CN108174993B - Laying hen feed taking sillibania microphylla as raw material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Laying hen feed taking sillibania microphylla as raw material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laying hen feed taking sillibania microphylla as a raw material, which comprises the following raw materials: pretreated albizzia julibrissin durazzini, corn flour, bean pulp, bone meal, fish meal, calcium hydrophosphate, an additive and probiotics; the preparation method of the laying hen feed comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting tender stem and leaf of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz into small segments, soaking in warm water, rapidly freezing at-20 deg.C, placing into a fermentation container, adding extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas, drying and dehydrating the fermented mixed gas to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; (2) crushing and granulating; (3) coating treatment; (4) and (5) settling the microalgae. The invention can improve the palatability of leguminous forage and provides the laying hen feed which effectively reduces the feeding cost, has comprehensive nutritional value, good palatability, easy absorption, convenient use and high disease resistance.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the field of feeds, and particularly relates to a laying hen feed taking sillibania microphylla as a raw material and a preparation method thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
At present, the laying hen feed is developed and applied at home and abroad by taking corn, wheat bran and the like as raw materials, the feed cost is high, the feed is extremely grain-consuming, the feed is contrary to the concept that the traditional grain-consuming type animal husbandry provided at the present stage of China is changed into the modern grain-saving type animal husbandry, and in order to reduce the breeding cost, some farmers and enterprises reduce the cost by utilizing the cheap feed such as the traditional grain-consuming type animal husbandry, but the daily nutritional requirements of the laying hens are seriously influenced, the feed conversion rate is reduced, and the slaughtering rate, the slaughtering time and the quality of animal products of the laying.
The albizia julibrissin durazzini is leguminous shrubs, the plant height is 1.5-3 m, even feather-shaped compound leaves are provided, the leaf quality is soft, the palatability is good, the nutrition is rich, the dry matter in the tender stem leaves contains 25% of crude protein, and the calcium and phosphorus content is high. The albizia julibrissin dura willd likes high temperature, is cold-resistant, drought-resistant, barren-resistant, acid-resistant, strong in stress resistance, wide in adaptability, rapid in growth, luxuriant in branches and leaves, and can be mowed for 3-4 times every year, and the annual fresh grass yield is more than 3000 kg/mu, is introduced from the United states in 1987, is usually used as leguminous grazing grass of herbivorous animals such as cattle, sheep and chicken and the like to be cultivated and fed fresh. The leguminous forage namely the Leucaena microphylla is used as a main protein source of laying hens and has the effects of reducing the breeding cost, improving the production efficiency and the like. Although albizzia julibrissin durazzini has many years of growth, the growth rate is reduced and the quality is reduced after 10 months of autumn. And with the increase of labor cost, the labor investment of breeding enterprises is increased by feeding fresh grass. At present, no research result and invention patent of laying hen feed taking sillibania microphylla as a raw material exist at home and abroad.
The common Leucaena leucocephala does not contain mimotoxin, so that the process steps of detoxification can be reduced in the processing process, the production cost is saved, but the neutral detergent fiber and the acid detergent fiber of the Leucaena leucocephala have high content which respectively reach 39.70 percent and 34.20 percent, and after the conventional fermentation treatment, the Leucaena leucocephala is still difficult to be completely digested by laying hens, the feeding of the laying hens and the absorption of other nutrient substances are influenced, and the resistance of the laying hens to diseases is further reduced. Therefore, the research on the feed capable of reducing the content of neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber and promoting the laying hens to comprehensively absorb the nutrient components of the feed has wide market popularization value.
[ summary of the invention ]
Aiming at the difficulties in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a layer feed taking albizzia julibrissin as a raw material and a preparation method thereof. The laying hen feed provided by the invention comprises the following raw materials: pretreated albizzia julibrissin durazzini, corn flour, soybean meal, bone meal, fish meal, calcium hydrophosphate, an additive and probiotics. The method comprises the steps of pretreating the albizzia julibrissin to degrade lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in the albizzia julibrissin, so that the content of neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber in the albizzia julibrissin is reduced; then making the raw materials into pills; then, by the technical means of coating treatment, a protective film is formed on the surface of the pellet feed, so that the disease resistance of the laying hens is improved; and finally, settling the microalgae to enable the surface of the feed to adsorb the microalgae, so that the content of trace metal elements in the feed is increased. The invention can improve the palatability of leguminous forage and provides the laying hen feed which effectively reduces the feeding cost, has comprehensive nutritional value, good palatability, easy absorption, convenient use and high disease resistance.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a layer feed taking Leucaena microphylla as a raw material comprises the following components: the method comprises the following raw materials:
15-22 parts of pretreated sillibania microphylla, 45-55 parts of corn flour, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of bone meal, 2-3 parts of fish meal, 1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1-2 parts of additive and 1.5 parts of probiotics;
the preparation method of the laying hen feed comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: according to parts by weight, 100 parts of tender stems and leaves of albizia julibrissin durazzini are cut into small segments of 1-2 cm, the small segments are placed into warm water at 35-45 ℃ to be soaked for 12-20 min, the small segments are taken out and then are rapidly placed into an environment at-20 ℃ to be frozen for 24-36 h, the small segments are placed into a fermentation container after being thawed, the stacking thickness of the small segments of albizia julibrissin durazzini is controlled to be 4-6 cm, 3-7 parts of extracellular enzyme are mixed, N is introduced into the fermentation container, and2/C02fermenting the mixed gas at 23-30 ℃ for 20-35 h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated albizia julibrissin;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring all the raw materials except the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture according to the formula, crushing to 40-60 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, and then putting the granules into a shot blasting machine to prepare into balls to obtain ball feed;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture as a coating solution, and coating for 100-150 min under the conditions that the air source pressure is 0.45-0.75 MPa, the airtight pressure is 0.55MPa, the air inlet temperature is 45 ℃ and the air outlet temperature is 35 ℃ to obtain a feed crude product;
(4) microalgae sedimentation: and (3) settling the microalgae by adopting a flocculation method, treating the microalgae in the microalgae pool for 15-20 min under the condition that the ultrasonic power is 1500-2000 w, then putting the coarse feed product into the microalgae pool for settling, adjusting the ultrasonic power to be 500-700 w, settling for 2-4 h, taking out the granules, and drying to constant weight to obtain the finished laying hen feed product.
In the present invention, as a further illustration, the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture described in step (3) is prepared by the following method: according to the weight parts, 25 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 parts of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, a stirrer is started, stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 1000-3000 r/min, then 10 parts of algal polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 15-20% are injected into the solution system at the speed of 10m/s, and stirring is carried out at a constant speed for 35-60 min, so as to obtain a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture.
In the invention, as a further illustration, the additive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight of 5-15: 2-6: 1 vitamins, trace metal elements and somatotropin.
In the present invention, as a further explanation, N in the step (1)2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 20 to 30.
In the present invention, as a further explanation, the process parameters of the pellet preparation in step (2) are as follows: the rotating speed of the rotating centrifugal disc is 10-20 r/min, and the circle throwing time is 30-45 min.
In the invention, as a further explanation, the particle size of the pellet feed in the step (2) is 1-2 cm.
In the invention, the content of copper ions in the somatotropin is 75000-85000 mg/kg, the content of iron ions is 3000-4000 mg/kg, and the content of zinc ions is 5000-6000 mg/kg.
The specific effects of part of raw materials are as follows:
corn flour, which is used in the present invention to provide carbohydrates to layers.
The soybean meal is used for providing protein and crude fat for the laying hens.
Bone meal and fish meal, which are used in the invention to increase the content of calcium, phosphorus and trace metal elements in the feed.
The probiotics are used for improving the growth of beneficial flora, are helpful for exhausting and prevent digestive system diseases such as tympanites, diarrhea and the like.
Calcium hydrogen phosphate, used in the present invention to increase the calcium content of the feed.
Extracellular enzymes, used in the present invention to degrade lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose.
N2The gas, used in the present invention to create a nitrogen environment for fermentation, promotes fermentation of the material.
C02The gas is used for creating an acidic gas environment and promoting the fermentation of the materials.
The microalgae are used for improving the content of trace metal elements in the feed.
Has the advantages that:
1. the method for pretreating the albizzia julibrissin by the acid washing process can degrade lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in the albizzia julibrissin, so that the content of neutral washing fiber and acidic washing fiber in the albizzia julibrissin is reduced. The invention firstly expands the volume of water molecules in the structure of the albizzia julibrissin by freezing treatment, and struts the internal organization structure of the albizzia julibrissin from the inside, so that the structure of the albizzia julibrissin becomes loose, which is beneficial to the subsequent degradation process; then, the stacking thickness of the albizzia julibrissin durazzini is controlled to be 4-6 cm, so that the extracellular enzyme can be always in a low-pressure state in the process of degrading lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, and the degradation process is facilitated; finally, filling with N2/C02In the mixed gas environment of (2), with C02Gas being the main gas, N2The gas is auxiliary gas, and passes through high C02Gas-promoted fermentation of microorganisms with low N2The gas can provide a nitrogen source for the microorganisms, and further promote the fermentation of the microorganisms.
2. The carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture adopted by the invention can combine the advantages of chitosan and algal polysaccharide, provide biomass for the laying hens and improve the disease resistance of the laying hens. According to the invention, firstly, the carboxymethyl chitosan solution is stirred at a high speed, so that the collision probability among high-speed materials is improved; then spraying the algal polysaccharide into a reaction system by a spraying technical means to form a graft of carboxymethyl chitosan and algal polysaccharide. The carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture prepared by the invention can simultaneously have the biomass of carboxymethyl chitosan and algal polysaccharide, and simultaneously, the carboxymethyl chitosan and the algal polysaccharide can interact with each other to jointly improve the disease resistance of the laying hens.
3. The technical means of microalgae sedimentation adopted by the invention can ensure that the microalgae are tightly adsorbed on the surface of the pellet feed, thereby improving the content of trace metal elements in the feed. The pellet feed is coated by the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture, and the strong adsorption force of the carboxymethyl chitosan on trace metal elements in the microalgae is utilized, so that the microalgae is tightly adsorbed on the surface of the pellet feed, and the content of the trace metal elements in the feed is improved.
4. The invention solves the problem of the supply of egg-laying hen protein feed in autumn and winter, so the Leucaena microphylla which is abundant in spring and summer is processed into complete pellet feed for feeding all the year round. The processed complete granulated feed of the Leucaena microphylla not only preserves the nutritive value of fresh grass, but also forms a specially colored grass product for commercial circulation through a nutritional formula, reduces the feeding labor input of part of breeding enterprises, reduces the breeding and labor cost, and is simple and efficient.
5. The invention makes full use of beneficial components of woody feed, namely the albizzia julibrissin durazzini, such as vegetable protein, bioactive substances and the like, replaces a part of grain feed in daily ration of laying hens, effectively reduces the cost of the breeding feed and simultaneously increases the body resistance. The invention effectively reduces the breeding cost, reduces the use of antibiotics and achieves the final aim of pollution-free ecological breeding of the laying hens.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
Example 1:
1. early preparation
Preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, a stirrer is started, the stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 1000r/min, then 10 portions of algal polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 15% are injected into the solution system at the speed of 10m/s, and the mixture of carboxymethyl chitosan solution is obtained after the constant stirring speed is carried out for 35 min.
Preparation of the additive: mixing 5 parts of vitamin, 2 parts of trace metal element and 1 part of somatotropin according to parts by weight to obtain the additive. Wherein the content of copper ions in the somatotropin is 75000mg/kg, the content of iron ions is 3000mg/kg, and the content of zinc ions is 5000 mg/kg.
The above-prepared substance was used in the following production method.
2. A preparation method of laying hen feed taking sillibania microphylla as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz into 1cm segments, soaking in 35 deg.C warm water for 12min, taking out, rapidly freezing at-20 deg.C for 24 hr, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz to 4cm, mixing with 3 parts by weight of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 23 ℃ for 20h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 20;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 15 parts of pretreated albizzia julibrissin, 45 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of bone meal, 2 parts of fish meal, 1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1 part of additive and 1.5 parts of probiotics, crushing to 40 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, and then putting the granules into a shot blasting machine to prepare ball pills, thus obtaining ball pill feed with the particle size of 1 cm; the process parameters for preparing the pellets are as follows: the rotating speed of the rotating centrifugal disc is 10r/min, and the circle throwing time is 30 min;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture as a coating solution, and coating for 100min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.45MPa, airtight pressure of 0.55MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain a feed crude product;
(4) microalgae sedimentation: and (2) settling the microalgae by adopting a flocculation method, treating the microalgae in the microalgae pool for 15min under the condition that the ultrasonic power is 1500w, then putting the feed coarse product into the microalgae pool for settling, adjusting the ultrasonic power to be 500w, taking out granules after settling for 2h, and drying the granules to constant weight to obtain the laying hen feed finished product.
Example 2:
preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, a stirrer is started, the stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 1400r/min, then 10 portions of seaweed polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 16 percent are injected into the solution system at the speed of 10m/s, and the mixture of the carboxymethyl chitosan solution is obtained after the stirring is carried out at the constant speed for 40 min.
Preparation of the additive: mixing 10 parts of vitamins, 3 parts of trace metal elements and 1 part of somatotropin according to parts by weight to obtain the additive. Wherein the content of copper ions in somatotropin is 77000mg/kg, the content of iron ions is 3200mg/kg, and the content of zinc ions is 5500 mg/kg.
The above-prepared substance was used in the following production method.
2. A preparation method of laying hen feed taking sillibania microphylla as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Leucaena microphylla into 1.3cm segments, soaking in 37 deg.C warm water for 13min, taking out, rapidly freezing at-20 deg.C for 26h, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Leucaena microphylla to 4.5cm, mixing with 4 parts of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 24 ℃ for 25h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 23;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 20 parts of pretreated albizzia julibrissin, 47 parts of corn flour, 11 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of bone meal, 2.5 parts of fish meal, 1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.4 parts of additive and 1.5 parts of probiotics, crushing to 50 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, and then putting the granules into a shot blasting machine to prepare ball pills, so as to obtain ball pill feed with the particle size of 1.2 cm; the process parameters for preparing the pellets are as follows: the rotating speed of the rotating centrifugal disc is 15r/min, and the circle throwing time is 35 min;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture as a coating solution, and coating for 110min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.55MPa, airtight pressure of 0.55MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain a feed crude product;
(4) microalgae sedimentation: and (3) settling the microalgae by adopting a flocculation method, treating the microalgae in the microalgae pool for 16min under the condition that the ultrasonic power is 1700w, then putting the feed crude product into the microalgae pool for settling, adjusting the ultrasonic power to 580w, taking out granules after settling for 2.5h, and drying the granules to constant weight to obtain the laying hen feed finished product.
Example 3:
preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, a stirrer is started, the stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 2000r/min, then 10 portions of algal polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 17% are injected into the solution system at the speed of 10m/s, and the mixture of the carboxymethyl chitosan solution is obtained after the constant-speed stirring is carried out for 50 min.
Preparation of the additive: mixing 10 parts of vitamins, 3 parts of trace metal elements and 1 part of somatotropin according to parts by weight to obtain the additive. Wherein, the content of copper ions in the somatotropin is 80000mg/kg, the content of iron ions is 3500mg/kg, and the content of zinc ions is 5400 mg/kg.
The above-prepared substance was used in the following production method.
2. A preparation method of laying hen feed taking sillibania microphylla as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Leucaena microphylla into 1.4cm segments, soaking in 41 deg.C warm water for 15min, taking out, rapidly freezing at-20 deg.C for 30h, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Leucaena microphylla to 5cm, mixing with 4 parts of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 27 ℃ for 31h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 26;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 19 parts of pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia, 47 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of bean pulp, 6 parts of bone meal, 2.2 parts of fish meal, 1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.6 parts of additive and 1.5 parts of probiotics, crushing to 60 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, and then putting into a shot blasting machine to prepare into ball pills, thus obtaining ball pill feed with the particle size of 1.6 cm; the process parameters for preparing the pellets are as follows: the rotating speed of the rotating centrifugal disc is 18r/min, and the circle throwing time is 36 min;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture as a coating solution, and coating for 120min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.6MPa, airtight pressure of 0.55MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain a feed crude product;
(4) microalgae sedimentation: and (3) settling the microalgae by adopting a flocculation method, treating the microalgae in the microalgae pool for 16min under the condition that the ultrasonic power is 1600w, then putting the feed coarse product into the microalgae pool for settling, adjusting the ultrasonic power to be 600w, taking out the granules after settling for 3h, and drying the granules to constant weight to obtain the laying hen feed finished product.
Example 4:
preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, a stirrer is started, the stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 2200r/min, then 10 portions of algal polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 18 percent are injected into the solution system at the speed of 10m/s, and the mixture of the carboxymethyl chitosan solution is obtained after the constant stirring for 52 min.
Preparation of the additive: mixing 7 parts of vitamins, 4 parts of trace metal elements and 1 part of somatotropin in parts by weight to obtain the additive. Wherein the content of copper ions in somatotropin is 79000mg/kg, the content of iron ions is 3300mg/kg, and the content of zinc ions is 5600 mg/kg.
The above-prepared substance was used in the following production method.
2. A preparation method of laying hen feed taking sillibania microphylla as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Leucaena microphylla into 1.7cm segments, soaking in 38 deg.C warm water for 16min, taking out, rapidly freezing at-20 deg.C for 30h, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Leucaena microphylla to 5.5cm, mixing with 6 parts of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 24 ℃ for 30h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 23;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 20 parts of pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia, 52 parts of corn flour, 13 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of bone meal, 2.7 parts of fish meal, 1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.2 parts of additive and 1.5 parts of probiotics, crushing to 60 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, and then putting into a shot blasting machine to prepare into ball pills, thus obtaining ball pill feed with the particle size of 1.4 cm; the process parameters for preparing the pellets are as follows: the rotating speed of the rotating centrifugal disc is 17r/min, and the circle throwing time is 35 min;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture as a coating solution, and coating for 140min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.65MPa, airtight pressure of 0.55MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain a feed crude product;
(4) microalgae sedimentation: and (3) settling the microalgae by adopting a flocculation method, treating the microalgae in the microalgae pool for 17min under the condition that the ultrasonic power is 1800w, then putting the feed coarse product into the microalgae pool for settling, adjusting the ultrasonic power to 650w, settling for 3.5h, taking out granules, and drying to constant weight to obtain the laying hen feed finished product.
Example 5:
preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, a stirrer is started to stir at the rotating speed of 2700r/min, then 10 portions of algal polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 17% are injected into the solution system at the speed of 10m/s, and the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture is obtained after stirring at a constant speed for 55 min.
Preparation of the additive: mixing 12 parts of vitamin, 4 parts of trace metal element and 1 part of somatotropin according to parts by weight to obtain the additive. Wherein, the content of copper ions in the somatotropin is 80000mg/kg, the content of iron ions is 3600mg/kg, and the content of zinc ions is 5400 mg/kg.
The above-prepared substance was used in the following production method.
2. A preparation method of laying hen feed taking sillibania microphylla as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Leucaena microphylla into 1.2cm segments, soaking in 43 deg.C warm water for 16min, taking out, quickly freezing at-20 deg.C for 33h, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Leucaena microphylla to 5.2cm, mixing with 6 parts of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 24 ℃ for 34h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 24;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 20 parts of pretreated leucomelain, 52 parts of corn flour, 11 parts of bean pulp, 6 parts of bone meal, 2.2 parts of fish meal, 1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.8 parts of additive and 1.5 parts of probiotics, crushing to 50 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, and then putting into a shot blasting machine to prepare into ball pills, thus obtaining ball pill feed with the particle size of 1.4 cm; the process parameters for preparing the pellets are as follows: the rotating speed of the rotating centrifugal disc is 14r/min, and the circle throwing time is 41 min;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture as a coating solution, and coating for 120min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.7MPa, airtight pressure of 0.55MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain a feed crude product;
(4) microalgae sedimentation: and (3) settling the microalgae by adopting a flocculation method, treating the microalgae in the microalgae pool for 19min under the condition that the ultrasonic power is 1700w, then putting the feed crude product into the microalgae pool for settling, adjusting the ultrasonic power to be 600w, taking out granules after settling for 2.5h, and drying the granules to constant weight to obtain the laying hen feed finished product.
Example 6:
preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, a stirrer is started, the stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 3000r/min, then 10 portions of algal polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 20 percent are injected into the solution system at the speed of 10m/s, and the mixture of the carboxymethyl chitosan solution is obtained after the constant stirring for 60 min.
Preparation of the additive: mixing 15 parts of vitamins, 6 parts of trace metal elements and 1 part of somatotropin according to parts by weight to obtain the additive. Wherein the content of copper ions in the somatotropin is 85000mg/kg, the content of iron ions is 4000mg/kg, and the content of zinc ions is 6000 mg/kg.
The above-prepared substance was used in the following production method.
2. A preparation method of laying hen feed taking sillibania microphylla as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem leaves of albizia julibrissin durazz into 2cm segments, soaking in 45 deg.C warm water for 20min, taking out, rapidly freezing at-20 deg.C for 36h, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of albizia julibrissin durata to 6cm, mixing with 7 parts by weight of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 30 ℃ for 35 hours, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 30, of a nitrogen-containing gas;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 22 parts of pretreated albizzia julibrissin, 55 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of bone meal, 3 parts of fish meal, 1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 2 parts of additives and 1.5 parts of probiotics, crushing to 60 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, and then putting the granules into a shot blasting machine to prepare ball pills, thus obtaining ball pill feed with the particle size of 2 cm; the process parameters for preparing the pellets are as follows: the rotating speed of the rotating centrifugal disc is 20r/min, and the circle throwing time is 45 min;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture as a coating solution, and coating for 150min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.75MPa, airtight pressure of 0.55MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain a feed crude product;
(4) microalgae sedimentation: and (2) settling the microalgae by adopting a flocculation method, treating the microalgae in the microalgae pool for 20min under the condition that the ultrasonic power is 2000w, then putting the feed coarse product into the microalgae pool for settling, adjusting the ultrasonic power to 700w, taking out the granules after settling for 4h, and drying the granules to constant weight to obtain the laying hen feed finished product.
Comparative example 1: the specific embodiments are substantially the same as the comparative examples, except that: the Leucoscepta was not pretreated;
comparative example 2: the specific embodiments are substantially the same as the comparative examples, except that: process for pretreatment of LeucosceptaWithout passing N2/C02The mixed gas of (3);
comparative example 3: the specific embodiments are substantially the same as the comparative examples, except that: in the coating treatment process, a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture is not adopted, but a chitosan solution is adopted;
comparative example 4: the specific embodiments are substantially the same as the comparative examples, except that: microalgae sedimentation treatment is not adopted.
Test 1: the method for preparing and pretreating the albizzia lobutrari by the comparative examples 1-2 and the examples 1-6 detects the content of neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber in the albizzia lobutrari according to GB/T20806-2006 and NY/T1459-2007, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1:
| content of neutral detergent fiber | Content of acid detergent fiber | |
| Comparative example 1 | 39.7％ | 34.2％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 24.1％ | 28.5％ |
| Example 1 | 20.6％ | 22.7％ |
| Example 2 | 20.9％ | 22.9％ |
| Example 3 | 21.0％ | 23.1％ |
| Example 4 | 20.7％ | 22.9％ |
| Example 5 | 21.2％ | 22.8％ |
| Example 6 | 21.1％ | 23.0％ |
As can be seen from Table 1: the content of the neutral detergent fiber in the comparative example 1 is the highest, and the content of the neutral detergent fiber in the example 4 is the lowest, which shows that the effect of remarkably reducing the content of the neutral detergent fiber can be achieved by the technical means of pretreatment;
the highest content of the acid-scoured fibers of comparative example 1 and the lowest content of the acid-scoured fibers of example 1 illustrate that significant reduction of the acid-scoured fiber content can be achieved by pretreatment techniques.
Comparative experiment 2:
laying hen feed using Leucaena leucocephala as a raw material was prepared according to the methods of comparative examples 1 to 4 and examples 1 to 6, and the content of dry matter, crude fat, calcium, phosphorus and crude protein in the laying hen feed and the layer manure sample was measured for 100 days, and the measurement standard was carried out according to the second edition of feed analysis and feed quality measurement technology, and the digestibility of nutrients was calculated, and the specific results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2:
as can be seen from Table 2: the higher the digestibility of the dry matter, the more easily the feed is absorbed by the laying hens, and the growth of the laying hens is promoted. The digestibility of the dry matters in the comparative example 1 is the lowest, and the digestibility of the dry matters in the example 3 is the highest, which shows that the effect of remarkably improving the digestibility of the laying hens on the dry matters can be achieved by pretreating the sillibania microphylla;
the higher the digestibility of the crude fat is, the more easily the feed is absorbed by the laying hens, and the growth of the laying hens is promoted. The crude fat of comparative example 1 has the lowest digestibility, and the crude fat of example 2 has the highest digestibility, which shows that the effect of remarkably improving the digestibility of the crude fat can be achieved by pretreating the albizzia julibrissin;
the higher the digestibility of the crude protein is, the more easily the feed is absorbed by the laying hens, and the growth of the laying hens is promoted. The crude protein of the comparative example 1 has the lowest digestibility, and the crude protein of the example 2 has the highest digestibility, which shows that the effect of remarkably improving the digestibility of the laying hens on the crude protein can be achieved by pretreating the albizzia microphylla;
the higher the phosphorus digestibility is, the more easily the feed is absorbed by the laying hens, and the growth of the laying hens is promoted. The phosphorus digestibility of the comparative example 1 is the lowest, and the phosphorus digestibility of the example 2 is the highest, which shows that the effect of remarkably improving the phosphorus digestibility of the laying hens can be achieved by pretreating the albizzia microphylla;
the higher the digestibility of calcium is, the more easily the feed is absorbed by the laying hens, and the growth of the laying hens is promoted. The calcium digestibility of the comparative example 1 is the lowest, and the calcium digestibility of the example 3 is the highest, which shows that the effect of remarkably improving the calcium digestibility of the laying hens can be achieved by pretreating the albizzia microphylla.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A layer feed taking Leucaena microphylla as a raw material is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
15-22 parts of pretreated sillibania microphylla, 45-55 parts of corn flour, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of bone meal, 2-3 parts of fish meal, 1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1-2 parts of additive and 1.5 parts of probiotics;
the preparation method of the laying hen feed comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: according to parts by weight, 100 parts of tender stems and leaves of albizia julibrissin durazzini are cut into small segments of 1-2 cm, the small segments are placed into warm water at 35-45 ℃ to be soaked for 12-20 min, the small segments are taken out and then are rapidly placed into an environment at-20 ℃ to be frozen for 24-36 h, the small segments are placed into a fermentation container after being thawed, the stacking thickness of the small segments of albizia julibrissin durazzini is controlled to be 4-6 cm, 3-7 parts of extracellular enzyme are mixed, N is introduced into the fermentation container, and2/C02fermenting the mixed gas at 23-30 ℃ for 20-35 h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated albizia julibrissin;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring all the raw materials except the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture according to the formula, crushing to 40-60 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, and then putting the granules into a shot blasting machine to prepare into balls to obtain ball feed;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture as a coating solution, and coating for 100-150 min under the conditions that the air source pressure is 0.45-0.75 MPa, the airtight pressure is 0.55MPa, the air inlet temperature is 45 ℃ and the air outlet temperature is 35 ℃ to obtain a feed crude product;
the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture is prepared by the following method: putting 25 parts by weight of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 parts by weight of deionized water into a reactor, heating to 45 ℃, starting a stirrer, stirring at a rotating speed of 1000-3000 r/min, then injecting 10 parts by weight of algal polysaccharide solution with a mass fraction of 15-20% into the solution system at a speed of 10m/s, and stirring at a constant speed for 35-60 min to obtain a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture;
(4) microalgae sedimentation: and (3) settling the microalgae by adopting a flocculation method, treating the microalgae in the microalgae pool for 15-20 min under the condition that the ultrasonic power is 1500-2000 w, then putting the coarse feed product into the microalgae pool for settling, adjusting the ultrasonic power to be 500-700 w, settling for 2-4 h, taking out the granules, and drying to constant weight to obtain the finished laying hen feed product.
2. The layer feed using Leucaena microphylla as raw material according to claim 1, wherein the feed comprises: the additive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight of 5-15: 2-6: 1 vitamins, trace metal elements and somatotropin.
3. The layer feed using Leucaena microphylla as raw material according to claim 1, wherein the feed comprises: n in the step (1)2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 20 to 30.
4. The layer feed using Leucaena microphylla as raw material according to claim 1, wherein the feed comprises: the process parameters for preparing the pellets in the step (2) are as follows: the rotating speed of the rotating centrifugal disc is 10-20 r/min, and the circle throwing time is 30-45 min.
5. The layer feed using Leucaena microphylla as raw material according to claim 1, wherein the feed comprises: the pellet feed in the step (2) has a particle size of 1-2 cm.
6. The layer feed using Leucaena microphylla as raw material according to claim 2, wherein the feed comprises: the content of copper ions in the somatotropin is 75000-85000 mg/kg, the content of iron ions is 3000-4000 mg/kg, and the content of zinc ions is 5000-6000 mg/kg.
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