CN108295119A - Special pest repellant of a kind of largemouth bass cultivation and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special pest repellant of a kind of largemouth bass cultivation and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108295119A CN108295119A CN201810255645.8A CN201810255645A CN108295119A CN 108295119 A CN108295119 A CN 108295119A CN 201810255645 A CN201810255645 A CN 201810255645A CN 108295119 A CN108295119 A CN 108295119A
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 241001125889 Micropterus salmoides Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- -1 Lactone compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/58—Meliaceae (Chinaberry or Mahogany family), e.g. Azadirachta (neem)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/06—Fungi, e.g. yeasts
- A61K36/07—Basidiomycota, e.g. Cryptococcus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/28—Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster or Sunflower family), e.g. chamomile, feverfew, yarrow or echinacea
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/48—Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
- A61K36/489—Sophora, e.g. necklacepod or mamani
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
- A61K2236/331—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using water, e.g. cold water, infusion, tea, steam distillation or decoction
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/50—Methods involving additional extraction steps
- A61K2236/53—Liquid-solid separation, e.g. centrifugation, sedimentation or crystallization
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to veterinary drug technical fields, and in particular to special pest repellant of a kind of largemouth bass cultivation and preparation method thereof；Its active ingredient includes following component：Lactone compound, flavone compound, alkaloid compound, Omphalin and toosendanin；Pest repellant provided by the invention specifically for the constitution of Micropterus salmonoides, parasite species, the state of an illness and develop, have the characteristics that environmentally friendly noresidue, effect are good, efficient.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to veterinary drug technical fields, and in particular to special pest repellant of a kind of largemouth bass cultivation and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Largemouth bass scientific name Micropterus salmoides (Micropterus salmoides), originates in North America, is subordinate on taxology
In Perciformes, Sunfishes, sea bass category, it is typical carnivorous freshwater fish, is one of most important game fishes in the U.S..20 generation
The eighties record from external introduction and obtains the success of cultivation, breeding.
Micropterus salmonoides are stronger to disease resistance, the less illness of when cultivation.But pipe is supported improper sometimes, also there is fish disease.
The disease caused by needle worm parasitism, parasitic site are mainly dorsal fin or abdomeinal fin base portion tail end, and affected part is often accompanied by extravasated blood, sick fish
Appetite is slightly worse.Therapy is to have caught sick fish, and needle worm is taken out, and medication sterilizes wound.Water is changed in acceleration, can prevent sick climing here
Prolong.Such method needs handle sick fish one by one, less efficient.
And currently, sterilized in largemouth bass breeding process based on the often desinsection and pest repellant with chemicals, such as formaldehyde, she
Tie up rhzomorph, avermectin, mebendazole etc., although having certain insecticidal effect, due to the harm to Micropterus salmonoides compared with
Greatly, careless slightly it will cause death, and have residual, greatly restrict the sound development of largemouth bass cultivation industry.Therefore,
In the parasite pest control of largemouth bass cultivation, explore some environmentally friendly noresidues, effect is good, efficient pharmaceutical preparation it is non-
It is often important.
Middle medicinal herbs are considered as a kind of one of direction for having and substituting traditional chemical drug class pest repellant, but due to Chinese herbal medicine sheet
Body is plant component, and most of effective ingredient is inside cell wall, and therefore, traditional pulvis disinfection of Chinese drug effect is undesirable.Such as
What is small using Chinese herbal medicine toxic side effect, this advantage of drug residue free, and exploitation is a kind of to be absorbed soon, and eutherapeutic Chinese medicine preparation is very
It is necessary to.The present invention is by Chinese herbal medicine of the screening with desinsection and anthelmintic action, by scientific compatibility, finally after tanning,
It is made into aqua, the effective active composition of the Chinese medicine pest repellant can inhibit and kill parasite, and not will produce medicament residue, make
It is relatively low with cost.
Chinese invention patent application number provides a kind of snakeheaded fish parasitic disease for the treatment of for 201510929513.5 application
Chinese medicine, it discloses a kind of Chinese medicines for treating snakeheaded fish parasitic disease, including 10-15 parts of Chinese torreyanut, 5-10 parts of Chinese yam, Medicated Leaven 5-10
Part, 5-10 parts of betel nut, 5-10 parts of stone-like omphalia, 10-15 parts of the fruit of Rangoon creeper, 10-15 parts of vomiting nut, 5-10 parts of illiciumverum.This prior art
It has the advantages and positive effects of：It is matched by rational Chinese medicine, plays good treatment booster action, it is dead to reduce snakeheaded fish
Rate is died, while avoiding antibiotic residue caused by Western medicine.
The fish being directed in this technology are snakeheaded fish, and snakeheaded fish has extremely strong vitality and the adaptability to environment,
Either lake, reservoir, rivers and creeks, gully, small reservoir or paddy field, channel, or even connect general fish and be difficult to the marsh survived, ponding
Pool, hollow water hole etc. can grow, multiply.The main disease of snakeheaded fish has：Fulminant hemorrhage, bacterial gill and parasitics gill rot
Disease.Fulminant hemorrhage, often hair is in 7-8 month high temperature seasons, and morbidity is anxious, dead more, often in phenomenon of dying of a sudden illness.Sick flap is loose,
There are the bleeding striped of vertical fish body side line in pectoral fin base portion, abdomen hyperemia inflammation, body wall both sides, some sick fish bodies have eye socket, muscle
Congested phenomenon.Treatment is carried out using the method for oral administration being combined with external application.It is for oral administration to pacify 4 kilograms of systems by by 1000kg feeds fish blood
At bait feeding, 5 days as a treatment course are used in conjunction；The drugs such as hundred poison of external application disappears, potent killing glycolylurea are to water body, food platform, fishing gear etc.
It carries out disinfection.Fin rot：There are bacterial gill and parasitics fin rot.The main distinction of the two symptom is：Bacterial gill rot disease
The sick fish of disease peels off swims slowly in the water surface, is not afraid of scaring, and branchial plate is in canescence, some local necrosises；The sick fish of parasitics fin rot
Action is in lather shape, alters trip phenomenon, branchial plate is congested red and swollen, and has corrosion phenomenon.The therapy of bacterial gill
It is identical as fulminant hemorrhage.Treatment to parasitics fin rot is first killed with the drugs full pool spilling head such as trichlorphon parasitic
Worm was disappeared again with hundred poison every two days and waits sterilizings class drug full pool spilling head, to prevent the wound secondary infection of parasitic sting.
From it is above-mentioned to snakeheaded fish the characteristics of, disease and therapeutic scheme it is found that snakeheaded fish vitality is very strong, but symptom is more when having an attack of one's old illness
Ferociousness, carrying out responding well to treatment to it using Western medicine preparation, fast, loss is small, and larger harm will not be caused to snakeheaded fish health.California
Perch is different from snakeheaded fish, and disease symptom is gentle, and the vitality of largemouth bass is strong not as snakeheaded fish, therefore it is suitble to use Chinese medicine
Preparation for treating.
The above-mentioned prior art is researched and developed for snakeheaded fish constitution, not due to the constitution of Micropterus salmonoides and snakeheaded fish, parasite, the state of an illness
Together, therefore the above-mentioned prior art does not provide the technical inspiration for treating largemouth bass parasitic disease.
Invention content
To solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of largemouth bass to cultivate special pest repellant, special needle
To the constitution of Micropterus salmonoides, parasite species, the state of an illness and develop, have the characteristics that environmentally friendly noresidue, effect are good, efficient.This
The another object of invention is to provide the preparation method of the pest repellant.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of special pest repellant of largemouth bass cultivation, effectively
Ingredient includes following component：Lactone compound, flavone compound, alkaloid compound, Omphalin and toosendanin；It is described
Lactone compound extracts from the fruit of Rangoon creeper and Lappula echinata, and the flavone compound extracts from the fruit of Rangoon creeper；The alkaloids chemical combination
Object extracts from kuh-seng；The Omphalin extracts from stone-like omphalia；The toosendanin extracts from azedarach；The parts by weight of the Chinese medicine
For：1-5 parts of the fruit of Rangoon creeper, 1-5 parts of kuh-seng, 1-10 parts of stone-like omphalia, 1-10 parts of Lappula echinata, 1-10 parts of azedarach.
The preparation method of above-mentioned pest repellant, includes the following steps：
Step 1：It weighs the fruit of Rangoon creeper, kuh-seng, stone-like omphalia, Lappula echinata and azedarach respectively according to parts by weight, crushes, mixing；
Step 2：The mixture that step 1 is obtained, is soaked, and is decocted, collecting decoction, is concentrated, and filtering, filtrate is closed
And impurity is dispelled using ethyl alcohol alcohol deposition method after cooling and cultivate Chinese medicine special pest repellant to get to largemouth bass.
Optimization, it is crushed using Lowtemperaturepulverizer in step 1, is crushed to herbal raw material and is all filtered by 80 mesh
Sieve.
Optimization, the concrete operations soaked and decocted in step 2 include：The mixture that step 1 is obtained, adds water
It is decocted three times after impregnating 2 hours, every time plus water weight is 1.5 times of medicinal material total weight, is respectively decocted 2 hours.
Optimization, it is 1.04g/mL or more that density is concentrated into step 2.
Optimization, the concrete operations that ethyl alcohol alcohol precipitation is dispelled in step 2 include：After filtrate merging under stiring, it is slowly added to second
Alcohol, make ethyl alcohol weight account for gross weight 35% after place 3 hours, filter, collect solid to get to largemouth bass cultivation Chinese medicine special drive
Worm agent.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1. in the pest repellant of prevention largemouth bass parasitic disease, lactone compound includes in fruit of Rangoon creeper's lactone and Lappula echinata
Ester type compound, fruit of Rangoon creeper's lactone are one of most effective drive ascarid medicines in Chinese medicine, and Chinese medicine carpesia-lactone class compound has fine
Pest-resistant effect；Also contain flavone compound in the fruit of Rangoon creeper, it may have very strong anthelminthic effect；Alkaloid is carried using kuh-seng
Object is taken, in vitro experiments have shown that there is very strong pest-resistant effect, and has inhibiting effect to tubercle bacillus and dermatophyte；Omphalin carries
It is derived from stone-like omphalia, there is anthelmintic action in vitro experiment, and this effect has a degree of enhancing with the increase of drug dose；It is bitter
Chinaberry skin extracts from toosendanin, can penetrate parasite epidermis, upset its energetic supersession, lead to contraction fatigue and spasm.This hair
The pest repellant of bright offer all extracts from Chinese medicine specifically for largemouth bass development, component, can be effective by scientific matching
Inhibit and kill parasite, has no toxic side effect, less will produce medicament residue, easy to use, cost is relatively low, is that one kind is not easy to produce
The pest repellant of the prevention largemouth bass cultivation parasitic disease of raw drug resistance.
2. pest repellant provided by the invention has the common parasitics such as largemouth bass Dactylogyrus, Trichodina, oblique tube insect worm very strong
Killing and inhibiting effect, reduce the abuse of pest control with insecticide medicine, for largemouth bass green ecological cultivation open a new situation.
3. being crushed using Lowtemperaturepulverizer in step 1, it is -15-0 DEG C to crush temperature, can be ensured in Chinese medicine material
Active ingredient be not destroyed, keep its effect, if be not controlled to temperature, crush start when be room temperature, powder
Since violent friction and shearing force can make temperature of charge rise during broken, active ingredient is destroyed so that effect reduces.
4. preparation method provided by the invention first mixes Chinese medicine material, then carried using easy water, the side of alcohol precipitation
Each active ingredient can be extracted by two steps and be obtained by method, and preparation method is simple, easy to operate, easy to spread.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in further detail by following embodiment.It should be noted that following embodiments are illustrative, it is not
It is limited, protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited with following embodiments.The raw material fruit of Rangoon creeper, kuh-seng in the present invention,
Stone-like omphalia, Lappula echinata and azedarach can be commercially available on the market.
Embodiment 1
Largemouth bass provided by the invention cultivate special pest repellant, the Chinese medicine material used and its weight for：The fruit of Rangoon creeper
13g, kuh-seng 25g, stone-like omphalia 25g, Lappula echinata 25g, azedarach 17g.
The step of preparation method of the pest repellant is：
Step 1：It weighs the fruit of Rangoon creeper, kuh-seng, stone-like omphalia, Lappula echinata and azedarach respectively according to weight proportion, utilizes low-temperature grinding
Machine crushes, and herbal raw material all crosses 80 mesh, is stirred
Step 2：It by each mixture, is decocted three times after soaking two hours, each amount of water is the 1.5 of medicinal material total amount
Times, each to decoct 2 hours, collecting decoction, it is 1.04 or more to be concentrated into density, and filtering, filtrate merges, and ethyl alcohol alcohol precipitation is used after cooling
Dispel impurity, that is, be added slowly with stirring ethyl alcohol, ethanol content is made to reach 35%, rear to place 3 hours, filtration, recycling to get
The pest repellant finished product of parasitic disease is cultivated to largemouth bass.
Active ingredient includes the lactone compound and flavones that water is carried and purified from the fruit of Rangoon creeper in the finished product
Class compound；The lactone compound that water is carried and purified from Lappula echinata；The alkaloid compound that water is carried and purified from kuh-seng；
The Omphalin that water is carried and purified from stone-like omphalia；The toosendanin for carrying and purifying from China tree tare weight water.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment and embodiment 1 difference lies in：Chinese medicine that the present embodiment uses and its weight for：Fruit of Rangoon creeper 18g,
Kuh-seng 20g, stone-like omphalia 23g, Lappula echinata 22g, azedarach 17g.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment and embodiment 1 difference lies in：Chinese medicine that the present embodiment uses and its weight for：Fruit of Rangoon creeper 27g,
Kuh-seng 16g, stone-like omphalia 10g, Lappula echinata 23g, azedarach 24g.
Comparative example 1：
The pest repellant that this comparative example provides, the Chinese medicine material used and its weight for：Kuh-seng 25g, stone-like omphalia 25g, Lappula echinata
25g, azedarach 17g.
Comparative example 2
The pest repellant that this comparative example provides, the Chinese medicine material used and its weight for：Fruit of Rangoon creeper 18g, kuh-seng 20g, thunder
Ball 23g, Lappula echinata 22g.
Comparative example 3
The pest repellant that this comparative example provides, the Chinese medicine material used and its weight for：Fruit of Rangoon creeper 27g, kuh-seng 16g, crane
Lice 23g, azedarach 24g.
Now the weight content of Chinese medicine material in embodiment and comparative example is listed in Table 1, is compared.
Table 1
Clinical test is carried out using above-described embodiment 1-3 and comparative example the 1-3 pest repellant provided：- 2017 years in April, 2017
June carries out product release experiment in the largemouth bass cultivation base of Shunde District, Fushan City, Guangdong Province three, apparent parasite disease is occurring
Three farms of disease, choose that 6 pieces of state of an illness, largemouth bass growth phase, fish pond is tested similar in breeding environment, respectively will be real
The pest repellant that a 1-3 and comparative example 1-3 are provided is applied, the ethanol solution of the composition of desinsection containing Chinese herbal medicine is configured according to preparation process, is pressed
It is used according to 250mL/ mus of rice, the full pool is splashed, and is used continuously, is observed the health status of largemouth bass and be recorded in table 2.
Table 2
After being compared by upper table it is found that using 2-3 using pest repellant provided in an embodiment of the present invention, due to parasitic infection
The caused phenomena of mortality significantly reduce, and effectively can reach 95% or more, are better than comparative example.The testing surface present invention can effectively prevent
Largemouth bass parasitic disease is controlled, and the ability of the anti parasitic disease of Micropterus salmonoides can be increased.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of largemouth bass cultivates special pest repellant, it is characterised in that：Its active ingredient includes following component：Lactone chemical combination
Object, flavone compound, alkaloid compound, Omphalin and toosendanin；The lactone compound extract from the fruit of Rangoon creeper and
Lappula echinata, the flavone compound extract from the fruit of Rangoon creeper；The alkaloid compound extracts from kuh-seng；The Omphalin extraction
From stone-like omphalia；The toosendanin extracts from azedarach；The parts by weight of the Chinese medicine are：1-5 parts of the fruit of Rangoon creeper, 1-5 parts of kuh-seng, stone-like omphalia
1-10 parts, 1-10 parts of Lappula echinata, 1-10 parts of azedarach.
2. the preparation method of pest repellant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
Step 1：It weighs the fruit of Rangoon creeper, kuh-seng, stone-like omphalia, Lappula echinata and azedarach respectively according to parts by weight, crushes, mixing；
Step 2：The mixture that step 1 is obtained, is soaked, and is decocted, collecting decoction, is concentrated, and filtering, filtrate merges, cold
But impurity is dispelled using ethyl alcohol alcohol deposition method cultivate Chinese medicine special pest repellant to get to largemouth bass afterwards.
3. the preparation method of pest repellant according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：In step 1 using Lowtemperaturepulverizer into
Row crushes, and is crushed to herbal raw material all by 80 mesh screens.
4. the preparation method of pest repellant according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：It soaks and decocts in step 2
Concrete operations include：The mixture that step 1 is obtained decocts three times after soaking 2 hours, and every time plus water weight is medicinal material
1.5 times of total weight, it is each to decoct 2 hours.
5. the preparation method of pest repellant according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Density is concentrated into step 2 is
More than 1.04g/mL.
6. the preparation method of the pest repellant according to claim 2-5 any one, it is characterised in that：Ethyl alcohol alcohol in step 2
The heavy concrete operations dispelled include：Filtrate merge after under stiring, be slowly added to ethyl alcohol, make ethyl alcohol weight account for gross weight 35% after put
It sets 3 hours, filters, collect solid and cultivate Chinese medicine special pest repellant to get to largemouth bass.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109106758A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-01-01 | 朱林 | A kind of Chinese herbal medicine for aquaculture desinsection |
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Application publication date: 20180720 |