CN108094742B - Rabbit feed taking albizzia julibrissin as raw material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Rabbit feed taking albizzia julibrissin as raw material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN108094742B
CN108094742B CN201810087463.4A CN201810087463A CN108094742B CN 108094742 B CN108094742 B CN 108094742B CN 201810087463 A CN201810087463 A CN 201810087463A CN 108094742 B CN108094742 B CN 108094742B
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albizzia
julibrissin
carboxymethyl chitosan
rabbit feed
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姚娜
曹树威
赖志强
梁永良
史静
李创举
徐海雄
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Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute of Animal Husbandry
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Abstract

The invention discloses a rabbit feed taking albizia julibrissin as a raw material, which comprises the following raw materials: pretreated albizzia julibrissin durazzini, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal, bone meal, inorganic salt, vitamins, an amino acid additive, a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture and probiotics; the preparation method of the rabbit feed comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting tender stem and leaf of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz into small segments, soaking in warm water, freezing at-20 deg.C, placing into a fermentation container, controlling stack thickness of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz, mixing with extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 23-30 ℃ for 20-35 h, drying and dehydrating to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; (2) crushing and granulating; (3) and (5) coating. The invention can improve the palatability of leguminous forage and provides the rabbit feed which effectively reduces the feeding cost, has comprehensive nutritive value, is easy to absorb and improves the disease resistance.

Description

Rabbit feed taking albizzia julibrissin as raw material and preparation method thereof
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the field of rabbit feed, and particularly relates to rabbit feed taking albizia julibrissin durazz as a raw material and a preparation method thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
At present, agricultural and sideline crop straws such as peanut straws, soybean straws, wheat straws and the like are mainly used for developing and applying rabbit feed in China, in order to meet the daily nutritional requirements of breeding rabbits and commercial rabbits, a large amount of corn, soybean meal and the like are required to be added into the feed to improve the content of protein in the feed, the feed cost is high, the feed is extremely grain-consuming, and the concept of the change from the traditional grain-consuming type animal husbandry to the modern grain-saving type animal husbandry proposed at the present stage of China is contrary to the concept of the change from the traditional grain-consuming type animal hus. Unreasonable feed component composition not only seriously affects the feed conversion rate, but also affects the breeding efficiency of breeding rabbits, and affects the slaughtering rate, slaughtering time, meat quality and the like of commercial rabbits.
The albizia julibrissin durazzini is leguminous shrubs, the plant height is 1.5-3 m, even feather-shaped compound leaves are provided, the leaf quality is soft, the palatability is good, the nutrition is rich, the dry matter in the tender stem leaves contains 25% of crude protein, and the calcium and phosphorus content is high. The albizia julibrissin dura willd prefers high temperature, is cold-resistant, drought-resistant, barren-resistant, acid-resistant, high in stress resistance, wide in adaptability, rapid in growth, luxuriant in branches and leaves, and can be mown for 3-4 times every year, and the annual production of fresh grass is more than 3000 kg/mu, is introduced from the United states in 1987, is usually used as leguminous pasture of herbivorous animals such as cattle, sheep and rabbits and the like to be cultivated and fed fresh. The leguminous forage namely the albizzia julibrissin durazzini is used as a main protein source of rabbits, and has the effects of reducing the breeding cost, improving the production efficiency and the like. Although albizzia julibrissin durazzini has many years of growth, the growth rate is reduced and the quality is reduced after 10 months of autumn. And with the increase of labor cost, the labor investment of breeding enterprises is increased by feeding fresh grass. At present, the research results and invention patents of rabbit feed taking the albizzia julibrissin as the raw material do not exist at home and abroad.
The sillibania microphylla does not contain mimosine toxin compared with the common sillibania microphylla, the process steps of detoxification can be reduced in the processing process, the production cost is saved, but the neutral detergent fiber and the acidic detergent fiber of the sillibania microphylla have higher contents which respectively reach 39.70% and 34.20%, and after the conventional fermentation treatment, the sillibania microphylla still cannot be completely digested by the meat rabbits, so that the meat rabbits have a negative effect on the feed intake of dry substances, the feed intake of the meat rabbits and the absorption of other nutrient substances are influenced, and the resistance of the meat rabbits to diseases is further reduced. Therefore, the research on the feed capable of reducing the content of neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber, promoting the meat rabbits to comprehensively absorb the nutrient components of the feed and improving the immunity of the meat rabbits has wide market popularization value.
[ summary of the invention ]
Aiming at the difficulties in the prior art, the invention aims to provide rabbit feed taking albizia julibrissin as a raw material and a preparation method thereof. The rabbit feed provided by the invention comprises the following raw materials: pretreated albizzia julibrissin durazzini, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal, bone meal, inorganic salt, vitamins, an amino acid additive, a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture and probiotics. The method comprises the steps of pretreating the albizzia julibrissin to degrade lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in the albizzia julibrissin, so that the content of neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber in the albizzia julibrissin is reduced; then making the raw materials into pills; finally, by the technical means of coating treatment, a disease-resistant protective film is formed on the surface of the pellet feed, so that the disease resistance of the meat rabbits is improved. The invention can improve the palatability of leguminous forage and provides the rabbit feed which effectively reduces the feeding cost, has comprehensive nutritive value, good palatability, easy absorption and convenient use and improves the disease resistance.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a rabbit feed taking albizzia julibrissin as a raw material is characterized in that: the method comprises the following raw materials:
40-50 parts of pretreated Leucaena microphylla, 15-25 parts of corn flour, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 10-12 parts of soybean meal, 1.5 parts of bone meal, 0.5-1 part of inorganic salt, 1-2 parts of vitamin and amino acid additive, 4 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture and 1 part of probiotics;
the preparation method of the rabbit feed comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: according to the parts by weight, 100 parts of the small leaf silktree albizziaCutting tender stems and leaves into small segments of 1-2 cm, soaking in warm water at 35-45 ℃ for 12-20 min, taking out, quickly freezing in an environment at-20 ℃ for 24-36 h, thawing, putting into a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of the albizia julibrissin durazzini to be 4-6 cm, mixing with 3-7 parts of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 23-30 ℃ for 20-35 h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated albizia julibrissin;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring all the raw materials except the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture according to a formula, crushing to 40-60 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, and then putting the granules into a shot blasting machine to prepare into balls to obtain ball feed;
(3) coating treatment: putting the pellet feed into a fluidized bed, taking a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture as a coating solution, and coating for 120-180 min under the conditions that the air source pressure is 0.45-0.75 MPa, the airtight pressure is 0.55MPa, the air inlet temperature is 45 ℃ and the air outlet temperature is 35 ℃ to obtain a finished rabbit feed product.
In the present invention, as a further illustration, the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture described in step (3) is prepared by the following method: according to the weight parts, 25 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 parts of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, a stirrer is started, stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 1000-3000 r/min, then 10 parts of algal polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 15-20% are injected into the solution system at the speed of 10m/s, and stirring is carried out at a constant speed for 35-60 min, so as to obtain a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture.
In the invention, as a further illustration, the viscosity of the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture is 300-500 mpa.s.
In the present invention, as a further explanation, N in the step (1)2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 20 to 30.
In the present invention, as a further explanation, the process parameters of the pellet preparation in step (2) are as follows: the rotating speed of the rotating centrifugal disc is 10-20 r/min, and the circle throwing time is 30-45 min.
In the invention, as a further explanation, the particle size of the pellet feed in the step (2) is 1-2 cm.
The specific effects of part of raw materials are as follows:
corn flour, wheat bran, used in the present invention to provide carbohydrates to meat rabbits.
Soybean meal, which is used in the present invention to provide protein, crude fat to meat rabbits.
The bone meal, inorganic salt, vitamins and amino acid additive are used for increasing the content of calcium, phosphorus and trace elements in the feed.
The probiotics are used for improving the growth of beneficial flora, are helpful for exhausting and prevent digestive system diseases such as tympanites, diarrhea and the like.
Extracellular enzymes, used in the present invention to degrade lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose.
N2The gas, used in the present invention to create a nitrogen environment for fermentation, promotes fermentation of the material.
C02The gas is used for creating an acidic gas environment and promoting the fermentation of the materials.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for pretreating the albizzia julibrissin by the acid washing process can degrade lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in the albizzia julibrissin, so that the content of neutral washing fiber and acidic washing fiber in the albizzia julibrissin is reduced. The invention firstly expands the volume of water molecules in the structure of the albizzia julibrissin by freezing treatment, and struts the internal organization structure of the albizzia julibrissin from the inside, so that the structure of the albizzia julibrissin becomes loose, which is beneficial to the subsequent degradation process; then, the stacking thickness of the albizzia julibrissin durazzini is controlled to be 4-6 cm, so that the extracellular enzyme can be always in a low-pressure state in the process of degrading lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, and the degradation process is facilitated; finally, filling with N2/C02In the mixed gas environment of (2), with C02Gas being the main gas, N2The gas is auxiliary gas, and passes through high C02Gas (es)Promoting fermentation of microorganisms with low N2The gas can provide a nitrogen source for the microorganisms, and further promote the fermentation of the microorganisms.
2. The carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture adopted by the invention can combine the advantages of chitosan and algal polysaccharide, provide biomass for meat rabbits, and improve the disease resistance of the meat rabbits. According to the invention, firstly, the carboxymethyl chitosan solution is stirred at a high speed, so that the collision probability among high-speed materials is improved; then spraying the algal polysaccharide into a reaction system by a spraying technical means to form a graft of carboxymethyl chitosan and algal polysaccharide. The carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture prepared by the invention can simultaneously have the biomass of carboxymethyl chitosan and algal polysaccharide, and simultaneously, the carboxymethyl chitosan and the algal polysaccharide can interact with each other to jointly improve the disease resistance of the meat rabbits.
3. The invention solves the problem of the supply of protein feed for rabbits in autumn and winter, so the Leucaena microphylla which is abundant in spring and summer is processed into complete pellet feed for feeding all the year round. The processed complete granulated feed of the Leucaena microphylla not only preserves the nutritive value of fresh grass, but also forms a specially colored grass product for commercial circulation through a nutritional formula, reduces the feeding labor input of part of breeding enterprises, reduces the breeding and labor cost, and is simple and efficient.
4. The invention makes full use of beneficial components of leguminous shrub feed albizia julibrissin durazzini, such as plant protein, active substances and the like, replaces cheap agricultural and sideline product straw powder and a part of grain feed, effectively reduces the cost of the breeding feed and increases the nutritional value of the feed. The invention effectively reduces the breeding cost, reduces the use of antibiotics and achieves the final aim of pollution-free ecological breeding of rabbits.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
Example 1:
1. early preparation
Preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, a stirrer is started, the stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 1000r/min, then 10 portions of algal polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 15% are injected into the solution system at the speed of 10m/s, and the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture with the viscosity of 300mpa.s is obtained after the constant stirring is carried out for 35 min.
The substance prepared above was used in the following preparation method.
2. A preparation method of rabbit feed taking albizia julibrissin as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Leucaena microphylla into 1cm segments, soaking in 35 deg.C warm water for 12min, taking out, quickly freezing at-20 deg.C for 24 hr, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Leucaena microphylla to 4cm, mixing with 3 parts by weight of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 23 ℃ for 20h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 20;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 40 parts of pretreated Leucaena leucocephala, 15 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of bean pulp, 1.5 parts of bone meal, 0.5 part of inorganic salt, 1 part of vitamin and amino acid additive and 1 part of probiotics, crushing to 40 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, putting the granules into a shot blasting machine, and preparing into pellets by the technological parameters of the rotating speed of a rotating centrifugal disc of 10r/min and the throwing time of 30min to obtain pellet feed with the particle size of 1 cm;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking the mixture of carboxymethyl chitosan solution as coating solution, and coating for 120min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.45MPa, airtight pressure of 0.55MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain the finished product of rabbit feed.
Example 2:
1. early preparation
Preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, a stirrer is started, stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 1600r/min, then 10 portions of seaweed polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 16 percent are injected into the solution system at the speed of 10m/s, and the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture with the viscosity of 380mpa.s is obtained after stirring for 40min at a constant speed.
The substance prepared above was used in the following preparation method.
2. A preparation method of rabbit feed taking albizia julibrissin as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz into 1.5cm segments, soaking in 37 deg.C warm water for 13min, taking out, rapidly freezing at-20 deg.C for 26 hr, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz to 4.5cm, mixing with 4 parts of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 24 ℃ for 25h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 23;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 44 parts of pretreated albizzia julibrissin, 22 parts of corn flour, 11 parts of wheat bran, 10.5 parts of soybean meal, 1.5 parts of bone meal, 0.6 part of inorganic salt, 1.7 parts of vitamins and amino acid additives and 1 part of probiotics, crushing to 50 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, putting the granules into a shot blasting machine, and preparing into balls with the technological parameters of the rotating speed of a rotating centrifugal disc of 14r/min and the throwing time of 35min to obtain ball feed with the grain size of 1.3 cm;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking the mixture of carboxymethyl chitosan solution as coating solution, and coating for 150min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.55MPa, airtight pressure of 0.55MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain the finished product of rabbit feed.
Example 3:
1. early preparation
Preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, a stirrer is started, the stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 2000r/min, then 10 portions of algal polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 18 percent are injected into the solution system at the speed of 10m/s, and the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture with the viscosity of 450mpa.s is obtained after the constant stirring for 50 min.
The substance prepared above was used in the following preparation method.
2. A preparation method of rabbit feed taking albizia julibrissin as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz into 1.2cm segments, soaking in 38 deg.C warm water for 16min, taking out, rapidly freezing at-20 deg.C for 30h, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz to 4.5cm, mixing with 5 parts by weight of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 27 ℃ for 29h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 22;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 44 parts of pretreated albizzia julibrissin, 22 parts of corn flour, 14 parts of wheat bran, 11 parts of soybean meal, 1.5 parts of bone meal, 0.7 part of inorganic salt, 1.6 parts of vitamin and amino acid additive and 1 part of probiotics, crushing to 60 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, putting the granules into a shot blasting machine, and preparing into pellets by the technological parameters of rotating speed of a rotary centrifugal disc of 16r/min and throwing time of 35min to obtain pellet feed with the particle size of 1.7 cm;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking the mixture of carboxymethyl chitosan solution as coating solution, and coating for 130min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.65MPa, airtight pressure of 0.55MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain the finished product of rabbit feed.
Example 4:
1. early preparation
Preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, a stirrer is started, the stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 2700r/min, then 10 portions of algal polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 18 percent are injected into the solution system at the speed of 10m/s, and the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture with the viscosity of 450mpa.s is obtained after the constant stirring for 50 min.
The substance prepared above was used in the following preparation method.
2. A preparation method of rabbit feed taking albizia julibrissin as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Leucaena microphylla into 1.7cm segments, soaking in 40 deg.C warm water for 13min, taking out, quickly freezing at-20 deg.C for 30h, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Leucaena microphylla to 5cm, mixing with 6 parts of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 25 ℃ for 33h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 23;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 43 parts of pretreated Leucaena leucocephala, 20 parts of corn flour, 11 parts of wheat bran, 11 parts of bean pulp, 1.5 parts of bone meal, 0.6 part of inorganic salt, 1.7 parts of vitamins and amino acid additives and 1 part of probiotics, crushing to 60 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, putting the granules into a shot blasting machine, and preparing into pellets by the technological parameters of the rotating speed of a rotating centrifugal disc of 16r/min and the throwing time of 39min to obtain pellet feed with the particle size of 1.3 cm;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking the mixture of carboxymethyl chitosan solution as coating solution, and coating for 170min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.55MPa, airtight pressure of 0.55MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain the finished product of rabbit feed.
Example 5:
1. early preparation
Preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, a stirrer is started, stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 1600r/min, then 10 portions of algal polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 18% are injected into the solution system at the speed of 10m/s, and after stirring is carried out at a constant speed for 49min, the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture with the viscosity of 450mpa.s is obtained.
The substance prepared above was used in the following preparation method.
2. A preparation method of rabbit feed taking albizia julibrissin as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz into 1.7cm segments, soaking in 38 deg.C warm water for 17min, taking out, rapidly freezing at-20 deg.C for 31h, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz to 5.5cm, mixing with 6 parts by weight of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 29 ℃ for 32h, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 26;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 46 parts of pretreated Leucaena leucocephala, 21 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of wheat bran, 11 parts of soybean meal, 1.5 parts of bone meal, 0.6 part of inorganic salt, 1.7 parts of vitamins and amino acid additives and 1 part of probiotics, crushing to 60 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, putting the granules into a shot blasting machine, and preparing into balls with the technological parameters of the rotating speed of a rotating centrifugal disc of 14r/min and the throwing time of 37min to obtain ball feed with the grain diameter of 1.6 cm;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking the mixture of carboxymethyl chitosan solution as coating solution, and coating for 150min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.55MPa, airtight pressure of 0.55MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain the finished product of rabbit feed.
Example 6:
1. early preparation
Preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 portions of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, a stirrer is started, the stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 3000r/min, then 10 portions of seaweed polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 20 percent are injected into the solution system at the speed of 10m/s, and the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture with the viscosity of 500mpa.s is obtained after the constant stirring for 60 min.
The substance prepared above was used in the following preparation method.
2. A preparation method of rabbit feed taking albizia julibrissin as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: cutting 100 parts by weight of tender stem and leaf of Leucaena microphylla into 2cm segments, soaking in 45 deg.C warm water for 20min, taking out, quickly freezing at-20 deg.C for 36h, thawing, placing in a fermentation container, controlling the stacking thickness of Leucaena microphylla to 6cm, mixing with 7 parts by weight of extracellular enzyme, introducing N2/C02Fermenting the mixed gas at 30 ℃ for 35 hours, and then drying and dehydrating at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia; said N2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 30, of a nitrogen-containing gas;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring 50 parts of pretreated Leucaena leucocephala, 25 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of bean pulp, 1.5 parts of bone meal, 1 part of inorganic salt, 2 parts of vitamin and amino acid additive and 1 part of probiotics, crushing to 60 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, putting the granules into a shot blasting machine, and preparing into pellets by the technological parameters of the rotating speed of a rotating centrifugal disc being 20r/min and the throwing time being 45min to obtain pellet feed with the particle size of 2 cm;
(3) coating treatment: placing the pellet feed in a fluidized bed, taking the mixture of carboxymethyl chitosan solution as coating solution, and coating for 180min under the conditions of air source pressure of 0.75MPa, airtight pressure of 0.55MPa, air inlet temperature of 45 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain the finished product of rabbit feed.
Comparative example 1: the specific embodiments are substantially the same as the comparative examples, except that: the Leucoscepta was not pretreated;
comparative example 2: the specific embodiments are substantially the same as the comparative examples, except that: no N is introduced during the pretreatment of the Leucoscepta2/C02The mixed gas of (3);
comparative example 3: the specific embodiments are substantially the same as the comparative examples, except that: the coating process does not use carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture, but uses chitosan solution.
Test 1: the method for preparing and pretreating the albizzia lobutrari by the comparative examples 1-2 and the examples 1-6 detects the content of neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber in the albizzia lobutrari according to GB/T20806-2006 and NY/T1459-2007, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1:
content of neutral detergent fiber Content of acid detergent fiber
Comparative example 1 39.7％ 34.2％
Comparative example 2 24.1％ 28.5％
Example 1 21.0％ 22.8％
Example 2 21.1％ 23.0％
Example 3 21.0％ 23.3％
Example 4 20.9％ 22.7％
Example 5 20.8％ 23.2％
Example 6 21.0％ 23.2％
As can be seen from Table 1: the content of the neutral detergent fiber in the comparative example 1 is the highest, and the content of the neutral detergent fiber in the example 5 is the lowest, which shows that the effect of remarkably reducing the content of the neutral detergent fiber can be achieved by the technical means of pretreatment;
the highest content of acid-scoured fibers of comparative example 1 and the lowest content of acid-scoured fibers of example 4 illustrate that significant reduction of acid-scoured fiber content can be achieved by pretreatment techniques.
Comparative experiment 2:
rabbit feed using albizzia julibrissin as a raw material was prepared according to the methods of comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 6, and the rabbit feed was fed to meat rabbits for 120 days, and the content of dry matter, crude fat, calcium, phosphorus and crude protein in the rabbit feed and meat rabbit manure samples was measured according to the standard of measurement performed according to the second edition of "feed analysis and feed quality measurement technology", and the digestibility of nutrients was calculated, and the specific results are shown in table 2.
Table 2:
Figure BDA0001562783190000101
as can be seen from Table 2: the higher the digestibility of the dry matter, the more easily the feed is absorbed by the meat rabbits, and the growth of the meat rabbits is promoted. The digestibility of the dry matter in the comparative example 1 is the lowest, and the digestibility of the dry matter in the example 4 is the highest, which shows that the effect of remarkably improving the digestibility of the dry matter by the meat rabbits can be achieved by pretreating the albizzia julibrissin durazzini;
the higher the digestibility of the crude fat, the more easily the feed is absorbed by the meat rabbits, and the growth of the meat rabbits is promoted. The crude fat of comparative example 1 has the lowest digestibility, and the crude fat of example 5 has the highest digestibility, which shows that the effect of remarkably improving the digestibility of the crude fat can be achieved by pretreating the albizzia julibrissin;
the higher the digestibility of the crude protein, the more easily the feed is absorbed by the meat rabbits, and the growth of the meat rabbits is promoted. The digestibility of the crude protein in the comparative example 1 is the lowest, and the digestibility of the crude protein in the example 3 is the highest, which shows that the effect of remarkably improving the digestibility of the meat rabbit on the crude protein can be achieved by pretreating the albizzia julibrissin durazzini;
the higher the digestibility of phosphorus, the more easily the feed is absorbed by meat rabbits, and the growth of the meat rabbits is promoted. The phosphorus digestibility of the comparative example 1 is the lowest, and the phosphorus digestibility of the example 4 is the highest, so that the effect of remarkably improving the phosphorus digestibility of the meat rabbits can be achieved by pretreating the albizzia julibrissin durazzini;
the higher the digestibility of calcium, the more easily the feed is absorbed by meat rabbits, and the growth of the meat rabbits is promoted. The calcium digestibility of comparative example 1 is the lowest, and the calcium digestibility of example 2 is the highest, which shows that the effect of remarkably improving the calcium digestibility of meat rabbits can be achieved by pretreating the albizzia julibrissin durazzini.
Comparative experiment 3:
rabbit feed using albizia julibrissin as a raw material was prepared according to the methods of comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 6, and the incidence rates of oral diseases, respiratory diseases and digestive diseases of the meat rabbits during the breeding process were calculated for 120 days, and the specific results are shown in table 3.
Table 3:
incidence of oral diseases Incidence of respiratory diseases Incidence of digestive organ diseases
Comparative example 1 6.56％ 1.26％ 2.33％
Comparative example 2 5.21％ 1.05％ 2.15％
Comparative example 3 9.26％ 4.69％ 5.16％
Example 1 3.98％ 0.45％ 0.98％
Example 2 3.88％ 0.50％ 1.02％
Example 3 3.91％ 0.48％ 0.97％
Example 4 3.92％ 0.49％ 1.04％
Example 5 3.85％ 0.51％ 1.03％
Example 6 3.93％ 0.48％ 0.99％
As can be seen from Table 3: the lower the incidence rate of oral diseases, the more easily the feed improves the resistance of meat rabbits to oral diseases. The incidence of the oral diseases of comparative example 3 is the highest, and the incidence of the oral diseases of example 5 is the lowest, which shows that the effect of remarkably improving the resistance of the meat rabbits to the oral diseases can be achieved through the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture;
the lower the incidence rate of respiratory diseases, the easier the feed can improve the resistance of meat rabbits to the respiratory diseases. The incidence rate of the respiratory organ diseases of the comparative example 3 is the highest, and the incidence rate of the respiratory organ diseases of the example 1 is the lowest, which shows that the effect of remarkably improving the resistance of the meat rabbits to the respiratory organ diseases can be achieved through the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture;
the lower the incidence rate of digestive organ diseases, the more easily the feed improves the resistance of meat rabbits to the digestive organ diseases. The incidence of the digestive organ diseases of comparative example 3 was the highest, and the incidence of the digestive organ diseases of example 3 was the lowest, indicating that the effect of significantly improving the resistance of the meat rabbits to the digestive organ diseases could be achieved by the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A rabbit feed taking albizzia julibrissin as a raw material is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40-50 parts of pretreated Leucaena microphylla, 15-25 parts of corn flour, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 10-12 parts of soybean meal, 1.5 parts of bone meal, 0.5-1 part of inorganic salt, 1-2 parts of vitamin and amino acid additive, 4 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture and 1 part of probiotics;
the preparation method of the rabbit feed comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the albizzia julibrissin: according to parts by weight, 100 parts of tender stems and leaves of albizia julibrissin durazzini are cut into small segments of 1-2 cm, the small segments are placed into warm water at 35-45 ℃ to be soaked for 12-20 min, the small segments are taken out and rapidly placed into an environment at-20 ℃ to be frozen for 24-36 h, the small segments are placed into a fermentation container after being thawed, the stacking thickness of the small segments of albizia julibrissin durazzini is controlled to be 4-6 cm, 3-7 parts of extracellular enzyme are mixed, N is introduced, and the mixture is stirred2/C0223 to 30 of the mixed gasFermenting for 20-35 h at the temperature of 105 ℃, and then drying and dehydrating to constant weight at the temperature of 105 ℃ to obtain pretreated small leaf silktree albizzia;
(2) crushing and granulating: uniformly stirring all the raw materials except the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture according to a formula, crushing to 40-60 meshes, granulating, spraying and humidifying to moisten the granules, and then putting the granules into a shot blasting machine to prepare into balls to obtain ball feed;
(3) coating treatment: putting the pellet feed into a fluidized bed, taking a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture as a coating solution, and coating for 120-180 min under the conditions that the air source pressure is 0.45-0.75 MPa, the airtight pressure is 0.55MPa, the air inlet temperature is 45 ℃ and the air outlet temperature is 35 ℃ to obtain a finished rabbit feed product.
2. The rabbit feed taking albizzia julibrissin as a raw material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture in the step (3) is prepared by the following method: according to the weight parts, 25 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 parts of deionized water are placed into a reactor, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, a stirrer is started, stirring is carried out at the rotating speed of 1000-3000 r/min, then 10 parts of algal polysaccharide solution with the mass fraction of 15-20% are injected into the solution system at the speed of 10m/s, and stirring is carried out at a constant speed for 35-60 min, so as to obtain a carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture.
3. The rabbit feed taking albizzia julibrissin as a raw material according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the viscosity of the carboxymethyl chitosan solution mixture is 300-500 mpa.s.
4. The rabbit feed taking albizzia julibrissin as a raw material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: n in the step (1)2/C02N in the mixed gas2And C02Is 1: 20 to 30.
5. The rabbit feed taking albizzia julibrissin as a raw material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the process parameters for preparing the pellets in the step (2) are as follows: the rotating speed of the rotating centrifugal disc is 10-20 r/min, and the circle throwing time is 30-45 min.
6. The rabbit feed taking albizzia julibrissin as a raw material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the pellet feed in the step (2) has a particle size of 1-2 cm.
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