CN103006772B - Wall-broken Chinese herb medicine feed for prevention and cure of fish diseases - Google Patents
Wall-broken Chinese herb medicine feed for prevention and cure of fish diseases Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to wall-broken Chinese herb medicine feed for prevention and cure of fish diseases and solves the problem that the conventional fish medicine for fish disease prevention and cure can only play a certain effect on one or more fish diseases caused by a certain pathogenetic agent and has poor prevention and cure effects on parasite diseases and the like. According to the technical scheme, the wall-broken Chinese herb medicine feed is prepared form the following raw materials in part by weight through ultramicro pulverization: 4.5-18 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 3-9 parts of fructus cnidii, 3-9 parts of radix scutellariae, 9-15 parts of radix isatidis, 3-6 parts of galla chinensis and 9-30 parts of radix astragali. The wall-broken Chinese herb medicine feed can be used for prevention and cure of various fish diseases, particularly parasite fish diseases, has a definite curative effect, can promote growth and development and improve fish immunity, produces no drug tolerance and has no toxic side effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breaking cellular wall Chinese medicine fodder for fish disease prevention and cure.
Background technology
Along with improving constantly of fishery cultivating density and output, fish diseases becomes the main restricting factor of aquatic products industry development gradually, and wherein parasitic disease is the most serious, and existing a large amount of research datas have been recorded the harm of parasite to Fish.South China almost has every year the generation of Fish parasitic disease, causes the death of fish, mortality rate low 20%～30%, severe patient reaches more than 90%.Parasite endangers when serious can cause that fish growth promoter is slow, and resistance declines, and even causes death, and visible parasite is the first killer of the aquatic animals such as Fish.From the condition of production, the disease of fresh-water fishes is mainly that bacillary, viral body surface is sick, and the damage that parasite is caused is often this generation of class disease and popular main cause, therefore, to parasitic harm, should attract great attention.
1989-1992 years, eliminating fish parasites and the cause of disease fauna thereof in gold Xie Lidengdui Hunan Province are investigated, and find 268 kinds of parasites in 84 kinds of Fish, have l8 kind to treat the novel species of further identifying, and find the new host of l0 worm kind, the new record in Youl84Zhong Wei Hunan Province.According to statistics, China has found in Shaanxi Province nearly 1300 kinds of parasite of freshwater fishes at present.
Different parasites show similar when Fish are produced to harm, fisherman's judgement is more difficult, if only use a certain parasite killing, does not often reach ideal effect, only have the broad-spectrum anti-parasite of use medicine, just can come into force.More complicated, the not sibling species in same class parasite also can produce different harm to Fish, and as myxosporea, up to now, the myxosporea that the whole world has been found amounts to 62 and belongs to, and more than 1300 plant.
Also it must be emphasized that, fish endoparasite can cause that the Organ and tissue ischemias such as fish body gastrointestinal tract mucosa, necrosis, barrier destroy, can make a large amount of antibacterials, virus, bacterial endotoxin and fungus etc. enter blood, cause bacillary, viral, bacterial endotoxin and the fungus disease of fish, from fish disease symptom, may think bacillary, viral, bacterial endotoxin or fungal disease, therefore, a large amount of antibacterium, antiviral drugs used, result does not reach ideal effect.Visible, particularly important to controls such as eliminating fish parasites diseases.
Although the development of fish medicine is maked rapid progress, but, these fish medicines can only be to a certain former one or more the fish diseases performance certain effects that cause that cause a disease, but, because fishpond water is the system of the exposure of opening wide, in addition water pollutes, a large amount of uses of antibacterials, fishery cultivating family is for pursuing higher output, strengthen arbitrarily cultivation density, ignore the preventing and controlling of fish diseases, in the water of general fishpond, there are a considerable amount of parasites, antibacterial, virus, bacterial endotoxin, funguses etc. are multiple pathogenic former, in addition to the pathogenic of bacterial endotoxin and cause and/or increase the weight of parasite, antibacterial, virus and fungus etc. are pathogenic, cause the shortage understanding such as multiple difficult miscellaneous diseases, do not take corresponding measure, the effect of fish medicine is single, result causes on the contrary the diffusion of fish diseases and increases the weight of, cause several fish diseases obstinate, therefore also can not fundamentally reach the effect of control fish disease.
Goal of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of several fish diseases that can be used for preventing is provided, parasitic fish diseases particularly, determined curative effect, enhancing development, can improve fish body immunity, not produce drug resistance, the breaking cellular wall Chinese medicine fodder for fish disease prevention and cure without any side effects.
Technical scheme is made through micronizing by the raw material of following portions by weight:
Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 4.5-18, Fructus Cnidii 3-9, Radix Scutellariae 3-9, Radix Isatidis 9-15, Galla Chinensis 3-6, Radix Astragali 9-30.
Preferred Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 9, Fructus Cnidii 7, Radix Scutellariae 4, Radix Isatidis 10, Galla Chinensis 5, the Radix Astragali 15.
Described component micronizing to 300 order-400 order.
Radix Sophorae Flavescentis in prescription, Fructus Cnidii, Radix Scutellariae, Radix Isatidis, Galla Chinensis, each chemical composition of the Radix Astragali are various completely, not only can prevent and treat eliminating fish parasites disease, and the pathogenic former various fish diseasess that cause such as antibacterial, virus, bacterial endotoxin, fungus are also had to good preventive and therapeutic effect, in addition also have and well improve fish body immunity, protect the liver, antitumor, removing oxygen-derived free radicals, improve SOD vigor, many-sided physiological function such as low temperature resistant, high temperature resistant, in prevention with treat multiple causing a disease in former and can increase fish growth speed, body composition, growth performance etc.
Radix Sophorae Flavescentis is monarch drug, and Fructus Cnidii, Radix Scutellariae and Radix Isatidis are ministerial drug, and Galla Chinensis and the Radix Astragali are adjuvant drug.Radix Sophorae Flavescentis (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis) is the dry root of leguminous plant Radix Sophorae Flavescentis Sophora flavescens Ait., begin to be loaded in < < Sheng Nong's herbal classic > >, classify middle product as.Ming Dynasty's Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) is said at < < Compendium of Materia Medica > >: " bitter with taste name, ginseng is with scholarly honor of official rank." in Chinese medicine, by effect classification, be the heat clearing and dampness removing medicine belonging in antipyretic; bitter in the mouth cold in nature; GUIXIN, liver, stomach, large intestine and urinary bladder channel; there is the function of heat clearing and damp drying, parasite killing, diuresis, for hematodiarrhoea, have blood in stool, jaundice urine retention, leucorrhea with red and white discharge, swelling of the vulva pudendal pruritus, eczema, eczema, skin pruritus, scabies leprosy, external treatment trichomonal vaginitis.As the application of natural green animals and plants insecticide, make its purposes more and more wider in recent years.Parasite is the first killer of the aquatic animals such as Fish, research shows, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis is killed and inhibitory action causing the multiple parasite of fish disease, when Radix Sophorae Flavescentis dosage increases, in the present invention, medication parts by weight reach 9 when above, and it is stronger that it kills parasite effect;
Fructus Cnidii (Fructus Cnidii) is the dry mature fruit of samphire cnidium monnieri Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss..Nature and flavor are pungent, bitter, and temperature is slightly poisonous, returns kidney channel, for removing toxic substances, parasite killing, dampness, medicine dispels the wind.Belong to detoxicating and killing parasites antipruritic.We study discovery, and Fructus Cnidii micropowder also has good preventive and therapeutic effect to aquatic animal parasitic infection such as Fish etc.Sophora flavescens ait, Fructus Cnidii compatibility are the optimum selections of Fish parasiticide diseases prevention and treatment.
Radix Scutellariae (Radix Scutellariae) is the dry root of labiate Radix Scutellariae Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, it is traditional conventional Chinese medicine of China, Radix Scutellariae is cold in nature, bitter in the mouth, return lung, the heart, liver, gallbladder, large intestine channel, there is heat clearing and damp drying, eliminating fire and detoxication, hemostasis, the effect such as antiabortive, Radix Scutellariae antibacterial range is very wide, and multiple gram positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and spirillum etc. are all had to inhibitory action, and Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans are also had to inhibitory action.Baicalin has inhibitory action to multiple virus, and flavone known in Radix Scutellariae mostly has phenolic hydroxyl structure, is therefore good antioxidant.4 kinds of Main Flavonoids compositions of Radix Scutellariae all have the free radical of elimination and antioxidant activity in the different system of body.Fibroblastic damage that baicalin can prevent oxygen-derived free radicals such as hydroperoxidase, superoxide anion to cause.
Radix Isatidis (Radix Isatidis), is the dry root of cruciferae isatis Isatis indigotica Fort., and nature and flavor are bitter, cold, cool, nontoxic, returns through entering liver, stomach blood system, returns liver, stomach warp, effect heat clearing away, removing toxic substances, removing heat from blood.As what people were familiar with, Radix Isatidis is the medicine that represents of heat-clearing and detoxifying herb, clinical antibacterial, antiviral, antiplatelet aggregation, Nnti-Bacterial endotoxin etc. of being widely used in.We have carried out deeply research widely to the essence of the heat-clearing toxin-expelling functions such as Radix Isatidis and mechanism of action, find that Radix Isatidis has inside and outside Nnti-Bacterial endotoxin activity widely, can also improve the removing ability of fish body to oxygen-derived free radicals, alleviate fish body and suffer to damage due to free radical attack, and can strengthen the immunologic function of fish body.Galla Chinensis (Galla chinensis) is the insect gall on Anacardiaceae plant Fructus rhois chinensis Rhus chinensis Mill, blue or green bran poplar Rhus potaninii Maxim or Radix Rhois Sinicae Rhus punjabensis Stew. var. sinica (Diels) Rehd. et Wils. leaf.Galla Chinensis sour in the mouth, puckery, cold in nature, returns lung, large intestine, kidney channel, astringes the lung, hidroschesis, astringing intestine to stop diarrhea, controlling nocturnal emission with astringent drugs, hemostasis, detoxicating functions, and be the best convergence Chinese medicine of generally acknowledging, can treat various diseases.The Radix Astragali (Radix Astragali) is the dry root of leguminous plant Radix Astagali Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bae.var.mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao or Radix Astragali Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bae., slightly warm in nature, sweet in the mouth, return spleen, lung meridian, have tonifying Qi and lifting yang, benefit to defend the effect of consolidating superficial resistance, promoting pus discharge and tissue regeneration strengthening, diuretic detumescent.As people, generally acknowledge and know, the Radix Astragali is immunostimulant best in Chinese medicine, modern pharmacological research shows, the Radix Astragali has dual regulation to body's immunity, also has the multiple actions such as heart tonifying blood pressure lowering, blood sugar lowering, diuresis, defying age, resisting fatigue, antitumor, antiviral, calmness, analgesia.
In this prescription, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis is monarch drug, and Fructus Cnidii, Radix Scutellariae and Radix Isatidis are ministerial drug, and Galla Chinensis and the Radix Astragali are adjuvant drug, and six couplings not only have good parasiticide effect, and to antibacterial, virus, bacterial endotoxin, fungus etc. cause disease former also have pretend very much use.Fructus Cnidii belongs to detoxicating and killing parasites antipruritic, Radix Scutellariae can be used for parasiticide, the two can strengthen the effect of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis parasiticide, Radix Scutellariae is generally acknowledged bouvardin simultaneously, there is broad spectrum antibiotic activity, and Radix Isatidis is the medicine that represents of Effect of Chinese Medicine Qing thermal detoxification, antiviral, Nnti-Bacterial endotoxin, three has bacterial endotoxin, fungus etc. and pretends very much use; Galla Chinensis is Chinese medicine antidote, there are good convergence, removing toxic substances, antibacterial action, tannic acid in Galla Chinensis can form insoluble complex with a lot of harmful heavy metal ion, and tannic acid is difficult absorption in gastrointestinal tract, and the diarrhoea of the normal generation of Fish is had to good astriction.The Radix Astragali is putative best tonic in Chinese medicine, is mainly used in improving fish body immunity, enhancing development, strengthens the abilities such as fish body parasiticide, antibacterium, antiviral, Nnti-Bacterial endotoxin, antifungal.In 6 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine, number of chemical composition is mutually worked in coordination with, is complemented one another, according to the comprehensive effect of the feature performance various active composition of Chinese medicine mass action, multipath, multiple target effect, can not only treat the Fish various diseases because of the pathogenic former initiation such as parasite, antibacterial, virus, bacterial endotoxin, fungus, and have comprehensive prevention and health care.
Further, more than 6 kinds of medical material micronizing to 300 orders, make crude drug cell sporoderm-broken rate >95%, effective ingredient does not need just to discharge by cell wall, more easily by fish body, is digested and assimilated.And the reservation of the bioactive ingredients of ultrafine Chinese herb is complete, dosage reduces, and curative effect significantly improves; In micronizing process, by high-intensity impulsive force, wherein each composition is evenly mixed, make solid material reach the effect of liquid-phase mixing and emulsifying, further improve curative effect; Ultrafine Chinese herb, due to the increase of fineness, can conveniently fully mix with fish meal, improves Fish and takes mouthfeel, increases appetite, enhancing development.Micronizing is also called cell wall breaking technology, and grain size of micropowder is 0.1～10 μ m.Chinese medicine cell wall after micronizing is more than 95% destroyed, effective ingredient does not need just can discharge by cell wall, so just improved rate of release and the burst size of effective ingredient in Chinese medicine, directly enter in fish body, therefore low dose of micropowders just can reach the drug effect of heavy dose of Ordinary pulverization medical material.
Chinese medicine fodder of the present invention can be mixed in common basic fish meal and be carried out conventional feeding, and the 4-6% that after mixing, Chinese medicine fodder accounts for mixed fodder gross weight is for well.
Beneficial effect:
(1) the Six-element medical material in herbal mixture feedstuff of the present invention is mutually worked in coordination with, is complemented one another, be mainly used in preventing and treating eliminating fish parasites, have the effects such as antibacterial, antiviral, Nnti-Bacterial endotoxin, antifungal concurrently, improve immunity and promote fish bulk-growth to grow, can play a role to a plurality of rake points of Fish various diseases, for the multiple former fish bluk recombination causing of the causing a disease significant prevention effect that caught simultaneously.
(2) because this product can extensively be prevented and treated the multiple former multiple fish disease causing that causes a disease, therefore do not need rich experiences or complex instrument to debate concrete disease and pathogenic former, less demanding to manager, Chinese medicine is directly mixed in fish meal, therapeutic process is easy.
(3) herbal mixture of the present invention all comes from natural plant raw material, after testing without any side effects, can not residual in fish body, the generation that has no drug resistance, be particularly suitable for Fish and digest and assimilate, do not affect flesh of fish mouthfeel, be applicable to the control of various cultured fishes diseases.
(4) raw material is extensively easy to get, preparation technology is simple, reliable, production cost is low, and micropowder dosage form using dosage is few compared with ordinary preparation, is more suitable for the performance that Fish digest and assimilate, can effectively promote curative effect of medication.
(5) good, the shoal of fish of mouthfeel happiness food.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Raw material weight ratio: Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 9, Fructus Cnidii 7, Radix Scutellariae 4, Radix Isatidis 10, Galla Chinensis 5, the Radix Astragali 15.
Respectively 6 kinds of Chinese crude drugs are ground into 40-80 order coarse powder with high speed disintegrator respectively, in mixing with Hi-mixer after prescription ratio proportioning, then mix and make Chinese medicine fodder 1 with basic fish meal after being ground into 300-400 order micropowder with super micron mill.
Embodiment 2:
Raw material weight ratio: Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 4.5, Fructus Cnidii 9, Radix Scutellariae 8, Radix Isatidis 15, Galla Chinensis 5, the Radix Astragali 22.Preparation method, with embodiment 1, makes Chinese medicine fodder 2.
Embodiment 3:
Raw material weight ratio: Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 18, Fructus Cnidii 5, Radix Scutellariae 3, Radix Isatidis 9, Galla Chinensis 3, the Radix Astragali 9.Preparation method, with embodiment 1, makes Chinese medicine fodder 3.
Embodiment 4:
Raw material weight ratio: Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 12, Fructus Cnidii 3, Radix Scutellariae 9, Radix Isatidis 12, Galla Chinensis 6, the Radix Astragali 30.Preparation method, with embodiment 1, makes Chinese medicine fodder 4.
The basic fish meal prescription of table 1 and trophic level
Test the anti-fish body of 1 Chinese medicine fodder 3 Trichodina infection effect
Effect for research feedstuff 2 antagonism fish body Trichodinas, selecting Siniperca chuatsi (Siniperca chuatsi Basilewsky) is the fingerling of surviving the winter, body weight 35～45g, test is provided by fish farm, Tang Xun lake, Wuhan with Siniperca chuatsi, test Siniperca chuatsi has suffered from trichodinasis in pond, sick fish is black and thin, the gill of fish and mouth are micro white around, other are normal for body surface, and gill portion mucus is more, and gill filament microscopy can find that a large amount of Trichodinas are parasitic, parasitic quantity is at 20～30/tail, polypide is less, diameter 18～30 μ m, average 22 μ m.With reference to related documents, identify that this Trichodina is small Trichodina (Trichodinella ninuta Chen).The Siniperca chuatsi that 160 tails are suffered from trichodinasis is divided into 4 groups at random, every group of 40 tails, A group is for matched group is still with basic fish meal raising, B group, C group and D group are the feedstuff 1(B group that experimental group contains respectively Chinese medicine fodder 3, Chinese medicine fodder 3 and basic fish meal blending are made to feedstuff 1, the Chinese medicine fodder 3 that contains weight percent 6% in feedstuff 1), contain the loose comparison feedstuff 1(C group of commercially available worm for fishing spirit, worm for fishing spirit is fallen apart and made comparison feedstuff 1 with basic fish meal blending, mixing proportion is referring to instructions book), contain the clean No. 1 loose relatively feedstuff 2(D group of the commercially available spore that goes out, clean the faling apart for No. 1 of the spore that will go out makes comparison feedstuff 2 with basic fish meal blending, mixing proportion is referring to instructions book) raise, (water body volume is 1m to use the raising of pond water aquarium
3, pH7.0, water temperature is at 15～25 ℃), raise continuously and use basic fish meal instead after 3d and raise, observe and record reaction and the death condition of fish body gill portion Trichodina, and remove dead Siniperca chuatsi at any time.From giving feedstuff 1, relatively after 4d, 7d, 10d, each each group is fished for 10 of the Siniperca chuatsis of surviving at random feedstuff 2,3, by parasitology test method, check the Trichodina survival condition of fish body gill portion, observe the reaction of fish body and gill portion Trichodina, and carry out statistical analysis, calculate every Siniperca chuatsi gill portion Trichodina survival number.Found that, after medication, 4h starts, and in test group, fish body gill portion part Trichodina cilium trembles to move and starts to weaken to stopping, until polypide atrophy is dead.The results are shown in Table 2
Table 2 Siniperca chuatsi gill portion Trichodina survival number and Siniperca chuatsi death toll (
, n=40)
Table 2 is visible, and Chinese medicine fodder and 2 groups of comparison feedstuffs have the Trichodina effect of anti-Siniperca chuatsi gill portion.The Siniperca chuatsi that suffers from gill portion Trichodina gives basic fish meal and raises, and with feeding time, extends, and Siniperca chuatsi gill portion wheel borer population and mortality rate progressively increase, and only has 9 Siniperca chuatsis to be available for checking the Trichodina survival number of fish body gill portion to 10d.3d after giving respectively feedstuff 1 and comparing feedstuff, can protect Siniperca chuatsi existence in various degree, and Siniperca chuatsi gill portion Trichodina constantly reduces, and uses Chinese medicine fodder 1 14d, can kill Siniperca chuatsi gill portion Trichodina completely.Result is visible, and Chinese medicine fodder 3, the worm for fishing spirit spore that falls apart, goes out loose has a Trichodina effect of anti-Siniperca chuatsi gill portion clean No. 1, uses Chinese medicine fodder 3 not cause 1 Siniperca chuatsi death, uses 14d can kill Siniperca chuatsi gill portion Trichodina completely.The Trichodina effect of the anti-Siniperca chuatsi gill of visible Chinese medicine fodder 3 portion is stronger than the worm for fishing spirit clean No. 1 loose effect of spore of faling apart, go out, more remarkable treatment effect.
Experiment 2: the preventive effect that 2 pairs of Cytophaga Columnaris of Chinese medicine fodder infect
For inquiring into Chinese medicine fodder 21 to Cyprinus carpio and the Carassius auratus impact lethal because Cytophaga Columnaris infects, challenge test is as follows: 4 groups of Cyprinus carpios and Carassius auratus give respectively: A group gives feedstuff 2(Chinese medicine fodder 2 and basic fish meal blending are made to feedstuff 2, contains the Chinese medicine fodder 2 of weight percent 4% in feedstuff 2), B group gives comparison feedstuff 1, C and organizes to feedstuff 2 relatively, D group and give basic fish meal for matched group.Bait throwing in is in strict accordance with following principle: fixing bait throwing in point, and set time every day bait throwing in secondary, duration of test water temperature, between 12-25 ℃, all records water temperature in daytime, evening.Raise after 40 days, fish at random 30 tail fishes for every group and weigh.Method for breeding, experiment grouping and feed intake same " experiment 1 ", Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus are raised 40d, calculate and respectively organize after the relative growth rate of fish, organize every group respectively fish at random Cyprinus carpio and each 20 tails of Carassius auratus from each test group A group, B group, C group and matched group D, every tail is through pectoral fin base portion injection 6 * 10
8/ mL Cytophaga Columnaris bacterium liquid 0.2mL, continues breeding observing 2 weeks, records at any time disease symptom and death condition.Dead fish body is dissected to inspection, and separation of bacterial, confirms the cause of the death, calculates survival rate.Result of the test shows: after injection Cytophaga Columnaris bacterium liquid, the survival rate of Cyprinus carpio test group and matched group is respectively 85%(A group), 55%(B group), 60%(C group) and 30%(D group), Carassius auratus survival rate is respectively 75%(A group), 40%(B group), 45%(C group) and 35%(D group).Visible; Chinese medicine fodder 2, the worm for fishing spirit spore that falls apart, goes out loose infect and has certain preventive effect Cytophaga Columnaris for clean No. 1; can increase the survival rate after fish body injection Cytophaga Columnaris viable bacteria; the growth of Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus is had to certain protective effect; the immanoprotection action of 2 pairs of Cyprinus carpios of Chinese medicine fodder and Carassius auratus is stronger than the worm for fishing spirit clean No. 1 loose effect of spore of faling apart, go out, and effect is more remarkable.
Experiment 3: the preventive effect of 1 pair of HSV-I viral infection of Chinese medicine fodder
For inquiring into, the protective effect of 2 pairs of HSV-I viral infection Cyprinus carpios of Chinese medicine fodder, test purchased from fish farm, Tang Xun lake, Wuhan City, is wild Cyprinus carpio with fish, every cabrage 30g left and right.Experiment is grouped as follows: Cyprinus carpio 100 tails, be divided at random 5 groups, and every group of 20 tails, raise respectively in area 4m, in the Artificial Soil pond of dark 1m.5 groups of Cyprinus carpios give respectively: A group gives feedstuff 3(Chinese medicine fodder 1 and basic fish meal blending are made to feedstuff 3, contains the Chinese medicine fodder 3 of weight percent 4% in feedstuff 3), B group gives comparison feedstuff 1, C group gives comparison feedstuff 2, D group and E group and gives basic fish meal.Bait throwing in is in strict accordance with following principle: fixing bait throwing in point, and set time every day bait throwing in secondary, duration of test water temperature, between 12-25 ℃, all records water temperature in daytime, evening.
Each group starts experiment after raising 7d by " experiment 1 " method for breeding, experimental group A group, B group, C group and every Cyprinus carpio pectoral fin base portion injection 0.02mL virus HSV-I of D group strain, matched group E group injection Isodose 0.9% sodium chloride solution.After injection, each group continues above-mentioned method for breeding raises, and observes disease symptom and death condition in 30d.Virus HSV-I strain is type strain, and by Wuhan University, Ins of Virology provides, and virus titer is 100TCID500.1mL
-1, infective dose is every 0.02mL.The results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3, the protective effect of 1 pair of HSV-I viral infection Cyprinus carpio of Chinese medicine fodder ((
, n=20)
Table 3 is visible, and Cyprinus carpio is observed in 30d after injecting HSV-I Strain, and the matched group D group that gives basic fish meal is all dead, and experimental group (A group, B group, C group) survival rate and all significant prolongations of natural law of surviving, particularly the effect of A group is obvious.Visible, the Cyprinus carpio death that 1 pair of HSV-I virus of Chinese medicine fodder causes has obvious immanoprotection action, and effect is loose stronger than worm for fishing spirit fall apart, the go out clean I of spore number, more remarkable effect.
Experiment 4: 4 pairs of Nnti-Bacterial endotoxin effects of Chinese medicine fodder
For inquiring into 4 pairs of bacterial endotoxins of Chinese medicine fodder, cause the protective effect of Carassius aurutus gibelio death; test uses Carassius aurutus gibelio from the soup Xun Huyuchang of Wuhan City; after transporting back; being used mass fraction is 3% saline solution sterilization 15min; then put into outdoor tank-culture and support 3 weeks temporarily, during supporting temporarily, adopt basic fish meal to raise, throw something and feed every day 2 times; change water 1 time, whole day blowing aeration.Supporting temporarily the indoor glass aquarium of immigration after 3 weeks raises and train 1 week.Raise and train after 1 week and start to test: select body constitution stalwartness, without the Carassius aurutus gibelio sick and wounded, body weight is basically identical, be divided at random 5 groups, putting into respectively the glass aquarium of 100 * 60 * 60cm raises, every case 20 tail fishes, each is organized feedstuff and gives: A group-feedstuff 4(makes feedstuff 4 by Chinese medicine fodder 4 and basic fish meal blending, the Chinese medicine fodder 4 that contains weight percent 5% in feedstuff 4), B group-comparison feedstuff 1, C group-comparison feedstuff 2, matched group (D group and E group) feedstuff are still for being basic fish meal, each organizes the corresponding fish meal of throwing something and feeding according to plan, every day 2 times, change water 1 time.Each group formally starts experiment raise 7d in glass aquarium after: experimental group A group, B group, C group and matched group D organize by 100 μ g/kg body weight from pectoral fin base portion bacterial injection endotoxin solution (bacterial endotoxin, every 5mg, sigma company, with 0.9% sodium chloride solution, dissolve before use and be diluted to 100 μ g/mL bacterial endotoxin solution, every Carassius aurutus gibelio bacterial endotoxin solution dosage is that 250g bacterial injection endotoxin solution 0.25mL calculates by Carassius aurutus gibelio body weight), matched group E group injection Isodose 0.9% sodium chloride solution.After bacterial injection endotoxin solution, each group still adopts basic fish meal to raise by during supporting temporarily, every day 2 times, changes water 1 time, and whole day blowing aeration, observes and record Carassius aurutus gibelio activity and death condition, and removes dead Carassius aurutus gibelio at any time.Result shows, all produces reaction after pectoral fin base portion bacterial injection endotoxin solution: rapid breathing, butt glass aquarium, the shakiness of moving about fast, move about, double swerve, usually occur turning over the abnormal phenomenas such as belly (stopping several seconds).After bacterial injection endotoxin solution, 30min left and right starts to occur death, to 5d, does not have dead Carassius aurutus gibelio activity to recover gradually normally, and E group injection Isodose 0.9% sodium chloride solution, any abnormal response does not occur after injection.Each group occurs that death time and death toll are in Table 4, from per cent death loss, A group, B group, C group and D group all occur dead, and E group does not have, visible bacterial endotoxin can make Carassius aurutus gibelio lethal, A group, B group and C group mortality rate are all low compared with D group, visible Chinese medicine fodder 4, worm for fishing spirit is loose, the clean I of the spore that goes out number is loose causes Carassius aurutus gibelio to bacterial endotoxin certain protective role, 4 groups of per cent death losses of Chinese medicine fodder are minimum, visible, Chinese medicine fodder 4 has excellent bacterial endotoxin effect, worm for fishing spirit is fallen apart and the clean I of the spore that goes out number is fallen apart also has certain effect to bacterial endotoxin, but, Nnti-Bacterial endotoxin effect compared with Chinese medicine fodder 4 a little less than.
4 pairs of bacterial endotoxins of table 4 Chinese medicine fodder cause the protective effect (n=20) of Carassius aurutus gibelio death
Experiment 5: prevention parasitic infection research
Example 1: overwintering period, because pond is less, change water, all kinds of hydrobiological metabolic wastes are accumulated in water, these metabolic wastes decompose very fast, consume a large amount of dissolved oxygen in water, during oxygen quantity not sufficient, can produce a large amount of poisonous intermediate products, the resistance of Fish is declined greatly, the probability that infects the various diseases that comprises parasite increases.Due to fish body before surviving the winter more or less all with certain parasite, once water temperature raises, these parasites are easy to amount reproduction, and fish body is infected in a large number.In order to prevent that parasitic disease from breaking out, at Taihe county village, Yan Menkou town, Jingshan County, Hubei Province summer army China culturing pool, carried out Chinese medicine fodder 4 prevention parasitic infection and observed, to culturing pool area, the environment facies such as the depth of water are same, the first that Ctenopharyngodon idellus injected volume is substantially equal, two Hypophthalmichthys molitrix fishponds of second compare research, in by the end of February, 2010, Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann pond is by fisherman custom, conventional method is thrown in fish meal, and second fishpond, at interval of 10d, is thrown in 3d feedstuff 4(Chinese medicine fodder is made to feedstuff 4 with basic fish meal blending No. 4, contains No. 4, the Chinese medicine fodder of weight percent 4% in feedstuff 4), by the end of April, get fish body surface, the gill filament, upper intestines divides cyst to examine under a microscope myxosporea, result, first, there is myxosporea in two fishponds of second, but Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann pond Hypophthalmichthys molitrix body surface, the gill filament, the visible a large amount of myxosporeas of intestinal, and the second fishpond fish gill filament, intestinal has no myxosporea mostly, the minority fish gill filament, intestinal has less myxosporea, the two fishpond Hypophthalmichthys molitrix gill filaments, intestinal myxosporea quantity variance is remarkable.For this reason, this fisherman throws in fish meal to Dou Anyi fishpond, whole fishpond method, at interval of 10d, throws in 3d Chinese medicine fodder 3, to October, all parasite or other reasons does not occur and causes the Hypophthalmichthys molitrix phenomena of mortality.
Example 2 Liu Gang village, Liu Xiang town, Suizhou City Guangshui cultivation presidents Liu of association, 9 mu of the fishpond waters surface, take Carassius auratus as the main fish pond of raising together with, find that there is myxosporea in Carassius auratus fingerling head and the gill portion of 5cm left and right on July 12nd, 2010, and occur a small amount of dead, after using feedstuff 4 to feed 7d continuously according to a conventional method, fingerling death stops, and microscopic examination myxosporea sneak case finds that myxosporea comes off, head and gill portion no longer include myxosporea, and myxosporidiosis is cured.Visible Chinese medicine fodder 4 is potent parasite killing, has powerful anti-eliminating fish parasites effect, short treating period, and insecticidal effect is obvious.
Example 3: doctylogyrosis is the disease being caused by flat parasite dactylogyrider, and polypide parasitizes on the gill, skin and squama, and polypide is flat, long 0.19～0.5 millimeter of body, propagates by worm's ovum and germling, and its suitable growth temperature is 20～25
oc, is popular in the end of spring and the beginning of summer, and a large amount of parasitisms can cause the large quantities of death of Lateolabrax japonicus seed, are a kind of common frequently-occurring diseases.The a small amount of parasitic seasonal disease fish of polypide does not have manifest symptom, when a large amount of parasitic, can cause gill filament swelling, anemia, and the gill is colored gill shape, has a large amount of mucus on the gill, causes the damage of crucian carp silk, gill filament capillary injection, ooze out so that downright bad, disintegrate.On May 3rd, 2011, the long-lived town raiser Duan Meifang in Zhongxiang City finds that the Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier et Va-lenciennes) (Lateolabracis) of feeding moves about slowly, and what have floats on water body top layer, and body surface is unglazed, blackout, and fish body is become thin, and starts to occur death.We,, with the tabletting of microscopy common sea bass fish gills, found that a large amount of dactylogyriders, are defined as doctylogyrosis.Use immediately feedstuff 3 to feed continuously according to a conventional method, after 3d, Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier et Va-lenciennes) (Lateolabracis) death reduces gradually, and the phenomena of mortality do not occur 5d later.Again use the tabletting of microscopy common sea bass fish gills, observe dactylogyrider sneak case, result gill portion does not find dactylogyrider, and visible Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier et Va-lenciennes) (Lateolabracis) doctylogyrosis is cured.
Claims (2)
1. for a breaking cellular wall Chinese medicine fodder for fish disease prevention and cure, it is characterized in that, by the raw material of following portions by weight, through micronizing to 300 order-400 order, made:
Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 4.5-18, Fructus Cnidii 3-9, Radix Scutellariae 3-9, Radix Isatidis 9-15, Galla Chinensis 3-6, Radix Astragali 9-30.
2. the breaking cellular wall Chinese medicine fodder for fish disease prevention and cure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, by the raw material of following portions by weight, is made:
Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 9, Fructus Cnidii 7, Radix Scutellariae 4, Radix Isatidis 10, Galla Chinensis 5, the Radix Astragali 15.
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| CN104256173A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-07 | 浙江海洋学院 | Special feed for xenocypris davidi bleeker juvenile fish and preparation method of special feed |
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