CN108286127B - 一种疏水疏油纳米纤维膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种疏水疏油纳米纤维膜的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种疏水疏油纳米纤维膜的制备方法。本发明是通过静电纺丝制备纳米纤维膜,然后对其氟化处理得到疏水疏油纳米纤维膜,主要包括三个步骤:(1)配制纺丝液,将纳米二氧化硅悬浮液加入到聚乙烯醇溶液中,即形成壳层纺丝液;将聚四氟乙烯和硼酸加入到聚乙烯醇溶液中,即形成芯层纺丝液;(2)采用同轴纺丝技术,纺丝成膜后将膜置于马弗炉中煅烧,制备SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜;(3)使用氟化剂浸渍处理SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜制备疏水疏油性F‑SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜。该发明操作步骤简单,可以进行放大实验,规模化生产;二氧化硅纳米颗粒与聚四氟乙烯纳米纤维结合性好,过滤含油烟气后可水洗重复利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种制备聚四氟乙烯纳米纤维的方法,特别是同时具有疏水性和疏油性的聚四氟乙烯纳米纤维膜的改性方法。
背景技术
近年来, 随着社会经济的快速发展及人民生活水平的提高, 在许多地区油烟污染已经成为仅次于工业污染和交通污染的第三大空气污染,引起了公众的关注。油烟的主要危害成份油烟是指在加工过程中挥发的油脂、有机质及其加热分解或裂解产物, 它含有对人体器官有强刺激性的物质丙烯醛及致癌物质据统计油烟危害不亚于汽车尾气给大气带来的危害, 有些地区甚至超过汽车尾气数倍之多。
聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)覆膜滤料广泛运用于油烟、电弧烟气、碳素粉末、纳米粉尘等亚微米粉尘除尘系统中。有着除尘效率显著、使用环境的适应性广、透气性好等优点。但是由于PTFE材料具有疏水亲油性,所以当过滤的气体中含有油质时,油滴会粘附在PTFE膜表面,这样就会严重的降低烟气的过滤效率,所以研究目的就是制备出疏水疏油性PTFE膜用于含油烟气的过滤。
中国专利CN 104524985 A发明了一种分离膜表面疏水、疏油的改性方法,采用原子层沉积法(ALD)使纳微颗粒包覆聚四氟乙烯网状纤维;再用等离子体处理聚四氟乙烯膜表面,将其置于全氟单体中后,再进行等离子接枝处理获得改性后的聚四氟乙烯膜材料。该膜材料涂层稳定性较好,同时具有良好的疏水与疏油性能,可用于气固分离、油水分离等过程。但是该过程不易放大,且过程较为复杂。专利CN 106914150 A公开了一种超双疏纳米粉末制备疏水疏油涂层的方法,首先采用氟化剂对纳米二氧化硅粉末进行浸渍处理得到超双疏纳米二氧化硅(水接触角和油接触角均大于150°),然后将其浸渍在聚四氟乙烯纤维表面,从而得到疏水疏油性聚四氟乙烯膜。但是双疏性纳米二氧化硅颗粒与膜表面的结合力并不强,容易脱落。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于通过静电纺丝制备聚四氟乙烯纳米纤维膜,然后对其改性来获得疏水疏油性纳米纤维膜。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:
(1)配制纺丝液。纺丝液分为两种,分别为壳层纺丝液和芯层纺丝液,壳层纺丝液为纳米二氧化硅悬浮液和聚乙烯醇(PVA),芯层纺丝液为聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、PVA和硼酸(BA);
(2)制备SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜。应用同轴静电纺丝技术,内针头注入步骤(1)中得到芯层纺丝液,外针头注入壳层纺丝液,纺丝成膜后将膜置于马弗炉中煅烧,除去PVA;
(3)制备疏水疏油性F-SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜。使用氟化剂浸渍处理步骤(2)所得的SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜;最后放在烘箱里干燥。
其中:
本发明步骤(1)所述PVA的分子量为74800,质量分数为8%-16%,PTFE乳液的质量分数为40%-60%,硼酸的质量分数为4%-8%。
本发明步骤(1)壳层纺丝液各物质的质量百分比为:二氧化硅分散液量为10%-40%, PVA的量为60%-90%,芯层纺丝液各物质的质量百分比为:PVA的量为40%-59.9%,PTFE的量为40%-59.9%,BA的量为0.1%-0.2%。
本发明步骤(2)中外针头外径为1.8mm,内径为1.4mm,内针头外径为0.8mm,内径为0.5mm。
本发明步骤(2)中纺丝电压15~25 kV,接收距离15~20cm,推注速度为0.4-1ml/h。
本发明步骤(2)所述的煅烧的温度为280-380°C,升温速率为2-10°C/min,煅烧时间为10-30min。
本发明步骤(3)所述的氟化剂为全氟辛基三氯硅烷或全氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷。
本发明步骤(3)所述的浸渍时间为12-36h,干燥的温度为40-80°C,干燥5-10h。
本发明步骤(3)所述疏水疏油性材料的水接触角大于140°,油接触角大于105°。
本发明所述的疏水疏油性纳米纤维膜材料可用于含油、高湿等气体净化。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)该发明操作步骤简单,可以进行放大实验,规模化生产;
(2)二氧化硅纳米颗粒与聚四氟乙烯纳米纤维结合性好,过滤含油烟气后可水洗重复利用。
附图说明
图1为静电纺丝示意图。
图2为实施例1中所述的F-SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜SEM照片。
图3为实施例1中所述的F-SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜的水和油接触角图。
图4为实施例1中PTFE、SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜和F-SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜的XRD图。
图5为实施例1中PTFE、SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜和F-SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜的气体通量图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做更进一步地解释,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,但并不用来限定本发明的实施范围。
实施例1
(1)壳层纺丝液的配制:将二氧化硅溶液和PVA混合,400rpm搅拌4h得到悬浮液。其中,PVA的质量分数为10%,各物质的质量百分比为二氧化硅溶液为25%,PVA的量为75%。
(2)芯层纺丝液的配制:将PTFE、PVA和BA混合,400rpm搅拌12h得到悬浮液。其中,PTFE、PVA和BA的质量分数分别为为60%、10%和4%,各物质的质量百分比为PTFE溶液为53.78%,PVA的量为46.1%,BA的量为0.12%。
(3)同轴纺丝条件为:纺丝电压20kV,接收距离20cm,壳层纺丝液推注速度为0.664ml/h,芯层纺丝液推注速度为0.442ml/h。外针头外径为1.8mm;内径为1.4mm,内针头外径为0.8mm;内径为0.5mm。
(4)煅烧:纺丝结束后将膜置于精微马弗炉中煅烧,温度为330°C,升温速率为2°C/min,煅烧时间为10min,煅烧后得SiO2@PTFE膜。
(5)氟化处理:0.5ml全氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷与40ml环己烷混合,400rpm搅拌1h使其混合均匀。将SiO2@PTFE膜置于氟化剂中浸渍处理12h,最后取出置于60°C的烘箱中干燥8h。得到F-SiO2@PTFE膜。
结果:如附图3所示,F-SiO2@PTFE膜的水接触角为143°,油接触角为113°。附图4为纺丝成膜的SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜和F-SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜对比PTFE膜的XRD图。各种不同纤维膜气通量如附图5所示。
实施例2
(1)壳层纺丝液的配制:将二氧化硅溶液和PVA混合,400rpm搅拌4h得到悬浮液。其中,PVA的质量分数为10%,各物质的质量百分比为二氧化硅溶液为25%,PVA的量为75%。
(2)芯层纺丝液的配制:将PTFE、PVA和BA混合,400rpm搅拌12h得到悬浮液。其中,PTFE、PVA和BA的质量分数分别为为60%、10%和4%,各物质的质量百分比为PTFE溶液为53.78%,PVA的量为46.1%,BA的量为0.12%。
(3)同轴纺丝条件为:纺丝电压20kV,接收距离20cm,壳层纺丝液推注速度为0.664ml/h,芯层纺丝液推注速度为0.442ml/h。
(4)煅烧:纺丝结束后将膜置于精微马弗炉中煅烧,温度为330°C,升温速率为2°C/min,保温时间为30min,煅烧后得SiO2@PTFE膜。
(5)氟化处理:0.5ml全氟辛基三氯硅烷与40ml环己烷混合,400rpm搅拌1h使其混合均匀。将SiO2@PTFE膜置于氟化剂中浸渍处理12h,最后取出置于60°C的烘箱中干燥10h,得到F-SiO2@PTFE膜。
结果:F-SiO2@PTFE膜的水接触角为141°,油接触角为109°。
实施例3
(1)壳层纺丝液的配制:将二氧化硅溶液和PVA混合,400rpm搅拌4h得到悬浮液。其中,PVA的质量分数为8%,各物质的质量百分比为二氧化硅溶液为40%,PVA的量为60%。
(2)芯层纺丝液的配制:将PTFE、PVA和BA混合,400rpm搅拌12h得到悬浮液。其中,PTFE、PVA和BA的质量分数分别为为60%、10%和4%,各物质的质量百分比为PTFE溶液为59.9%,PVA的量为40%,BA的量为0.1%。
(3)同轴纺丝条件为:纺丝电压25kV,接收距离20cm,壳层纺丝液推注速度为1ml/h,芯层纺丝液推注速度为0.5ml/h。
(4)煅烧:纺丝结束后将膜置于精微马弗炉中煅烧,温度为380°C,升温速率为10°C/min。保温时间为30min煅烧后得SiO2@PTFE膜。
(5)氟化处理:0.5ml全氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷与40ml环己烷混合,400rpm搅拌1h使其混合均匀。将SiO2@PTFE膜置于氟化剂中浸渍处理24h,最后取出置于60°C的烘箱中干燥,得到F-SiO2@PTFE膜。
结果:F-SiO2@PTFE膜的水接触角为145°,油接触角为106°。
实施例4
(1)壳层纺丝液的配制:将二氧化硅溶液和PVA混合,400rpm搅拌4h得到悬浮液。其中,PVA的质量分数为16%,各物质的质量百分比为二氧化硅溶液为10%,PVA的量为90%。
(2)芯层纺丝液的配制:将PTFE、PVA和BA混合,400rpm搅拌12h得到悬浮液。其中,PTFE、PVA和BA的质量分数分别为为40%、16%和8%,各物质的质量百分比为PTFE溶液为40%,PVA的量为59.9%,BA的量为0.1%。
(3)同轴纺丝条件为:纺丝电压15kV,接收距离15cm,壳层纺丝液推注速度为0.8ml/h,芯层纺丝液推注速度为0.4ml/h。
(4)煅烧:纺丝结束后将膜置于精微马弗炉中煅烧,温度为280°C,升温速率为2°C/min。保温时间为10min煅烧后得SiO2@PTFE膜。
(5)氟化处理:0.5ml全氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷与40ml环己烷混合,400rpm搅拌1h使其混合均匀。将SiO2@PTFE膜置于氟化剂中浸渍处理12h,最后取出置于40°C的烘箱中干燥10h,得到F-SiO2@PTFE膜。
结果:F-SiO2@PTFE膜的水接触角为143°,油接触角为107°。
实施例5
(1)壳层纺丝液的配制:将二氧化硅溶液和PVA混合,400rpm搅拌4h得到悬浮液。其中,PVA的质量分数为16%,各物质的质量百分比为二氧化硅溶液为20%,PVA的量为80%。
(2)芯层纺丝液的配制:将PTFE、PVA和BA混合,400rpm搅拌12h得到悬浮液。其中,PTFE、PVA和BA的质量分数分别为为40%、16%和8%,各物质的质量百分比为PTFE溶液为45%,PVA的量为54.8%,BA的量为0.2%。
(3)同轴纺丝条件为:纺丝电压20kV,接收距离20cm,壳层纺丝液推注速度为0.7ml/h,芯层纺丝液推注速度为0.4ml/h。
(4)煅烧:纺丝结束后将膜置于精微马弗炉中煅烧,温度为380°C,升温速率为2°C/min。保温时间为10min煅烧后得SiO2@PTFE膜。
(5)氟化处理:0.5ml全氟辛基三氯硅烷与40ml环己烷混合,400rpm搅拌1h使其混合均匀。将SiO2@PTFE膜置于氟化剂中浸渍处理36h,最后取出置于80°C的烘箱中干燥5h,得到F-SiO2@PTFE膜。
结果:F-SiO2@PTFE膜的水接触角为141°,油接触角为110°。
以上所述的实施方式仅仅是对本发明技术的优选实施方式进行的描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明技术的精神前提下,本领域工程技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明的权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种疏水疏油纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,采用同轴静电纺丝技术,聚乙烯醇作为模板剂,聚四氟乙烯乳液为芯层纺丝液,SiO2分散液为壳层纺丝液,具体步骤如下:
(1)配制纺丝液:纺丝液分为两种,分别为壳层纺丝液和芯层纺丝液,壳层纺丝液为纳米二氧化硅悬浮液和聚乙烯醇,芯层纺丝液为聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯醇和硼酸;
(2)制备SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜:应用同轴静电纺丝技术,内针头注入步骤(1)中得到芯层纺丝液,外针头注入壳层纺丝液,纺丝成膜后将膜置于马弗炉中煅烧,除去聚乙烯醇;
(3)制备疏水疏油性F-SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜:使用氟化剂浸渍处理步骤(2)所得的SiO2@PTFE纳米纤维膜;最后放在烘箱里干燥。
2.根据权利要求1所述的疏水疏油纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述聚乙烯醇的分子量为74800,质量分数为8%-16%,聚四氟乙烯的质量分数为40%-60%,硼酸的质量分数为4%-8%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的疏水疏油纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述壳层纺丝液各物质的质量百分比为:二氧化硅分散液量为10%-40%, 聚乙烯醇的量为60%-90%;芯层纺丝液各物质的质量百分比为:聚乙烯醇的量为40%-59.9%,聚四氟乙烯的量为40%-59.9%,硼酸的量为0.1%-0.2%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的疏水疏油纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中外针头外径为1.8mm,内径为1.4mm;内针头外径为0.8mm,内径为0.5mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的疏水疏油纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中纺丝电压15~25kV,接收距离15~20cm,推注速度为0.4-1mL/h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的疏水疏油纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的煅烧的温度为280-380°C,升温速率为2-10°C/min,煅烧时间为10-30min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的疏水疏油纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述的氟化剂为全氟辛基三氯硅烷或全氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷。
8.根据权利要求1所述的疏水疏油纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述的浸渍时间为12-36h,干燥的温度为40-80°C,干燥5-10h。
9.根据权利要求1所述的疏水疏油纳米纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述疏水疏油性材料的水接触角大于140°,油接触角大于105°。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一所述的疏水疏油纳米纤维膜的制备方法制得的纳米纤维膜,其特征在于,疏水疏油性纳米纤维膜用于含油、高湿气体净化。
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