CN108336266B - 车辆 - Google Patents

车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108336266B
CN108336266B CN201810027207.6A CN201810027207A CN108336266B CN 108336266 B CN108336266 B CN 108336266B CN 201810027207 A CN201810027207 A CN 201810027207A CN 108336266 B CN108336266 B CN 108336266B
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battery
vehicle
normal
collision
cell
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CN108336266A (zh
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大村雅夫
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K8/00Arrangement or mounting of propulsion units not provided for in one of the preceding main groups
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0007Measures or means for preventing or attenuating collisions
    • B60L3/0015Prevention of collisions
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    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
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    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664Failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04671Failure or abnormal function of the individual fuel cell
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M8/2465Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/247Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
    • H01M8/2475Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0427Arrangement between the seats
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0438Arrangement under the floor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545Temperature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547Voltage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • B60L2240/54Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549Current
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0053Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to fuel cells
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/0207Wire harnesses
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

本公开提供了一种车辆,所述车辆包括:电气负载;第一电池,其电气地连接至所述电气负载;第二电池,其与所述第一电池并联地电气地连接至所述电气负载,在所述车辆的俯视图中,所述第二电池比所述第一电池更靠近所述车辆的中心;开关,其被配置为仅将所述第一电池和所述第二电池中的所述第一电池与电气负载电气断开;以及控制器,其被配置为基于检测到所述车辆的碰撞或检测到所述第一电池的异常而打开所述开关。

Description

车辆
技术领域
本公开涉及一种包括多个电池的车辆。
背景技术
已知一种技术,其中,中间冷却器设置在车辆的燃料电池组的前侧,从而保护燃料电池组免受车辆前部碰撞时的冲击(例如,参见日本未审查专利申请公开第2015-157608号(JP2015-157608A))。
发明内容
然而,在车辆的碰撞时难以将燃料电池组中包括的多个电池中的一些电池与电气负载单独地电气地断开以仅仅使其他电池可用。
本发明提供一种车辆,其在车辆碰撞时单独地使多个电池中的一些电池可用。
本发明的一个方面涉及一种包括电气负载、第一电池、第二电池、开关和控制器的车辆。第一电池电气地连接至所述电气负载。第二电池与所述第一电池并联地电气地连接至所述电气负载。在所述车辆的俯视图中,所述第二电池比所述第一电池更靠近所述车辆的中心。开关被配置为仅将所述第一电池和所述第二电池中的所述第一电池与所述电气负载电气地断开。控制器被配置为基于检测到所述车辆的碰撞或检测到所述第一电池的异常而打开所述开关。
根据本发明的该方面,由于在车辆的俯视图中第二电池被布置为比第一电池更靠近车辆的中心,因此在碰撞时第一电池损坏的可能性比第二电池高。通过使用上述点,基于检测到车辆的碰撞或检测到第一电池的异常而打开开关。在打开开关的情况下,单独地将第一电池和第二电池中的第一电池与电气负载电气地断开。由此,在车辆碰撞时,能够单独地使第二电池可用。其结果是,能够在碰撞时单独地利用与第一电池相比几乎未损坏的第二电池安全地操作电气负载。
在根据本发明的该方面的车辆中,在所述车辆的所述俯视图中,所述第一电池可以被设置在所述第二电池的在预定方向上的两侧中的每一侧。根据本发明该方面,能够利用第一电池来保护第二电池免受以预定方向施加力的形式的碰撞。
在根据本发明的该方面的车辆中,所述预定方向可以是所述车辆的车宽方向。根据本发明的该方面,能够保护第二电池免于侧面碰撞破坏。
在根据本发明的车辆中,所述第一电池和所述第二电池可以被容纳在单个壳体内。在所述车辆的所述俯视图中,所述第二电池可以被设置为比所述第一电池更靠近所述壳体的中心。根据本发明的该方案,能够使用壳体内的第一电池来保护第二电池。
在根据本发明的该方面的车辆中,所述第一电池可以被设置在所述车辆中的允许用于碰撞时的冲击吸收的变形的预定区域内。所述第二电池可以被设置在所述预定区域外。根据本发明的该方面,可以使用第一电池进行冲击吸收。
根据本发明的该方面的车辆可以进一步包括:座椅;以及在车宽方向上的框架构件,其被构造为支撑所述座椅。在所述车辆的侧视图中,所述第二电池可以被设置在与随着所述座椅的前后方向上的位置调节的所述框架构件的可移动范围不重叠的范围内。根据本发明的该方面,能够防止由于在侧面碰撞时能够向车辆内侧移动的框架部件而导致第二电池的损坏。
在根据本发明的该方面的车辆中,所述第二电池可以被布置为在所述车辆的前后方向上相对于所述第一电池偏移。根据本发明的该方面,可以排布第一电池和第二电池而不需要车宽方向上的空间。
根据本发明的该方面的车辆可以进一步包括:座椅,在车宽方向上的第一框架构件,其被构造为支撑所述座椅;以及在所述车宽方向上的第二框架构件,其被构造为支撑所述座椅并且被设置在所述第一框架构件的与所述第一电池和所述第二电池相对的一侧。在所述车辆的侧视图中,所述第一电池和所述第二电池可以被设置在与随着所述座椅的前后方向上的位置调节的所述第一框架构件和所述第二框架构件的可移动范围重叠的范围内。在所述车辆的俯视图中,所述第一电池和所述第二电池可以以所述第一电池位于所述第二电池的在所述车辆的车宽方向上的两侧中的每一侧的形式被设置在所述第一框架构件与所述第二框架构件之间。根据本发明的该方面,在侧面碰撞时通过框架构件向第一电池输入负载的同时,即使在上述的情况下,也能够利用第一电池保护第二电池。
根据本发明的方面,可以在车辆碰撞时单独地使多个电池中的一些电池可用。
附图说明
将参照附图描述本发明的示例性实施例的特征、优点以及技术和工业意义,其中相同的附图标记表示相同的元件,并且其中:
图1是示意性地表示车辆的俯视图的图;
图2是当从背侧观察时电池组的图;
图3是车辆的示意性系统构造图;
图4是表示电池ECU的处理装置的操作示例的示意性流程图;
图5是电池外壳内的优选的电池排布结构的说明图;
图6是电池外壳内的另一优选电池排布结构的说明图;
图7是电池外壳内的另一优选电池排布结构的说明图;
图8是侧面碰撞时的框架构件与电池组之间的关系的说明图;以及
图9是从背面示出电池组与框架构件之间的关系的示意图。
具体实施例
将参考附图对本发明的每一示例进行详细描述。
图1是示意性地表示车辆的俯视图的图。在下面的描述中,“连接”是指“电气连接”。图2是从后侧观察时电池组2的图,并且是表示从背面(电池外壳20部分)观察时的电池组2的内部的图。
车辆1包括电池组2。例如,电池组2设置在中央控制台的下方。电池组2具有电池外壳20,并且在电池外壳20的内部包括正常电池单元21、22(第一电池的示例)和应急电池单元24(第二电池的示例)。正常电池单元21、22在车宽方向上以夹着应急电池单元24的形式而排布。即,在车辆1的俯视图中,正常电池单元21、22分别设置在应急电池单元24的车宽方向上的两侧。具体而言,在车辆1的俯视图中,应急电池单元24被设置为比正常电池单元21、22更靠近电池外壳20的中心C。由此,能够在侧面碰撞时利用正常电池单元21、22保护应急电池单元24。正常电池单元21、22被设置在车辆中的允许用于碰撞时的冲击吸收的变形的预定区域(以下称为“可压碎区(crushable zone)”)内。应急电池单元24设置在可压碎区外的区域中。也就是说,应急电池单元24不设置在可压碎区中。在图2中,示意性地示出了可压碎区Z1。
在图2所示的示例中,正常电池单元21、22和应急电池单元24通过公共电池单元结合部15固定到电池外壳20上。在电池外壳20下方设置有公共冷却通道17。冷却通道17形成用于冷却正常电池单元21、22和应急电池单元24的冷却装置。在电池外壳20上方设置有公共排气通道16。排气通道16形成排气装置。
图3是车辆1的示意性系统构造图。
如图3所示,正常电池单元21、22和应急电池单元24并联连接在地线7和正常负载电力线8之间。电池切断继电器5(开关的一个示例)设置在正常电池单元21、22的正极侧和正常负载电力线8之间。电池切断继电器5在正常状态下闭合。电池切断继电器5可以排布在正常电池单元21、22的负极侧和地线7之间。正常电池单元21设置有热敏电阻器12。地线7设置有电流传感器13。正常负载3连接到正常负载电力线8。
正常负载3是包括电子控制单元(ECU)、传感器、附件等的电子设备(电气负载的示例),并且在除了发生碰撞时以外正常状态下进行操作。
应急负载4通过应急负载线9连接到正常负载电力线8。应急负载4是在车辆碰撞之后实现预定的功能的预定的电气负载(电气负载的一个例子)。应急负载4是线控换挡系统,Mayday系统(实现紧急呼叫功能的系统)等。Mayday系统包括使用移动电话网络的无线通信设备。正常负载电力线8与正常负载3并联地连接到正常电池单元21、22和应急电池单元24。
车辆1包括监测正常电池单元21、22和应急电池单元24的电池ECU 10。电池ECU 10包括处理装置11。处理装置11由计算机实现。具体而言,虽然图中未示出,但处理装置11包括中央处理单元(CPU)、随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、辅助存储装置、通信接口等,并且CPU执行存储设备中的程序来实现各种功能。
热敏电阻器12、电流传感器13和电池切断继电器5连接到电池ECU 10。安全气囊ECU 92通过控制器局域网(CAN)90连接到电池ECU 10。
处理装置11基于检测到车辆1的碰撞或检测到正常电池单元21、22的异常而打开电池切断继电器5。即,在检测到车辆1的碰撞或正常电池单元21、22的异常的情况下,处理装置11打开电池切断继电器5。
基于来自安全气囊ECU 92的信息(例如,碰撞检测信号),可以检测车辆的碰撞。可选地,处理装置11可以基于来自加速度传感器(未示出)的信号来确定车辆的碰撞的存在或不存在。
可以基于来自热敏电阻器12或电流传感器13的信息来检测正常电池单元21、22的异常。例如,在从热敏电阻器12或电流传感器13得到了指示异常(过电流、过电压、电池温度异常等)的信息的情况下,则检测到正常电池单元21、22的异常。作为正常电池单元21、22的异常,可以检测到正常电池单元21、22的个体异常,或者可以以正常电池单元21、22中发生异常的正常电池单元尚不清楚的形式做出检测。在检测到正常电池单元21、22的个体异常的配置中,可以仅仅打开正常电池单元21、22的检测到异常的正常电池单元的电池切断继电器5。在该示例中,作为示例,假设打开与正常电池单元21、22两者相关的电池切断继电器5。
在打开电池切断继电器5的情况下,正常电池单元21、22与正常负载电力线8电气地断开。由此,正常电池单元21、22与正常负载3和应急负载4电气地断开。结果,可以安全地操作应急电池单元24。
如上所述,正常电池单元21、22设置在可压碎区中。由此,在车辆1发生碰撞时(特别是在侧面碰撞时),正常电池单元21、22被损坏。其结果是,正常电池单元21、22在车辆1碰撞时很可能为异常。
从上述观点来看,根据该示例,基于检测到车辆1的碰撞或检测到正常电池单元21、22的异常,电池切断继电器5被打开。因此,能够在车辆1发生碰撞时打开电池切断继电器5。在电池切断继电器5被打开的情况下,正常电池单元21、22与正常负载电力线8电气地断开。也就是说,能够仅使电池组2中的应急电池单元24可用。由此,正常电池单元21、22与正常负载3和应急负载4电气地断开。结果,在车辆1发生碰撞时,能够安全地单独操作应急电池单元24。
根据该示例,正常电池单元21、22和应急电池单元24被排布在单个电池外壳20内部。由此,与正常电池单元21、22和应急电池单元24排布在分开的壳体中的情况相比,可以共用电池外壳20或者共用正常电池单元21、22和应急电池单元24的布线、正常电池单元21、22和应急电池单元24的结合或固定装置、冷却装置和排气装置、电池ECU 10的布线等。结果,能够进一步降低成本、减小重量和构成。
图4是表示电池ECU 10的处理装置11的操作示例的示例性流程图。例如,在点火开关通电的状态下,每隔预定的周期执行图4所示的处理。
在步骤S400中,处理装置11判定是否检测到车辆1的碰撞或正常电池单元21、22的异常。
在步骤S402中,处理装置11打开电池切断继电器5。
根据图4所示的处理,在点火开关通电的状态下,监测车辆1的碰撞或正常电池单元21、22的异常的存在或不存在,并且基于对车辆1的碰撞的检测或对正常电池单元21、22的异常的检测可以打开电池切断继电器5。
参照图5和随后的图,将对电池外壳内部的优选电池排布结构进行描述。
图5是电池外壳20A内的优选电池排布结构的说明图。类似于图2,图5是当从后侧观察时电池组2A的图,并且是表示从背面观察时的电池组2A的内部(电池外壳20A部分)的图。
在图5中,与图2不同,虽然正常电池单元21、22和应急电池单元24被设置为一个接一个地水平排布,但是上述差异并不是必不可少的。
在图5中,示意性地示出了根据碰撞的外力P。在施加外力P的情况下,电池外壳20A的侧板(在下文中,被称为“外壳侧板”)如图5中虚线80所示向内变形。结果,正常电池单元21如图5中的虚线210所示向内移动。在这种情况下,设定尺寸a、b、c等以使得正常电池单元21和应急电池单元24不相互干涉。
具体而言,在图5中,各个字符的含义如下。
a:正常电池单元21与应急电池单元24之间的间隔
b:外壳侧板×根据外力P的电池单元干扰量
c:电池外壳20A与正常电池单元21的电池固定部分70A(与正常电池单元21集成的最外部分)之间的间隔
δ:根据外力P的外壳侧板的挠曲量
E:外壳侧板的杨氏模量
I:外壳侧板的截面二次矩
在这种情况下,可以通过下面的表达式计算根据外力P的外壳侧板的挠曲量δ。
δ=P/(48E·I/L)
为了简化,假设在外壳侧板和正常电池单元21干涉时的反作用力被忽略。外壳侧板×根据外力P的电池单元干涉量b为如下。
b=δ-c
因此,实现了正常电池单元21与应急电池单元24之间的间隔a充分大于b的排布,由此,即使在根据碰撞的外力P被施加到电池外壳20A的情况下,也可以防止正常电池单元21和应急电池单元24的干涉。即,即使电池外壳20A在施加外力的情况下变形,并且正常电池单元21朝向应急电池单元24移动,正常电池单元21也不与应急电池单元24直接接触,并且能够进一步减少对应急电池单元24的输入负载。由此,能够保护应急电池单元24。
图6是电池外壳20B内部的另一优选电池排布结构的说明图。类似于图2,图6是从后侧观察时电池组2B的图,并且是表示从背面观察时的电池组2B的内部(电池外壳20B部分)的图。
在图6中,与图2不同,虽然正常电池单元21、22和应急电池单元24被设置为一个接一个地水平排布,但是上述差异并不是必不可少的。
在图6中,示意性地示出了根据碰撞的外力P1。在施加有外力P1的情况下,电池外壳20B的侧板(外壳侧板)如图6中的虚线80所示向内变形。结果,正常电池单元21如图6中的虚线212所示向内变形。在这种情况下,电池单元反作用力被施加到电池固定部分70B。在图6中,示意性地示出了根据正常电池单元21的变形的应力P2。电池固定部分70B的固定强度被设定为即使由于应力P2也不会断裂。
具体而言,在图6中,各个字符的含义如下。
δ1:根据外力P1的外壳侧板的挠曲量
δ2:根据外力P1的正常电池单元21的变形量
E1:外壳侧板的杨氏模量
I1:外壳侧板的截面二次矩
A:电池和外壳之间的间隔
在这种情况下,可以通过下面的表达式计算根据外力P1的外壳侧板的挠曲量δ1。
δ1=P1/(48E1·I1/L)
为了简化,假设在外壳侧板和正常电池单元21干涉时的反作用力被忽略。正常电池单元21根据外力P1的变形量δ2如下。
δ2=δ1-A
因此,例如,实验性地获得了δ2变形时的电池单元的应力P2,并且单元固定部70B的固定强度被设定为大于P2,由此即使在根据碰撞的外力P1被施加到电池外壳20B的情况下,也能够防止正常电池单体21与紧急电池单体24的干涉。具体地,在电池外壳20B或正常电池单元21随着施加外力P1而变形的同时,由于可以确保固定强度,所以正常电池单元21不会向内移动。结果,正常电池单元21不与紧急电池单元24直接接触,并且可以进一步减少对紧急电池单元24的输入负载。由此,可以保护紧急电池单元24。
图7是电池外壳20C内部的另一优选电池排布结构的说明图。图7是当从侧面观察时电池组2C的图,是表示从侧面观察时的电池组2C的内部(电池外壳20C部分)的图。
在图7所示的电池组2C中,应急电池单元24布置为不进入水平框架部件50的可移动范围Z3(由于座椅位置调整的可移动范围)。即,应急电池单元24被布置在车辆的侧视图中与框架部件50的可移动范围Z3不重叠的范围内。在图7的示例中,在正常电池单元21位于可移动范围Z3内的同时,应急电池单元24被布置为相对于可移动范围Z3向车辆后侧偏移。在图7示出的示例中,正常电池单元22可以以与正常电池单元21相邻的形式布置。在图7中,虽然为了简化而示出了一个框架部件50,但也可以设置多个框架部件50,这种情况下,框架部件50的可移动范围Z3是整个框架部件50的可移动范围。
图8是侧面碰撞时的框架部件50与电池组2C之间的关系的说明图,是示意性地表示与侧面碰撞杆的侧面碰撞时的状态的图。
如图8所示,在与侧面碰撞杆发生侧面碰撞时,侧面碰撞侧的框架部件50向车辆内侧(参照箭头R1)移动,与正常电池单元21接触。但是,如上所述,应急电池单元24位于框架部件50的可移动范围Z3的外部。由此,即使框架部件50向车辆的内侧移动,框架部件50也不会与应急电池单元24直接接触,并且可以进一步减少对应急电池单元24的输入负载。由此,能够保护应急电池单元24。
尽管已经详细描述了示例,但是本发明不限于具体示例,并且可以进行各种修改和改变。另外,也可以组合上述示例的全部或者多个构成要素。
例如,在图2所示的示例中,为了实现对侧面碰撞保护,在车辆1的俯视图中,在应急电池单元24的车宽方向上的两侧分别设置有正常电池单元21、22,然而,本发明不限于此。例如,为了实现对前后方向的碰撞的保护,在车辆1的俯视图中,可以将正常电池单元21、22设置在应急电池单元24的车辆的前后方向上的两侧。然而,通常,由于在车宽方向上可压碎区较窄,所以本发明适合作为用于实现对侧面碰撞进行防护的构造。
在上述示例中,电池组2、2A或2B可以排布在水平框架部件50的可移动范围Z3内(图7)。图9是从背面示出电池组2与框架部件50之间的关系的示意图。在这种情况下,类似于图8,在与侧面碰撞杆发生侧面碰撞时,侧面碰撞侧的框架部件50向车辆内侧移动(参照图8的箭头R1),并且与电池组2的侧面接触。在这种情况下,外力P3被施加到电池组2的侧表面。外力P3对应于参考图5、图6等描述的外力P或外力P1。在这种情况下,如上所述,正常电池单元21、22也以在车宽方向上夹着应急电池单元24的形式排布。由此,能够有效地保护应急电池单元24。

Claims (6)

1.一种车辆,其特征在于包括:
电气负载;
第一电池,其电气地连接至所述电气负载;
第二电池,其与所述第一电池并联地电气地连接至所述电气负载,在所述车辆的俯视图中,所述第二电池比所述第一电池更靠近所述车辆的中心;
开关,其被配置为仅将所述第一电池和所述第二电池中的所述第一电池与所述电气负载电气断开;
控制器,其被配置为基于检测到所述车辆的碰撞或检测到所述第一电池的异常而打开所述开关;
座椅;以及
在车宽方向上的框架构件,其被构造为支撑所述座椅,
其中,在所述车辆的侧视图中,所述第二电池被设置在与随着所述座椅的前后方向上的位置调节的所述框架构件的可移动范围不重叠的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其特征在于,在所述车辆的所述俯视图中,所述第一电池被设置在所述第二电池的在预定方向上的两侧中的每一侧。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆,其特征在于,所述预定方向是所述车辆的车宽方向。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的车辆,其特征在于:
所述第一电池和所述第二电池被容纳在单个壳体内;并且
在所述车辆的所述俯视图中,所述第二电池被设置为比所述第一电池更靠近所述壳体的中心。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的车辆,其特征在于:
所述第一电池被设置在所述车辆中的允许用于碰撞时的冲击吸收的变形的预定区域内;并且
所述第二电池被设置在所述预定区域外。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其特征在于,所述第二电池被布置为在所述车辆的前后方向上相对于所述第一电池偏移。
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