CN108337916A - 阻隔膜、真空绝缘板以及采用阻隔膜、真空绝缘板的湿气阻隔袋 - Google Patents
阻隔膜、真空绝缘板以及采用阻隔膜、真空绝缘板的湿气阻隔袋 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108337916A CN108337916A CN201680034803.6A CN201680034803A CN108337916A CN 108337916 A CN108337916 A CN 108337916A CN 201680034803 A CN201680034803 A CN 201680034803A CN 108337916 A CN108337916 A CN 108337916A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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Abstract
本发明提供一种具有基材、低热传导率有机层和无机叠层的阻隔膜。无机叠层将包括低热传导率非金属无机材料层和高热传导率金属材料层。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及阻隔膜。本公开还提供包括真空绝缘板或采用这些阻隔膜的静电屏蔽湿气阻隔袋的制品。
背景技术
无机层或混合无机/有机层已在用于电气、封装和装饰性应用的薄膜中使用。例如,无机层或混合有机/无机层的多层叠层可被用来使阻隔膜耐湿气渗透。还已经开发出多层阻隔膜以保护敏感材料免遭由于水蒸气引起的损坏。水敏感材料可以是电子部件诸如有机、无机、和混合有机/无机半导体器件。
真空绝缘板是(VIP)由空气已被排空的围绕芯的几乎是气密的包层组成的绝热的一种形式。VIP可由阻隔膜形成。VIP在例如器具和建筑构造中使用以提供比常规绝缘材料更好的绝缘性能。因为空气渗漏到包层中最终将使VIP的绝缘值降低,所以已知的设计使用用与可热密封的材料层合的箔作为包层以提供气体阻隔。然而,箔降低总体VIP绝热性能。存在对较好阻隔膜或由这些阻隔膜形成的包层膜的需要。
湿气阻隔袋对于封装电子部件是可用的。湿气阻隔袋可由阻隔膜形成并且用作对湿蒸气和氧气的阻隔以防止电子部件在被保存时发生降解。虽然现有技术的技术可以是可用的,但是对于封装电子部件可用的湿气阻隔袋的其它构造是期望的。
发明内容
本公开提供具有特殊的实用性的阻隔膜,例如用作真空绝缘板和静电屏蔽湿气阻隔袋的包层。它整合耐湿气渗透和耐刺穿性、电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽、静电屏蔽以及半透明。
因此,在一个方面,本公开提供阻隔膜,该阻隔膜包括:具有两个相背的主表面的基材;与基材的相背的主表面中的一个直接接触的第一层,其中第一层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层或;以及与第一层直接接触的第二层,其中第二层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层,并且其中第二层与第一层中所选择的不相同;其中无机叠层包括低热传导率非金属无机材料层和在高电传导率金属材料层,所述高电传导率金属材料层在该高电传导率金属材料层的平面内具有高热阻;其中阻隔膜是半透明的。
在另一方面,本公开提供包括真空绝缘板包层的制品,该真空绝缘板包层包括:具有两个相背的主表面的基材;与基材的相背的主表面中的一个直接接触的第一层,其中第一层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层或;以及与第一层直接接触的第二层,其中第二层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层,并且其中第二层与第一层中所选择的不相同;其中无机叠层包括低热传导率非金属无机材料层和高电传导率金属材料层,所述高电传导率金属材料层在该高电传导率金属材料层的平面内具有高热阻。
在另一方面,本公开提供包括湿气阻隔袋的制品,该湿气阻隔袋包括:具有两个相背的主表面的基材;与基材的相背的主表面中的一个直接接触的第一层,其中第一层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层或;以及与第一层直接接触的第二层,其中第二层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层,并且其中第二层与第一层中所选择的不相同;其中无机叠层包括低热传导率非金属无机材料层和高电传导率金属材料层,所述高电传导率金属材料层在该高电传导率金属材料层的平面内具有高热阻;其中阻隔膜是半透明的。
已汇总了本公开的示例性实施方案的各个方面和优势。以上发明内容并不旨在描述本公开的每个例示的实施方案或每种实施方式。另外的特征和优点在如下实施方案中公开。下面的附图和详细描述更具体地举例说明使用本文所公开原理的某些实施方案。
定义
对于以下给出定义的术语,除非基于以下定义中使用的术语的修改形式的具体引用,在权利要求中或在说明书中的其它地方提供了不同的定义,否则整个说明书、包括权利要求都应该以这些定义为准:
关于数值或形状的术语“约”或“大约”意为数值、特性或特征的+/-5%,但是也明确包括在数值或特性或特征的+/-5%内的任何窄范围以及精确值。例如,“约”100℃的温度是指从95℃到105℃的温度(包括端值),但是也明确包括任何更窄的温度范围或甚至在该范围内的单个温度,包括例如精确为100℃的温度。
术语“一个”、“一种”和“该/所述”包括多个指代物,除非上下文明确指出不是这样。因此,例如,提及包含“一种化合物”的材料包括两种或更多种化合物的混合物。
术语“层”是指在基材上的或覆盖基材的任何材料或材料的组合。
术语“叠层”是指特定层被置于至少一个其它层之上但是两个层的直接接触不是必要的并且两个层之间可存在居间层的布置。
用于描述各层位置的取向词语诸如“上方”、“在…上”、“覆盖”、“最上方”、“覆盖”、“之下”等,是指相对于水平设置的、面向上的基材的层的相对位置。非预期的是,在制造期间或在制造之后,基材、层或涵盖该基材和层的制品应该具有任何特定的空间取向。
描述一层相对于另一层和基材的层或两个其它层的位置的术语“由…隔开”意为所述层在其它层和/或基材之间,但不一定与其它层和/或基材接续。
术语“(共)聚合物”或“(共)聚合物的”包括均聚物和共聚物,以及可例如通过共挤出法或通过反应(包括例如,酯交换反应)以混溶共混物形式形成的均聚物或共聚物。术语“共聚物”包括无规共聚物、嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物和星形共聚物。
术语“半透明的”是指具有20%至80%平均可见光透射率,其通过透射反射密度计被测量为从400nm至700nm透射的光百分比的平均值。
附图说明
结合附图来考虑本公开的以下各个实施方案的详细描述可以更完全地理解本公开,在附图中:
图1是根据本发明的示例性阻隔膜的侧视图。
图2是采用图1的阻隔膜的示例性真空绝缘板的前视图。
虽然可能未按比例绘制的以上所识别的附图示出了本公开的各种实施方案,但还可设想其它实施方案,如在具体实施方式中所指出的。在所有情况下,本公开通过示例性实施方案的表示而非通过表达限制来描述当前公开的发明。应当理解,本领域的技术人员可以设计出许多其它的修改形式和实施方案,这些修改形式和实施方案也在本公开的范围和实质之内。
具体实施方式
在详细说明本公开的任何实施方案之前,应当理解,本发明的应用并不限于在下文提及的使用细节、构造和部件布置。本发明容许其它实施方案并且容许以各种方式实施或执行,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,在阅读本公开时,这些方式将显而易见。另外还应理解,本文中所用的用语和术语均出于说明目的,不应被视为限制性的。本文中“包括”、“包含”或“具有”以及其变型的使用意指涵盖其后所列举的项目及其等同形式以及额外的项目。应当理解,可利用其它的实施方案,并且可在不脱离本发明范围的前提下,作出结构变化或逻辑变化。
如本说明书所使用,通过端点表述的数值范围包括该范围内所包含的所有数值(例如1至5包括1、1.5、2、2.75、3、3.8、4和5等)。
除非另外指明,否则本说明书和实施方案中所使用的表达量或成分、特性测量等的所有数值在所有情况下均应理解成由术语“约”来修饰。因此,除非有相反的说明,否则在上述说明书和所附实施方案列表中示出的数值参数可根据本领域的技术人员利用本公开的教导内容寻求获得的期望特性而改变。在最低程度上并且在不试图将等同原则的应用限制到受权利要求书保护的实施方案的范围内的情况下,至少应按照所报告的有效数位的数值并通过应用惯常的舍入技术来解释每个数值参数。
本公开提供阻隔膜、由这些阻隔膜形成的VIP包层、包括这些包层的VIP以及由这些阻隔膜形成的湿气阻隔袋。现在参见图1,示出了根据本公开的示例性阻隔膜20。阻隔膜20包括基材22,该基材22具有第一主表面24和第二主表面26。与基材22的第一主表面24直接接触的是第一层30,继而第一层30与第二层40接触。实际上可以以任一顺序将以下描述为第一层30的层和以下将描述为第二层40的层施加到基材22并且仍然实现合适的阻隔特性,并且任一顺序被认为在本公开的范围内。
在一些实施方案诸如所描绘的实施方案中,第一层30是低热传导率有机层32。另外,对所选择的基材而言良好的柔韧性、韧性和粘附性被认为是所需的。可通过常规的涂布方法诸如辊涂(例如,凹版辊涂)单体或喷涂(例如,静电喷涂)单体来制备低热传导率有机层32,然后通过使用例如紫外辐射进行交联。还可通过单体的闪蒸、气相沉积来制备低热传导率有机层32,之后进行交联,如以下美国专利号4,842,893(Yializis等人)、美国专利号4,954,371(Yializis)、美国专利号5,032,461(Shaw等人)、美国专利号5,440,446(Shaw等人)、美国专利号5,725,909(Shaw等人)、美国专利号6,231,939(Shaw等人)、美国专利号6,045,864(Lyons等人)、美国专利号6,224,948(Affinito)和美国专利号8,658,248(Anderson等人)中所述,这些专利均以引用方式并入本文。
在一些实施方案中诸如所描绘的实施方案中,第二层40是无机叠层(在所描绘的实施方案中层44、层46、层48的集合)。该无机叠层包括低热传导率非金属无机材料层44和高电传导率金属材料层46。实际上可以以任一顺序将低热传导率非金属无机材料层44和高电传导率金属材料层46施加到第一层30并且仍然实现合适的阻隔特性,并且任一顺序被认为在本公开的范围内。低热传导率非金属无机材料层44优选地具有不大于1W/(cm·K)、0.5W/(cm·K)、0.2W/(cm·K)或甚至0.015W/(cm·K)的热传导率。
高电传导率金属材料层46可包含高电传导率金属材料,其优选地具有大于1×107Siemens/m、大于1.5×107Siemens/m、大于2×107Siemens/m、大于3×107Siemens/m、大于4×107Siemens/m或大于5×107Siemens/m的电传导率。合适的高电传导率金属材料层46中另一可用的特性是在层的平面内的高热阻。例如,高电传导率金属材料层46对1cm乘1cm的区域具有大于1000Kelvin/W、大于2.5×104Kelvin/W或大于5×105Kelvin/W的热阻。
在一些所描绘的实施方案中,存在可选的第二低热传导率非金属无机材料层48以提供所需的物理特性。通过溅射便利地施加此类层,并且约10nm和50nm之间的厚度被认为是便利的,厚度大约20nm被认为是特别合适的。
一些实施方案诸如所描绘的实施方案还包括可选的低热传导率有机层50,该可选的低热传导率有机层50被施加到远离基材22侧上的第二层40。可采用此类层以物理地保护非金属无机材料层44。一些实施方案可包括附加的层以便实现所需特性。例如,如果附加的阻隔特性被认为是必需的,则非金属无机材料的附加层可被可选地施加到包括例如在保护性第二聚合物层上方。非金属无机材料的附加层可例如提供对另一基材的层合的增强的界面粘附性。
现在参见图2,示出采用图1的阻隔膜作为真空绝缘板包层的完整的真空绝缘板100的前视图。便利地通过加热焊接,两片阻隔膜20a和阻隔膜20b已经被面对面地附接以形成真空绝缘板包层102。在该视图的轮廓中看到,在包层102内的是芯104。芯104被真空密封在包层102内。
基材
基材22便利地是聚合物层。虽然可使用各种不同的聚合物,但是当阻隔膜被用于真空绝缘板时,耐刺穿性和热稳定性是特别珍贵的特性。可用的聚合物耐刺穿膜的示例包括聚合物诸如聚乙烯(PE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚醚砜(PES)、聚碳酸酯、聚酯碳酸酯、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)、聚芳酯(PAR)、商品名为ARTON的聚合物(购自日本东京的日本合成橡胶公司(Japanese Synthetic Rubber Co.,Tokyo,Japan))、商品名为AVATREL的聚合物(购自俄亥俄州布雷克斯维尔的B.F.古德里奇公司(B.F.Goodrich Co.,Brecksville,Ohio))、聚乙烯-2,6-聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚、聚氯乙烯(PVC)以及乙烯-乙烯醇(EVOH)。另外可用的是热固性聚合物诸如聚酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺苯并噁唑、聚苯并噁唑以及纤维素衍生物。具有大约0.002英寸(0.05mm)的厚度的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)被认为是作为双轴向取向聚丙烯膜(BOPP)的便利的选择。双轴向取向聚丙烯(BOPP)可从若干个供应商商购获得,包括:德克萨斯州休斯顿的埃克森美孚化工公司(ExxonMobil Chemical Company,Houston,Texas)、英国斯温顿的大陆聚合物公司(Continental Polymers,Swindon,UK)、台湾台北市的凯泽斯国际公司(Kaisers International Corporation,Taipei City,Taiwan)和印度尼西亚雅加达的PT印多利多宝利工业(ISI)公司(PT Indopoly Swakarsa Industry(ISI),Jakarta,Indonesia)。合适的膜材料的其它示例在标题为“类似布料的聚合物膜(Cloth-likePolymeric Films)”的WO 02/11978(Jackson等人)中教导。在一些实施方案中,基材可以是两个或更多个聚合物层的层合。
低热传导率有机层
当通过单体的闪蒸、气相沉积形成低热传导率有机层32(之后进行交联)时,可挥发的丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯(本文是指“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”)单体是可用的,其中可挥发的丙烯酸酯单体是优选的。合适的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体具有足够的蒸汽压力来在蒸发器中被蒸发并且在蒸汽涂布机中被冷凝成液体或固体涂层。
合适的单体的示例包括但不限于:二丙烯酸己二醇酸酯、丙烯酸乙氧乙酯、(单)丙烯酸氰乙酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯、丙烯酸十八烷基酯、丙烯酸异癸酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、β-羧基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸四氢糠基酯、二腈丙烯酸酯、五氟苯基丙烯酸酯、硝基苯氧基丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-苯氧乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2,2,2-三氟甲基酯、二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、丙氧基化新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、双酚A环氧二丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、丙基三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三(2-羟乙基)-异氰脲酸酯三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、苯硫基乙基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸萘氧基乙酯、生产根据编号为RDX80094的环氧丙烯酸酯(购自新泽西州费尔菲尔德的RadCure公司(RadCure Corp.,Fairfield,N.J.));以及它们的混合物。聚合物层中可以包括多种其它可固化材料诸如例如乙烯基醚、乙烯基萘(vinyl mapthalene)、丙烯腈以及它们的混合物。
特别地,三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯被认为是合适的。它通过例如冷凝的有机涂布及后续的紫外光(UV)、电子束或等离子体引发的自由基乙烯基聚合来便利地施加。约250nm和1500nm之间的厚度被认为是便利的,厚度大约为750nm被认为是特别合适的。
低热传导率非金属无机材料层
低热传导率非金属无机材料层44可由金属氧化物、金属氮化物、金属氮氧化物以及氧化物、氮化物和氮氧化物的金属合金便利地形成。在一个方面,低热传导率非金属无机材料层44包含金属氧化物。优选的金属氧化物包括氧化铝、氧化硅、硅铝氧化物、铝硅氮化物以及铝硅氮氧化物、CuO、TiO2、ITO、Si3N4、TiN、ZnO、铝锌氧化物、ZrO2以及氧化钇稳定的氧化锆。由于其阻燃特性设想使用Ca2SiO4。低热传导率非金属无机材料44可通过多种方法诸如以下专利中描述的那些方法制备:美国专利号5,725,909(Shaw等人)和美国专利号5,440,446(Shaw等人),其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。低热传导率非金属无机材料通常可通过反应性蒸发、反应性溅射、化学气相沉积、等离子体增强化学气相沉积以及原子层沉积进行制备。优选的方法包括真空制备诸如反应性溅射和等离子体增强化学气相沉积。
低热传导率非金属无机材料被作为薄层便利地施加。低热传导率非金属无机材料例如硅铝氧化物可例如提供良好的阻隔特性以及对低热传导率有机层30的良好的界面粘附性。通过溅射便利地施加此类层,并且约5nm和100nm之间的厚度被认为是便利的,厚度大约20nm被认为是特别合适的。
高电传导率金属材料层
例如,可用在高电传导率金属材料层46中的高电传导率金属材料可包括铝、银、金、铜、铍、钨、镁、铑、铱、钼、锌、青铜或它们的组合。在一些实施方案中,高电传导率金属材料可以是铜。高电传导率金属材料例如铜可例如提供良好的电磁屏蔽特性以及良好的抗静电特性。高电传导率金属还可具有高热传导率例如大于1W/(cm·K)、1.1W/(cm·K)、1.2W/(cm·K)、1.5W/(cm·K)、2W/(cm·K)、3W/(cm·K)或4W/(cm·K)的热传导率。以约2nm和100nm之间的厚度沉积金属以提供层的平面内的高热阻。在一些实施方案中,可以以约5nm和100nm之间的厚度沉积金属。在一些实施方案中,可以以约10nm和50nm之间的厚度沉积金属。在一些实施方案中,可以以约10nm和30nm之间的厚度沉积金属。在一些实施方案中,部分地氧化高电传导率金属材料是便利的。
芯
再次参见图2,在一些实施方案中,真空绝缘板100便利地包括呈例如尺寸大约四微米的小开孔的刚性泡沫的形式的芯104。微孔泡沫芯的一个来源是密歇根州米德兰的陶氏化学公司(Dow Chemical Company,Midland,MI)。在一些实施方案中,在芯的面中切割或形成平行间距排空通道或沟槽。关于如何可将芯真空密封在包层内的信息在美国专利6,106,449(Wynne)中公开,其内容以引用方式并入本文。其它可用材料包括热解法二氧化硅、玻璃纤维以及气凝胶。
热密封层
还可存在可选的热密封层。聚乙烯或线性低密度聚乙烯和低密度聚乙烯的共混物被认为是合适的。可通过挤压、涂布或层合将热密封层施加到阻隔膜。包含高密度聚乙烯的共挤出复合层也被认为是合适的。
阻燃层
包层具有阻燃特性可以是便利的。例如,基材本身可包含阻燃材料,或者可将独立的阻燃层定位成在所述第一层的相反侧与基材的相对的主表面直接接触。在美国专利申请2012/0164442(Ong等人)中发现关于适于在分层的产品中使用的阻燃材料的信息,该专利申请的内容以引用方式并入本文。
特性
阻隔膜或湿气阻隔袋或采用阻隔膜的VIP是半透明的可以是便利的。例如,半透明阻隔膜允许使用条形码扫描器通过阻隔膜的带条形码的部件的直接读取,并且这可消除对于对袋编制条形码的需要。此类半透明阻隔膜可被用在湿气阻隔袋中对这些袋内的部件或干燥剂和湿度指示卡的检测。
在一些实施方案中,阻隔膜或湿气阻隔袋或采用阻隔膜的VIP具有小于50Ohms/sq、40Ohms/sq、30Ohms/sq、20Ohms/sq、15Ohms/sq、10Ohms/sq或5OOhms/sq的Rs。在一些实施方案中,阻隔膜或湿气阻隔袋或采用阻隔膜的VIP具有小于10纳焦耳、7纳焦耳、5纳焦耳或3纳焦耳的静电屏蔽。一般来讲,具有小于50Ohms/sq的Rs或小于10纳焦耳的静电屏蔽的阻隔膜可具有良好的电磁屏蔽特性。
在一些实施方案中,阻隔膜或湿气阻隔袋或采用阻隔膜的VIP具有小于2秒、1秒或0.5秒的静电衰减时间。一般来讲,此类静电衰减时间可有助于膜的良好的抗静电特性。
阻隔膜或湿气阻隔袋或采用阻隔膜的VIP可具有小于0.2g/m2/天、0.1g/m2/天、0.005g/m2/天或0.01g/m2/天的水蒸气透过率,因此提供良好的阻隔特性。
以下实施方案旨在举例说明本公开而非进行限制。
实施方案
以下工作实施例旨在举例说明本公开而非进行限制。
1.一种阻隔膜,所述阻隔膜包括:
(a)基材,所述基材具有两个相背的主表面;
(b)第一层,所述第一层与所述基材的所述相背的主表面中的一个直接接触,其中所述第一层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层或;以及
(c)第二层,所述第二层与所述第一层直接接触,其中所述第二层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层,并且其中所述第二层与所述第一层中所选择的不相同;
其中所述无机叠层包括低热传导率非金属无机材料层和高电传导率金属材料层,所述高电传导率金属材料层在该高电传导率金属材料层的平面内具有高热阻;其中所述阻隔膜是半透明的。
2.根据实施方案1所述的阻隔膜,其中所述高电传导率金属材料层包含高电传导率金属材料。
3.根据实施方案2所述的阻隔膜,其中所述高电传导率金属材料具有大于1.5×107Siemens/m的电传导率。
4.根据实施方案3所述的阻隔膜,所述高电传导率金属材料选自铝、银、金、铜、铍、钨、镁、铑、铱、钼、锌、青铜或它们的组合中的至少一种。
5.根据实施方案1至实施方案4中任一项所述的阻隔膜,其中所述低热传导率非金属无机材料层包含低热传导率非金属无机材料,并且所述低热传导率非金属无机材料选自氧化铝、氧化硅、铝硅氧化物、铝硅氮化物以及铝硅氮氧化物、CuO、TiO2、ITO、Si3N4、TiN、ZnO、铝锌氧化物、ZrO2、氧化钇稳定的氧化锆以及Ca2SiO4中的至少一种。
6.根据前述实施方案中任一项所述的阻隔膜,还包括附加的低热传导率有机层。
7.根据前述实施方案中任一项所述的阻隔膜,还包括在所述第一层的相反侧与所述基材的相对的主表面直接接触的阻燃层。
8.根据前述实施方案中任一项所述的阻隔膜,其中所述阻隔膜具有小于50Ohms/sq的Rs。
9.根据前述实施方案中任一项所述的阻隔膜,其中所述阻隔膜具有小于2秒的静电衰减时间。
10.根据前述实施方案中任一项所述的阻隔膜,其中所述阻隔膜具有小于10纳焦耳的静电屏蔽。
11.根据前述实施方案中任一项所述的阻隔膜,其中所述阻隔膜具有小于0.031g/m2/天的水蒸气透过率。
12.一种包括真空绝缘板包层的制品,所述真空绝缘板包层包括:
(a)基材,所述基材具有两个相背的主表面;
(b)第一层,所述第一层与所述基材的所述相背的主表面中的一个直接接触,其中所述第一层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层或;以及
(c)第二层,所述第二层与所述第一层直接接触,其中所述第二层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层,并且其中所述第二层与所述第一层中所选择的不相同;
其中所述无机叠层包括低热传导率非金属无机材料层和高电传导率金属材料层,所述高电传导率金属材料层在该高电传导率金属材料层的平面内具有高热阻。
13.根据实施方案12所述的制品,其中所述高电传导率金属材料层包含高电传导率金属材料。
14.根据实施方案13所述的制品,所述高电传导率金属材料具有大于1.5×107Siemens/m的电传导率。
15.根据实施方案14所述的制品,所述高电传导率金属材料选自铝、银、金、铜、铍、钨、镁、铑、铱、钼、锌、青铜或它们的组合中的至少一种。
16.根据实施方案11至实施方案15中任一项所述的制品,其中所述低热传导率非金属无机材料层包含低热传导率非金属无机材料,并且所述低热传导率非金属无机材料选自氧化铝、氧化硅、铝硅氧化物、铝硅氮化物以及铝硅氮氧化物、CuO、TiO2、ITO、Si3N4、TiN、ZnO、铝锌氧化物、ZrO2、氧化钇稳定的氧化锆以及Ca2SiO4中的至少一种。
17.根据实施方案11至实施方案16中任一项所述的制品,还包括附加的低传导率有机层。
18.根据实施方案11至实施方案17中任一项所述的制品,还包括热密封层。
19.根据实施方案11至实施方案18中任一项所述的制品,其中所述基材包含阻燃材料。
20.根据实施方案11至实施方案19中任一项所述的制品,还包括在所述第一层的相反侧与所述基材的相对的主表面直接接触的阻燃层。
21.根据实施方案11至实施方案20中任一项所述的制品,其中所述真空绝缘板包层还包括芯层。
22.根据实施方案11至实施方案21中任一项所述的制品,其中所述真空绝缘板包层具有小于50Ohms/sq的Rs。
23.根据实施方案11至实施方案22中任一项所述的制品,其中所述真空绝缘板包层具有小于10纳焦耳的静电屏蔽。
24.一种包括湿气阻隔袋的制品,所述湿气阻隔袋包括:
(a)基材,所述基材具有两个相背的主表面;
(b)第一层,所述第一层与所述基材的所述相背的主表面中的一个直接接触,其中所述第一层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层或;以及
(c)第二层,所述第二层与所述第一层直接接触,其中所述第二层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层,并且其中所述第二层与所述第一层中所选择的不相同;
其中所述无机叠层包括低热传导率非金属无机材料层和高电传导率金属材料层,所述高电传导率金属材料层在该高电传导率金属材料层的平面内具有高热阻;
其中所述阻隔膜是半透明的。
25.根据实施方案24的制品,其中所述湿气阻隔袋具有小于2秒的静电衰减时间。
实施例
本文中引用的所有参考文献和出版物明确地以全文引用方式并入本公开。本文论述了本发明的例示性实施方案,并且引用了本发明范围内可能的变型。例如,描绘出与一个例示性实施方案结合的特征可与本发明的其它实施方案结合使用。在不脱离本发明的范围的前提下,这些以及其它变型和修改形式对本领域内的技术人员将是显而易见的,并且应当理解,本发明并不限于本文所提出的例示性实施方案。因此,本发明仅受以下所附的权利要求书及其等同物的限定。
测试方法
水蒸气透过率(WVTR)
在以PERMATRAN W700商购自明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯的膜康公司(Mocon,Minneapolis,MN)的蒸汽透过测试上对以下实施例中的一些进行了阻隔特性测试。测试状况为50℃和100%RH。
可见光透射率(%T)
对实施例中的一些进行了平均可见光透射率测量。使用可商购获得的分光光度计仪器(其为来自马萨诸塞州奥尔瑟姆的珀金埃尔默公司(Perkin Elmer,Altham,MA)的Lambda 950或弗吉尼亚州雷斯顿的亨特利公司(HunterLab,Reson,VA)的UltraScan PRO中的任一个)测量透射的光百分比。计算从400nm至700nm透射的光百分比的平均值。
静电衰减
在商购获得的测量仪器(宾夕法尼亚州格伦赛德的电子技术系统有限公司(Electro-Tech Systems Inc,Glenside PA)的406C型)上对以下实施例中的一些进行静电衰减测试。
薄板电阻Rs
在商购获得的非接触涡流测量设备(威斯康辛州普雷斯科特的德尔康仪器有限公司(Delcom Instruments Inc,Prescott,WI)的717型电导监视器)上对实施例中的一些进行薄板电阻测试。
测试的静电屏蔽
在商购获得的设备(宾夕法尼亚州格伦赛德的电子技术系统有限公司(Electro-Tech Systems Inc,Glenside PA)的4431T型)上对实施例中的一些进行针对ANSI/ESDS11.31的静电屏蔽测试。
实施例
实施例1
阻隔膜的以下实施例在类似于美国专利号5,440,446(Shaw等人)和7,018,713(Padiyath等人)中描述的涂布机的真空涂布机上制备。该涂布机与以商购自弗吉尼亚州切斯特的杜邦帝人膜公司(DuPont-Teijin Films,Chester,VA)的无限长度卷的0.05mm厚、14英寸(35.6cm)宽的PET膜的形式的基材串在一起。然后以16fpm(4.9m/min)的恒定的线速度推进该基材。通过使基材经受氮等离子体处理以改善低热传导率有机层的粘附性来为涂层制备基材。
通过施加三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯(以SARTOMER SR833S商购自宾夕法尼亚州埃克斯顿的沙多玛美国公司(Sartomer USA,Exton,PA))在基材上形成低热传导率有机层,通过超声雾化和闪蒸使得涂层宽度为12.5英寸(31.8cm)。随后立即在下游用以7.0kV和4.0mA操作的电子束固化枪将该单体涂层固化。液体流到蒸发器中的流速是1.33ml/min,气体流速是60sccm并且蒸发器温度设定为260℃。工艺筒温度是-10℃。
从高电传导率金属无机材料开始,在该低热传导率有机层的顶部上施加无机叠层。更具体地,采用以4kW功率操作的常规的AC溅射工艺来将铜的15nm厚的层沉积到当前聚合的低热传导率有机层(电传导率的书面值是5.96×107Siemens/m并且铜的热传导率的书面值是4.0W/(cm·K))。然后通过采用40kHz AC电源的AC反应性溅射沉积工艺铺设低热传导率非金属无机材料。阴极具有可购自(缅因州)比迪福德的美国Soleras高级涂料公司(Soleras Advanced Coatings US,Biddeford,(Me))的Si(90%)/Al(10%)靶。在溅射过程中,阴极的电压由反馈控制回路控制,该回路监控电压并控制氧气流速,使得电压保持在高位并且不使目标电压崩溃。以16kW的功率操作系统以将硅铝氧化物的20nm厚的层沉积到铜层上。
使用另外的内嵌式工艺以将第二聚合物层沉积在硅铝氧化物层的顶部上。通过雾化和蒸发由单体溶液制得该聚合物层。然而,施加以形成该顶部层的材料是3重量%以DYNASILAN 1189商购自德国埃森的赢创公司(Evonik of Essen,DE)的N-(正丁基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、1重量%以IRGACURE 184商购自德国路德维希港的巴斯夫公司(BASF,Ludwigshafen,DE)的1-羟基环己基苯基酮与残留的SARTOMER SR833S的混合物。该混合物流入到喷雾器中的流速是1.33ml/min,气体流速是60sccm,并且蒸发器温度是260℃。一旦冷凝至硅铝氧化物层上,就用紫外光将经涂布的混合物固化成成品聚合物。
根据上面论述的测试方法进行水蒸气透过测试。发现该实验中水蒸气透过率低于设备的检测限。
实施例2
根据实施例1的程序制备阻隔膜,不同的是基材是2.15密耳厚双轴向取向的聚丙烯。根据上面论述的测试方法进行水蒸气透过测试,并且发现水蒸气透过率低于设备的检测限。
实施例3
阻隔膜的以下实施例在类似于美国专利号5,440,446(Shaw等人)和7,018,713(Padiyath等人)中描述的涂布机的真空涂布机上制备。涂布机与以作为Astroll ST01商购自韩国果川市的科伦工业有限公司(Kolon Industries Inc.,Gwacheon-si,Korea)的无限长度卷的0.00092英寸(0.023mm)厚的PET膜的形式的基材串在一起。然后以16fpm(4.9m/min)的恒定的线速度推进该基材。通过使基材经受氮等离子体处理以改善低热传导率有机层的粘附性来为涂层制备基材。
通过施加三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯(以SARTOMER SR833S商购自宾夕法尼亚州埃克斯顿的沙多玛美国公司(Sartomer USA,Exton,PA))在基材上形成低热传导率有机层,通过超声雾化和闪蒸使得涂层宽度为12.5英寸(31.8cm)。随后立即在下游用以7.0kV和4.0mA操作的电子束固化枪将该单体涂层固化。液体流到蒸发器中的流速是1.33ml/min,气体流速是60sccm并且蒸发器温度设定为260℃。工艺筒温度是-10℃。
从高电传导率金属无机材料开始,在该低热传导率有机层的顶部上施加无机叠层。更具体地,采用使用对每个阴极以2.8kW功率操作的常规的DC溅射工艺的两个阴极来将铜的35nm厚的层沉积到当前聚合的低热传导率有机层(电传导率的书面值是5.96×107Siemens/m并且铜的热传导率的书面值是4.0W/(cm·K))。然后通过采用40kHz AC电源的AC反应性溅射沉积工艺铺设低热传导率非金属无机材料。阴极具有可购自(缅因州)比迪福德的美国Soleras高级涂料公司(Soleras Advanced Coatings US,Biddeford,(Me))的Si(90%)/Al(10%)靶。在溅射过程中,阴极的电压由反馈控制回路控制,该回路监控电压并控制氧气流速,使得电压保持在高位并且不使目标电压崩溃。以16kW的功率操作系统以将硅铝氧化物的20nm厚的层沉积到铜层上。
使用另外的内嵌式工艺以将第二聚合物层沉积在硅铝氧化物层的顶部上。通过雾化和蒸发由单体溶液制得该聚合物层。然而,施加以形成该顶部层的材料是3重量%(N-正丁基氮杂-2,2-二甲氧基硅环戊烷)与残留的SARTOMER SR833S的混合物。随后立即在下游用以7.0kV和10.0mA操作的电子束固化枪将该单体涂层固化。该混合物流入到喷雾器中的流速是1.33ml/min,气体流速是60sccm,并且蒸发器温度是260℃。
实施例4
大体根据实施例3的程序制备阻隔膜,以下特定项除外。用于沉积铜的每个阴极的功率是4.0kW以沉积铜的50nm厚的层。
实施例5
大体根据实施例3的程序制备阻隔膜,以下特定项除外。所使用的基材是可从东丽塑料美国公司(Toray Plastics America)商购获得的0.97密耳PET,并且用于沉积铜的每个阴极的功率是0.8kW以沉积铜的10nm厚的层。
实施例6
大体根据实施例5的程序制备阻隔膜,以下特定项除外。在AC反应性溅射工艺中,使用SiAl靶的阴极具有80sccm的流动的N2以沉积20nm硅铝氮氧化物。
实施例7
大体根据实施例5的程序制备阻隔膜,以下特定项除外。当在基材上形成低热传导率有机层时,液体流到蒸发器中的流速是2.66ml/min。
静电衰减、静电屏蔽、透射率、Rs以及WVTR的结果在下面的表1中呈现。
表1
Claims (25)
1.一种阻隔膜,所述阻隔膜包括:
(a)基材,所述基材具有两个相背的主表面;
(b)第一层,所述第一层与所述基材的所述相背的主表面中的一个直接接触,其中所述第一层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层或;以及
(c)第二层,所述第二层与所述第一层直接接触,其中所述第二层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层,并且其中所述第二层与所述第一层中所选择的不相同;
其中所述无机叠层包括低热传导率非金属无机材料层和高电传导率金属材料层,所述高电传导率金属材料层在该高电传导率金属材料层的平面内具有高热阻;
其中所述阻隔膜是半透明的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻隔膜,其中所述高电传导率金属材料层包含高电传导率金属材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的阻隔膜,其中所述高电传导率金属材料具有大于1.5×107Siemens/m的电传导率。
4.根据权利要求3所述的阻隔膜,所述高电传导率金属材料选自铝、银、金、铜、铍、钨、镁、铑、铱、钼、锌、青铜或它们的组合中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1至权利要求4中任一项所述的阻隔膜,其中所述低热传导率非金属无机材料层包含低热传导率非金属无机材料,并且所述低热传导率非金属无机材料选自氧化铝、氧化硅、铝硅氧化物、铝硅氮化物以及铝硅氮氧化物、CuO、TiO2、ITO、Si3N4、TiN、ZnO、铝锌氧化物、ZrO2、氧化钇稳定的氧化锆以及Ca2SiO4中的至少一种。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的阻隔膜,还包括附加的低热传导率有机层。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的阻隔膜,还包括在所述第一层的相反侧与所述基材的相对的主表面直接接触的阻燃层。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的阻隔膜,其中所述阻隔膜具有小于50Ohms/sq的Rs。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的阻隔膜,其中所述阻隔膜具有小于2秒的静电衰减时间。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的阻隔膜,其中所述阻隔膜具有小于10纳焦耳的静电屏蔽。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的阻隔膜,其中所述阻隔膜具有小于0.031g/m2/天的水蒸气透过率。
12.一种包括真空绝缘板包层的制品,所述真空绝缘板包层包括:
(a)基材,所述基材具有两个相背的主表面;
(b)第一层,所述第一层与所述基材的所述相背的主表面中的一个直接接触,其中所述第一层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层或;以及
(c)第二层,所述第二层与所述第一层直接接触,其中所述第二层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层,并且其中所述第二层与所述第一层中所选择的不相同;
其中所述无机叠层包括低热传导率非金属无机材料层和高电传导率金属材料层,所述高电传导率金属材料层在该高电传导率金属材料层的平面内具有高热阻。
13.根据权利要求12所述的制品,其中所述高电传导率金属材料层包含高电传导率金属材料。
14.根据权利要求13所述的制品,其中所述高电传导率金属材料具有大于1.5×107Siemens/m的电传导率。
15.根据权利要求14所述的制品,所述高电传导率金属材料选自铝、银、金、铜、铍、钨、镁、铑、铱、钼、锌、青铜或它们的组合中的至少一种。
16.根据权利要求11至权利要求15中任一项所述的制品,其中所述低热传导率非金属无机材料层包含低热传导率非金属无机材料,并且所述低热传导率非金属无机材料选自氧化铝、氧化硅、铝硅氧化物、铝硅氮化物以及铝硅氮氧化物、CuO、TiO2、ITO、Si3N4、TiN、ZnO、铝锌氧化物、ZrO2、氧化钇稳定的氧化锆以及Ca2SiO4中的至少一种。
17.根据权利要求11至权利要求16中任一项所述的制品,还包括附加的低传导率有机层。
18.根据权利要求11至权利要求17中任一项所述的制品,还包括热密封层。
19.根据权利要求11至权利要求18中任一项所述的制品,其中所述基材包含阻燃材料。
20.根据权利要求11至权利要求19中任一项所述的制品,还包括在所述第一层的相反侧与所述基材的相对的主表面直接接触的阻燃层。
21.根据权利要求11至权利要求20中任一项所述的制品,其中所述真空绝缘板包层还包括芯层。
22.根据权利要求11至权利要求21中任一项所述的制品,其中所述真空绝缘板包层具有小于0.2g/m2/天的湿蒸气透过率。
23.根据权利要求11至权利要求22中任一项所述的制品,其中所述真空绝缘板包层具有小于10纳焦耳的静电屏蔽。
24.一种包括湿气阻隔袋的制品,所述湿气阻隔袋包括:
(a)基材,所述基材具有两个相背的主表面;
(b)第一层,所述第一层与所述基材的所述相背的主表面中的一个直接接触,其中所述第一层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层或;以及
(c)第二层,所述第二层与所述第一层直接接触,其中所述第二层是无机叠层或低热传导率有机层,并且其中所述第二层与所述第一层中所选择的不相同;
其中所述无机叠层包括低热传导率非金属无机材料层和高电传导率金属材料层,所述高电传导率金属材料层在该高电传导率金属材料层的平面内具有高热阻;
其中所述阻隔膜是半透明的。
25.根据权利要求24所述的制品,其中所述湿气阻隔袋具有小于2秒的静电衰减时间。
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