CN110178992B - Modulation method of elytrigia elongata silage - Google Patents
Modulation method of elytrigia elongata silage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modulation method of a elytrigia elongata silage, which is implemented according to the following steps: soaking elytrigia repens in a sodium bicarbonate solution, and then soaking in an acetic acid solution to obtain pretreated elytrigia repens; adding a complex enzyme into the pretreated elytrigia repens in the step 1, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3-5h to obtain an enzymolysis material; weighing 30-50 parts of enzymolysis material, 10-20 parts of mushroom dregs, 5-10 parts of shell powder, 0.5-1 part of octyl glucoside and 0.3-0.5 part of anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum; uniformly mixing the enzymolysis material, the bacterial residues and the anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum to obtain a mixed raw material, fermenting the mixed raw material for 20-30 days under an anaerobic condition, and obtaining a fermentation material after the fermentation is finished; and (3) uniformly mixing the fermentation material with shell powder and octyl glucoside to obtain the elytrigia repens silage. The preparation method effectively solves the problems of poor mouthfeel and poor nutrition of the elytrigia repens, and the prepared elytrigia repens silage is rich in nutrition, good in palatability and wide in application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of silage processing and modulation, and particularly relates to a modulation method of a elytrigia elongata silage.
Background
In recent years, the rapid development of the breeding industry in China promotes the development of the feed processing industry, further leads to the shortage of protein and energy feeds, pasture is used for replacing part of the feeds, so that the method has important significance for solving the problem of 'food competition between people and livestock', and meanwhile, under the condition that pasture resources are limited, the active search of alternative plant feeds except the pasture is particularly important.
Elytrigia elongata is a common plant, the nutrient body of the Elytrigia elongata is abnormally developed, the plant is highly and luxuriantly grown, 800 stems can be grown per square meter, and the highest acre yield of fresh grass reaches 4350kg under the condition of cutting twice in one year. But the coarse fiber content is high, the grass quality is coarse, and the feeding value is low, so that the elytrigia repens is required to be treated so as to become an alternative plant feed.
The silage is a forage grass processing mode which is beneficial to nutrient component preservation, can reduce the content of plant natural toxins and improve the conversion efficiency of the forage grass, and has fresh, tender and succulent silage materials, soft texture, sour and fragrant smell and preference of livestock.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a modulation method of a elytrigia elongata silage, which solves the problems that elytrigia elongata silage is rough in quality and low in feeding value and is difficult to become a plant feed substitute resource in the prior art.
The invention provides a modulation method of a elytrigia elongata silage, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, cutting elytrigia repens into sections, soaking the sections in a sodium bicarbonate solution, taking out the sections, airing the sections, soaking the sections in an acid solution, taking out the sections after soaking, draining the sections, and enabling the water content of the elytrigia repens to reach 40-50% to obtain pretreated elytrigia repens;
wherein the acid solution is prepared from an acetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 5% and sodium lignin sulfonate according to the ratio of 100: 3-5 in mass ratio;
step 2, adding a complex enzyme which is 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the pre-treated elytrigia repens into the pre-treated elytrigia repens in the step 1, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3-5h at 40-60 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis material;
step 3, weighing 30-50 parts of enzymolysis material, 10-20 parts of mushroom dregs, 5-10 parts of shell powder, 0.5-1 part of octyl glucoside and 0.3-0.5 part of anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum in the step 2;
wherein the anaerobic fermentation microbial agent is prepared from a lactic acid bacteria preparation, a trichoderma preparation and an aspergillus niger preparation according to the ratio of 2: 1: 1 by mass ratio;
step 4, uniformly mixing the enzymolysis material, the bacterial residues and the anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum weighed in the step 3 to obtain a mixed raw material, filling the mixed raw material into a fermentation container, fermenting for 20-30 days under an anaerobic condition, and obtaining a fermentation material after the fermentation is finished;
and 5, uniformly mixing the fermentation material obtained in the step 4 with the shell powder and octyl glucoside weighed in the step 3 to obtain the elytrigia repens silage.
Preferably, in step 1, the Elytrigia elongata is cut into segments with the length of 1-2 cm.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the sodium bicarbonate solution in the step 1 is 5%.
Preferably, the complex enzyme is prepared from cellulase and amylase according to the ratio of 2: 1, and mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1.
Preferably, the enzyme activities of the cellulase and the amylase are both 10000U/mL.
Preferably, the packing density of the mixed raw materials in the fermentation vessel in the step 4 is 500-700kg/m3。
Preferably, the viable count of the lactobacillus in the lactobacillus preparation is more than or equal to 107cfu/g；
The number of Aspergillus niger spores in the Aspergillus niger preparation is more than or equal to 107Per gram;
the number of trichoderma spores in the trichoderma preparation is more than or equal to 107Per gram.
Preferably, the particle size of the shell powder is less than or equal to 1 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the method comprises the following steps of firstly, treating the elytrigia repens by using alkali liquor, weakening the binding force among cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and softening the crude fiber in the elytrigia repens;
the softened elytrigia repens is treated by acid liquor, and at the moment, coarse fiber structures which are combined together and intertwined with each other in the elytrigia repens are changed and are dispersed from each other; meanwhile, in order to promote the permeability of acid liquor between cell walls of Elytrigia repens and better change the structure of crude fibers, a certain amount of sodium lignosulphonate is added into acetic acid with the mass concentration of 5%, the sodium lignosulphonate can be well dissolved in the acetic acid solution, and as the sulfonic acid functional groups on the sodium lignosulphonate can generate hydrogen bond action with lignin forming the cell walls of Elytrigia repens, the sodium lignosulphonate is easy to permeate into the Elytrigia repens cells, and simultaneously brings a certain amount of hydrogen ions to permeate into the cells, so that the cell structure is changed, and the crude fibers which are mutually wound are mutually dispersed;
the dispersed crude fiber is subjected to primary treatment by utilizing enzymolysis reaction, the enzymolysis reaction decomposes macromolecular crude fiber into low molecular substances, and simultaneously generates a certain amount of soluble sugar; the low molecular substances are fermented by using an anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum, organic substances in the elytrigia repens are gradually decomposed into monosaccharide, disaccharide, amino acid and other small molecular substances which are easy to digest and absorb by animals under the synergistic action of various microorganisms in the anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum, and then the complex physicochemical and biochemical reactions are carried out to form the feed with unique fermentation material flavor; after the pretreatment step and the enzymolysis, the fermentation efficiency is improved, the fermentation time is shortened, and the obtained fermentation product has more excellent quality and taste.
2) In the test process, the octyl glucoside has the function of inhibiting silage fermentation, namely, the octyl glucoside is added into silage after silage is obtained after fermentation is finished, and the silage is not fermented under the natural state, so that further fermentation of the silage can be avoided, and the obtained silage finished product can be prevented from being further fermented until the pH value is too low, so that putrefying bacteria are propagated in large quantity, the silage is rotten and smelly, and the quality is reduced.
3) The lactobacillus in the anaerobic fermentation microbial agent can also adjust the balance of intestinal flora, inhibit the proliferation of undesirable microorganisms in the intestinal tract, has antagonistic action on pathogenic microorganisms, has special effects on gastrointestinal dysfunction, gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by the administration of antibiotics and other symptoms, can quickly restore the normal balance of the flora in the intestinal tract, inhibit the proliferation of putrefying bacteria and enhance the disease resistance of animals; the mushroom dregs can supplement protein sources in the feed, the nutritive value of the feed is improved, the shell powder can obviously improve the digestibility, namely the palatability on one hand, and can effectively improve the immunity of animals on the other hand, the morbidity is obviously reduced, and the environment of a farm is improved.
4) The preparation method effectively solves the problems of poor mouthfeel and poor nutrition of the elytrigia repens, and the prepared elytrigia repens silage is rich in nutrition, good in palatability and wide in application prospect.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood and enable those skilled in the art to practice the present invention, the following embodiments are further described, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
In the examples, the lactobacillus preparation is purchased from Dalian Summia Biotech Co., Ltd, with the product number of 200; the trichoderma preparation was a trichoderma harzianum preparation purchased from yishui jinrun biotechnology limited; the Aspergillus niger is purchased from China center for type culture Collection, and the preservation number is CCTCC NO: m206021, and the A.niger preparation were obtained by culturing in a conventional manner, and the test methods described in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A preparation method of a elytrigia elongata silage feed is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, cutting elytrigia repens into segments of 1-2cm, soaking the segments in a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass concentration of 5%, taking out the segments, airing the segments, soaking the segments in an acid solution, taking out the segments after soaking, draining water, and enabling the water content of the elytrigia repens to reach 40% to obtain pretreated elytrigia repens;
wherein the acid solution is prepared from 5% acetic acid solution and sodium lignin sulfonate according to the mass concentration of 100: 3, the mass ratio is prepared;
step 2, adding a complex enzyme which is 0.1 percent of the weight of the pre-treated elytrigia repens into the pre-treated elytrigia repens in the step 1, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis material;
wherein the complex enzyme is prepared from cellulase and amylase according to the following ratio of 2: 1, and the enzyme activities of the cellulase and the amylase are both 10000U/mL;
step 3, weighing 30 parts of enzymolysis material, 20 parts of mushroom dregs, 5 parts of shell powder with the average grain diameter of 0.2mm, 0.6 part of octyl glucoside and 0.3 part of anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum in the step 2;
wherein the anaerobic fermentation microbial agent is prepared from a lactobacillus preparation, a trichoderma preparation and an aspergillus niger preparation according to the proportion of 2: 1: 1 by mass ratio; the viable count of lactobacillus in the lactobacillus preparation is 107cfu/g; the Aspergillus niger spore number in the Aspergillus niger preparation is 108Per gram; the number of Trichoderma spores in the Trichoderma preparation is 2 × 108Per gram;
step 4, uniformly mixing the enzymolysis material, the bacterial residues and the anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum weighed in the step 3 to obtain a mixed raw material, and filling the mixed raw material into a fermentation container with the filling density of 600kg/m3Fermenting for 20 days under anaerobic condition to obtain fermented material;
and 5, uniformly mixing the fermentation material obtained in the step 4 with the shell powder and octyl glucoside weighed in the step 3 to obtain the elytrigia repens silage.
Example 2
A preparation method of a elytrigia elongata silage feed is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, cutting elytrigia repens into segments of 1-2cm, soaking the segments in a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass concentration of 5%, taking out the segments, airing the segments, soaking the segments in an acid solution, taking out the segments after soaking, draining water, and enabling the water content of the elytrigia repens to reach 45% to obtain pretreated elytrigia repens;
wherein the acid solution is prepared from 5% acetic acid solution and sodium lignin sulfonate according to the mass concentration of 100: 4, preparing the components according to the mass ratio;
step 2, adding a complex enzyme which is 0.2 percent of the weight of the pre-treated elytrigia repens into the pre-treated elytrigia repens in the step 1, and carrying out enzymolysis for 5 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis material;
wherein the complex enzyme is prepared from cellulase and amylase according to the following ratio of 2: 1, and the enzyme activities of the cellulase and the amylase are both 10000U/mL;
step 3, weighing 40 parts of enzymolysis material, 15 parts of mushroom dregs, 8 parts of shell powder with the average grain diameter of 0.5mm, 1 part of octyl glucoside and 0.5 part of anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum in the step 2;
wherein the anaerobic fermentation microbial agent is prepared from a lactobacillus preparation, a trichoderma preparation and an aspergillus niger preparation according to the proportion of 2: 1: 1 by mass ratio; the viable count of lactobacillus in the lactobacillus preparation is 108cfu/g; the Aspergillus niger spore number in the Aspergillus niger preparation is 107Per gram; the number of Trichoderma spores in the Trichoderma preparation is 1.5 × 107Per gram;
step 4, uniformly mixing the enzymolysis material, the bacterial residues and the anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum weighed in the step 3 to obtain a mixed raw material, and filling the mixed raw material into a fermentation container with the filling density of 600kg/m3Fermenting for 25 days under anaerobic condition to obtain fermented material;
and 5, uniformly mixing the fermentation material obtained in the step 4 with the shell powder and octyl glucoside weighed in the step 3 to obtain the elytrigia repens silage.
Example 3
A preparation method of a elytrigia elongata silage feed is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, cutting elytrigia repens into segments of 1-2cm, soaking the segments in a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass concentration of 5%, taking out the segments, airing the segments, soaking the segments in an acid solution, taking out the segments after soaking, draining water, and enabling the water content of the elytrigia repens to reach 50% to obtain pretreated elytrigia repens;
wherein the acid solution is prepared from 5% acetic acid solution and sodium lignin sulfonate according to the mass concentration of 100: 5 in a mass ratio;
step 2, adding a complex enzyme which is 0.3 percent of the weight of the pre-treated elytrigia repens into the pre-treated elytrigia repens in the step 1, and carrying out enzymolysis for 4 hours at 50 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis material;
wherein the complex enzyme is prepared from cellulase and amylase according to the following ratio of 2: 1, and the enzyme activities of the cellulase and the amylase are both 10000U/mL;
step 3, weighing 50 parts of enzymolysis material, 10 parts of mushroom dregs, 10 parts of shell powder with the average grain diameter of 1mm, 0.5 part of octyl glucoside and 0.4 part of anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum in the step 2;
wherein the anaerobic fermentation microbial agent is prepared from a lactobacillus preparation, a trichoderma preparation and an aspergillus niger preparation according to the proportion of 2: 1: 1 by mass ratio; the viable count of lactobacillus in the lactobacillus preparation is 2 × 108cfu/g; aspergillus niger spore number of 2.5 × 10 in Aspergillus niger preparation7Per gram; the trichoderma spore number in the trichoderma preparation is 107Per gram;
step 4, uniformly mixing the enzymolysis material, the bacterial residues and the anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum weighed in the step 3 to obtain a mixed raw material, and filling the mixed raw material into a fermentation container, wherein the filling density is 700kg/m3Fermenting for 30 days under anaerobic condition to obtain fermented material;
and 5, uniformly mixing the fermentation material obtained in the step 4 with the shell powder and octyl glucoside weighed in the step 3 to obtain the elytrigia repens silage.
In order to further illustrate the effect of the invention, the invention is also provided with a comparative example which is concretely as follows:
comparative example 1
The specific preparation method of the elytrigia repens silage is the same as that in example 1, except that in comparative example 1, no sodium bicarbonate solution and no acetic acid solution are adopted to pretreat elytrigia repens, namely, step 1 in example 1 is omitted.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a elytrigia repens silage is the same as that in example 1, except that in comparative example 2, sodium lignosulphonate is not added into an acetic acid solution when the acetic acid solution is used for pretreating the elytrigia repens.
Comparative example 3
The specific preparation method of the elytrigia repens silage is the same as that in example 1, except that octyl glucoside is not added in the preparation process of the elytrigia repens silage in the comparative example 3.
Comparative example 4
A preparation method of a elytrigia repens silage feed is the same as that in example 1, except that sodium bicarbonate solution and acetic acid solution are not adopted to pretreat elytrigia repens silage feed in comparative example 4, and octyl glucoside is not added.
To verify the effect of octyl glucoside, we stored the silage of elytrigia repens prepared in example 1 and comparative example 3 at room temperature for 5 days, and then tested the fermentation index, see table 1.
TABLE 1 EXAMPLE 1 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3 PERMANENT MARTENSIA ensilage WITH PERMANENT INDICATOR DURING STORAGE AT RT 5 days
As can be seen from Table 1, the performance of the elytrigia repens silage added with octyl glucoside in the example 1 is basically unchanged after the elytrigia repens silage is stored for 5 days at normal temperature, while the elytrigia repens silage not added with octyl glucoside in the comparative example 3 is continuously fermented in the process of being stored for 5 days at normal temperature, so that the pH value is reduced to be below 4.2, spoilage bacteria are massively propagated, the performance of the silage is changed, and the quality is reduced.
The elytrigia repens silage prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-4 is tested to illustrate the effect of the invention, and the specific test results are shown in the table 2.
TABLE 2 analysis of ingredients of Elytrigia elongata silage
As can be seen from the table 2, the content of crude protein in the Elytrigia elongata silage is about 28%, and the content of crude fiber and crude ash is only about 13%, so that compared with a comparative example, the Elytrigia elongata silage prepared by the method is rich in nutrition and good in palatability.
The effect of the invention is further illustrated by using the elytrigia repens silage prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4 to perform a feeding test on mutton sheep, and the specific test steps and results are as follows.
In the test, 70 healthy male Hu sheep with similar weight are randomly selected and randomly divided into 7 groups, and the 7 groups of healthy male Hu sheep are respectively fed with the elytrigia repens silage prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4, wherein the times, the quantity and the time of feeding the feed are the same, the test period is 2 months, the pre-test period is 5 days, the formal feeding time is 60 days, the feeding amount is 2.5-3kg feed/day, and rumen fluid and production performance indexes of the test sheep are collected in the test process. The specific results are shown in tables 3-4, wherein the ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid is determined by using a modified colorimetric assay method such as von Zornia.
TABLE 3 goat rumen fluid test results
| Item | pH value | NH4 +-N(mg/100mL) |
| Example 1 | 6.48 | 2.55 |
| Example 2 | 6.50 | 2.53 |
| Example 3 | 6.52 | 2.56 |
| Comparative example 1 | 7.56 | 2.36 |
| Comparative example 2 | 7.35 | 2.41 |
| Comparative example 3 | 7.48 | 2.09 |
| Comparative example 4 | 7.68 | 2.09 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the pH values of the rumen fluids of the male Hu sheep of each group of examples 1-3 were all around 6.5, NH4 +The concentration of-N has no obvious difference, which indicates that the comprehensive fermentation capacity of rumen fluid is strong, and the nutrient components of the feed prepared by the examples 1-3 are reasonable.
TABLE 4 Elytrigia repens silage feeding male Hu sheep test results
| Item | Average initial weight (kg) | Average end dose (kg) | Average daily gain (g) |
| Example 1 | 23.12 | 34.31 | 186.5 |
| Example 2 | 22.86 | 33.81 | 182.5 |
| Example 3 | 23.23 | 34.33 | 185.0 |
| Comparative example 1 | 22.98 | 31.45 | 141.2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 22.85 | 33.47 | 177.0 |
| Comparative example 3 | 23.01 | 32.36 | 155.8 |
| Comparative example 4 | 22.45 | 30.87 | 140.3 |
As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the comparative examples, the average daily gain of the male Hu sheep in the test period reaches more than 180g after the quack grass silage prepared in the examples 1 to 3 is fed, and the quack grass silage provided by the invention has a good effect on improving the growth performance of the male Hu sheep.
While the present invention has been described with respect to preferred embodiments, additional variations and modifications will occur to those embodiments once the basic inventive concepts are known to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a elytrigia elongata silage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, cutting elytrigia repens into sections, soaking the sections in a sodium bicarbonate solution, taking out the sections, airing the sections, soaking the sections in an acid solution, taking out the sections after soaking, draining the sections, and enabling the water content of the elytrigia repens to reach 40-50% to obtain pretreated elytrigia repens;
wherein the acid solution is prepared from an acetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 5% and sodium lignin sulfonate according to the ratio of 100: 3-5 in mass ratio;
step 2, adding a complex enzyme which is 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the pre-treated elytrigia repens into the pre-treated elytrigia repens in the step 1, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3-5h at 40-60 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis material; the compound enzyme is prepared from cellulase and amylase according to the following ratio of 2: 1 by mass ratio;
step 3, weighing 30-50 parts of enzymolysis material, 10-20 parts of mushroom dregs, 5-10 parts of shell powder, 0.5-1 part of octyl glucoside and 0.3-0.5 part of anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum in the step 2;
wherein the anaerobic fermentation microbial agent is prepared from a lactic acid bacteria preparation, a trichoderma preparation and an aspergillus niger preparation according to the ratio of 2: 1: 1 by mass ratio;
step 4, uniformly mixing the enzymolysis material, the bacterial residues and the anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum weighed in the step 3 to obtain a mixed raw material, filling the mixed raw material into a fermentation container, and fermenting for 20-30 days under an anaerobic condition to obtain a fermentation material;
and 5, uniformly mixing the fermentation material obtained in the step 4 with the shell powder and octyl glucoside weighed in the step 3 to obtain the elytrigia repens silage.
2. The method for preparing the ensilage of Elytrigia elongata according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, Elytrigia elongata is cut into segments of 1-2cm in length.
3. The method for preparing the ensilage of Elytrigia elongata according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the sodium bicarbonate solution in step 1 is 5% by mass.
4. The method for preparing the ensilage of elytrigia repens according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme activities of the cellulase and the amylase are 10000U/mL.
5. The method for preparing the ensilage of Elytrigia repens according to claim 1, wherein the density of the mixed raw material in the fermentation vessel in step 4 is 500-700kg/m3。
6. The method for preparing the silage for elytrigia repens according to claim 1, wherein the viable count of the lactic acid bacteria in the lactic acid bacteria preparation is not less than 107cfu/g；
The number of Aspergillus niger spores in the Aspergillus niger preparation is more than or equal to 107Per gram;
the number of trichoderma spores in the trichoderma preparation is more than or equal to 107Per gram.
7. The method for preparing the ensiling feed of Elytrigia elongata according to claim 1, wherein the grain size of the shell powder is not more than 1 mm.
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Citations (3)
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| CN103734456A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-23 | 南京农业大学 | Ensiling composition containing perennial ryegrass and vicia sativa and application of ensiling composition |
| CN106720997A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-31 | 滨州市科学技术情报研究所 | A kind of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation cooperates with whole-plant Corn Silage new technology |
| CN107927322A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-04-20 | 罗世华 | Fermented composite feed and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103734456A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-23 | 南京农业大学 | Ensiling composition containing perennial ryegrass and vicia sativa and application of ensiling composition |
| CN106720997A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-31 | 滨州市科学技术情报研究所 | A kind of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation cooperates with whole-plant Corn Silage new technology |
| CN107927322A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-04-20 | 罗世华 | Fermented composite feed and preparation method thereof |
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