CN112007135A - Natural botanical insecticide for aquatic products and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Natural botanical insecticide for aquatic products and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
- A61K36/906—Zingiberaceae (Ginger family)
- A61K36/9068—Zingiber, e.g. garden ginger
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/26—Meliaceae [Chinaberry or Mahogany family], e.g. mahogany, langsat or neem
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A61K31/343—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide condensed with a carbocyclic ring, e.g. coumaran, bufuralol, befunolol, clobenfurol, amiodarone
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Abstract
The invention discloses a natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aquatic product medicines. Comprises a drug effect component and a slow release component; the mass ratio of the drug effect component to the sustained-release component is 1: (0.1-1); the active ingredients comprise 20-30 parts of dried ginger, 5-10 parts of pomegranate bark, 15-25 parts of quisqualis indica, 1-5 parts of radix stemonae, 5-10 parts of pepper bark, 1-5 parts of chinaberry extract, 1-5 parts of platycladus orientalis extract, 1-5 parts of eucalyptus leaf extract and 5-10 parts of celastrus angulatus. The pesticide of the invention greatly improves the insecticidal effect and shortens the insecticidal time by the specific matching of the main insecticidal action component and the auxiliary insecticidal component; the formula is simplified, and the cost is greatly saved; the natural plant source is adopted as the pesticide, so that the pesticide resistance is not generated, the physical and chemical properties are stable, and the environment is protected. The pesticide has a pesticide effect lasting period of 30-40 days, and greatly prolongs the service life of the pesticide, so that the use times and the use amount of the pesticide in aquaculture are reduced, and the yield and the quality of aquatic products are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic products, in particular to a natural botanical insecticide for aquatic products and a preparation method of the natural botanical insecticide for aquatic products.
Background
The parasitic diseases are the most common diseases in the aquaculture at present, have the characteristics of quick transmission, wide harm and great control difficulty, and mainly damage the aquaculture animals by destroying tissues and respiratory systems of the aquaculture animals and absorbing nutrient substances in the aquaculture animals, so that the meat quality of the aquaculture animals is reduced and even die, and huge economic loss is brought to the aquaculture industry. The main parasites in aquatic products are cryptotrichum gills, ciliates, trichodina, dactylogyrus, siphonostegia, ichthyophthirius multifiliis, schistosomiasis sinensis, clonorchis sinensis, cryptocaryon irritans and the like. Although more measures are taken for preventing and treating fish parasitic diseases at present, the method for preventing and treating the fish parasitic diseases and the drug use are required to meet the requirements of green food, and the principle of 'prevention is mainly, actively and cautiously used' is always adhered to. The currently used environment-friendly pesticide is mainly Youmalin, can treat parasitic diseases such as ichthyophthirius multifiliis, syphon cantonensis, trichodina and the like, has an antibacterial and disinfection effect, belongs to a high-efficiency and pollution-free drug for treating parasitic diseases, and can be safely used in green aquaculture. The product is a compound preparation for preventing and treating fish parasitic diseases, which is developed aiming at the parasitic diseases in green aquaculture; mainly treats fish diseases caused by parasites such as spider, dactylogyrus, ichthyophthirius multifiliis, sinergsilnaea, lernaea, shortleaf kyllinga and the like; the dosage is small, the effect is quick, the pollution to water is avoided, and the toxic and side effects on fish bodies are avoided; the method is widely applicable to various sea and fresh water fishes, including various famous aquatic products such as eel, pomfret, mandarin fish, weever and the like which are very sensitive to organophosphorus medicaments such as trichlorfon and the like, and the green cultivation can be safely used. Optionally, Chinese herbal medicine pesticide such as cortex Meliae, herba Artemisiae Annuae, Arecae semen, etc., can be sprinkled after soaking. And preparations such as 'fish feeding good' and the like can be selected, so that the parasite invasion can be safely and effectively treated. Publication No. CN107969445A discloses a Chinese herbal medicine pesticide, which mainly comprises: 35-45 parts of chinaberry, 25-35 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 25-35 parts of Chinese sweetgum leaf, 20-30 parts of polygonum flaccidum, 15-25 parts of cortex acanthopanacis, 15-25 parts of pomegranate rind, 10-20 parts of big tea leaves, 10-20 parts of ginger, 5-10 parts of radix stemonae, 3-6 parts of cyrtomium rhizome, 2-5 parts of schizonepeta and 4-8 parts of caulis perllae. The addition of chinaberry, lightyellow sophora root, pomegranate bark, ginger and stemona root which have great insecticidal effect has slow effect and large dosage of the drug. And the duration of the drug effect is short, generally the effect is 7 days, the parasite is easy to relapse, and the sterilization effect is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a natural botanical insecticide for aquatic products, which mainly solves the problems of large dosage, poor effect and short duration of drug effect of the existing botanical insecticide for aquatic products.
Furthermore, the invention also provides a preparation method of the natural botanical pesticide for the aquatic products.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products comprises a drug effect component and a slow release component, wherein the slow release component is attapulgite; the mass ratio of the drug effect component to the sustained-release component is 1: (0.1-1); the pharmacodynamic components comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of dried ginger, 5-10 parts of pomegranate bark, 15-25 parts of quisqualis indica, 1-5 parts of radix stemonae, 5-10 parts of pepper bark, 1-5 parts of chinaberry extract, 1-5 parts of platycladus orientalis extract, 1-5 parts of eucalyptus leaf extract and 5-10 parts of celastrus angulatus.
Further, the pharmacodynamic components comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of dried ginger, 8-10 parts of pomegranate bark, 20-25 parts of quisqualis indica, 2-4 parts of radix stemonae, 6-8 parts of pepper bark, 2-3 parts of chinaberry extract, 1-2 parts of platycladus orientalis extract, 2-3 parts of eucalyptus leaf extract and 5-8 parts of celastrus angulatus.
Further, the pharmacodynamic components comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 26-28 parts of dried ginger, 9-10 parts of pomegranate bark, 22-25 parts of quisqualis indica, 2-3 parts of radix stemonae, 6-8 parts of pepper bark, 2-2.5 parts of chinaberry extract, 1.5-2 parts of arborvitae extract, 2-3 parts of eucalyptus leaf extract and 6-8 parts of celastrus angulatus.
Further, the pharmacodynamic components comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 27 parts of dried ginger, 9 parts of pomegranate bark, 23 parts of quisqualis indica, 3 parts of radix stemonae, 8 parts of pepper bark, 2.5 parts of chinaberry tree extract, 2 parts of platycladus orientalis extract, 2.5 parts of eucalyptus leaf extract and 8 parts of celastrus angulatus.
Further, the chinaberry extract is chinaberry ethanol extract dry powder; the arborvitae extract is arborvitae ethanol extract dry powder; the folium Eucalypti Globueli extract is dry powder of folium Eucalypti Globueli ethanol extract.
Further, the mass ratio of the pharmacodynamic component to the sustained-release component is 1: (0.1-0.5).
Preferably, the mass ratio of the drug effect component to the sustained-release component is 1: 0.3.
the invention relates to a preparation method of a natural plant pesticide for aquatic products, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the dried ginger, the pomegranate rind, the quisqualis indica, the radix stemonae and the chilli rind according to the parts by weight, adding the slow-release component attapulgite, fully mixing, adding deionized water, grinding, and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain slurry;
(2) and (2) drying the slurry obtained in the step (1) in vacuum, and then fully mixing the dried slurry with the chinaberry extract, the platycladus orientalis extract, the eucalyptus leaf extract and the celastrus angulatus.
Further, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the deionized water added and mixed in the step (1) is 1 (1-2).
Further, the temperature of vacuum drying in the step (2) is 45-60 ℃.
Gan Jiang is cold in nature and toxic in toxicity, and its main action of killing parasites is. The ginger essential oil is pungent and hot in taste and can kill bacteria, the ginger essential oil has a tendency of inhibiting nerve centers, the mice can die due to respiratory paralysis, the metabolism of insect pests can be inhibited, and the efficacy of the pesticide is promoted.
Pomegranate rind contains a great amount of mixed substances and alkaloids, has antibacterial and antiviral effects, and can inhibit respiration after insect poisoning to achieve anthelmintic effect.
The rangooncreeper fruit has an insect expelling effect, contains potassium quisqualis and pyridine, and has a better effect when being mixed with the stemona root by conventional insect expelling compatibility. Also has antibacterial effect.
Stemona root, radix Stemonae, has the effects of dispelling heat and relieving exterior syndrome. Radix Stemonae has effects of moistening without dryness, clearing away heat, lowering qi, clearing lung heat, relieving exterior syndrome, and can be used for treating skin scabies, eczema, psoriasis, yellow swelling, dermatitis, eczema, etc., and killing parasites and louse. According to the record of the book Bencao Xin Shu Huo of Qing Dynasty medical science, radix Stemonae is beneficial to human beings to kill parasites without losing qi and blood, but the effect can be achieved only by a little large amount of the required insecticide. It is externally used for treating head louse, body louse, enterobiasis, pudendum pruritus, ascariasis, etc.
The chilli skin can kill insects and detoxify as recorded in food taboo, and the chilli contains capsaicin and has efficient antibacterial and insecticidal effects.
The melia azedarach extract is mainly an ethanol extract, is bitter and cold and toxic, can clear heat and dry dampness, kill parasites and relieve itching, and has certain treatment effects on scabies, tinea capitis, tinea corporis, eczema and the like. The cortex Meliae ethanol extractive solution has different degrees of inhibiting effects on various pathogenic fungi, and also has effects of paralysis of insect nerve, and reducing activity and metabolism of insect.
The arborvitae extract describes that resin juice secreted by a burned trunk treats scabies, baldness sores, impetigo, erysipelas, detoxifies and kills parasites in Tibetan medicines.
The eucalyptus leaf extract has the effects of sterilizing, disinfecting, killing parasites and relieving itching, has a certain anesthetic effect on insects, and has a certain insect expelling effect on the odor emitted by volatile oil.
Celastrus angulatus is an active component separated from Celastrus angulatus, and the insecticidal active component of Celastrus angulatus has the effects of anesthesia, antifeedant, stomach toxicity and contact poisoning, and has the characteristics of no drug resistance, no natural enemy killing, stable physicochemical properties and the like.
The main components playing the main insecticidal effect in the invention are dried ginger, celastrus angulatus, chinaberry, quisqualis indica and stemona, and the dried ginger has the inhibition effect on the nerve center of pests. The celastrus angulatus can produce effects of anesthesia, food refusal, stomach toxicity and contact killing, and efficiently and stably kills pests. The melia azedarach extract is toxic and can paralyze insect nerves, reduce insect activity and metabolism and achieve the aim of killing insects. The fructus quisqualis and radix Stemonae can be used together, and has pesticidal effect and reduced dosage. The main insecticidal efficacy components in the invention are mutually synergistic through specific proportion, so that the insecticidal effect can be greatly improved, pests can lose activity in a shorter time, hosts cannot be successfully searched, parasite morbidity and mortality of aquatic animals are reduced, and the yield and quality of aquatic products are improved. The dry ginger, the chinaberry tree, the rangooncreeper fruit and the stemona root aim at different pest types and subjects, so that the pest control effect achieved by using the composition singly is single, and the range is small. The invention can enlarge the range of insect pest killing species through a plurality of combinations, and has wider application range.
According to the invention, by a specific ratio, on the premise of the existing conventional insecticidal components of dried ginger, pomegranate rind, rangooncreeper fruit and chinaberry, the extracts of platycladus orientalis and eucalyptus, radix stemonae, capsicum skin and celastrus angulatus are added. The arborvitae and eucalyptus extracts are mainly used as auxiliary effects, have the insect expelling effect, reduce the aggregation and regeneration of pests, have the killing effect on larvae and ova by colleagues, also have a certain nerve paralysis effect on adults, reduce the enzymatic decomposition and the biological activity in the adults, weaken the metabolism and the immune system of the adults, enhance the effects of rhizoma zingiberis, celastrus angulatus, chinaberry tree, rangooncreeper fruit and radix stemonae which have the insecticidal effect in the bactericide, and improve the pest killing rate.
The invention also adds a slow release component, wherein the slow release component mainly comprises attapulgite which is a viscous mineral and has an intermediate structure between a chain structure and a layered structure, and the slow release component has the advantages of large specific surface area, strong adsorbability and good compatibility. In the prior art, attapulgite is used as a suspending agent and a carrier of pesticide, so that the pesticide effect can be prolonged, the shelf life is long, and the production cost of the pesticide is reduced. But most of the attapulgite is directly added and mixed, and part of the drug effect components and the attapulgite are mixed and ground in the preparation method, so that the materials can reach powder, and in addition, most of volatile substances can be fully adsorbed into the attapulgite in the grinding process, so that volatile components are locked, and the attapulgite has certain effects of sterilization, insect expelling, sterilization and insect killing. Meanwhile, the pharmacodynamic components are modified, so that the contact area between the pharmacodynamic components and the outside is changed, the pharmacodynamic effects of the pharmacodynamic components are slowly acted, and the effect of prolonging the pharmacodynamic effects is achieved. Reduces the hygroscopicity of the effective components and prevents the deterioration of the effective components.
The natural botanical insecticide for the aquatic products and the preparation method thereof have the beneficial effects that:
(1) the pesticide of the invention greatly improves the insecticidal effect and shortens the insecticidal time by the specific matching of the main insecticidal action component and the auxiliary insecticidal component; the formula is simplified, and the cost is greatly saved.
(2) The invention adopts natural plant source as insecticide, which does not generate drug resistance; stable physical and chemical properties, and environmental protection.
(3) The insecticide of the invention can continue the pesticide effect by adding the attapulgite and grinding the sensitive in the preparation method, the pesticide effect duration is 30-40 days, and the service life of the insecticide is greatly prolonged, so that the use times and the use amount of the pesticide are reduced, the aquatic product is more environment-friendly, and the culture environment is further protected.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products comprises pharmacodynamic component and sustained-release component, wherein the sustained-release component is attapulgite; the mass ratio of the drug effect component to the sustained-release component is 1: 0.1;
in the embodiment, the pharmacodynamic components comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of dried ginger, 10 parts of pomegranate bark, 25 parts of quisqualis indica, 5 parts of radix stemonae, 10 parts of pepper bark, 5 parts of chinaberry tree extract, 5 parts of platycladus orientalis extract, 5 parts of eucalyptus leaf extract and 10 parts of celastrus angulatus.
In this embodiment, the neem extract is a dry powder of an ethanol extract of neem;
in this embodiment, the arborvitae extract is arborvitae ethanol extract dry powder;
in this embodiment, the eucalyptus leaf extract is an ethanol extract dry powder of eucalyptus leaves.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the dried ginger, the pomegranate rind, the quisqualis indica, the radix stemonae and the chilli rind according to the weight parts, adding the slow-release component attapulgite, fully mixing, adding deionized water, and grinding; the solid-to-liquid ratio of the deionized water to the mixture is 1:1, grinding for 10min, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain slurry;
(2) and (2) drying the slurry obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 60 ℃ in vacuum, and then fully mixing the slurry with the chinaberry extract, the platycladus orientalis extract, the eucalyptus leaf extract and the celastrus angulatus.
Example 2
A natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products comprises pharmacodynamic component and sustained-release component, wherein the sustained-release component is attapulgite; the mass ratio of the drug effect component to the sustained-release component is 1: 1;
in the embodiment, the pharmacodynamic components comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of dried ginger, 5 parts of pomegranate bark, 15 parts of quisqualis indica, 1 part of radix stemonae, 5 parts of pepper bark, 1 part of chinaberry tree extract, 1 part of platycladus orientalis extract, 1 part of eucalyptus leaf extract and 5 parts of celastrus angulatus.
In this embodiment, the neem extract is a dry powder of an ethanol extract of neem;
in this embodiment, the arborvitae extract is arborvitae ethanol extract dry powder;
in this embodiment, the eucalyptus leaf extract is an ethanol extract dry powder of eucalyptus leaves.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the dried ginger, the pomegranate rind, the quisqualis indica, the radix stemonae and the chilli rind according to the weight parts, adding the slow-release component attapulgite, fully mixing, adding deionized water, and grinding; the solid-to-liquid ratio of the deionized water to the mixture is 1:2, grinding for 10min, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain slurry;
(2) and (2) drying the slurry obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 60 ℃ in vacuum, and then fully mixing the slurry with the chinaberry extract, the platycladus orientalis extract, the eucalyptus leaf extract and the celastrus angulatus.
Example 3
A natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products comprises pharmacodynamic component and sustained-release component, wherein the sustained-release component is attapulgite; the mass ratio of the drug effect component to the sustained-release component is 1: 0.6;
in the embodiment, the pharmacodynamic components comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of dried ginger, 8 parts of pomegranate bark, 25 parts of quisqualis indica, 4 parts of radix stemonae, 8 parts of pepper bark, 3 parts of chinaberry tree extract, 2 parts of platycladus orientalis extract, 3 parts of eucalyptus leaf extract and 8 parts of celastrus angulatus.
In this embodiment, the neem extract is a dry powder of an ethanol extract of neem;
in this embodiment, the arborvitae extract is arborvitae ethanol extract dry powder;
in this embodiment, the eucalyptus leaf extract is an ethanol extract dry powder of eucalyptus leaves.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the dried ginger, the pomegranate rind, the quisqualis indica, the radix stemonae and the chilli rind according to the weight parts, adding the slow-release component attapulgite, fully mixing, adding deionized water, and grinding; the solid-to-liquid ratio of the deionized water to the mixture is 1:1.5, grinding is carried out for 10min, and then 200-mesh sieving is carried out to obtain slurry;
(2) and (2) drying the slurry obtained in the step (1) at 50 ℃ in vacuum, and then fully mixing the dried slurry with the chinaberry extract, the platycladus orientalis extract, the eucalyptus leaf extract and the celastrus angulatus.
Example 4
A natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products comprises pharmacodynamic component and sustained-release component, wherein the sustained-release component is attapulgite; the mass ratio of the drug effect component to the sustained-release component is 1: 0.3;
in the embodiment, the pharmacodynamic components comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of dried ginger, 10 parts of pomegranate bark, 20 parts of quisqualis indica, 2 parts of radix stemonae, 6 parts of capsicum peel, 2 parts of chinaberry tree extract, 2 parts of platycladus orientalis extract, 2 parts of eucalyptus leaf extract and 5 parts of celastrus angulatus.
In this embodiment, the neem extract is a dry powder of an ethanol extract of neem;
in this embodiment, the arborvitae extract is arborvitae ethanol extract dry powder;
in this embodiment, the eucalyptus leaf extract is an ethanol extract dry powder of eucalyptus leaves.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the dried ginger, the pomegranate rind, the quisqualis indica, the radix stemonae and the chilli rind according to the weight parts, adding the slow-release component attapulgite, fully mixing, adding deionized water, and grinding; the solid-to-liquid ratio of the deionized water to the mixture is 1:1, grinding for 10min, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain slurry;
(2) and (2) drying the slurry obtained in the step (1) at 50 ℃ in vacuum, and then fully mixing the dried slurry with the chinaberry extract, the platycladus orientalis extract, the eucalyptus leaf extract and the celastrus angulatus.
Example 5
A natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products comprises pharmacodynamic component and sustained-release component, wherein the sustained-release component is attapulgite; the mass ratio of the drug effect component to the sustained-release component is 1: 0.2;
in the embodiment, the pharmacodynamic components comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 26 parts of dried ginger, 9 parts of pomegranate bark, 22 parts of quisqualis indica, 2 parts of radix stemonae, 6 parts of capsicum skin, 2 parts of chinaberry tree extract, 1.5 parts of platycladus orientalis extract, 2 parts of eucalyptus leaf extract and 6 parts of celastrus angulatus.
In this embodiment, the neem extract is a dry powder of an ethanol extract of neem;
in this embodiment, the arborvitae extract is arborvitae ethanol extract dry powder;
in this embodiment, the eucalyptus leaf extract is an ethanol extract dry powder of eucalyptus leaves.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the dried ginger, the pomegranate rind, the quisqualis indica, the radix stemonae and the chilli rind according to the weight parts, adding the slow-release component attapulgite, fully mixing, adding deionized water, and grinding; the solid-to-liquid ratio of the deionized water to the mixture is 1:2, grinding for 10min, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain slurry;
(2) and (2) drying the slurry obtained in the step (1) at 55 ℃ in vacuum, and then fully mixing the dried slurry with the chinaberry extract, the platycladus orientalis extract, the eucalyptus leaf extract and the celastrus angulatus.
Example 6
A natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products comprises pharmacodynamic component and sustained-release component, wherein the sustained-release component is attapulgite; the mass ratio of the drug effect component to the sustained-release component is 1: 0.5;
in the embodiment, the pharmacodynamic components comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts of dried ginger, 10 parts of pomegranate bark, 20 parts of quisqualis indica, 2 parts of radix stemonae, 6 parts of capsicum skin, 2.5 parts of chinaberry tree extract, 1.5 parts of platycladus orientalis extract, 2 parts of eucalyptus leaf extract and 6 parts of celastrus angulatus.
In this embodiment, the neem extract is a dry powder of an ethanol extract of neem;
in this embodiment, the arborvitae extract is arborvitae ethanol extract dry powder;
in this embodiment, the eucalyptus leaf extract is an ethanol extract dry powder of eucalyptus leaves.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the dried ginger, the pomegranate rind, the quisqualis indica, the radix stemonae and the chilli rind according to the weight parts, adding the slow-release component attapulgite, fully mixing, adding deionized water, and grinding; the solid-to-liquid ratio of the deionized water to the mixture is 1:1, grinding for 10min, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain slurry;
(2) and (2) drying the slurry obtained in the step (1) at 55 ℃ in vacuum, and then fully mixing the dried slurry with the chinaberry extract, the platycladus orientalis extract, the eucalyptus leaf extract and the celastrus angulatus.
Example 7
A natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products comprises pharmacodynamic component and sustained-release component, wherein the sustained-release component is attapulgite; the mass ratio of the drug effect component to the sustained-release component is 1: 0.3;
in the embodiment, the pharmacodynamic components comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 27 parts of dried ginger, 9 parts of pomegranate bark, 23 parts of quisqualis indica, 3 parts of radix stemonae, 8 parts of pepper bark, 2.5 parts of chinaberry tree extract, 2 parts of platycladus orientalis extract, 2.5 parts of eucalyptus leaf extract and 8 parts of celastrus angulatus.
In this embodiment, the neem extract is a dry powder of an ethanol extract of neem;
in this embodiment, the arborvitae extract is arborvitae ethanol extract dry powder;
in this embodiment, the eucalyptus leaf extract is an ethanol extract dry powder of eucalyptus leaves.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the dried ginger, the pomegranate rind, the quisqualis indica, the radix stemonae and the chilli rind according to the weight parts, adding the slow-release component attapulgite, fully mixing, adding deionized water, and grinding; the solid-to-liquid ratio of the deionized water to the mixture is 1:1, grinding for 10min, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain slurry;
(2) and (2) drying the slurry obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 60 ℃ in vacuum, and then fully mixing the slurry with the chinaberry extract, the platycladus orientalis extract, the eucalyptus leaf extract and the celastrus angulatus.
Experiments on disinsection
The 1 region weever culture pond is found to be infected with a large amount of lernaea.
And 2, discovering the infected water melon worms in the yellow pepper breeding pond of the area 2.
And 3, a prawn culture pond. A large amount of ciliates are parasitized on the body surface of the prawns.
The insecticide in the embodiment 7 of the invention is used for killing the infected area, and simultaneously, copper sulfate, Youmalin, fish insect killing star and sophora flavescens powder are used, and the using amounts are all1.5g/m3The obtained experimental data are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the above table, the pesticide of the invention has good insecticidal effect on Trichoderma, lernaea, Paeniculus cucurbitae and ciliates, and the insecticidal effect in the first day can reach more than 50%, and the effect is quick.
Duration of drug action test
Meanwhile, water is taken for drug detection 10 days, 20 days, 30 days, 40 days and 60 days after drug application.
Wherein the residual condition is shown in table 2;
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the above table 2, the drug residue of the invention still keeps more than 30% of the effective drug residue 40 days after application, and still keeps more than 10% 60 days after application, compared with the existing Chinese herbal medicine pesticide and chemical pesticide, the drug effect lasts for a long time.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, and the principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein by using specific examples, and the descriptions of the embodiments are only used to help understanding the principles of the embodiments of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the embodiments of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific implementation manners and application ranges, and in summary, the content of the present description should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products is characterized in that: the slow-release attapulgite clay comprises a drug effect component and a slow-release component, wherein the slow-release component is attapulgite; the mass ratio of the drug effect component to the sustained-release component is 1: (0.1-1); the pharmacodynamic components comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of dried ginger, 5-10 parts of pomegranate bark, 15-25 parts of quisqualis indica, 1-5 parts of radix stemonae, 5-10 parts of pepper bark, 1-5 parts of chinaberry extract, 1-5 parts of platycladus orientalis extract, 1-5 parts of eucalyptus leaf extract and 5-10 parts of celastrus angulatus.
2. The marine natural plant pesticide according to claim 1, wherein: the pharmacodynamic components comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of dried ginger, 8-10 parts of pomegranate bark, 20-25 parts of quisqualis indica, 2-4 parts of radix stemonae, 6-8 parts of pepper bark, 2-3 parts of chinaberry extract, 1-2 parts of platycladus orientalis extract, 2-3 parts of eucalyptus leaf extract and 5-8 parts of celastrus angulatus.
3. The marine natural plant pesticide according to claim 1, wherein: the pharmacodynamic components comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 26-28 parts of dried ginger, 9-10 parts of pomegranate bark, 22-25 parts of quisqualis indica, 2-3 parts of radix stemonae, 6-8 parts of pepper bark, 2-2.5 parts of chinaberry extract, 1.5-2 parts of arborvitae extract, 2-3 parts of eucalyptus leaf extract and 6-8 parts of celastrus angulatus.
4. The marine natural plant pesticide according to claim 1, wherein: the pharmacodynamic components comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 27 parts of dried ginger, 9 parts of pomegranate bark, 23 parts of quisqualis indica, 3 parts of radix stemonae, 8 parts of pepper bark, 2.5 parts of chinaberry tree extract, 2 parts of platycladus orientalis extract, 2.5 parts of eucalyptus leaf extract and 8 parts of celastrus angulatus.
5. The marine natural plant pesticide according to claim 1, wherein: the chinaberry extract is chinaberry ethanol extract dry powder; the arborvitae extract is arborvitae ethanol extract dry powder; the folium eucalypti extract is dry powder of folium eucalypti ethanol extract.
6. The marine natural plant pesticide according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the drug effect component to the sustained-release component is 1: (0.1-0.5).
7. A method for preparing a natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the dried ginger, the pomegranate rind, the quisqualis indica, the radix stemonae and the chilli rind according to the parts by weight, adding the slow-release component attapulgite, fully mixing, adding deionized water, grinding, and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain slurry;
(2) and (2) drying the slurry obtained in the step (1) in vacuum, and then fully mixing the dried slurry with the chinaberry extract, the platycladus orientalis extract, the eucalyptus leaf extract and the celastrus angulatus.
8. The method for preparing a natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the solid-liquid ratio of the deionized water added and mixed in the step (1) is 1 (1-2).
9. The method for preparing a natural botanical pesticide for aquatic products as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the temperature of vacuum drying in the step (2) is 45-60 ℃.
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