle fed with the corn straw biological feed prepared in the comparative example 5 adopting other plant lactic acid bacteria, the comparative example 6 adopting other lactobacillus acidophilus or the comparative example 7 changing the strain proportion of the two can be influenced by different degrees.
Fourth test example, beef quality detection test of corn stalk puffed biological feed
1. The test method comprises the following steps:
cattle fed with the biological feeds prepared in example 4, example 5, example 6, comparative example 4, comparative example 5, comparative example 6 and comparative example 7 were subjected to detection of the content of cholesterol in beef for 12 months, and fed with dried corn stalks as a control group, and the detection indexes were sent to the university of agriculture in China for detection.
2. And (3) test results:
the test results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 beef quality detection test data for feeding corn stalk puffed biological feed
| Cholesterol content (mg/100g) | |
| Control group | 135.78 |
| Example 4 | 123.56 |
| Example 5 | 120.88 |
| Example 6 | 124.27 |
| Comparative example 4 | 131.24 |
| Comparative example 5 | 129.45 |
| Comparative example 6 | 128.33 |
| Comparative example 7 | 126.98 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the beef fed with the corn stalk puffed biological feed prepared in the embodiments 4-6 of the present invention has a low cholesterol content, is suitable for people with hyperlipidemia, and greatly improves the health of beef. The cholesterol content of beef is higher when the cattle is fed with the corn straw biological feed prepared in the comparative example 4 without steam explosion puffing treatment, and the cholesterol content of beef is influenced to different degrees when the cattle is fed with the corn straw puffed biological feed prepared in the comparative example 5 adopting other plant lactic acid bacteria, the comparative example 6 adopting other lactobacillus acidophilus or the comparative example 7 changing the ratio of the two strains.
Test example 5 cost calculation of beef cattle fed with corn stalk puffed biological feed
Taking Liaozhong demonstration test as an example, the corn stalk puffed biological feed prepared in the embodiment 5 of the invention is fed to cattle for one year, the time is 2020.03 months-2021.03 months, and the feeding cost is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 feeding cost of beef cattle fed with corn stalk puffed biological feed
Note: the feed cost and the income are subject to the statistical data of 03 months in 2021.
As can be seen from Table 4, by comparing the cultivation data, the corn straw puffed biological feed prepared by feeding the corn straw puffed biological feed of the invention in example 5 has 1834 yuan more profit per beef cattle than the conventional dry straw feed.
Example 6 cost calculation of feeding cows with corn stalk puffed biological feed
The applicant cooperated with the illie group of inner mongolia and applied the corn stalk puffed biological feed prepared in the embodiment 5 of the invention to the large group feeding of lactating cows, and the results are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 feeding cost of feeding cows with corn stalk puffed biological feed
A large number of experimental studies show that the corn straw puffed biological feed prepared in the embodiment 5 of the invention can completely replace the leymus chinensis and partially replace the oat grass in daily ration of dairy cows, and the cost of each kilogram of milk is respectively reduced by 0.03 yuan and 0.06 yuan.
Example 7 preservation test of corn stalk puffed biological feed
1. The test method comprises the following steps:
the mold number detection of the corn stalk puffed biological feed prepared in example 5 is performed by referring to ISO7218 in ISO7954:1987(E) for microorganism detection, and a commercial common corn stalk feed is used as a control group.
2. And (3) test results:
the test results are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 preservation test of puffed biological feed with corn stalks
| Number of mold spores/g | Predicted shelf life/month | |
| Control group | 150 | 3.0 |
| Example 5 | ＜100 | ＞8.0 |
As can be seen from table 6, the number of mold spores in the corn stalk puffed biological feed prepared in example 5 of the present invention is less than 100g, and the mold spores can be stored for more than 8 months, which indicates that the preparation method of the corn stalk puffed biological feed provided by the present invention can reduce the mildew of the corn stalk puffed biological feed, and simultaneously, the quality hidden troubles of mildew and deterioration caused by dry stalk rain and the potential safety hazards of fire and the like are avoided.
Further research shows that the preparation method of the corn straw puffed biological feed can reduce the mildew condition of the corn straw puffed biological feed, and the key point of prolonging the storage time is as follows: the steam explosion puffing process and the secondary water replenishing treatment ensure that the water content is in a reasonable range in the production process of the corn straw puffed biological feed, so that the mildew condition of the corn straw puffed biological feed can be effectively reduced, and the storage time is prolonged.
Claims (10)
1. The corn straw puffed biological feed is characterized in that the corn straw puffed biological feed is prepared by performing steam explosion puffing treatment on corn straws to form puffed corn straws, and then adding a zymophyte agent for anaerobic fermentation;
the weight ratio of the puffed corn straw to the fermentation bacteria agent is (54-64) to (0.1-0.2);
the processing method of the puffed corn straw comprises the following steps:
cutting corn straws into segments with the length of 3-5 cm, removing dust and impurities, and performing steam explosion puffing treatment, wherein the puffing temperature is 150-160 ℃, the pressure is 1.1-1.3 Mpa, and the retention time is 8-10 s, so as to obtain the corn straw powder;
the fermentation inoculum is formed by mixing lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus.
2. The corn stalk puffed biological feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the fermentation inoculum is as follows:
respectively carrying out liquid fermentation, concentration and freeze drying on lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus to obtain lactobacillus plantarum original bacterium powder and lactobacillus acidophilus original bacterium powder, uniformly mixing the lactobacillus plantarum original bacterium powder and the lactobacillus acidophilus original bacterium powder, adding a conventional carrier and a diluent, and packaging to obtain the lactobacillus acidophilus powder.
3. The corn straw puffed biological feed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of lactobacillus plantarum original bacteria powder to lactobacillus acidophilus original bacteria powder in the fermentation inoculum is (3-4): 1-2.
4. The preparation method of the corn straw puffed biological feed as claimed in any claim 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, cutting the corn straws into segments with the length of 3-5 cm, removing dust and impurities, performing steam explosion puffing treatment, and performing first water supplement treatment in the steam explosion puffing treatment process, wherein the puffing temperature is 150-160 ℃, the pressure is 1.1-1.3 Mpa, and the retention time is 8-10S, so as to obtain puffed corn straws;
s2, adding water into the zymophyte agent for dilution, and uniformly stirring to obtain zymophyte liquid;
s3, performing secondary water supplement treatment on the puffed corn straw obtained in the step S1, spraying the zymogen liquid obtained in the step S2, bundling, sealing and packaging with pasture films, and performing anaerobic fermentation to obtain the corn straw.
5. The method for preparing the corn stalk puffed biological feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first water supplement treatment in the step S1 is to add the water into the puffing chamber, and the corn stalk is puffed by steam explosion in the puffing chamber with the water content of 65-70%.
6. The preparation method of the corn straw puffed biological feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the fermentation inoculum to water in step S2 is 1g (18-22) ml.
7. The method for preparing the corn stalk puffed biological feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation method of the fermentation bacteria agent in the step S2 is:
respectively carrying out liquid fermentation, concentration and freeze drying on lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus to obtain lactobacillus plantarum original bacterium powder and lactobacillus acidophilus original bacterium powder, uniformly mixing the lactobacillus plantarum original bacterium powder and the lactobacillus acidophilus original bacterium powder, adding a conventional carrier and a diluent, and packaging to obtain the lactobacillus acidophilus powder.
8. The method for preparing the corn straw puffed biological feed as claimed in claim 7, wherein the weight ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum original bacteria powder to the lactobacillus acidophilus original bacteria powder in the fermentation inoculum is (3-4): (1-2).
9. The method of claim 4, wherein the second water-supplementing treatment in step S3 is performed before spraying the fermented liquid, and the water content of the puffed corn stalks before spraying the fermented liquid is controlled to be 63% -68%.
10. The method for preparing the corn stalk puffed biological feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fermentation conditions in the step S3 are: carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 28-30 days at the temperature of 20-30 ℃.
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| CN112715753A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-04-30 | 乌鲁木齐美露可生物技术有限公司 | Method for producing composite forage grass by using waste plant fibers |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105995030A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-10-12 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Method for producing feed from corn straw |
| CN108450657A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-08-28 | 初景龙 | A method of handling processing feedstuff with stalks using steam explosion |
| CN107279459A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-10-24 | 吉林康大食品有限公司 | A kind of maize straw fermentative feedstuff of microbe and preparation method thereof |
| CN112293566A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-02 | 辽宁祥和农牧实业有限公司 | Fermented and puffed straw feed by utilizing fermentation microbial inoculum and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112715753A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-04-30 | 乌鲁木齐美露可生物技术有限公司 | Method for producing composite forage grass by using waste plant fibers |
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Application publication date: 20211102 |