CN108310988B - 高性能pu/pvb/ff过滤膜 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高性能PU/PVB/FF过滤膜，由如下组分经溶液混合而得：聚氨酯/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛10‑25份；N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺75‑90份；450℃～600℃条件下碳化羽毛纤维1份。将聚氨酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺、碳化羽毛纤维加入到三口瓶中，持续搅拌至得到完全溶解均匀的铸膜液；在真空干燥箱中进行脱泡处理后，在干燥洁净的玻璃板上用自制刮膜器刮制厚度均匀的铸膜液并立即浸入去离子水中；铸膜液分相成膜后，在蒸馏水中浸泡一定时间后，再用清水将膜表面的溶剂洗净，将膜浸泡在丙三醇溶液中一段时间后取出自然晾干。所述过滤膜具有优良的组合特性，即较好的成膜性能、高透气性。本发明的制备工艺简单易操作、生产过程较为简便，易于生产实现。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于PU膜生产领域，涉及PU膜的性能改进，尤其是一种高性能PU/PVB/FF过滤膜。
背景技术
随着工业的进一步发展，水和大气污染更严重，这就要求人们提高处理净化能力，这使得膜分离技术在环境工程中的地位越来越突出。应用膜分离技术处理工业废水，废气已被证明是有效的，在许多废水处理中膜分离技术可以实现闭环，在消除污染的同时将废物转化为宝藏，获得更大的经济效益和社会效益。膜分离技术虽然广泛应用于化工行业，但化工生产中，污染越发严重，很多化学废液难以处理完全，对膜的性能要求也越来越高，因此需要开发出广泛的化学生产膜材料。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种制备工艺简单，易于实现工业化的高性能PU/PVB/FF过滤膜的配方及制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明公开一种PU/PVB/FF过滤膜，包括如下重量份数的组分：
聚氨酯与聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的混合物 10-25份
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 75-90份
不同温度条件下碳化羽毛纤维 1份
聚氨酯与聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的混合物中聚氨酯：聚乙烯醇缩丁醛为95：5～75：25。
所述聚氨酯为5290挤出级聚酯型聚氨酯。
所述碳化羽毛纤维的碳化温度为450℃，500℃，550℃，600℃。
本发明还提供了高通透性PU/PVB/FF微孔膜的生产方法，由以下步骤组成：
第一步：将N,N-二甲基甲酰胺75-90份，聚氨酯与聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的混合物10-25份，不同温度条件下碳化的羽毛纤维1份在60℃下搅拌混合均匀，真空脱泡。
第二步：在干燥洁净的玻璃板刮制厚度均匀的铸膜液并立即浸入去离子水中，铸膜液分相成膜后，在去离子水中浸泡24h至膜自动从玻璃板上脱落，再将制得的膜用清水将膜表面的溶剂洗净。
第三步：将膜浸泡在体积分数为50％丙三醇溶液中，48小时候后取出自然晾干。
羽毛具有独特的中空结构，表明其吸附力比木材强，而其蛋白质成分决定其分解速率比聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料和塑料高得多。将FF进行加热，不仅可以强化蛋白质的结构，还会形成多孔结构，比表面积增大。
本发明的优点和有益效果：
本发明所制备的不同温度条件下碳化羽毛纤维改性的聚氨酯/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛共混膜不仅具有较高的成膜动力学，同时该膜还具有较高透气性，因此在过滤膜的研究方面又开辟了新途径。本发明所述制备方法简单，更容易实现工业化，具有商业价值。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作详细的说明
实施例：
将N,N-二甲基甲酰胺80份；聚氨酯与聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的混合物20份；450℃～600℃温度条件下的碳化羽毛纤维1份加入三口烧瓶中，在60℃下高速搅拌混合均匀，真空脱泡。在干燥洁净的玻璃板用自制刮膜器刮制厚度均匀的铸膜液并立即浸入去离子水中，铸膜液分相成膜后，在去离子水中浸泡24小时至膜自动从玻璃板上脱落，再用清水将膜表面的溶剂洗净。最后将膜浸泡在体积分数为50％丙三醇溶液中，48小时候后取出自然晾干。
使用自制的膜动力学测试仪，时间间隔为0.1S，串口波特率为115200，在所测数据中选取3秒内的电压值进行电压与时间的线性拟合，斜率即为成膜动力学，测试结果列于表1；
采用德国普罗美特有限公司的POROLUX1000型毛细流孔径仪，设定测试压力为1bar，测定每分钟内N2气体透过一定面积样品膜的体积.测试结果列于表2：
表1不同温度碳化处理下的PU/PVB/FF过滤膜成膜动力学
表2不同温度碳化处理下的PU/PVB/FF过滤膜透气性
以上所述的仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1. 一种高性能PU/PVB/FF过滤膜，包括如下重量份数的组分：
聚氨酯/ 聚乙烯醇缩丁醛混合物 10-25份
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 75-90份
碳化羽毛纤维 1份；
制备方法包括如下步骤：
第一步：将N,N-二甲基甲酰胺75-90份，聚氨酯/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛混合物10-25份，碳化羽毛纤维1份在50~80℃水浴锅中搅拌混合均匀，真空脱泡；
第二步：铸膜液分相成膜后，在蒸馏水中浸泡一定时间后，再用清水将膜表面的溶剂洗净;
第三步：将膜浸泡在丙三醇溶液中一段时间后取出自然晾干；
所述的聚氨酯/ 聚乙烯醇缩丁醛混合物中聚氨酯与聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的质量比为95：5~75：25；
所述聚氨酯为5290挤出级聚酯型聚氨酯；
所述的碳化羽毛纤维的碳化温度为450℃，500℃，550℃或600℃。
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